Journal articles: 'Recharge estimation'

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Collenteur, Raoul A., Mark Bakker, Gernot Klammler, and Steffen Birk. "Estimation of groundwater recharge from groundwater levels using nonlinear transfer function noise models and comparison to lysimeter data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 2931–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2931-2021.

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Abstract. The estimation of groundwater recharge is of paramount importance to assess the sustainability of groundwater use in aquifers around the world. Estimation of the recharge flux, however, remains notoriously difficult. In this study the application of nonlinear transfer function noise (TFN) models using impulse response functions is explored to simulate groundwater levels and estimate groundwater recharge. A nonlinear root zone model that simulates recharge is developed and implemented in a TFN model and is compared to a more commonly used linear recharge model. An additional novel aspect of this study is the use of an autoregressive–moving-average noise model so that the remaining noise fulfills the statistical conditions to reliably estimate parameter uncertainties and compute the confidence intervals of the recharge estimates. The models are calibrated on groundwater-level data observed at the Wagna hydrological research station in the southeastern part of Austria. The nonlinear model improves the simulation of groundwater levels compared to the linear model. The annual recharge rates estimated with the nonlinear model are comparable to the average seepage rates observed with two lysimeters. The recharges estimates from the nonlinear model are also in reasonably good agreement with the lysimeter data at the smaller timescale of recharge per 10 d. This is an improvement over previous studies that used comparable methods but only reported annual recharge rates. The presented framework requires limited input data (precipitation, potential evaporation, and groundwater levels) and can easily be extended to support applications in different hydrogeological settings than those presented here.

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Singhal, Vijai, and Rohit Goyal. "A methodology based on spatial distribution of parameters for understanding affect of rainfall and vegetation density on groundwater recharge." European Journal of Sustainable Development 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2012.v1n2p85.

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Accurate estimation of groundwater recharge is extremely important for propermanagement of groundwater systems. Attempts have been made by various researchers torelate impact of various parameters on groundwater recharge. In the present study, amethodology based on spatial distribution of parameters has been developed forunderstanding affect of rainfall and vegetation density on groundwater recharge.Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been used as an indicative parameterfor vegetation density. Raster layers of recharge and various parameters were created for thestudy area and simultaneous values for these parameters were retrieved at the cell level.Zonal analysis was then carried out to understand affect of these parameters ongroundwater recharge. It is observed that the value of recharge increases up to a certainvalue of NDVI, beyond which it starts decreasing with further increase in value of NDVI.The study also reveals a linear trend between groundwater recharge and rainfall. The resultof this study does not provide method of calculating recharge by using single parametersuch as rainfall or NDVI, however, it explores affect of variation in these parameters ongroundwater recharges. The study provides a new insight into the complex interrelationshipbetween groundwater recharge and vegetation density.

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Mohan, S., and Kumari Sangeeta. "RECHARGE ESTIMATION USING INFILTRATION MODELS." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 11, no. 3 (January 2005): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2005.10514796.

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Bedinger, M. S. "Estimation of Natural Groundwater Recharge." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 70, no. 9 (1989): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/89eo00076.

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Abbs, K., and M. Littleboy. "Recharge estimation for the Liverpool Plains." Soil Research 36, no. 2 (1998): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97049.

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Dryland salinity is recognised as a major environmental concern on the Liverpool Plains in north-eastern New South Wales. Previous hydrogeological and dryland salinity studies have highlighted the importance of adopting appropriate farming systems to reduce recharge into shallow aquifers. In this study, we applied the cropping systems model PERFECT to investigate the effects of climate, soil, and land use on recharge. Model inputs were derived from a range of sources including historical weather data, soil survey data, and information from landholder surveys. We investigated 47 different soils identified in a published soil survey covering approximately 280 000 ha of the Liverpool Plains. This study demonstrated a significant variation in soil physical properties and estimated recharge within soil types and illustrates the dangers of generalising soils into broad groupings. For example, under a wheat-sorghum rotation, predicted average annual recharge for soils classified as black earths ranged from 28 to 80 mm. Similar variability of predicted drainage is evident within other Great Soil Groups. The results reveal that response cropping alone will not significantly reduce recharge for all soils. Considering one black earth soil, average annual recharge is predicted to be 48 mm for a wheat-sorghum rotation, 22 mm for a response cropping rotation, and 8 mm for a lucerne{response cropping rotation. Therefore, including lucerne within a response cropping system is of benfit in reducing recharge. For all soil types, least recharge is predicted for permanent pasture but this land use is not an attractive option to farmers given the diversity of farming systems in the region. However, for some soils, continuous pasture is appropriate because excessive recharge is estimated for all cropping systems. This study has extended previous modelling work in the region as it considered a much wider range of soil types and cropping systems than previously investigated. Such a modelling approach permits the quantification of the effects of climate, soil type, and land use on recharge below the root-zone.

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Hashemi, H., R. Berndtsson, M. Kompani-Zare, and M. Persson. "Natural vs. artificial groundwater recharge, quantification through inverse modeling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 2 (February 11, 2013): 637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-637-2013.

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Abstract. Estimating the change in groundwater recharge from an introduced artificial recharge system is important in order to evaluate future water availability. This paper presents an inverse modeling approach to quantify the recharge contribution from both an ephemeral river channel and an introduced artificial recharge system based on floodwater spreading in arid Iran. The study used the MODFLOW-2000 to estimate recharge for both steady- and unsteady-state conditions. The model was calibrated and verified based on the observed hydraulic head in observation wells and model precision, uncertainty, and model sensitivity were analyzed in all modeling steps. The results showed that in a normal year without extreme events, the floodwater spreading system is the main contributor to recharge with 80% and the ephemeral river channel with 20% of total recharge in the studied area. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the river channel recharge estimation represents relatively more uncertainty in comparison to the artificial recharge zones. The model is also less sensitive to the river channel. The results show that by expanding the artificial recharge system, the recharge volume can be increased even for small flood events, while the recharge through the river channel increases only for major flood events.

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Hashemi, H., R. Berndtsson, M. Kompani-Zare, and M. Persson. "Natural vs. artificial groundwater recharge, quantification through inverse modeling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 8 (August 24, 2012): 9767–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-9767-2012.

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Abstract. Estimating the change in groundwater recharge from an introduced artificial recharge system is important in order to evaluate future water availability. This paper presents an inverse modeling approach to quantify the recharge contribution from both an ephemeral river channel and an introduced artificial recharge system based on floodwater spreading in arid Iran. The study used the MODFLOW-2000 to estimate recharge for both steady and unsteady-state conditions. The model was calibrated and verified based on the observed hydraulic head in observation wells and model precision, uncertainty, and model sensitivity were analyzed in all modeling steps. The results showed that in a normal year without extreme events the floodwater spreading system is the main contributor to recharge with 80% and the ephemeral river channel with 20% of total recharge in the studied area. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the river channel recharge estimation represents relatively more uncertainty in comparison to the artificial recharge zones. The model is also less sensitive to the river channel. The results show that by expanding the artificial recharge system the recharge volume can be increased even for small flood events while the recharge through the river channel increases only for major flood events.

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Smith, Brennan, and Stuart Schwartz. "Automating Recession Curve Displacement Recharge Estimation." Groundwater 55, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12439.

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Blackie, J. R., H. A. Houghton-Carr, M. P. McCartney, and J. P. Moores. "Estimation of groundwater recharge on Jersey." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 130, no. 1 (1998): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1998.130.01.13.

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10

Kumar, C. P. "ESTIMATION OF NATURAL GROUND WATER RECHARGE." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 3, no. 1 (January 1997): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09715010.1997.10514603.

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11

Somaratne, N., and K. R. J. Smettem. "Theory of the generalized chloride mass balance method for recharge estimation in groundwater basins characterised by point and diffuse recharge." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2014): 307–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-307-2014.

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Abstract. Application of the conventional chloride mass balance (CMB) method to point recharge dominant groundwater basins can substantially under-estimate long-term average annual recharge by not accounting for the effects of localized surface water inputs. This is because the conventional CMB method ignores the duality of infiltration and recharge found in karstic systems, where point recharge can be a contributing factor. When point recharge is present in groundwater basins, recharge estimation is unsuccessful using the conventional CMB method with, either unsaturated zone chloride or groundwater chloride. In this paper we describe a generalized CMB that can be applied to groundwater basins with point recharge. Results from this generalized CMB are shown to be comparable with long-term recharge estimates obtained using the watertable fluctuation method, groundwater flow modelling and Darcy flow calculations. The generalized CMB method provides an alternative, reliable long-term recharge estimation method for groundwater basins characterised by both point and diffuse recharge.

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Ala-aho, P., P. M. Rossi, and B. Kløve. "Estimation of temporal and spatial variations in groundwater recharge in unconfined sand aquifers using Scots pine inventories." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 4 (April 23, 2015): 1961–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1961-2015.

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Abstract. Climate change and land use are rapidly changing the amount and temporal distribution of recharge in northern aquifers. This paper presents a novel method for distributing Monte Carlo simulations of 1-D sandy sediment profile spatially to estimate transient recharge in an unconfined esker aquifer. The modelling approach uses data-based estimates for the most important parameters controlling the total amount (canopy cover) and timing (thickness of the unsaturated zone) of groundwater recharge. Scots pine canopy was parameterized to leaf area index (LAI) using forestry inventory data. Uncertainty in the parameters controlling sediment hydraulic properties and evapotranspiration (ET) was carried over from the Monte Carlo runs to the final recharge estimates. Different mechanisms for lake, soil, and snow evaporation and transpiration were used in the model set-up. Finally, the model output was validated with independent recharge estimates using the water table fluctuation (WTF) method and baseflow estimation. The results indicated that LAI is important in controlling total recharge amount. Soil evaporation (SE) compensated for transpiration for areas with low LAI values, which may be significant in optimal management of forestry and recharge. Different forest management scenarios tested with the model showed differences in annual recharge of up to 100 mm. The uncertainty in recharge estimates arising from the simulation parameters was lower than the interannual variation caused by climate conditions. It proved important to take unsaturated thickness and vegetation cover into account when estimating spatially and temporally distributed recharge in sandy unconfined aquifers.

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C.P.Kumar, Gopal Krishan, and S.K.Verma. "NORMS FOR GROUNDWATER RESOURCE ESTIMATION IN INDIA." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i1.2019.341.

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The occurrence and movement of groundwater are controlled by various hydrogeological, hydrological and climatological factors. Reasonably accurate assessment of groundwater recharge and discharge components is not easy because no direct measurement techniques are presently available. Therefore, indirect methods are generally employed for assessment of groundwater resources. Groundwater is a dynamic and replenishable resource which is normally estimated based upon the annual groundwater recharge. It is subjected to withdrawal for various uses such as irrigation, domestic, industrial etc. This article presents the norms for various groundwater recharge components for estimation of groundwater resources in India.

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Barron, O. V., R. S. Crosbie, W. R. Dawes, S. P. Charles, T. Pickett, and M. J. Donn. "Climatic controls on diffuse groundwater recharge across Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 12 (December 4, 2012): 4557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4557-2012.

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Abstract. Reviews of field studies of groundwater recharge have attempted to investigate how climate characteristics control recharge, but due to a lack of data have not been able to draw any strong conclusions beyond that rainfall is the major determinant. This study has used numerical modelling for a range of Köppen-Geiger climate types (tropical, arid and temperate) to investigate the effect of climate variables on recharge for different soil and vegetation types. For the majority of climate types, the correlation between the modelled recharge and total annual rainfall is weaker than the correlation between recharge and the annual rainfall parameters reflecting rainfall intensity. Under similar soil and vegetation conditions for the same annual rainfall, annual recharge in regions with winter-dominated rainfall is greater than in regions with summer-dominated rainfall. The importance of climate parameters other than rainfall in recharge estimation is highest in the tropical climate type. Mean annual values of solar radiation and vapour pressure deficit show a greater importance in recharge estimation than mean annual values of the daily mean temperature. Climate parameters have the lowest relative importance in recharge estimation in the arid climate type (with cold winters) and the temperate climate type. For 75% of all soil, vegetation and climate types investigated, recharge elasticity varies between 2 and 4 indicating a 20% to 40% change in recharge for a 10% change in annual rainfall. Understanding how climate controls recharge under the observed historical climate allows more informed choices of analogue sites if they are to be used for climate change impact assessments.

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Ala-aho, P., P. M. Rossi, and B. Kløve. "Estimation of temporal and spatial variations in groundwater recharge in unconfined sand aquifers using Scots pine inventories." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 10, 2014): 7773–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-7773-2014.

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Abstract. Climate change and land use are rapidly changing the amount and temporal distribution of recharge in northern aquifers. This paper presents a novel method for distributing Monte Carlo simulations of 1-D soil profile spatially to estimate transient recharge in an unconfined esker aquifer. The modeling approach uses data-based estimates for the most important parameters controlling the total amount (canopy cover) and timing (depth of the unsaturated zone) of groundwater recharge. Scots pine canopy was parameterized to leaf area index (LAI) using forestry inventory data. Uncertainty in the parameters controlling soil hydraulic properties and evapotranspiration was carried over from the Monte Carlo runs to the final recharge estimates. Different mechanisms for lake, soil, and snow evaporation and transpiration were used in the model set-up. Finally, the model output was validated with independent recharge estimates using the water table fluctuation method and baseflow estimation. The results indicated that LAI is important in controlling total recharge amount, and the modeling approach successfully reduced model uncertainty by allocating the LAI parameter spatially in the model. Soil evaporation compensated for transpiration for areas with low LAI values, which may be significant in optimal management of forestry and recharge. Different forest management scenarios tested with the model showed differences in annual recharge of up to 100 mm. The uncertainty in recharge estimates arising from the simulation parameters was lower than the interannual variation caused by climate conditions. It proved important to take unsaturated depth and vegetation cover into account when estimating spatially and temporally distributed recharge in sandy unconfined aquifers.

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Santos, Ronaldo Medeiros dos, Sérgio Koide, Bruno Esteves Távora, and Daiana Lira de Araujo. "Abacus to Predict Groundwater Recharge at Non-Instrumented Hydrographic Basins." Water 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113090.

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One of the first steps to implement a policy for groundwater resources management is knowing the groundwater recharge. However, the unavailability of data and resources to execute field studies increase the uncertainty associated with the estimation of groundwater recharge. To fill this gap, the present work aimed to propose a method to predict groundwater recharge at non-instrumented hydrographic basins. The approach proposed is based on using an abacus to execute the transposition and/or regionalization of results generated in an experimental basin. The methodology comprised the estimation and mapping of recharge rates in the experimental basin using three distinct approaches—numerical modelling of the saturated zone, distributed hydrological modelling of the vadose zone, and the method of fluctuation of the water table elevation—and the following generation of the abacus, with average recharge values for combinations of soil class, land use/cover and slope using geographic information systems. The results indicate that the abacus is consistent for some Ferrasol areas, that the reliability of average regionalized values depends on the complexity of the physical environment—soil class, land use/cover, and slope—and that new studies, focusing on the hydro-physical characterization of soils, might produce more reliable estimations.

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Dripps, W. R., R. J. Hunt, and M. P. Anderson. "Estimating Recharge Rates with Analytic Element Models and Parameter Estimation." Ground Water 44, no. 1 Ground Water (January 2006): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00115.x.

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Mansour, Majdi, Denis Peach, Nick Robins, and Andrew Hughes. "Using a Distributed Recharge Model to Quantify Recharge Processes in a Semi-Arid Karst Catchment: An Example from Wadi Natuf, West Bank." Water 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020276.

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The Wadi Natuf catchment is situated to the west of the Palestinian capital city of Ramallah which is in the West Bank. The catchment has been instrumented since 2003 to identify and examine recharge processes in semi-arid upland karst terrain, in which both direct and indirect recharge are important. The key recharge processes are direct rainfall recharge, and indirect recharge via wadis including the lateral routing of potential recharge in the unsaturated zone to springs which supply the wadis. A conceptual model describing these processes was developed. A distributed recharge model was then employed to test this conceptual model and to calculate recharge. A semi-arid wetting threshold method, based on local field experiments was used for recharge estimation. The model was calibrated by comparing simulated wadi flows to those recorded during a relatively short historical event. The study demonstrates that short-term monitoring can enable a sensible validation of a conceptual model leading to the estimation of recharge. Confidence in the model simulation requires further field work to strengthen the understanding of processes taking place in semi-arid climates and karstic flow environments.

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Hussin, Nur Hayati, Ismail Yusoff, and May Raksmey. "Comparison of Applications to Evaluate Groundwater Recharge at Lower Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia." Geosciences 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080289.

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Groundwater has supported 70% of the water supply at the Lower Kelantan River Basin (LKRB) since the 1930s and demand for groundwater increases annually. Groundwater has been abstracted from shallow and deep aquifers. However, a comprehensive study on groundwater recharge estimation has never been reported. This study evaluated various methods to quantify recharge rate using chloride mass balance (CMB), water table fluctuation (WTF), temperature–depth profiles (TDP), and groundwater modelling coupled with water balance (GM(WB)). Recharge estimation using CMB, WTF, TDP, and GM(WB) showed high variability within 8% to 68% of annual rainfall. CMB is range from 16% to 68%, WTF 11% to 19%, TDP 8% to 11%, and GM(WB) 7% to 12% of annual rainfall, respectively. At 11%, recharge from GM(WB) was the best method for estimation because the model was constructed and calibrated using locally derived input parameters. GM(WB) is the only method involved with calibration and validation process to reduce the uncertainty. The WTF method based on long-term hydrological records gives a reasonable recharge value, in good agreement with GM(WB) and these methods can be paired to ensure the reliability of recharge value approximation in the same ranges. Applying various methods has given insight into methods selection to quantify recharge at LKRB and it is recommended that a lysimeter is installed as a direct method to estimate recharge.

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Andrade, Tafnes S., Suzana M. G. L. Montenegro, Abelardo A. de A. Montenegro, and Diogo F. B. Rodrigues. "Estimation of alluvial recharge in the semiarid." Engenharia Agrícola 34, no. 2 (April 2014): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162014000200003.

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In areas where there is irrigated agriculture, the recuperation of water reserves in alluvial aquifers may occur preferentially due to precipitation. Recharging can be evaluated from variation information of water depth measured in piezometers or observation wells. Thus, the aim of this research is to study the recharge in the alluvial aquifer formed by the Mimoso temporary stream in the semiarid region of Pernambuco (PE), Brazil, using the method of the fluctuation of the water level. This system is typical on the Brazilian Northeast semiarid region, using groundwater for domestic supply and for irrigation on small scale agriculture. Monthly potentiometric levels and rainfall data were used. The selected period for the study, from January 2002 to October 2009, involved extreme events of flooding and droughts as well as regular years, providing a better understanding of the behavior of the alluvial recharge. It was found that the system responds significantly to precipitation events. It was also observed that even with different soil textures in the study area, recharge factors were not significantly different. The study provided a better understanding of the behavior of aquifer recharge and its relationship with the soil and the rainfall events in the region.

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Cuthbert, M. O., and C. Tindimugaya. "The importance of preferential flow in controlling groundwater recharge in tropical Africa and implications for modelling the impact of climate change on groundwater resources." Journal of Water and Climate Change 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2010.040.

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An improved water table fluctuation technique for estimating recharge is applied to a sustained (10-year) groundwater level monitoring record in Uganda, a rare dataset for tropical Africa, and compared against results from soil moisture balance models (SMBMs) and unsaturated flow models. The results show that recharge is directly proportional to rainfall (long-term average rainfall is around 1200 mm/a), even during times when high soil moisture deficits are anticipated. This indicates that preferential and/or localized flow mechanisms dominate the recharge behaviour. SMBMs and unsaturated flow models, based on uniform flow governed by the Richards equation, are shown to be inappropriate for estimating recharge in this location underlain by lateritic soils. Given the large spatial coverage of lateritic soils both globally and in tropical Africa, and despite the convenience of physically based uniform flow models and, in particular, SMBMs, concern is raised over the use of such models for recharge estimation, and thus for exploring future trends due to climate or land use change, unless backed up by sufficient hydraulic data to enable the recharge processes to be confirmed. More research is needed to assess how widespread preferential flow may be within other major soil groups and climate zones.

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Jyrkama, Mikko I., Jon F. Sykes, and Stefano D. Normani. "Recharge Estimation for Transient Ground Water Modeling." Ground Water 40, no. 6 (November 2002): 638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02550.x.

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Leterme, B., D. Mallants, and D. Jacques. "Estimation of future groundwater recharge using climatic analogues and Hydrus-1D." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 1389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-1389-2012.

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Abstract. The impact of climate change on groundwater recharge is simulated using climatic analogue stations, i.e. stations presently under climatic conditions corresponding to a given climate state. The study was conducted in the context of a safety assessment of a future near-surface disposal facility for low and intermediate level short-lived radioactive waste in Belgium; this includes estimating groundwater recharge for the next millennia. Groundwater recharge was simulated using the Richard's based soil water balance model Hydrus-1D and meteorological time series from analogue stations. Water balance calculations showed that transition from a temperate oceanic to a warmer subtropical climate without rainfall seasonality is expected to yield a decrease in groundwater recharge (−12% for the chosen representative analogue station of Gijon, Northern Spain). Based on a time series of 24 yr of daily climate data, the long-term average annual recharge decreased from 314 to 276 mm, although total rainfall was higher (947 mm) in the warmer climate compared to the current temperate climate (899 mm). This is due to a higher soil evaporation (233 mm versus 206 mm) and higher plant transpiration (350 versus 285 mm) under the warmer climate.

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Raposo, J. R., J. Molinero, and J. Dafonte. "Parameterization and quantification of recharge in crystalline fractured bedrocks in Galicia-Costa (NW Spain)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2012): 1919–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-1919-2012.

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Abstract. Quantification of groundwater recharge in crystalline rocks presents great difficulties due to high heterogeneity. Traditionally these rocks have been considered with very low permeability, and their groundwater resources have been usually neglected, although they can have local importance when the bedrock presents a net of fractures well developed. Current European Water Framework Directive requires an efficient management of all groundwater resources, which begins with a proper knowledge of the aquifer and accurate recharge estimation. In this study, an assessment of groundwater resources in the Spanish hydrologic district of Galicia-Costa, with a geology mainly dominated by granitic and metasedimentaty rocks, was carried out. A water-balance modeling approach was used for estimating recharge rates in nine pilot catchments representatives of both geologic materials, and results were cross-validated with an independent technique as Chloride mass balance (CMB). A relation among groundwater recharge and total precipitation according to two different logistic curves was found for granites and metasedimentary rocks, which allows the parameterization of recharge by means of few hydrogeological parameters. Total groundwater resources in Galicia-Costa were estimated in 4427 Hm3 yr−1. An analysis of spatial and temporal variability of recharge was also carried out.

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Nitcheva, Olga, Borislav Milev, Tanya Trenkova, Nina Philipova, and Polya Dobreva. "Kamchia watershed groundwater recharge assessment by the CLM3 model." MATEC Web of Conferences 145 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814503011.

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Estimating groundwater recharge is an important part of the water resources evaluation. In spite of the numerous existing methods it continues to be not easy value to quantify. This is due to its dependence on many meteorological, hydrogeological, soil type and cover conditions and the impossibility for direct measurement. Employment of hydrological models in fact directly calculates the influence of the above cited natural factors. The Community Land Model (CLM3) being loaded with all land featuring data in global scale, including an adequate soil filtration process simulation by the Richards equation, together with the possibility for input of NCEP/NCAR Reanalyses database, featuring the meteorological effect, gives an opportunity to avoid to great extent the difficulties in groundwater (GW) recharge estimation. The paper presents the results from an experiment concerning GW recharge monthly estimation during 2013, worked out for the Kamchia river watershed in Bulgaria. The computed monthly and annual values are presented on GIS maps and are compared with existing assessments made by other methods. It is proved the good approach and the applicability of the method.

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Singh, Mamata, and D. P. Satapathy. "Rainfall-Runoff Estimation Using SCS-CN and GIS Approach in the Kuakhai Watershed of the Mahanadi Basin of Bhubaneswar Odisha." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 12 (June 11, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i12.30.

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Rainfall and runoff are significant constitute the source of water for recharge of ground water in the watershed. Rainfall is a major the primary source of recharge into the ground water. Other, substantial sources of recharge include seepage from tank, canals, streams and functional irrigation. Evaluation of water availability by understanding of rainfall and runoff is essential. Hydrometerological and hydrological data are an important role in the assessment of source water accessibility for planning and design of source water accessibility for planning and design of artificial recharge structures. The surface water resources are available in the watershed from runoff from rivers, streams and in surface water bodies. The total area of study is about 453.5km2, of which fall in kuakhai river basin so considered for runoff model assessment in a watershed is a precondition for the design of artificial recharge structures, reservoir and soil erosion control. Surface water resource planning and management is an important and critical issue in the hard rock regions. Runoff in a watershed affected by geomorphological factors, particularly, land use change affects the runoff volume and runoff rate significantly. In the present case study assumed to estimate the surface runoff from a catchment but one of the Curve Number methods is mostly used. The SCS-CN method is useful for calculation volume of runoff from the land surface meets in the river or streams. The proposed construction of artificial recharge structures can be thought of in the given study area. The output is useful for the watershed development and planning of water resources effectively. Rainfall and runoff are important components contributing significantly to the hydrological cycle, design of hydrological structures and morphology of the drainage system. Estimation of the same is carried out to determine and forecast its effects. Estimation of direct rainfall-runoff is always efficient but is not possible for most of the location in desired time. Use of remote sensing and GIS technology can be useful to overcome the problem in conventional methods for estimating runoff. In this paper, modified Soil Conservation System (SCS) CN method is used for runoff estimation that considers parameter like slope, vegetation cover, area of watershed.

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Roshni, Thendiyath, Jesu V. Nayahi, Madan K. Jha, Mandal Nehar, Choudhary Sourav, and Pawan S. Wable. "Clustering of Groundwater Wells and Spatial Variation of Groundwater Recharge in Sina Basin, India." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 17, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw200046.

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A spatial and temporal analysis of groundwater levels, topography, and precipitation is required to properly manage the groundwater resource. The present paper explains it in two parts: (1) spatial analysis of groundwater levels and selection of suitable clustering approach for selection of representative wells and (2) spatial and temporal variations of groundwater recharge calculated by three numerical models: Chaturvedi model, Amritsar model and ERAS model. Four clustering techniques including K-Means clustering algorithm, Hierarchical clustering technique, canopy and expectation maximisation (EM) were used for the clustering of groundwater levels. Among these, the canopy technique presents more reliable results compared to the other techniques for the spatial analysis of groundwater levels and the formation of representative wells in the Sina basin. For the groundwater recharge estimation, Chaturvedi model and ERAS model values were found very close. The recharge values show consistency with the precipitation data and found that 15% of precipitation contributes to annual groundwater recharge. Spatio-temporal variation of groundwater recharge correlated with precipitation is also carried out for the selected basin. The results show a drastic decline in the groundwater recharge from the year 1990 to 2008. An empirical expression is also developed for groundwater recharge estimation in terms of groundwater level. This provides regional scale information about the basin and helps to understand the groundwater exploitation scenario for instance.

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Purnomo, Sanidhya Nika, and Wei Cheng Lo. "Estimation of Groundwater Recharge in Semarang City, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 982 (December 18, 2020): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/982/1/012035.

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29

KORKMAZ, NURI. "The estimation of groundwater recharge from spring hydrographs." Hydrological Sciences Journal 35, no. 2 (April 1990): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626669009492419.

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30

Yeh, Hsin-Fu, Cheng-Haw Lee, Jin-Fa Chen, and Wei-Ping Chen. "Estimation of groundwater recharge using water balance model." Water Resources 34, no. 2 (April 2007): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0097807807020054.

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31

Rushton, K. R., V. H. M. Eilers, and R. C. Carter. "Improved soil moisture balance methodology for recharge estimation." Journal of Hydrology 318, no. 1-4 (March 2006): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.06.022.

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32

Zhu, Ruirui, Barry F. W. Croke, and Anthony J. Jakeman. "Diffuse groundwater recharge estimation confronting hydrological modelling uncertainty." Journal of Hydrology 584 (May 2020): 124642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124642.

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Iacurto, Silvia, Gerardo Grelle, Francesco Maria De Filippi, and Giuseppe Sappa. "Karst Recharge Areas Identified by Combined Application of Isotopes and Hydrogeological Budget." Water 13, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13141965.

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The identification of recharge areas in karst aquifers allows us to perform sustainable management of these groundwater resources. Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) have been largely used to provide information about recharge elevation in many mountainous regions. In this paper, an improved version of a recent “isotope-driven model”, for the identification of recharge areas, was applied to Capodacqua di Spigno Spring (south of the Latium region). The model upgrade consists of a preliminary check procedure to estimate the degree of influence of the rainfall’s isotopic variability on the spring water. This additional procedure gives us an indication of the reliability of the model and its applicability conditions. Moreover, the dataset of the spring was updated to analyze the degree of reliability of the isotope-driven model. The purpose of this study was to combine the previously mentioned isotope-driven model with hydrogeological tools. A quantitative study of the basin, based on the estimation of the average monthly infiltration volume, was performed by using the inverse hydrogeological water budget. In this way, the qualitative model for the recharge areas’ estimation was validated by a quantitative hydrogeological tool. Both models show that, for karst mountain basins, the recharge areas decrease as the average recharge elevations increase, including areas at high altitudes.

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Hussien, Abdelwassie, Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes, Miruts Hagos, Gebremedhin Berhane, Kassa Amare, and Gebremedhin Berhe Zenebe. "High-resolution Data Based Groundwater Recharge Estimations of Aynalem Well Field." Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science 13, no. 1 (August 15, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v13i1.1.

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Due to the ever-increasing demand for water in Aynalem catchment and its surrounding, there has been an increased pressure on the Aynalem well field putting the sustainability of water supply from the aquifer under continuous threat. Thus, it is vital to understand the water balance of the catchment to ensure sustainable utilization of the groundwater resource. This in turn requires proper quantification of the components of water balance among which recharge estimation is the most important. This paper estimates the groundwater recharge of the Aynalem catchment using high-resolution hydro-meteorological data. Daily precipitation and temperature measurement data for years 2001-2018; groundwater level fluctuation records collected at every 30 minutes; and soil and land use maps were used to make recharge estimations. In the groundwater level fluctuation, three boreholes were monitored, but only two were utilized for the analysis because the third was under operation and does not represent the natural hydrologic condition. Thornthwaite soil moisture balance and groundwater level fluctuation methods were applied to determine the groundwater recharge of the Aynalem catchment. Accordingly, the annual rate of groundwater recharge estimated based on the soil-water balance ranges between 7mm/year and 138.5 mm/year with the weighted average value of 89.04 mm/year. The weighted average value is considered to represent the catchment value because the diverse soil and land use/cover types respond differently to allow the precipitation to recharge the groundwater. On the other hand, the groundwater recharge estimated using the groundwater level fluctuation method showed yearly groundwater recharge of 91 to 93 mm/year. The similarity in the groundwater recharge result obtained from both methods strengthens the acceptability of the estimate. It also points out that the previously reported estimate is much lower (36 to 66 mm/year).

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Raposo, J. R., J. Molinero, and J. Dafonte. "Parameterization and quantification of recharge in crystalline fractured bedrocks in Galicia-Costa (NW Spain)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 15, 2012): 1667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1667-2012.

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Abstract. Quantifying groundwater recharge in crystalline rocks presents great difficulties due to the high heterogeneity of the underground medium (mainly, due to heterogeneity in fracture network, which determines hydraulic parameters of the bedrock like hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity). Traditionally these rocks have been considered to have very low permeability, and their groundwater resources have usually been neglected; however, they can be of local importance when the bedrock presents a net of well-developed fractures. The current European Water Framework Directive requires an efficient management of all groundwater resources; this begins with a proper knowledge of the aquifer and accurate recharge estimation. In this study, an assessment of groundwater resources in the Spanish hydrologic district of Galicia-Costa, dominated by granitic and metasedimentary rocks, was carried out. A water-balance modeling approach was used for estimating recharge rates in nine pilot catchments representatives of both geologic materials. These results were cross-validated with an independent technique, i.e. the chloride mass balance (CMB). A relation among groundwater recharge and annual precipitation according to two different logistic curves was found for both granites and metasedimentary rocks, thus allowing the parameterization of recharge by means of only a few hydrogeological parameters. Total groundwater resources in Galicia-Costa were estimated to be 4427 hm3 yr−1. An analysis of spatial and temporal variability of recharge was also carried out.

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36

Mahmud, K., G. Mariethoz, A. Baker, P. C. Treble, M. Markowska, and E. McGuire. "Estimation of deep infiltration in unsaturated limestone environments using cave lidar and drip count data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 20, 2016): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-359-2016.

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Abstract. Limestone aeolianites constitute karstic aquifers covering much of the western and southern Australian coastal fringe. They are a key groundwater resource for a range of industries such as winery and tourism, and provide important ecosystem services such as habitat for stygofauna. Moreover, recharge estimation is important for understanding the water cycle, for contaminant transport, for water management, and for stalagmite-based paleoclimate reconstructions. Caves offer a natural inception point to observe both the long-term groundwater recharge and the preferential movement of water through the unsaturated zone of such limestone. With the availability of automated drip rate logging systems and remote sensing techniques, it is now possible to deploy the combination of these methods for larger-scale studies of infiltration processes within a cave. In this study, we utilize a spatial survey of automated cave drip monitoring in two large chambers of Golgotha Cave, south-western Western Australia (SWWA), with the aim of better understanding infiltration water movement and the relationship between infiltration, stalactite morphology, and unsaturated zone recharge. By applying morphological analysis of ceiling features from Terrestrial LiDAR (T-LiDAR) data, coupled with drip time series and climate data from 2012 to 2014, we demonstrate the nature of the relationships between infiltration through fractures in the limestone and unsaturated zone recharge. Similarities between drip rate time series are interpreted in terms of flow patterns, cave chamber morphology, and lithology. Moreover, we develop a new technique to estimate recharge in large-scale caves, engaging flow classification to determine the cave ceiling area covered by each flow category and drip data for the entire observation period, to calculate the total volume of cave discharge. This new technique can be applied to other cave sites to identify highly focussed areas of recharge and can help to better estimate the total recharge volume.

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37

Mahmud, K., G. Mariethoz, A. Baker, P. C. Treble, M. Markowska, and E. McGuire. "Estimation of deep infiltration in unsaturated limestone environments using cave LiDAR and drip count data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 9 (September 2, 2015): 8891–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-8891-2015.

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Abstract. Limestone aeolianites constitute karstic aquifers covering much of the western and southern Australian coastal fringe. They are a key groundwater resource for a range of industries such as winery and tourism, and provide important ecosystem services such as habitat for stygofauna. Moreover, recharge estimation is important for understanding the water cycle, for contaminant transport, for water management and for stalagmite-based paleoclimate reconstructions. Caves offer a natural inception point to observe both the long-term groundwater recharge and the preferential movement of water through the unsaturated zone of such limestone. With the availability of automated drip rate logging systems and remote sensing techniques, it is now possible to deploy the combination of these methods for larger scale studies of infiltration processes within a cave. In this study, we utilize a spatial survey of automated cave drip monitoring in two large chambers of the Golgotha Cave, South-West Western Australia (SWWA), with the aim of better understanding infiltration water movement and the relationship between infiltration, stalactite morphology and unsaturated zone recharge. By applying morphological analysis of ceiling features from Terrestrial LiDAR (T-LiDAR) data, coupled with drip time series and climate data from 2012–2014, we demonstrate the nature of the relationships between infiltration through fractures in the limestone and unsaturated zone recharge. Similarities between drip-rate time series are interpreted in terms of flow patterns, cave chamber morphology and lithology. Moreover, we develop a new technique to estimate recharge in large scale caves, engaging flow classification to determine the cave ceiling area covered by each flow category and drip data for the entire observation period, to calculate the total volume of cave discharge. This new technique can be applied to other cave sites to identify highly focused areas of recharge and can help to better estimate the total recharge volume.

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38

Ries, F., J. Lange, S. Schmidt, H. Puhlmann, and M. Sauter. "Recharge estimation and soil moisture dynamics in a Mediterranean karst aquifer." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 28, 2014): 8803–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-8803-2014.

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Abstract. Knowledge of soil moisture dynamics in the unsaturated soil zone provides valuable information on the temporal and spatial variability of groundwater recharge. This is especially true for the Mediterranean region, where a substantial fraction of long-term groundwater recharge is expected to occur during high magnitude precipitation events of above-average wet winters. To elucidate process understanding of infiltration processes during these extreme events, a monitoring network of precipitation gauges, meteorological stations, and soil moisture plots was installed in an area with a steep climatic gradient in the Jordan Valley region. In three soil moisture plots, Hydrus-1D was used to simulate water movement in the unsaturated soil zone with soil hydraulic parameters estimated by the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis algorithm. To generalize our results, we modified soil depth and rainfall input to simulate the effect of the pronounced climatic gradient and soil depth variability on percolation fluxes and applied the calibrated model to a time series with 62 years of meteorological data. Soil moisture measurements showed a pronounced seasonality and suggested rapid infiltration during heavy rainstorms. Hydrus-1D successfully simulated short and long-term soil moisture patterns, with the majority of simulated deep percolation occurring during a few intensive rainfall events. Temperature drops in a nearby groundwater well were observed synchronously with simulated percolation pulses, indicating rapid groundwater recharge mechanisms. The 62 year model run yielded annual percolation fluxes of up to 66% of precipitation depths during wet years and of 0% during dry years. Furthermore, a dependence of recharge on the temporal rainfall distribution could be shown. Strong correlations between depth of recharge and soil depth were also observed.

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39

Guerrero-Martínez, Lilia, Martín Hernández-Marín, and Thomas J. Burbey. "Estimation of natural groundwater recharge in the Aguascalientes semiarid valley, Mexico." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 35, no. 3 (November 22, 2018): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2018.2.1022.

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Groundwater recharge (GWR) is analyzed and evaluated within the Aguascalientes Valley by means of a modified linearized Boussinesq equation and the Water Table Fluctuations (WTF) technique. These techniques use the specific yield, water table variations and the subsurface drainage of groundwater. The methodology is applied to the semiarid Aguascalientes valley, which contains a thick vadose zone. The combination of the analytical solution based on the Boussinesq equation and the WTF technique, allows the method to be applied in areas with deep groundwater levels, such as the Aguascalientes valley, without the need for high temporal resolution data. The data for the application of the method were provided by various government agencies and includes information on 145 wells positioned within the valley during the period 1985-2015. The specific yield and the transmissivity were integrated from the results of two previous investigations. Results indicate that the variation of recharge ranges from 0.86 to 525.69 mm/year in the analyzed period, with the highest recharge rates occurring in the north and center parts of the valley and is likely attributed to high specific yield and vertical hydraulic conductivity due to the presence of coarse permeable soils present in the area. Conversely, the lowest recharge rates were found to occur near the north and south borders of the valley.

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40

Walker, Glen R., Dougal Currie, and Tony Smith. "Modelling Recharge from Irrigation Developments with a Perched Water Table and Deep Unsaturated Zone." Water 12, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12040944.

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Modelling of recharge under irrigation zones for input to groundwater modelling is important for assessment and management of environmental risks. Deep vadose zones, when coupled with perched water tables, affect the timing and magnitude of recharge. Despite the temporal and spatial complexities of irrigation areas; recharge in response to new developments can be modelled semi-analytically, with most outputs comparing well with numerical models. For parameter ranges relevant to the western Murray Basin in southern Australia, perching can reduce the magnitude of recharge relative to irrigation accessions and will cause significant time lags for changes to move through vadose zone. Recharge in the vicinity of existing developments was found to be similar to that far from existing developments. This allows superposition to be implemented spatially for new developments, thus simplifying estimation of recharge. Simplification is further aided by the use of exponential approximants for recharge responses from individual developments.

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41

Wang, Shih-Jung, Cheng-Haw Lee, Chen-Feng Yeh, Yong Fern Choo, and Hung-Wei Tseng. "Evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Recharge in Groundwater Regions in Taiwan." Water 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091153.

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Climate change can directly or indirectly influence groundwater resources. The mechanisms of this influence are complex and not easily quantified. Understanding the effect of climate change on groundwater systems can help governments adopt suitable strategies for water resources. The baseflow concept can be used to relate climate conditions to groundwater systems for assessing the climate change impact on groundwater resources. This study applies the stable baseflow concept to the estimation of the groundwater recharge in ten groundwater regions in Taiwan, under historical and climate scenario conditions. The recharge rates at the main river gauge stations in the groundwater regions were assessed using historical data. Regression equations between rainfall and groundwater recharge quantities were developed for the ten groundwater regions. The assessment results can be used for recharge evaluation in Taiwan. The climate change estimation results show that climate change would increase groundwater recharge by 32.6% or decrease it by 28.9% on average under the climate scenarios, with respect to the baseline quantity in Taiwan. The impact of climate change on groundwater systems may be positive. This study proposes a method for assessing the impact of climate change on groundwater systems. The assessment results provide important information for strategy development in groundwater resources management.

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42

Limbrick, K. J. "Estimating daily recharge to the Chalk aquifer of southern England – a simple methodology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2002): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-485-2002.

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Abstract. A simple, practical model for estimating daily recharge - as hydrologically effective rainfall (HER) - to the Chalk outcrop of southern England is presented. Daily meteorological observations are the only data requirements. The model was calibrated for a Chalk river, the Wey, in south Dorset. Six different root constant thresholds were used to estimate daily actual evapotranspiration (AET) rates for the river. The model was then used to calculate HER using the six estimates of AET. Daily mean flow was simulated using three different models: CAPTAIN, IHACRES and INCA. The six HER estimates provided independent model inputs. HER calculated using a root constant of 200mm proved suitable not only for the Wey, but also (via a validation exercise) for other rivers on the Chalk of southern England for riverflow simulations as well as the timing and magnitude of groundwater recharge. The results suggest that a root constant of 200mm is optimal for the Chalk outcrop of southern England. The model is particularly useful for studies where the application of more complex methods of recharge estimation is impractical. Keywords: Chalk aquifer, root constant, recharge, Hydrologically Effective Rainfall, model, riverflow, CAPTAIN, IHACRES, INCA, River Wey

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43

Erdal, D., and O. A. Cirpka. "Joint inference of groundwater–recharge and hydraulic–conductivity fields from head data using the ensemble Kalman filter." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 555–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-555-2016.

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Abstract. Regional groundwater flow strongly depends on groundwater recharge and hydraulic conductivity. Both are spatially variable fields, and their estimation is an ongoing topic in groundwater research and practice. In this study, we use the ensemble Kalman filter as an inversion method to jointly estimate spatially variable recharge and conductivity fields from head observations. The success of the approach strongly depends on the assumed prior knowledge. If the structural assumptions underlying the initial ensemble of the parameter fields are correct, both estimated fields resemble the true ones. However, erroneous prior knowledge may not be corrected by the head data. In the worst case, the estimated recharge field resembles the true conductivity field, resulting in a model that meets the observations but has very poor predictive power. The study exemplifies the importance of prior knowledge in the joint estimation of parameters from ambiguous measurements.

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44

Erdal, D., and O. A. Cirpka. "Joint inference of groundwater-recharge and hydraulic-conductivity fields from head data using the Ensemble-Kalman filter." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2015): 5565–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-5565-2015.

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Abstract. Regional groundwater flow strongly depends on groundwater recharge and hydraulic conductivity. Both are spatially variable fields, and their estimation is an ongoing topic in groundwater research and practice. In this study, we use the Ensemble Kalman filter as an inversion method to jointly estimate spatially variable recharge and conductivity fields from head observations. The success of the approach strongly depends on the assumed prior knowledge. If the structural assumptions underlying the initial ensemble of the parameter fields are correct, both estimated fields resemble the true ones. However, erroneous prior knowledge may not be corrected by the data. In the worst case, the estimated recharge field resembles the true conductivity field, resulting in a model that meets the observations but has very poor predictive power. The study exemplifies the importance of prior knowledge in the joint estimation of parameters from ambiguous measurements.

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45

Ries, F., J. Lange, S. Schmidt, H. Puhlmann, and M. Sauter. "Recharge estimation and soil moisture dynamics in a Mediterranean, semi-arid karst region." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 3 (March 20, 2015): 1439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1439-2015.

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Abstract. Knowledge of soil moisture dynamics in the unsaturated soil zone provides valuable information on the temporal and spatial variability of groundwater recharge. This is especially true for the Mediterranean region, where a substantial fraction of long-term groundwater recharge is expected to occur during high magnitude precipitation events of above-average wet winters. To elucidate process understanding of infiltration processes during these extreme events, a monitoring network of precipitation gauges, meteorological stations, and soil moisture plots was installed in an area with a steep climatic gradient in the Jordan Valley region. In three soil moisture plots, Hydrus-1D was used to simulate water movement in the unsaturated soil zone with soil hydraulic parameters estimated by the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis algorithm. To generalize our results, we modified soil depth and rainfall input to simulate the effect of the pronounced climatic gradient and soil depth variability on percolation fluxes and applied the calibrated model to a time series with 62 years of meteorological data. Soil moisture measurements showed a pronounced seasonality and suggested rapid infiltration during heavy rainstorms. Hydrus-1D successfully simulated short and long-term soil moisture patterns, with the majority of simulated deep percolation occurring during a few intensive rainfall events. Temperature drops in a nearby groundwater well were observed synchronously with simulated percolation pulses, indicating rapid groundwater recharge mechanisms. The 62-year model run yielded annual percolation fluxes of up to 66% of precipitation depths during wet years and of 0% during dry years. Furthermore, a dependence of recharge on the temporal rainfall distribution could be shown. Strong correlations between depth of recharge and soil depth were also observed.

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46

Sophocleous, Marios. "Groundwater recharge estimation and regionalization: the Great Bend Prairie of central Kansas and its recharge statistics." Journal of Hydrology 137, no. 1-4 (August 1992): 113–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90051-v.

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47

Al-Wagdany, Abdullah, and Mohammed Kiwan. "A Preliminary Estimation of Groundwater Recharge in Namman Basin." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences 21, no. 1 (2010): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/met.21-1.14.

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Kuruppath, Nimmi, A. Raviraj, Balaji Kannan, and K. M. Sellamuthu. "Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using Water Table Fluctuation Method." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 3404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.395.

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49

Ogden, Fred L., and Kerri Puckett. "ESTIMATION OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN THE POWDER RIVER BASIN." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2007, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr07010557.

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50

Holländer, Hartmut M., Zijian Wang, Kibreab A. Assefa, and Allan D. Woodbury. "Improved Recharge Estimation from Portable, Low-Cost Weather Stations." Groundwater 54, no. 2 (May 22, 2015): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12346.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Recharge estimation'

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