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1
Li, Wenliang, Qing Sun, Weiping Wang, Shisong Qu, Zhengxian Zhang, and Qiaoyi Xu. "Effective water quantity of multi-source water recharging aquifers in Yufuhe River based on groundwater and surface water semi-coupled modelling." Water Supply 19, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 2280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.109.
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Abstract With rapid urbanisation, a karst water recharge area of the Jinan spring catchment was damaged. Thus, managed aquifer recharge projects were built in the western Jinan spring catchment to protect the water supply of the spring. Yufuhe River was selected as the study area to compute the effective recharge rate into karst aquifers. This strong seepage zone has a large gradient and undergoes a specific hydrogeological condition in which two strata of a gravel layer and limestone change to three strata of gravel, impermeable clay shale and limestone at the open window of the karst aquifers. A hydraulic model called HEC-RAS was applied to simulate the river stage, and a numerical groundwater model called HYDRUS-3D was adopted to simulate the groundwater mound dynamics and estimate river flow seepage into the aquifers. The effective recharge rates are 64.9%, 65.2% and 68.1% when the buried depths of groundwater are 40, 30 and 25 m. An analysis of the electric conductivity, water table, temperature and water volume data found an effective recharge rate of 68.3%. Results of field monitoring confirmed the accuracy of the numerical simulation and showed that most of the recharged water in the study reach can be effectively recharged into the karst aquifers.
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Bouwer, Herman. "Issues in artificial recharge." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1996): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0696.
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Interest in artificial recharge with normal water and sewage effluent continues to increase. Issues discussed in this paper include recharge with infiltration basins, soil-aquifer treatment of sewage effluent, potable use of water from aquifers recharged with sewage effluent, nitrogen removal, pre-treatment of sewage effluent, disinfection, well recharge, clogging parameters, superchlorination, disinfection byproducts, vadose zone wells, seepage trenches, and constructed aquifers used as intermittent sand filters.
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Wu, Peipeng, Lijuan Zhang, Bin Chang, and Shuhong Wang. "Effects of Decaying Hydraulic Conductivity on the Groundwater Flow Processes in a Managed Aquifer Recharge Area in an Alluvial Fan." Water 13, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121649.
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Groundwater artificial recharge and medium characteristics represent the major factors in controlling the groundwater flow processes in managed aquifer recharge areas. According to the depositional features of alluvial fans, an analogous homogeneous phreatic sand tank aquifer and the corresponding inhomogeneous scale numerical models were established to investigate the groundwater flow under the combined influence of artificial recharge (human activities) and decaying hydraulic conductivity (medium characteristics). In this study, groundwater flow through a managed aquifer recharge area in an alluvial fan was analyzed under the conditions of decaying hydraulic conductivity (K) with depth or length from apex to apron. The results showed that groundwater flow processes induced by artificial recharge were significantly controlled by the increasing decay exponents of K. The decaying K with depth or length in alluvial fan areas expanded the degree of influence of artificial recharge on groundwater flow. With the increase of decay exponents, the flow directions gradually changed from a horizontal to vertical direction. Groundwater age and spatial variability could also be increased by the increasing decay exponents. The residence time distributions (RTDs) of ambient groundwater and artificially recharged water exhibited logarithmic, exponential, and power law behavior. Penetration depth and travel times of ambient groundwater flow could be affected by artificial recharge and decay exponents. Furthermore, with the increase of decay exponents, the thickness of the artificially recharged water lens and travel times of artificially recharged water were increased. These findings have important implications for the performance of managed aquifer recharge in alluvial fan areas as well as the importance of considering the gradual decrease of K with depth and length.
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Chiew, FHS, and TA Mcmahon. "Groundwater recharge from rainfall and irrigation in the campaspe river basin." Soil Research 29, no. 5 (1991): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9910651.
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Reliable estimates of groundwater recharge are required for effective evaluation of management options for salinity control and high water-tables in the Riverine Plain of south-eastern Australia. This paper provides a brief description of the integrated surface and groundwater modelling approach used to estimate regional recharge rates and presents the recharge rates estimated for the Campaspe River Basin. The integrated model is a powerful management tool as it can predict the relationship between rainfall, irrigation, recharge and rises in the water-table levels. The model predicted that approximately 15% of irrigation water recharges the shallow aquifer. Approximately 6% of rainfall contributes to recharge in the irrigated areas while 4 to 5% of rainfall becomes recharge in the dryland areas. Rainfall makes a greater contribution in the irrigation areas compared to the dryland areas because irrigation predisposes the soil to recharge from rainfall. The water-table levels in the irrigation areas are currently rising at approximately 0.14 m yr-1. This rate of rise will increase faster than the increase in irrigation applications.
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Pérez-Quezadas, Juan, Alejandra Cortés-Silva, María Del Rocío Salas-Ortega, Luis Araguás-Araguás, Pedro Morales-Puente, and Alejandro Carrillo-Chávez. "Evidencias hidrogeoquímicas e isotópicas sobre el origen del agua subterránea en la cuenca hidrográfica Río Actopan, Estado de Veracruz." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 34, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2017.1.467.
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Physical-chemical, chemical and isotopic data of spring water, groundwater and river water from the Actopan basin, central Veracruz were analyzed with the purpose of determining the origin and flow of groundwater. Spring water temperature between 9.6 °C and 18.3 °C, and low electrical conductivity (<150 µS/cm) suggest local recharge. Groundwater temperature of 38.2 °C and electrical conductivity of 1542 µS/cm, 48 mg/L of Cl–, y 721 mg/L of SO42– are associated to deep flow and rock-water interaction (limestone, dolomite, gypsum/anhydrite). Concentrations of NO3– > 10 mg/L allow the identification of anthropogenic sources. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope results fit reasonable well with the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL, δ2H = 8 δ18O + 10) indicating that their recharge derives from local precipitation. On the basis of the observed isotope gradient with altitude (Z), (δ18O = -2.1 (Z km) - 5.56), three main groups of groundwater have been identified: 1) Evaporated water related to the precipitation in the dry season; 2) water, located on the line defined for the regional isotopic gradient, recharged during the rainy season; and 3) water recharged at levels slightly higher than its theoretical value of recharge, showing a component of deep flow and recharge from river water in the coastal plain.
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Holland, K. L., S. D. Tyerman, L. J. Mensforth, and G. R. Walker. "Tree water sources over shallow, saline groundwater in the lower River Murray, south-eastern Australia: implications for groundwater recharge mechanisms." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 2 (2006): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05019.
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The decline of riparian vegetation in the lower River Murray, south-eastern Australia, is associated with a reduction in flooding frequency, extent and duration, and increased salt accumulation. The plant water sources of healthy Eucalyptus largiflorens trees growing over highly saline (>40 dS m–1) groundwater were investigated during summer when water deficit is greatest. The study found low-salinity soil water overlying highly saline groundwater at most sites. This deep soil water, rather than the saline groundwater, was identified as the plant water source at most sites. Stable isotopes of water and water potential measurements were used to infer how the deep soil water was recharged. The low-salinity, deep soil water was recharged in the following two ways: (1) vertically through the soil profile or via preferential flow paths by rainfall or flood waters or (2) horizontally by bank recharge from surface water on top of the saline groundwater. Vertical infiltration of rainfall and floodwaters through cracking clays was important for trees growing in small depressions, whereas infiltration of rainfall through sandy soils was important for trees growing at the break of slope. Bank recharge was important for trees growing within ∼50 m of permanent and ephemeral water bodies. The study has provided a better understanding of the spatial patterns of recharge at a scale relevant to riparian vegetation. This understanding is important for the management of floodplain vegetation growing in a saline, semi-arid environment.
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Dean, J. F., J. A. Webb, G. E. Jacobsen, R. Chisari, and P. E. Dresel. "A groundwater recharge perspective on locating tree plantations within low-rainfall catchments to limit water resource losses." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 2 (February 26, 2015): 1107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1107-2015.
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Abstract. Despite the many studies that consider the impacts of plantation forestry on groundwater recharge, and others that explore the spatial heterogeneity of recharge in low-rainfall regions, there is little marriage of the two subjects in forestry management guidelines and legislation. Here we carry out an in-depth analysis of the impact of reforestation on groundwater recharge in a low-rainfall (< 700 mm annually), high-evapotranspiration paired catchment characterized by ephemeral streams. Water table fluctuation (WTF) estimates of modern recharge indicate that little groundwater recharge occurs along the topographic highs of the catchments (average 18 mm yr−1); instead the steeper slopes in these areas direct runoff downslope to the lowland areas, where most recharge occurs (average 78 mm yr−1). Recharge estimates using the chloride mass balance (CMB) method were corrected by replacing the rainfall input Cl− value with that for streamflow, because most recharge occurs from infiltration of runoff through the streambed and adjacent low gradient slopes. The calculated CMB recharge values (average 10 mm yr−1) are lower than the WTF recharge values (average 47 mm yr−1), because they are representative of groundwater that was mostly recharged prior to European land clearance (> BP 200 years). The tree plantation has caused a progressive drawdown in groundwater levels due to tree water use; the decline is less in the upland areas. The results of this study show that spatial variations in recharge are important considerations for locating tree plantations. To conserve water resources for downstream users in low-rainfall, high-evapotranspiration regions, tree planting should be avoided in the dominant zone of recharge, i.e. the topographically low areas and along the drainage lines, and should be concentrated on the upper slopes, although this may negatively impact the economic viability of the plantation.
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Melo, Davi de Carvalho Diniz, Edson Wendland, and Rafael Chaves Guanabara. "Estimate of Groundwater Recharge Based on Water Balance in The Unsaturated Soil Zone." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 5 (October 2015): 1336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140740.
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ABSTRACT Groundwater management depends on the knowledge on recharge rates and water fluxes within aquifers. The recharge is one of the water cycle components most difficult to estimate. As a result, despite the chosen method, the estimates are subject to uncertainties that can be identified by means of comparison with other approaches. In this study, groundwater recharge estimates based on the water balance in the unsaturated zone is assessed. Firstly, the approach is evaluated by comparing the results with those of another method. Then, the estimates are used as inputs in a transient groundwater flow model in order to assess how the water table would respond to the obtained recharges rates compared to measured levels. The results suggest a good performance of the adopted approach and, despite some inherent limitations, it has advantages over other methods since the data required are easier to obtain.
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Toze, Simon, and Deborah Reed. "Microbial population changes during managed aquifer recharge (MAR)." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 1 (2009): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09033.
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Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a technique that can be used to capture and store water in aquifers under managed conditions for later recovery and use for specific purposes. There is a need to predict water quality changes during MAR, particularly when recycled water is used as the recharged water. An understanding of the interaction between the geochemistry of the aquifer and the microbial population dynamics in the groundwater is important for understanding any water quality changes. A study was undertaken to monitor the changes in the microbial population and link this to changes in the geochemistry. The results obtained showed that the recharge of recycled water to aquifers causes a change in microbial population structure which has direct links to corresponding changes in geochemistry.
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Maréchal, Jean-Christophe, Madjid Bouzit, Jean-Daniel Rinaudo, Fanny Moiroux, Jean-François Desprats, and Yvan Caballero. "Mapping Economic Feasibility of Managed Aquifer Recharge." Water 12, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030680.
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Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) constitutes a potential and promising solution to deal with several water management issues: water shortage, water level depletion, groundwater pollution, and saline water intrusion. Among others, the proper siting and cost evaluation of such a solution constitutes sources of uncertainty for the implementation of MAR schemes. In this study, we proposed a methodology for the assessment of the levelised cost of recharged water through an infiltration basin, including investment and operating costs. The method was implemented in a GIS-tool in order to build maps of levelised costs at the aquifer scale. The sensitivity analysis allows for the identification of the main natural characteristics (water quality and availability, etc.), technical (system life duration, recharge volume objective, etc.), and economic parameters (energy price, discount rate, etc.) that dominate the final cost estimate. The method was applied to a specific case study on an alluvial aquifer in Southern France. This new information on the economic feasibility of MAR scheme should be incorporated with more classical GIS-MCDA (relying on soil characteristics, aquifer storage capacity, land use, etc.) in order to properly site the system. Further information on financial and economic feedback from MAR implementation and research on the fate of recharged water are needed for a better benefits evaluation of this solution.
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Hernández, M., C. Magarzo, and B. Lemaire. "Degradation of emerging contaminants in reclaimed water through soil aquifer treatment (SAT)." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2012.016.
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Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is considered to be an alternative technique able to enhance recharged water quality for aquifer recharge purposes. It allows the reuse of treated wastewater, which usually contains some recalcitrant organic micropollutants such as pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This study reports the removal capacity for a selection of organic micropollutants during SAT and the characterisation of the recharge system for the interpretation of the data. The experiment was performed in Angerville (France), where the treated wastewater effluent of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is directly infiltrated through an excavated infiltration pond after biological treatment. The system was instrumented by installing piezometers downgradient of the infiltration pond, which were monitored, together with other reference points, and analysed for detailed interpretation. Results on the site characterisation allowed the quantification of the mixing proportion of the recharge water and groundwater and identification of the redox conditions encountered within the aquifer. With respect to the targeted micropollutants, results showed that they exhibited different behaviour during infiltration. Examples of atrazine, gemfibrozil and carbamazepine are discussed as a representation of the most characteristic patterns of organic contaminant fate after recharge.
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Sprenger, Matthias, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Jim Buttle, Hjalmar Laudon, and Chris Soulsby. "Water ages in the critical zone of long-term experimental sites in northern latitudes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 3965–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3965-2018.
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Abstract. As northern environments undergo intense changes due to a warming climate and altered land use practices, there is an urgent need for improved understanding of the impact of atmospheric forcing and vegetation on water storage and flux dynamics in the critical zone. We therefore assess the age dynamics of water stored in the upper 50 cm of soil, and in evaporation, transpiration, or recharge fluxes at four soil–vegetation units of podzolic soils in the northern latitudes with either heather or tree vegetation (Bruntland Burn in Scotland, Dorset in Canada, and Krycklan in Sweden). We derived the age dynamics with the physically based SWIS (Soil Water Isotope Simulator) model, which has been successfully used to simulate the hydrometric and isotopic dynamics in the upper 50 cm of soils at the study sites. The modelled subsurface was divided into interacting fast and slow flow domains. We tracked each day's infiltrated water through the critical zone and derived forward median travel times (which show how long the water takes to leave the soil via evaporation, transpiration, or recharge), and median water ages (to estimate the median age of water in soil storage or the evaporation, transpiration, and recharge fluxes). Resulting median travel times were time-variant, mainly governed by major recharge events during snowmelt in Dorset and Krycklan or during the wetter winter conditions in Bruntland Burn. Transpiration travel times were driven by the vegetation growth period with the longest travel times (200 days) for waters infiltrated in early dormancy and the shortest travel times during the vegetation period. However, long tails of the travel time distributions in evaporation and transpiration revealed that these fluxes comprised waters older than 100 days. At each study site, water ages of soil storage, evaporation, transpiration, and recharge were all inversely related to the storage volume of the critical zone: water ages generally decreased exponentially with increasing soil water storage. During wet periods, young soil waters were more likely to be evapotranspired and recharged than during drier periods. While the water in the slow flow domain showed long-term seasonal dynamics and generally old water ages, the water ages of the fast flow domain were generally younger and much flashier. Our results provide new insights into the mixing and transport processes of soil water in the upper layer of the critical zone, which is relevant for hydrological modelling at the plot to catchment scales as the common assumption of a well-mixed system in the subsurface holds for neither the evaporation, transpiration, or recharge.
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dos Santos, Ronaldo Medeiros, Sérgio Koide, Bruno Esteves Távora, and Daiana Lira de Araujo. "Groundwater Recharge in the Cerrado Biome, Brazil—A Multi-Method Study at Experimental Watershed Scale." Water 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010020.
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Groundwater recharge is a key hydrological process for integrated water resource management, as it recharges aquifers and maintains the baseflow of perennial rivers. In Brazil, the Cerrado biome is an important continental recharge zone, but information on rates and spatial distribution is still lacking for this country. The objective of this work was to characterize the groundwater recharge process in phreatic aquifers of the Cerrado biome. For this, an experimental watershed representative of the referred biome was established and intensively monitored. The methodology consisted of an inverse numerical modeling approach of the saturated zone and three classic methods of recharge evaluation—hydrological modeling, baseflow separation, and water table elevation. The results indicated average potential recharge around 35% of the annual precipitation, average effective recharge around 21%, and higher rates occurring in flat areas of Ferralsols covered with natural vegetation of the Cerrado biome. As the level of uncertainty inferred from the methods was high, these results were considered a first attempt and will be better evaluated by comparison with other methods not applied in this work, such as the lysimeter and chemical tracer methods.
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Ba, Jin Fu, Lu Cheng Zhan, and Bo Zhang. "Isotope Analysis on the Recharge Source of the Leakage Water behind the Right Dam of Suzhi Hydroelectric Station." Advanced Materials Research 1015 (August 2014): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1015.581.
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In order to find out the recharge source of the leakage water that appears behind the right dam of Suzhi hydroelectric station located in Qinghai province of China, water samples of the leakage water, groundwater in the seepage observation wells, reservoir water and local precipitation are taken for isotopic composition analysis. Stable isotopes of the leakage water behind the dam have significant differences with local precipitation, indicating that the leakage water should not be recharged by precipitation. Isotopes of water in the seepage observation wells and reservoir water scatter around the same evaporation line, which implies that well water comes from reservoir water recharge. Leakage water behind the dam probably originates from the leakage of reservoir water as the stable isotopes of leakage water approximate those of well water and reservoir water.
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Su, Xiaosi, Yaoxuan Chen, Hang Lyu, Yakun Shi, Yuyu Wan, and Yiwu Zhang. "Response of redox zonation to recharge in a riverbank filtration system: a case study of the Second Songhua river, NE China." Hydrology Research 51, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 1104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2020.108.
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Abstract Bank filtration induced by groundwater pumping results in redox zonation along the groundwater flow path. Besides the river water, recharge from other sources can change local redox conditions; therefore, redox zonation is likely to be complex within the riverbank filtration (RBF) system. In this study, hydrodynamics, hydrogeochemistry, and environmental stable isotopes were combined together to identify the redox conditions at an RBF site. The recharge characteristics and redox processes were revealed by monitoring the variations of water level, δ2H and δ18O, and redox indexes along shallow and deep flow paths. The results show that local groundwater is recharged from river, regional groundwater, and precipitation. The responses of redox zonation are sensitive to different sources. In the river water recharge zone near shore, O2, , Mn(IV), Fe(III), and are reduced in sequence, the ranges of each reaction are wider in deep groundwater because of the high-velocity deep flow. In the precipitation vertical recharge zone, precipitation intermittently drives O2, , and organic carbon to migrate through vadose zone, thereby decreasing the groundwater reducibility. In the regional groundwater lateral recharge zone in the depression cone, the reductive regional groundwater is continuously recharging local groundwater, leading to the cyclic reduction of Mn(IV) and Fe(III).
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Šanda, Martin, Tomáš Vitvar, and Jakub Jankovec. "Seasonal Subsurface Water Contributions to Baseflow in the Mountainous Uhlířská Catchment (Czech Republic)." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2018-0018.
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Abstract Nine years of seasonal δ18O values in precipitation, soilwater and groundwater were evaluated in the Uhlířská catchment between 2008 and 2016 and recharge winter/summer ratios were calculated using δ18O values. The longterm average 18O content in groundwater is lower than the mean weighted 18O content in precipitation. This is explained by more than 50% of winter- and snowmelt- induced groundwater recharge that occurs in all years except of 2010 and 2013. The recharge of the peat organic soil water is balanced between summer and winter, whereas the mineral hillslope soil is dominantly recharged by summer precipitation. The 67% portion of baseflow, dominantly generated in the winter season, is composed of groundwater and peat organic soil water, according to the hydrochemical distribution of runoff components. Isotopic mass balance of individual winters shows that precipitation in warmer winters is entirely transformed into outflow until the end of the winter season, generating no significant water storage for potential drought periods
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Zamora, Hector A., Christopher J. Eastoe, Jennifer C. McIntosh, and Karl W. Flessa. "Groundwater Origin and Dynamics on the Eastern Flank of the Colorado River Delta, Mexico." Hydrology 8, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8020080.
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Isotope data and major ion chemistry were used to identify aquifer recharge mechanisms and geochemical evolution of groundwaters along the US–Mexico border. Local recharge originates as precipitation and occurs during winter through preferential infiltration pathways along the base of the Gila Range. This groundwater is dominated by Na–Cl of meteoric origin and is highly concentrated due to the dissolution of soluble salts accumulated in the near-surface. The hydrochemical evolution of waters in the irrigated floodplain is controlled by Ca–Mg–Cl/Na–Cl-type Colorado River water. However, salinity is increased through evapotranspiration, precipitation of calcite, dissolution of accumulated soil salts, de-dolomitization, and exchange of aqueous Ca2+ for adsorbed Na+. The Na–Cl-dominated local recharge flows southwest from the Gila Range and mixes with the Ca–Mg–Cl/Na–Cl-dominated floodplain waters beneath the Yuma and San Luis Mesas. Low 3H suggests that recharge within the Yuma and San Luis Mesas occurred at least before the 1950s, and 14C data are consistent with bulk residence times up to 11,500 uncorrected 14C years before present. Either the flow system is not actively recharged, or recharge occurs at a significantly lower rate than what is being withdrawn, leading to aquifer overdraft and deterioration.
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Antoniou, Andreas, Frank Smits, and Pieter Stuyfzand. "Quality assessment of deep-well recharge applications in the Netherlands." Water Supply 17, no. 5 (March 16, 2017): 1201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.032.
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Artificial recharge of aquifers can be performed for various purposes and under varying hydrogeological conditions. We present an overview of deep-well recharge applications which have taken place in the Netherlands over the last two decades. We present the purpose of each application, the issues which had to be resolved, the preventive measures which were taken to improve performance and the lessons learned from each experience. Examples are given of applications which aimed at the storage of water for drinking and other purposes such as irrigation, achieving environmental goals and disposal of wastewater. Applications aiming at drinking water production usually faced issues related to the quality of the abstracted water not meeting drinking water standards with respect to various elements, such as iron, manganese and arsenic. Storage of water in brackish aquifers was complicated by buoyancy effects making part of the recharged water irrecoverable. Recharge of water with the purpose of recovering declined groundwater tables and fighting seawater intrusion was hindered by clogging of the injection well while the disposal of wastewater was limited to aquifers of lower groundwater quality.
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Salameh, Elias, Ghaida Abdallat, and Michael van der Valk. "Planning Considerations of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Projects in Jordan." Water 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020182.
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This work discussed the conditions for the successful implementation of managed aquifer recharge, with various case studies in Jordan. The motivation behind this study was that many managed aquifer projects have been implemented in Jordan without adequate studies and they have since failed. Examples from Jordan were provided to serve as an illustration of Middle Eastern and North African countries, with their semi-arid to arid climates and increasing demand for water. The methodology included the evaluation of the implemented managed aquifer projects in Jordan and whether they achieved success or failure in fulfilling the purposes of aquifer recharging, as well as to clarify the reasons for the failure or success. The results showed that a minimum level of study must be carried out before starting any artificial recharge projects, such as defining the aquifer parameters and the water quality evolution after recharge, in addition to understanding of the fate of the recharged water. Managed aquifer recharge can alleviate the impacts of climate change by making use of unused water, and in the case of Jordan, it can alleviate the implications of dropping groundwater levels.
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Neupane, Sharmila, Ananta Prasad Gajurel, Nir Shakya, Maartin Lupker, and Rabina Hada. "Assessment on connection between shallow and deep aquifers using isotope analysis of surface water and groundwater in Sunsari and Morang Districts." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 59 (July 25, 2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v59i0.24991.
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The Sunsari and the Morang Districts confine the eastern region of the Koshi River and are considered as a huge potential of groundwater zones. The study mainly focuses on the concept of delineation of recharge source of groundwater and connection between aquifer system through isotopic analysis. Altogether 33 samples are collected from surface and groundwater for the isotopic analysis. Majority of the samples of flowing artesian wells are encountered under the range of -7.03‰ to -6.53‰. The shallow aquifers fall under the range of -5.94‰. to -5.34‰ and deep aquifers fall over a wide range of -7.13 ‰. to -6.53‰ for δ18O. Clustering of samples from isotopic analysis gives idea of surface water and groundwater interconnection along with the recharge source identification. Isotopic variation of majority of samples ranges from -7.34‰ to -4.74‰ while depleted value for δ18O is -10.16‰ in shallow aquifer of Jamungachhi, which indicates that the recharge source is precipitation at higher elevation. The d excess (greater than 10‰) concluded that the aquifer system in the study area is complex and recharged from various sources. The range of enrichment is measured as 2.6‰< 1.96‰<1.87‰<1.55‰ for shallow aquifers, rivers, deep aquifers and flowing artesian well. The significant increase in coarse particle towards the northern part reveals the good aquifer sequence in the northern zone and proves the best recharge area. The overall aquifer system in the study area is complex and recharged from various sources. Most of the aquifers are recharged from the river sand precipitation at higher altitude.
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Serianz, Luka, Nina Rman, and Mihael Brenčič. "Hydrogeochemical Characterization of a Warm Spring System in a Carbonate Mountain Range of the Eastern Julian Alps, Slovenia." Water 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2020): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051427.
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The Alps represent an area where many deep groundwater circulations occur as thermal springs. In the Bled case study, the thermal water temperature, at it is discharged to the surface, is between 19–23 °C. In order to determine the extent (e.g., geometry) and the origin of the pronounced deep circulation system in the Bled area, chemical and isotopic measurements of waters from different hydrogeological systems were performed (e.g., surface water, thermal water, fresh groundwater). Hydrogeochemical methods were used to tie together the above-mentioned parameters. The results have shown that thermal outflow in Bled is determined by the presence of a deep-water circulation system, where the dissolution of carbonates minerals is the main hydrogeochemical process affecting chemical components of natural water flow. The correlation of the major ions suggests that the recharge area is represented by both limestone and dolomite rocks. Moreover, the results of δ18O and δ2H of all samples indicate that the recharge is mainly meteoric precipitation. The recharge altitude was estimated for two sampled fresh groundwater springs. The isotopic compositions of those two springs suggest the range from δ18O = −8.68‰, δ2H = −57.4‰ at an elevation of 629 m to δ18O = −9.30‰, δ2H = −60.1‰ at an elevation of 1216 m. The isotopic analysis has confirmed that the thermal water recharges from altitudes of 1282–1620 m a.s.l.
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Liu, Fan, Guanghui Jiang, Jia Wang, and Fang Guo. "The Recharge Process and Influencing Meteorological Parameters Indicated by Cave Pool Hydrology in the Bare Karst Mountainous Area." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041766.
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Understanding the recharge and runoff processes of the vadose zone is significant for water resource management and utilization in karst mountain areas. Hydrological modeling of the vadose zone in karst caves has provided new methods of evaluating water resources in vadose zones. This paper provides modeling of vadose zone hydrology in a subtropical karst cave. The monitoring was conducted in Yuanyang Cave, Fengshan County, Guangxi Province, Southwest China. By monitoring the water level of a pool recharged by drop water in a cave, a model was established to calculate the natural leakage from the bottom and the infiltrated recharge from the vadose zone above. Combined with meteorological data records, the occurrence of recharge events in the vadose zone was analyzed. The correlation between them was established by multiple linear regression. The results showed that the infiltration ratio of precipitation was 20.88%. Recent rainfall of 4–7 days had shown a greater impact on recharge events than that of 3 days. The effect of evaporation was significant. The regression model in the cave pool was used to understand the hydrological process of the vadose zone, which provided a useful method for water resource management and evaluation in the remote karst mountain area.
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Lucianetti, Giorgia, Daniele Penna, Lucia Mastrorillo, and Roberto Mazza. "The Role of Snowmelt on the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Spring Recharge in a Dolomitic Mountain Group, Italian Alps." Water 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082256.
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Springs play a key role in the hydrology of mountain catchments and their water supply has a considerable impact on regional livelihood, biodiversity, tourism, and power generation. However, there is still limited knowledge of how rain and snow contribute to the recharge of Alpine springs. This study presents a four-year investigation of stable isotopes in precipitation and spring water at the scale of a 240 km2 wide dolomitic massif (Dolomites, Italian Alps) with the aim of determining the proportions of snowmelt and rain in spring water and to provide insights on the variability of these contributions in space and time. Four precipitation sampling devices were installed along a strong elevation gradient (from 725 to 2660 m a.s.l.) and nine major springs were monitored seasonally. The monitoring period comprised three extreme weather conditions, i.e., an exceptional snowpack melting period following the highest snowfall in 30 years, an intense precipitation event (386.4 mm of rain in 48 h), and one of the driest periods ever observed in the region. Isotope-based mixing analysis revealed that rain and snowmelt contributions to spring water were noticeably variable, with two main recharge time windows: a late spring–summer snowmelt recharge period with an average snowmelt fraction in spring water up to 94 ± 9%, and a late autumn–early winter period with a rain fraction in spring water up to 68 ± 17%. Overall, during the monitoring period, snowmelt produced high-flow conditions and sustained baseflow more than rain. We argue that the seasonal variability of the snowmelt and rain fractions during the monitoring period reflects the relatively rapid and climate-dependent storage processes occurring in the aquifer. Our results also showed that snowmelt fractions in spring water vary in space around the mountain group as a function of the elevation of their recharge areas. High-altitude recharge areas, above 2500 m a.s.l., are characterized by a predominance of the snowmelt fraction (72% ± 29%) over the rain contribution. Recharge altitudes of approximately 2400 m a.s.l. also show a snow predominance (65 ± 31%), while springs recharged below 2000 m a.s.l. are recharged mostly from rain (snowmelt fraction of 46 ± 26%). Results from this study may be used to develop more accurate water management strategies in mountain catchments and to cope with future climate-change predictions that indicate a decline in the snow volume and duration in Alpine regions.
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Ghaffar, Abdul, Tehmina Tariq, Azhar Mashiatullah, and Syeda Maria Ali. "Hydrological and environment tritium investigation to evaluate groundwater in capital territory of Pakistan." Water Supply 17, no. 2 (September 20, 2016): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.149.
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The capital territory of Pakistan constitutes twin cities, Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Islamabad is the capital city, located at the foot of the Margallah Hills, whereas Rawalpindi lies in the Potohar Plateau. Both cities are located in the semi-arid region of Pakistan, where the residents meet their basic need of water through groundwater resources. For the last many years, the quantity and quality of groundwater in these cities has been deteriorating very rapidly. In this study, the foremost recharge source for these cities was identified using tritium and major ion chemistry, and different physiochemical parameters were studied to find out the facts behind the quality deterioration of the groundwater. Tritium values and chemical data suggested that aquifers located in the territory of Islamabad were mainly recharged by upland areas (the Margalla Hills), which accounts for their low electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids contents. A higher sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) suggested an alteration in recharge patterns through soil compaction and cementation (from increased construction activity) that reduced the recharge inputs. The high SAR also disturbs the recharge pattern and had disturbed the natural equilibrium of the groundwater system, deteriorating the quality of the water.
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Surintanasarn, Atikom, Krisana Siralertmukul, and Niyom Thamrongananskul. "Fluoride Recharge Ability of Resin-Based Pit and Fissure Sealant with Synthesized Mesoporous Silica Filler." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.586.
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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of active filler in resin-based pit and fissure sealant on fluoride release and recharge abilities. Mesoporous silica was synthesized from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) using sol-gel method. Resin-based sealant was incorporated with 5% w/w of filler (<45 μm): synthesized mesoporous silica (S), calcium carbonate (C), and fluoro-alumino silicate glass (F). Resin-based sealant without filler added was the control. Ten specimens of each group were separately stored in 3 mL of deionized water and the fluoride concentration, before and after fluoride recharge, were measured every 3 days (from day 3 to day 27). Fluoride release before recharge was only found in F (0.1024±0.0077 ppm) and then gradually decreased to baseline. After two recharges, the highest fluoride release was found in S (0.0804±0.0095 ppm after first recharge and 0.0601±0.0092 after second recharge), followed by F (0.0386±0.0024 ppm after first recharge and 0.0313±0.0027 ppm after second recharge), and then decreased to baseline. Fluoride recharge was not found in C and control. This result suggested that resin-based pit and fissure sealant containing synthesized mesoporous silica filler has fluoride recharge ability which might prevent secondary caries at material-enamel interface.
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Heviánková, Silvie, Marian Marschalko, Jitka Chromíková, Miroslav Kyncl, and Michal Korabík. "Artificial Ground Water Recharge with Surface Water." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44 (October 2016): 022036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/44/2/022036.
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Lerner, David N. "Leaking Pipes Recharge Ground Water." Ground Water 24, no. 5 (September 1986): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb03714.x.
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Johnson, Ivan. "Artificial recharge of ground water." Environmental Geology and Water Sciences 14, no. 3 (November 1989): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01705125.
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Daryana, Thakur Das. "Restoring Natural River Flows, Through Optimal Ground WaterRecharge and Improved Drainage Prevention of Pollution in Rivers." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 10, no. 02 (December 25, 2018): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v10i02.6.
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Prevention of pollution in rivers and water bodies involves proper treatment of the sewage, drainage and other liquid effluents joining the river streams,as well as maintaining the natural river flows which have been diminishing due to the excessive drawl of river stream waters for the purpose of drinking water schemes, irrigation and some industrial uses, where ground water could be used, if available. Sub-soil ground water levels have also been going down on account of the excessive population growth in the last six decades, resulting into more and more dependence on river waters. This situation needs to be changed by enhancing the rain water harvesting and ground water recharge volumes with innovative and special measures so as to return to minimum drawl of river waters for drinking and other uses. The proposed measures could be summarized as follows. (i) Restoring Natural River Flows would involve (a) Reducing the surface water Drawl to a minimum. (b) Optimal Utilization of Ground Water for Drinking Water Supply, Irrigation and other uses. (c) Enhancing River Flows through improved surface drainage. (ii) Synchronized Water Supply and Precipitation Storage-cum- Recharge Systems in Water Scarcity areas. (a) Water Supply Schemes equipped with simultaneous rain water harvesting structures. (iii) Optimal Ground Water Recharge and Improved Drainage by innovative and special methods such as (a) Optimal Ground Water Recharge through Village Ponds, equipped with precipitation overflow diversion and recharge system. (b) Waste Water Drainage Treatment at discharge points before outfall into rivers.
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Yuan, Ruiqiang, Shiqin Wang, Lihu Yang, Jianrong Liu, Peng Wang, and Xianfang Song. "Hydrologic processes of groundwater in a small monsoon-influenced mountainous watershed." Hydrology Research 49, no. 6 (June 22, 2018): 2016–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2018.030.
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Abstract Mountain block recharge is the least well quantified owing to the lack of a thorough understanding of mountain block hydrological processes. Observations of spatio-temporal variations of groundwater were employed to clarify hydrologic processes in a semi-arid mountainous watershed of northern China. Results showed that the annual feeding rate of precipitation changed between 21% and 40%. However, infiltration of precipitation was mainly drained as interflow on slopes and recharged into the mountain valley as focused recharge. As a result, the mean correlation coefficient between precipitation and groundwater level was only 0.20 and seasonal variations were reduced. Mountain slope is essentially impermeable with no bedrock percolation under arid circumstances. Only a bedrock percolation event occurred after multiple closely-spaced heavy rains during the four-year observation, which induced a local rapid ascending of the water table and an enhanced lateral recharge from upgradient watersheds. The influence of the enhanced lateral recharge lasted three years, suggesting a huge groundwater catchment overcoming local watershed divides in mountain blocks. The average of the gradual recession of the water table was 5.1 mm/d with a maximum of 11.4 mm/d in the beginning stage. Both interflow and bedrock percolation are important. Our results highlight the changeability of hydrologic processes in mountain watersheds.
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B�ckelmann, Uta, Hans-Henno D�rries, M. Neus Ayuso-Gabella, Miquel Salgot de Mar�ay, Valter Tandoi, Caterina Levantesi, Costantino Masciopinto, et al. "Quantitative PCR Monitoring of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Bacterial Pathogens in Three European Artificial Groundwater Recharge Systems." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 1 (November 14, 2008): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01649-08.
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ABSTRACT Aquifer recharge presents advantages for integrated water management in the anthropic cycle, namely, advanced treatment of reclaimed water and additional dilution of pollutants due to mixing with natural groundwater. Nevertheless, this practice represents a health and environmental hazard because of the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and chemical contaminants. To assess the quality of water extracted from recharged aquifers, the groundwater recharge systems in Torreele, Belgium, Sabadell, Spain, and Nard�, Italy, were investigated for fecal-contamination indicators, bacterial pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes over the period of 1 year. Real-time quantitative PCR assays for Helicobacter pylori, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, human pathogens with long-time survival capacity in water, and for the resistance genes ermB, mecA, blaSHV-5, ampC, tetO, and vanA were adapted or developed for water samples differing in pollutant content. The resistance genes and pathogen concentrations were determined at five or six sampling points for each recharge system. In drinking and irrigation water, none of the pathogens were detected. tetO and ermB were found frequently in reclaimed water from Sabadell and Nard�. mecA was detected only once in reclaimed water from Sabadell. The three aquifer recharge systems demonstrated different capacities for removal of fecal contaminators and antibiotic resistance genes. Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis in the Torreele plant proved to be very efficient barriers for the elimination of both contaminant types, whereas aquifer passage followed by UV treatment and chlorination at Sabadell and the fractured and permeable aquifer at Nard� posed only partial barriers for bacterial contaminants.
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Page, Declan, Elise Bekele, Joanne Vanderzalm, and Jatinder Sidhu. "Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in Sustainable Urban Water Management." Water 10, no. 3 (February 26, 2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10030239.
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To meet increasing urban water requirements in a sustainable way, there is a need to diversify future sources of supply and storage. However, to date, there has been a lag in the uptake of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) for diversifying water sources in urban areas. This study draws on examples of the use of MAR as an approach to support sustainable urban water management. Recharged water may be sourced from a variety of sources and in urban centers, MAR provides a means to recycle underutilized urban storm water and treated wastewater to maximize their water resource potential and to minimize any detrimental effects associated with their disposal. The number, diversity and scale of urban MAR projects is growing internationally due to water shortages, fewer available dam sites, high evaporative losses from surface storages, and lower costs compared with alternatives where the conditions are favorable, including water treatment. Water quality improvements during aquifer storage are increasingly being documented at demonstration sites and more recently, full-scale operational urban schemes. This growing body of knowledge allows more confidence in understanding the potential role of aquifers in water treatment for regulators. In urban areas, confined aquifers provide better protection for waters recharged via wells to supplement potable water supplies. However, unconfined aquifers may generally be used for nonpotable purposes to substitute for municipal water supplies and, in some cases, provide adequate protection for recovery as potable water. The barriers to MAR adoption as part of sustainable urban water management include lack of awareness of recent developments and a lack of transparency in costs, but most importantly the often fragmented nature of urban water resources and environmental management.
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Page, Declan, and Simon Toze. "Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for water re-use via aquifers." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 1 (2009): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09020.
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Worldwide, there is an increasing interest in the recharge of aquifers as a method for augmenting urban water supplies. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can utilise a variety of non-traditional source waters including urban stormwater and reclaimed water from sewage effluent. However, these alternate water sources may contain a wide range of pathogenic hazards that pose risks to human health. Hence the safe use of recycling water via aquifers requires potential risks to be reduced to acceptable levels. This article outlines the approach recommended by the draft Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling (AGWR) (Phase 2C Managed Aquifer Recharge) to quantify the aquifer treatment using a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach.
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Slavich, PG. "Irrigation using groundwater for watertable control: a model of water and salt balance limitations." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 1 (1992): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920225.
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One of the land management practices for alleviating irrigation waterlogging and salinity in S.E. Australia is groundwater pumping from aquifers to lower shallow watertables. Pumped groundwater may be mixed with channel supply waters to obtain an acceptable water quality then used for irrigation. A model was developed to determine the effect of irrigation using saline groundwater, diluted with channel waters, on nett recharge i.e. the quantity of deep drainage minus the quantity of pumped groundwater. The model was used to assess nett recharge in rice and pasture based landuse by reviewing field studies on groundwater use. Combined with crop salt tolerance data and a leaching requirement model, the nett recharge model enabled both water and salt balance limitations to groundwater pumping to be assessed. Nett groundwater recharge was expressed as a function of the salinity of the groundwater, surface water, and the applied water using two empirical relationships which relate the leaching fraction and the infiltration amount to the salinity of the applied water for given soils and crops. In its simplest form the model equates nett recharge to the difference between the leaching fraction and the relative salinity of the applied water. For low salinity channel water (0.1 dS/m), the analysis for rice indicated that zero or negative nett recharge would only occur if at least half the applied water was pumped from low salinity aquifers (<2dS/m). For white clover based summer pastures, on permeable fine sandy loam soils, more than half of the irrigation water must be pumped from relatively low salinity aquifers (2-4 dS/m). For white clover summer pasture on a relatively impermeable clay loam, an aquifer salinity up to 5 dS/m could be used at high dilution and zero nett recharge achieved.
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Jarraya Horriche, Faten, and Sihem Benabdallah. "Assessing Aquifer Water Level and Salinity for a Managed Artificial Recharge Site Using Reclaimed Water." Water 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2020): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020341.
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This study was carried out to examine the impact of an artificial recharge site on groundwater level and salinity using treated domestic wastewater for the Korba aquifer (north eastern Tunisia). The site is located in a semi-arid region affected by seawater intrusion, inducing an increase in groundwater salinity. Investigation of the subsurface enabled the identification of suitable areas for aquifer recharge mainly composed of sand formations. Groundwater flow and solute transport models (MODFLOW and MT3DMS) were then setup and calibrated for steady and transient states from 1971 to 2005 and used to assess the impact of the artificial recharge site. Results showed that artificial recharge, with a rate of 1500 m3/day and a salinity of 3.3 g/L, could produce a recovery in groundwater level by up to 2.7 m and a reduction in groundwater salinity by as much as 5.7 g/L over an extended simulation period. Groundwater monitoring for 2007–2014, used for model validation, allowed one to confirm that the effective recharge, reaching the water table, is less than the planned values.
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Hibbs, Barry J., and Mercedes Merino. "Reinterpreting Models of Slope-Front Recharge in a Desert Basin." Geosciences 10, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080297.
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Identification of recharge areas in arid basins is challenging due to spatial and temporal variability and complexity of the hydrogeology. This study re-evaluates recharge mechanism in a desert basin where isotopic and geologic data indicated that published conceptual models of recharge are not accurate. A new model of recharge is formulated that is consistent with the unique geologic framework in the basin. In the area of study, the Rio Grande flows across a broad alluvial floodplain, the “El Paso-Juarez Valley”, where the river has incised the surface of the Hueco Bolson. The modern Rio Grande floodplain overlies the older basin fill, or “Hueco Bolson deposits”, in the valley portion of the area. The lateral contact between the older bolson deposits and the recent alluvial floodplain deposits defines the “slope front”. The valley wall along the slope front is penetrated by many arroyos that incise the Hueco Bolson deposits and modern floodplain surface. The presence of a large lens of freshwater at the boundary between the older bolson fill and recent Rio Grande alluvium seemed to suggest to previous researchers that dilute water developed due to runoff drawn in by San Felipe Arroyo, a prominent arroyo at the slope front between the older Hueco Bolson deposits and the recent Rio Grande alluvium. Our follow-up verification work illustrates that this is demonstrably not the case. The testing of groundwater samples for stable water isotopes and radioisotopes showed that the deeper and more dilute waters near San Felipe Arroyo are actually pre-dam waters recharged from the shifting Rio Grande channel.
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Vanderzalm, Joanne L., Declan W. Page, Karen E. Barry, and Dennis Gonzalez. "Evaluating Treatment Requirements for Recycled Water to Manage Well Clogging during Aquifer Storage and Recovery: A Case Study in the Werribee Formation, Australia." Water 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 2575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092575.
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Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is the intentional recharge of water to suitable aquifers for subsequent beneficial use or to achieve environmental benefits. Well injection techniques for MAR, such as Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR), rely on implementing appropriate design and defining the operational parameters to minimise well clogging and maintain sustainable rates of recharge over the long term. The purpose of this study was to develop water quality targets and pre-treatment requirements for recycled water to allow sustained recharge and recovery in a medium-coarse siliceous aquifer. The recharge water is a blend of 40% Class A recycled water and 60% reverse osmosis (RO)-treated Class A recycled water. Four source waters for MAR were evaluated: (1) this blend with no further treatment, and this blend with additional treatment using: (2) a 20 µm sediment cartridge filter, (3) a 5 µm sediment cartridge filter, or (4) a 5 µm granular activated carbon (GAC) cartridge filter. All four treatment options were also further disinfected with chlorine. The four blended and treated recycled waters were used in laboratory columns packed with aquifer material under saturated conditions at constant temperature (20.7 °C) with light excluded for up to 42 days. Substantial differences in the changes in hydraulic conductivity of the columns were observed for the different treatments within 14 days of the experiment, despite low turbidity (<2 NTU) of the blend waters. After 14 days, the GAC-treated water had a 7% decline in hydraulic conductivity, which was very different from the other three blend waters, which had declines of 39–52%. Based on these results and consistent with previous studies, a target biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) level of <0.2 mg/L was recommended to ensure a biologically stable source of water to reduce clogging during recharge.
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Shakya, Bijay Man, Takashi Nakamura, Suresh Das Shrestha, and Kei Nishida. "Identifying the deep groundwater recharge processes in an intermountain basin using the hydrogeochemical and water isotope characteristics." Hydrology Research 50, no. 5 (July 31, 2019): 1216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.164.
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Abstract The hydrogeochemical and stable isotopes of water (δD and δ18O) were combined to investigate the deep groundwater recharge processes in the geologically complex intermountain basin (Kathmandu Valley). Results of the stable isotopic composition of the deep groundwater compared with global and local meteoric water lines and d-excess showed the deep groundwater as a meteoric water origin which is insignificantly affected by evaporation. The analysis suggests the deep groundwater was recharged during high rainfall periods (wet season). Additionally, the control of seasonal variation was absent in the deep groundwater and in the spring water samples. The large range of isotopic composition distribution was due to the altitude affect, whereas variations are from the various geological settings of the infiltration encountered during the recharge processes. The tri-linear diagram showed Na-K-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 as the two major water types. The distribution of water types in this intermountain basin was found to be unique compared to other basins. Ionic concentration of the samples was found to be higher in the central part than in the periphery due to the ion exchange processes. This study determines the spatial distribution of various recharge processes that depends upon the environment during rainfall and the geological settings.
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Vanderzalm, J. L., P. J. Dillon, G. J. Hancock, C. Leslie, J. Dighton, C. Smith, and G. Pearce. "Using elemental profiles in the sediment of a lake used to supply drinking water to understand the impacts of urban stormwater recharge." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 6 (2013): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12215.
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The regional city of Mount Gambier, South Australia, recharges stormwater directly into the underlying unconfined, karstic Gambier Limestone aquifer. This aquifer provides the majority of recharge to Blue Lake, a groundwater-fed volcanic crater lake, used for Mount Gambier’s drinking water supply. However, concern remains regarding the risk posed by contaminants within stormwater, in particular when stormwater recharge may ultimately contribute to a source of drinking-water supply. The present research examined the role of the annual calcite precipitation in the lake, in protecting the quality of its water supply, by examining the composition of particulate matter in the lake and on the lake bottom. The sediment did not reveal negative impacts of stormwater recharge, but did highlight the increase in erosion as a result of settlement and extensive land clearing for agriculture at the time of settlement. Analysis of lake-floor sediment revealed increased accumulation of the lithogenic elements within the lake-floor sediment during this interval, owing to the cleansing capacity of the calcite precipitation cycle. Extraction of water from Blue Lake for water supply has resulted in a reduced water residence time in the lake and a three-fold increase in the accumulation of calcium carbonate on the lake floor.
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Calver, A. "Recharge Response Functions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 1997): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-47-1997.
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Abstract. This paper explores the establishment of transfer functions for describing the annual oscillation of unconfined aquifer water levels in response to effective precipitation. A simple saturated zone representation is developed to accompany the unsaturated zone mechanism. Practical examples are drawn from a sample of sites from the chalk and the Permo-Triassic sandstones of England and Wales. Modelled water levels are in many cases good. The technique is most appropriate within the usual range of fluctuation of aquifer water level, with no great change in influence of abstractions, and when it is acceptable to approximate the complexity of unsaturated zone processes in practical analysis.
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Singh, Pushpendra Kumar, J. R. Verma, Janhavi, Jitendra Sinha, and R. K. Sahu. "Studies on hydraulics of augmented ground water recharge through recharge shaft." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 16, no. 4 (2017): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2017.00055.8.
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Du, Shang Hai. "Groundwater Quality Variation Affected by Artificial Recharge in Hutuo River Bed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2158.
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Artificial recharge using outside diversion water is an effective method to solve the water resources shortage, but it’s necessary of groundwater quality analysis during the recharge process. For the parameters acquisition of artificial recharge, a field infiltration test had been taken with the Hutuo River bed, the ions variation had been tested. The results show that, Cl-, SO42-, F- increase but NO3- decreases during the recharge process, then get back after the recharge termination; considering mixture is main factor of Cl- variation, the proportions of different water resource had been calculated, the proportion of recharge water increases during artificial process and decrease after the recharge termination, hysteresis exists between different sampling wells by the responding time and peak time.
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Zhao, Xin Yi, Ya Jie Gui, and Shi Bao Li. "Fluoride Release and Recharge Ability of a Novel Fluoride Release Composite Resin." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.355.
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Objective: To evaluate the fluoride release rates and fluoride recharge capability of a experimental resin composite, a compomer, a giomer and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Methods: Ten disc specimens of each material were prepare and polished with abrasive paper, followed by clearing with oil-free compressed air jet. The specimens were placed in a plastic vessel containing 5ml deionized water immediately after fabrication. Each specimen was removed and put to a new a vessel containing deionized water each day, and the sample solution was test for fluoride concentration each day using a compound fluoride ion selective electrode and a conductivity meter. All specimens were removed from container after 28 days and were recharged by immersing in a fluoride foam solution for four minutes. Then fluoride release from these recharged samples was measured daily for 7 days. Recharge was repeated three times. Result: Fuji II LC demonstrated the highest fluoride release ( p <0.01), followed by experimental resin and Compoglass. Both Beautufil and Charisma presented the lowest fluoride release ( p <0.01) during the first two weeks. All materials except Charisma demonstrated a sharp decline of fluoride release, followed by a comparatively stable stage of fluoride release for about twenty days. All materials presented fluoride release increase substantially one day after recharge but declines rapidly almost to the baseline level after 2 days except for Fuji II LC that showed a continual fluoride release for 5 days. Conclusion: The experimental composite resin has a capability of fluoride release and recharge that are comparable to compomers.
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Hashemi, H., C. B. Uvo, and R. Berndtsson. "An extended modeling approach to assess climate change impacts on groundwater recharge and adaptation in arid areas." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 10 (October 24, 2014): 11797–835. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-11797-2014.
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Abstract. The impact of future climate scenarios on surface and groundwater resources was simulated using a modeling approach for an artificial recharge area in arid southern Iran. Future climate data for the periods of 2010–2030 and 2030–2050 were acquired from the Canadian Global Coupled Model (CGCM 3.1) for scenarios A1B, A2, and B1. These scenarios were adapted to the studied region using the delta-change method. The modified version of the HBV model (Qbox) was used to simulate runoff in a flash flood prone catchment. The model was calibrated and validated for the period 2002–2011 using daily discharge data. The projected climate variables were used to simulate future runoff. The rainfall–runoff model was then coupled to a calibrated groundwater flow and recharge model (MODFLOW) to simulate future recharge and groundwater hydraulic head. The results of the rainfall–runoff modeling showed that under the B1 scenario the number of floods might increase in the area. This in turn calls for a proper management, as this is the only source of fresh water supply in the studied region. The results of the groundwater recharge modeling showed no significant difference between present and future recharge for all scenarios. Owing to that, four abstraction and recharge scenarios were assumed to simulate the groundwater level and recharged water in the studied aquifer. The results showed that the abstraction scenarios have the most substantial effect on the groundwater level and the continuation of current pumping rate would lead to a groundwater decline by 18 m up to 2050.
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Heberer, Thomas, and Marc Adam. "Transport and Attenuation of Pharmaceutical Residues During Artificial Groundwater Replenishment." Environmental Chemistry 1, no. 1 (2004): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04008.
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Environmental Context.The contamination of public water supplies by drug residues is an issue of importance for public health. While soil may act as a natural filter to remove some contaminants from groundwater, there is a lack of information on the fate and transport of pharmaceutical residues during groundwater recharge. In this study, the fate and the transport of eight drug residues during groundwater recharge of contaminated surface water which was investigated at an artificial groundwater replenishment plant in Berlin, Germany, as part of the international collaboration NASRI (Natural and Artificial Systems for Recharge and Infiltration). The study shows that some of the contaminants would indeed end up in the water supply if the water only underwent normal groundwater recharge. Abstract.Recently, several new types of organic contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and their metabolites have been found in sewage or surface waters. Some of the polar pharmaceuticals have also been detected in samples of ground and drinking water, especially when water from induced recharge is used for drinking water production. The fate and the transport of eight drug residues during groundwater recharge (GWR) of contaminated surface water was investigated at an artificial groundwater replenishment plant in Berlin, Germany. After a recharge distance of only a few meters, bezafibrate, a blood lipid regulator, and indomethacin, an analgesic, were removed below their detection limits. Clofibric acid, a metabolite of blood lipid lowering agents, and the analgesic drugs diclofenac and propyphenazone were also attenuated during GWR. However, they were still detectable in the receiving water supply wells at low concentration levels (≤ 40 ng L–1). The anti-epileptic drugs carbamazepine and primidone and the drug metabolite AMDOPH (1-acetyl-1-methyl-2-dimethyl-oxamoyl-2-phenylhydrazide) were not significantly affected by GWR occurring in the water supply wells at mean individual concentrations between 100 and 1570 ng L–1.
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Gonzales Amaya, Andres, Gerhard Barmen, and Galo Muñoz. "A Multidisciplinary Approach for Clarifying the Recharge Processes and Origin of Saline Water in the Semi-Arid Punata Alluvial fan in Bolivia." Water 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10070946.
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The analysis of stable isotopes assisted in identifying that groundwater in the Punata alluvial fan is mainly recharged by heavy flash floods, and the recharge from rainfall is of less importance. In addition, the hydrochemical analysis identified the Pucara River as the main source of recharge. Other streams in the north and northwest of the fan do not seem to contribute to the recharge. The hydrochemistry also shows that there is an increase of the Na+ and Cl− concentrations in the middle and distal part of the fan. The salinization of groundwater is most likely a result of the mixing of fresh water with residual saline pore water in the lacustrine deposits and/or ion exchange within these layers. Geophysical surveys assisted in describing the aquifer system layering, and indicated a fine-grained bottom layer where ion exchange might occur. This study demonstrates that the integration of several methods (e.g., hydrochemistry, hydrogeophysics, and stable isotopes) is valuable for clarifying ambiguities during the interpretation process and for characterizing hydrogeological processes in alluvial fans in general.
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Alam, Mohammad Faiz, Paul Pavelic, Navneet Sharma, and Alok Sikka. "Managed Aquifer Recharge of Monsoon Runoff Using Village Ponds: Performance Assessment of a Pilot Trial in the Ramganga Basin, India." Water 12, no. 4 (April 4, 2020): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041028.
Full textAbstract:
The managed aquifer recharge (MAR) of excess monsoonal runoff to mitigate downstream flooding and enhance groundwater storage has received limited attention across the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the Indian subcontinent. Here, we assess the performance of a pilot MAR trial carried out in the Ramganga basin in India. The pilot consisted of a battery of 10 recharge wells, each 24 to 30 m deep, installed in a formerly unused village pond situated adjacent to an irrigation canal that provided river water during the monsoon season. Over three years of pilot testing, volumes ranging from 26,000 to 62,000 m3 were recharged each year over durations ranging from 62 to 85 days. These volumes are equivalent to 1.3–3.6% of the total recharge in the village, and would be sufficient to irrigate 8 to 18 hectares of rabi season crop. High inter-year variation in performance was observed, with yearly average recharge rates ranging from 430 to 775 m3 day−1 (164–295 mm day−1) and overall average recharge rates of 580 m3 day−1 (221 mm day−1). High intra-year variation was also observed, with recharge rates at the end of recharge period reducing by 72%, 88% and 96% in 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively, relative to the initial recharge rates. The observed inter- and intra-year variability is due to the groundwater levels that strongly influence gravity recharge heads and lateral groundwater flows, as well as the source water quality, which leads to clogging. The increase in groundwater levels in response to MAR was found to be limited due to the high specific yield and transmissivity of the alluvial aquifer, and, in all but one year, was difficult to distinguish from the overall groundwater level rise due to a range of confounding factors. The results from this study provide the first systematic, multi-year assessment of the performance of pilot-scale MAR harnessing village ponds in the intensively groundwater irrigated, flood prone, alluvial aquifers of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
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Silva, Lucas A. da, Antônio M. da Silva, Gilberto Coelho, Carlos R. de Mello, and Donizete dos R. Pereira. "Groundwater recharge estimate at Alto Rio Grande - MG watershed." Engenharia Agrícola 32, no. 6 (December 2012): 1097–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162012000600011.
Full textAbstract:
Springs are outcrops of aquifers surface, and the water cycle in this environment pass through the recharge, generally defined as the amount of water added to the aquifer, which may occur locally from rainwater infiltration. This study uses the Water Table Fluctuation (WTF) method to estimate the direct recharge and a groundwater balance to estimate the deep recharge on unconfined aquifers. The WTF method employs data of the aquifer water levels and its specific yield to estimate the direct recharge. The groundwater balance considers the direct recharge estimated by the WTF method, as the water input in the system and outputs as the base flow and deep recharge. The recharge was estimated at four areas at the watershed of Alto Rio Grande city, Minas Gerais (MG) state, in Brazil. The direct recharge estimate was 121.11; 64.62; 83.99; 152.46 (mm/year) for the L1, L2, M1 and M2 areas. The effect of the presence of forest in the recharge area can prevail over slope of relief, allowing more direct recharge, even in sources with steeper relief. The runoff from the springs in the study period exceeded the direct recharge, indicating a situation in which the saturated zone feeds the vadose zone. The annual flow was above the direct recharge pointing a situation of over exploitation of the aquifer, a non sustainable situation. The specific yield of the aquifers could also have been underestimated.
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Bouwer, Herman. "Ground Water Recharge with Sewage Effluent." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 2099–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0666.
Full textAbstract:
Sewage effluent is an excellent source of water for irrigation, especially in dry areas. Before it can be used for unrestricted irrigation, conventional treatment should be followed by treatment so that the water meets the agronomic, public health, and aesthetic requirements for unrestricted irrigation. This usually means reduction of nitrogen concentration to less than 10 mg/l, complete removal of pathogenic organisms, and essentially complete removal of suspended solids and biodegradable organic carbon. This can often be achieved with a groundwater recharge system, using the soil and aquifer materials as natural filters. Studies on two experimental projects in Phoenix showed that “soil-aquifer treatment” systems can reduce nitrogen concentrations from about 20 mg/l to about 7 mg/l, fecal coliform concentrations from about 3500 per 100 ml (chlorinated secondary effluent) to 0.3 per 100 ml, viruses from 21 plaque-forming units/l to 0, suspended solids from 15 mg/l to 1 mg/l, and total organic carbon from 20 mg/l to 3 mg/l. The latter represents mostly the nondegradable carbon. Hydraulic loading rates for sands to loamy sands were about 300 ft/yr. Thus, 1 acre of infiltration basin can renovate about 300 af/year of sewage effluent. The renovated water should be removed from the aquifer to avoid its spread into high-quality native groundwater.(Please note that af/year stands for acre feet/year.)
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Dillon, Peter, Enrique Fernández Escalante, Sharon B. Megdal, and Gudrun Massmann. "Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience." Water 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2020): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071846.
Full textAbstract:
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is part of the palette of solutions to water shortage, water security, water quality decline, falling water tables, and endangered groundwater-dependent ecosystems. It can be the most economic, most benign, most resilient, and most socially acceptable solution, but frequently has not been implemented due to lack of awareness, inadequate knowledge of aquifers, immature perception of risk, and incomplete policies for integrated water management, including linking MAR with demand management. MAR can achieve much towards solving the myriad local water problems that have collectively been termed “the global water crisis”. This special issue strives to elucidate the effectiveness, benefits, constraints, limitations, and applicability of MAR, together with its scientific advances, to a wide variety of situations that have global relevance. This special issue was initiated by the International Association of Hydrogeologists Commission on Managing Aquifer Recharge to capture and extend from selected papers at the 10th International Symposium on Managed Aquifer Recharge (ISMAR10) held in Madrid, Spain, 20–24 May 2019.