Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recherche en sante publique'
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Goyet, Sophie. "Modélisation du processus d'application des connaissances entre Recherche et Santé publique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20077/document.
Full textHealth research generates a growing body of scientific literature. However this scientific production is not systematically integrated into public health. Researchers and policy makers have operations and constraints that do not naturally facilitate exchanges and knowledge translation (KT) from research into health policy. This thesis focuses on the gap between research and health policy and analyzes the determinants of success or failure of KT between research and health policies in Cambodia.The first chapter defines the KT process and reviews the scarce KT interventions reported in the literature. This review shows that KT is not a new concept, even though it remains somewhat under applied. In this chapter, we also look at the tools used to model processes and health research. We conclude that the UML (unified modeling language) appears to be the best modeling tool available to analyze the KT process.The second chapter describes a KT intervention we implemented and subsequently analyzes its impact and the determinants of its partial success, using UML tools. Most of identified barriers were related to either a lack of synchronization between the production of knowledge and the health policy making, or to some lack of mutual understanding between researchers and policymakers. Among the contributing factors, we identified the key roles of an actor who was both policymaker and researcher, and of organizations which acted as communication vectors between researchers and policymakers.The third chapter first includes the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the health research scientific production in Cambodia. It shows that even though more than 85% of articles published were accessible free of charge they do not cover all public health priorities of Cambodia. The following study identifies the main sources of information for policy makers who contributed to the preparation of the first national health policy against antibiotic resistance. We show that, as elsewhere, the scientific literature is not an appropriate medium to communicate with the Cambodian health authorities.Finally in the last chapter we integrate the various findings from previous chapters into the analysis of the determinants of KT. From this analysis we draw a generic UML model (class diagram), that we test on four research projects also conducted in Cambodia. This model may be used in Cambodia or in other countries with limited resources.We conclude that if the principles of the CA can be summarized in a few simple rules, they face many barriers when they are operationally implemented. KT is a dynamic, complex , iterative, and highly context –dependent process. A number of barriers to KT identified in Cambodia are identical to those found in the West. Among the facilitating factors for KT, we show that the connection between research institutions and national or provincial health is a major asset
Fraga, de Oliveira Stéphanie. "L'organisation institutionnelle de la recherche médicale publique : l'influence des liens entre établissements de santé et de recherche." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10077/document.
Full textThe organization’s of medical research is a current thematic: conference of research outcomes will indeed soon contribute to reform a part of scientific organization and Teaching. Furthermore, this theme is interesting on regard of reports which can be made on fragmentation of the organization of the scientific research, of the fact of the diversity of structures framing and organizing these activities (research legislation is an example). These reports can be transposed into the medical research, which presents however the specificity to maintain narrow links with hospitals. Thus, it is interisting to follow evolutions of medical research’s institutional organization which aimed at mitigating these difficulties, allowing however health establishements appear more and more as important actor in franch organization of medical research. Comparison with international and European situation will allow to woden these analyses
Commin, Virginie. "Biobanques et santé publique, une analyse juridique." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010286.
Full textBirch, Lisa Maureen. "L'utilisation de la recherche sur l'opinion publique dans les politiques publiques : le cas du programme de contrôle du tabagisme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27352/27352.pdf.
Full textEun, Jae-Ho. "Sida et action publique : une analyse définitionnelle du changement de politiques en France, 1982-1994." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DENS0002.
Full textThe French AIDS policy change presents the alternation of long periods of stability (incremental change) and shorter periods of radical change. What is the main source of these variations (punctuated equilibrium) ? This paper interpretes the period of 1982 1994 in considering problem definition as its vector. It underlines three dimensions of problem definition : competing dimension, hierarchical dimension, systemic dimension. The result of the investigation reveals that : (1) the policy change can be explained by a dynamics of competition among various problems for public agenda access ; (2) the definitional levels and the emergence and imposition rhythm of the legitimate definition determine the degree and the rhythm of policy change ; (3) the extension of action system and multisectorial mobilization contributes to policy change
Assaf, Hind. "Mécanismes immunotoxiques de l'ochratoxine A et exposition de la population libanaise." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114815.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the immunotoxic effect of ochratoxin A, a widespread mycotoxin contaminating feed and food. We showed that ochratoxin A induces apoptosis in human lymphocytes triggering the mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Interestingly, Bcl-xL protein expression was decreased by ochratoxin A treatment. Bcl-xL loss was due to its degradation by the proteasome. We also evaluated the occurrence of ochratoxin A in the plasma of the Lebanese population and in different foodstuffs. Our results show that cereals such as wheat and burghul are contaminated, as well as beer where concentrations higher than the fixed limits were found. The mean concentration of ochratoxin A found in the Lebanese population plasma was low
Moulin, Anne-Laure. "Contribution à la création d'un réseau international de surveillance d'une maladie infectieuse étude de réseaux existants /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessid/rrbmoulin.pdf.
Full textBonastre, Julia. "La production de recherche dans les établissements publics de santé et son impact sur le coût des soins." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA111018.
Full textDembélé, Salifou. "Recherche sur la réglementation de la médecine traditionnelle en Afrique noire." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40010.
Full textShould african traditional medicine be regulated ? The main question underlying this work resides in the misfortune of "modern medicines" on account of their cost, their geographical inaccessibility and more generally the difficulties in introducing them into sociocultural contexts which are ill-suited to receive them. Confronted by this misfortune, the international authorities force developing countries to turn towards endogenous health developement, particularly projects concerning primary health care and yhe use of traditional medicines. However, resorting to such methods assumes the parallel development of a legal framework adapted to ensure their coherence and effectiveness. Thus, as regards traditional medicine, which has benefitted from renewed interest in relation to the policy of primary health-care, especially since the devaluation of the cfa franc, the law is expected to permit the setting up of health-care which is both danger-free and accessible to the population, by combining the asset constituted by the age-old immersion of these methods in local cultures with the establishment of professional guarantees. Even if the legibility of present regulations seems insufficient, they constitute, nevertheless, an effective method of fighting against bogus practices. The refinement of these regulations presupposes a harmonisation of national health policies which would take the place of the procrastination which has been displayed for so long by the african states
Jbilou, Jalila. "Adaptation des résultats de recherche : concepts et mesures." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27162/27162.pdf.
Full textSimic, Vanessa. "Comment alimenter la recherche? : le financement de la recherche en santé des populations par l'industrie agroalimentaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27408.
Full textThis exploratory study examines perceptions of various Quebec actors on population health research funding by the food industry in Quebec to establish whether this practice is considered socially and ethically acceptable in the current context. In addition, participants were asked about their perceptions on the acceptability of industry-funded scientists on advisory committees to the government. Semi-structured individual interviews were undertaken with 14 stakeholders involved in this issue, who are employed in the academic sector, the public sector, the food industry, non-profit organizations and the media. Even without consensuses on the various research questions, it can be concluded that research collaborations with the food industry can be acceptable, but that they must absolutely be accompanied by rigorous mechanisms and ethical conduct of the involved parties. This study allows for a better understanding of the factors that come into play to determine the social acceptability of the practice. These factors are the context, the interests of involved stakeholders, the ethical issues related to collaborations, the variation in the acceptability of different collaborative approaches, the variation in the acceptability of collaborating with certain members of the food industry as opposed to others, differences in the theoretical and practical application of these collaborations and the notion of manipulation by the food industry. In addition, it refers to a series of ethically acceptable collaborative approaches, and offers a list of essential values and principles for the acceptability of this practice, from an ethical standpoint. Thus, the results point to safeguards and appropriate protections that would render the collaborations socially and ethically acceptable. Acceptable collaborations include the establishment of pooling funds, the appointment of a third party to manage the collaborations, the involvement of ethics committees, and the development and implementation of decision-making mechanisms, protocols and agreements for acceptable collaborations.
Rouzaud, Danis Bonvalet Christine. "La place de la méthodologie de recherche dans la formation d'ingénieur." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082142.
Full textAbenhaim, Lucien. "Incertitude, risque et utilisation de l'information scientifique : recherches et travaux effectués en Amérique du Nord en santé publique." Paris, EHESS, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986EHES0110.
Full textThe paradigm of expertise in public health is the central issue of this work. A first conceptual appraisal of the concepts of utility utilization on the one hand and scientific information knoledge on the other, is discussed. A categorization of the different types of uncertainty and an overview of the levels of interpretation of scientific information in the identification of hazards as well as in the evaluation of the significance of public health risks are proposed. The north american experience in consensus development, risk assessment, policy analysis, utilization research are all discussed as formal process of interpretation of uncertainty in scientific information. Studies done by the author in the field of public health (consensus conferences, risk assessment, research utilization) are used as cases in point
Tajoui, Mostafa. "Contribution à l'étude de la contamination de fromages par listeria spp: recherche de souches bactériennes capables d'inhiber la croissance de listeria monocytogènes et caractérisation des fractions antagonistes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212455.
Full textPerraut, Soliveres Anne. "La nuit du savoir ou les valeurs de l'ombre, du savoir de la nuit des infirmières a l'impensé de la recherche dans les sciences de l'homme : le praticien-chercheur comme éclaireur." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081632.
Full textPernel, Christine. "Les libertés et droits fondamentaux dans la recherche de la preuve pénale en médecine légale." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN20007.
Full textThe development of the forensic medicine, especially for the last 20 years, brought about an important change in the search for the evidence. Indeed the forensic medicine, which a priori seems to only concern a limited number of domains, is in fact multidisciplinary for the forensic pathologist intervenes in numerous fields. The main task of the forensic medicine is precisely to help the police and the jurisdictions to discover the truth. The ruling must be able to rely on techniques which will allow reaching certainty without for all that neglecting the social and human elements present in every judicial intervention. A field in which the search for truth imperatively requires the absence of any doubt exists, it is well and truly that of criminal justice because any mistake endangers by nature not only the people's honor and respect but also, and this is much more fearsome, their freedom, their intimacy, their integrity, nay, their life. During that quest for the truth, a constant conflict exists between the search for an optimal effectiveness of the evidence and the respect of liberties and fundamental rights of individuals. It is interesting to note that justice more and more uses life sciences in order to prove a state, to establish a fact or a situation. The principles of criminal evidence do not stand in the way of the use of the forensic medicine but limits to the forensic activity must be set since it directly touches the human body. This protection is ensured both by the general principles of the criminal law (part i) and by the fundamental rules of the penal procedure (part ii) since the forensic intervention is in keeping with and becomes integrated with the penal proceedings. This set of rules ensures social order, public security and the exercise of the liberties and fundamental rights of the individuals at once. Such is one of the difficulties -not the least- that a real democracy has to overcome
Dolcini, Guillermina Laura. "Caractérisation des paramètres impliqués dans la transmission mère-enfant du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 et son contrôle au niveau du placenta." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114818.
Full textMother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the main source of HIV-1 infection in children below 15 years-old, and its prevention is a worldwide public health priority. In the first part of my PhD program I have characterized for the first time the viral markers from a cohort of HIV-1 positives pregnant women and their children in Cameroon. I have then studied the mechanisms of restriction to cell free virus infection in placental trophoblast cells and chorionic villi. Results demonstrated a restriction of the viral cycle at the level of entry and early steps of retrotranscription. This could explain in part the placental role in the control of HIV-1 in utero MTCT. Understanding the mechanisms of HIV-1 MTCT and its control might help for the development of new alternative therapeutic strategies for the prevention of HIV-1 MTCT
Steichen, Olivier. "Utilisation d’une observation médicale informatisée à d’autres fins que les soins : Ingénierie des connaissances, évaluation des pratiques, recherche clinique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066169.
Full textElectronic health records generate a large amount of data that can be used for non-clinical purposes. We propose two innovative ways of reusing these clinical data. An update of the computerized medical observation was performed after the analysis of its previous use during routine clinical practice. The deletion of rarely used items was discussed. Terminological analysis of guidelines and free-text answers from the clinical record identified clinically important concepts to be incorporated in the structured part of the record. The evaluation of practice individualization requires a representation of cases with a formal conceptual model. The construction of this ontology was based on the same terminological analysis as above. It underscored concepts pertaining to standardized management and others related to patient centered care. The data have also been reused to perform retrospective observational studies covering the main types of clinical or epidemiological research questions
Duchamp, David. "L'Agir Communicationnel comme outil de gestion du changement organisationnel : les "35 heures" dans les petits Établissements de Santé du Secteur Public : approche par une méthode de Recherche - Intervention." Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN22002.
Full textThis research applies the Communicative Action Theory to the problematic of leading organizational change, impulses by politics, in small public health care organizations. More precisely we focus on the impact of the "35 hours", a reform we consider as a management tool. That law can be seen as a double injunction for organizational change and for a participative approach which seemed to be inspired by Communicative Action Theory. We follow a instrumental and a comprehensive approach of our research object. The empirical data have been collected using the " Appui-Conseil", a specific appliance associated to the law, as real Interventions-Researches. Results related to the instrumental part of our research point out that the organizational goals have been reached. The comprehensive part shows that the "habermasian" approach of change has been followed in various ways : strongly within the health care organizations; weakly for the relationships between these organizations and their administrative supervision. We envisage the possibility of an evolution of organizational structure to a "innovative" model which can be mentioned as an "communicative hospital". This scenario depends on the mastery of several risks, "the professionalization of team-project" is one example. Contributions of this research is first at a theoretical level by building an organizational change approach inspired by Communicative Action. Methodological contributions consist on our specific use of the "Appui-Conseil" appliance, which point out the possibility of what can be called as a "Intervention-Research at a large scale". There is also practical contributions of that "habermasian translation" which can be seen as a new way of leading change. The efficiency of this new approach is strongly related to the definition of the stakeholder affected by a change
Burnel, Philippe. "Contribution à la recherche de procédures de régulation des équipements médicaux : le rôle des conditions locales d'implantation et ses conséquences sur les mécanismes d'allocation." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010053.
Full textBasso, Frédéric. "L'incorporation des food imitating products : la métaphore alimentaire des produits d'hygiène entre marketing, santé publique et neurosciences sociales." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G018.
Full textFood Imitating Products (FIP) are household cleaners and personal care products that exhibit food attributes in order to enrich their consumption experience. Such a marketing logic can also be considered a potential source of consumers unintentional poisonings. In order to understand the rationale behind this marketing logic, we consider FIPs as non verbal food metaphors. According to the conceptual metaphor theory, the metaphor maps from the source domain (food) to the target domain (cleaners) in order to enlighten a (consumption) experience domain with another. We explore if the use of food metaphor could lead to a miscategorization. For this purpose, we conducted a qualitative analysis of household cleaners or personal care products related phone calls made to a poison control centre. It appears that unintentional home self-poisoning following the accidental ingestion of a chemical product by a healthy adult can result from the perceived similarity created by the commercial use of food metaphor. To control for contextual and personal factors that may influence the perceived similarity between household cleaners or personal care products and food, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. In light of our neuroimaging results, it appears that the visual processing of FIPs lead to taste inferences, confirming, in the modal approach of categorization, that adult subjects can implicitly categorize a personal care product as food
Gaboriau-Tabary, Marine. "L'État et la procréation : recherche sur l'émergence d'un service public de l'assistance médicale à la procréation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0024.
Full textAssisted reproductive technologies are currently one of the privileged places of the confrontation between public and private interests. While the issues of procreation are of direct interest to the State, both in its social and demographic aspects, the opening of the conditions of ART points up more than ever before the individual dimension of the right to procreate. However, to admit the existence of a right to dispose of one's body in terms of procreation necessarily leads to the recognition of ART as an alternative method of procreation, alongside natural reproduction, to the benefits of persons excluded from this biological process of generation. Here lies the difficulty for a State which apprehends the subject essentially through its biological existence, especially since the adoption of bioethics laws. The biology base of the law, from which the development of a bioethics law results, has led to a phenomenon of medicalization of procreation and more specifically to a medicalization of infertility and assisted reproductive technology, presented as its remedy. The « biopouvoir », thus passing from the hands of the State to those of the medical profession, raises the question of the opportunity to see emerge a public service of ART. Based on the obsolescence of the medical criterion of ART and on the affirmation of a subjective right to procreate, such a public service consecrates the existence of a positive right to procreate, alongside a negative one, already recognized
Delespierre, Tiba. "Du dossier résident informatisé à la recherche en santé publique : Application des méthodes de surveillance en temps réel à des données médico-sociales de la personne âgée et exploration de données de cohorte pour la santé publique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV030/document.
Full textFrench population is rapidly aging. Senior citizens ratio is increasing and our society needs to rethink its organization, taking into account this change, better knowing this fast growing population group.Even if numerous cohorts of elderly people already exist worldly with four in France and, even as they live in growing numbers in nursing homes and out-patient treatment clinics, knowledge of this population segment is still missing.Today several health and medico-social structures groups as Korian and Orpéa invest in big relational data bases enabling them to get real-time information about their patients/residents. Since 2010 all Korian residents’ files are dematerialized and accessible by requests. They contain at the same time, structured medico-social data describing the residents as well as their treatments and pathologies, but also free-textual data detailing their daily care by the medical staff.Through time and as the computerized resident file (DRI) was mainly conceived as a data base management application, it appeared essential to mine these data and build a decision-making tool intended to improve the care efficiency. The Ageing Well Institute becoming meanwhile the Korian Ageing Well Foundation chose then, working in a private/public partnership, to finance a research work intented to better understand these datas’ informative potential, to assess their reliability and response to public health threats. This research work and this thesis were then designed in several steps:- First, a content analysis of the data warehouse DRI, the objective being to build a research data base, with a social side and a health side. This was the first paper subject.- Then, by direct extraction of the residents’ socio-demographic information at nursing home (NH) entry, adding hospitalizations and deaths, and finally, by an iterative textual extraction process of the transmissions data and by using the Delphi method, we created twenty-four syndromes, added hospitalizations and deaths and built a syndromic data base, the Ageing Well data base. This information system of a new kind, allowed the constitution of a public health cohort for elderly people from the BBV residents’population and its syndromic longitudinal follow-up. The BBV was also scientifically assessed for surveillance and public health research through present situation analysis: content, periodicity and data quality. This cohort then gave us the opportunity to build a surveillance tool and follow the residents’ population in real-time by watching their 26 daily frequency syndromic distributions. The methodology for that assessment, Atlanta CDCs’ health surveillance systems method, was used for flu and acute gastro enteritis syndroms and was the second paper subject.- Finally, the building of a new public health tool: each syndrom’s distribution through time (transmissions dates) and space (transmissions NH ids) opened the research field to new data exploration methods. I used these to study different health problems afflicting senior citizens: frequent falls, cancer, vaccinations and the end of life
Kanoute, Aida. "Poliques, stratégies et perspectives de la recherche en santé bucco-dentaire en Afrique : consultation Delphi, 2012-2013." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10182/document.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the strengthening of research capacity and the identification of strategies and opportunities to promote better research in oral health in Africa through the filing of the notice of a panel of experts at a Delphi consultation. This especially as systems oral health and scientific knowledge evolves rapidly. However, the African continent is facing many challenges, including the burden of oral diseases and the needs of populations that are huge. To meet these challenges care and ask actions effective public health policy makers need tools, skills and information to assess and monitor health needs, choose intervention strategies, policy options appropriate for the design of their own circumstances and improve system performance oral care. In this context, it is necessary to develop a coherent policy approach to oral health in the African Region, but this implies a better knowledge of the situation. For the advancement of Africa depends on its ability to generate, adapt and use scientific knowledge to meet local needs in health and development. That is why there is an urgent need to build the next generation of African scientists. Universities should promote and support research and training so that students are exposed to research and be taught by researchers throughout their courses. The collection of data on oral health is essential to get an accurate picture of the situation in Africa and to measure progress. Thus the objective of this research is to produce the opinion of a panel of experts on various items at a Delphi consultation two phases. In order to assess the current state of research, identify strategies to promote better research in oral health in Africa and prospects for its development. Analyzes give priorities to focus on the actions and involve a number of recommendations to strengthen and promote the capacity of research in oral health. Ultimately, we must promote a culture of research in national programs of oral health, ensure wide dissemination of research results and use them for planning purposes
Boireau, Pascal. "Des virus entéritiques au nématode parasite Trichinella; aller et retour entre recherche et expertises." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790064.
Full textMaes, Blandine. "Représentations professionnelles et accréditation : entre recherche de sens et contrôle." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20083.
Full textToday, no passing through for health institutions development without quality. This concept appeared in the course of time in the health context with a legislation, norms more accurate and restricting, in ordre to comply with requirements of regulations stated by the various hospitals related reforms, especially the one of 1996 which obliges any health institution to proceed with an accreditation approach implementation. The objective of this work is to identify the representations of accreditation with its own principles (quality, quality approach) to different professional groups in health institutions (private, public, semi-public). The statistics analysis of 89 interviews and 175 questionnaires, enable us to comprehend the conmmitments nature on accreditation in function of the context of various health institutions, of social positions, of values and cultures of the groups they belong to. This idea means for somme professionals regulation's action, a technocratic procedure of control, for others, a process, a research of sense, a fundamental step in the continuing search to improve the quality of medical care
Foucher, Karine. "Principe de précaution et risque sanitaire : recherche sur l'encadrement juridique de l'incertitude scientifique." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4026.
Full textThe emergence of the precautionary principle is the outcome, due to the advancement of scientific knowledge, of an awareness of the limitations of the preventionary principle. µAfter it has been acknowledged in the field of environnemental protection, the precautionary principle is moreover liable to apply in the field of public health. Its aims is to prevent risks of typically uncertain, grevious and irreversible damage. Operating it does not require any new legal instruments, it only requires making use of the existing provisions about the prevention of technological risks (preliminary assessment and licence, compulsory follow up, limitations, measures of conservation) taking into account scientific uncertainty. Such steps taken to manage risks happen to be ample dimensions compared with wathever action could be taken according to preventionary principle. The juridical implications of the precautionary principle fall into two categories, wether the risk is managd in a permissive or in a conservatoryway. The point of this approach is so show that the precautionary principle is a principle for action intented to apply of the various stages of decision making. When one considers that distinction to check off the existing or potential means of the taking uncertainty into account in law, substantial presence of that principole can no doubt be traced in law. Its formal consecration does not lead the to a break with existing law. On the contrary, it allows strengthening the precautionary principle widely developed in law, together with is acknowledgement as a juridical principle
Ahmad, Nizar. "Transposition des résultats de la recherche en santé dans les pays en voie de développement : l'exemple de la recherche sur le tabac et le VIH." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077034.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the implementation of the results of medical research in developing countries. The first objective was to evaluate systematic reviews in terms of the reporting of data related to the applicability of trial results (external validity or generalisability). The second objective was to compare where research is conducted to where research is needed. We focused on 2 public-health priorities, tobacco use and HIV infection. For first objective, we conducted a systematic review to assess the quality of description of information related to the applicability of the results of RCTs in systematic reviews. Our study highlighted the lack of consideration of applicability of results in systematic reviews of research into 2 public health priorities: tobacco consumption and HIV infection. For second objective, on the one hand, we identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in Cochrane systematic reviews and registered ongoing RCTs identified through the WHO platform (WHC ICTRP) evaluating interventions aimed at reducing or stopping tobacco use and treating or preventing HIV infection to assess the countries in which research is performed. On the other hand, we used the WHO data mortality, global burden of disease, prevalence of smokers and people with HIV to determine the context in which research is needed. Our results highlight a major gap between the context where research is conducted and the context where research appears necessary. They also highlight an important underrepresentation of low- and middle-income countries in currently available evidence and awaiting evidence
Comte, Bruno. "Recherche et développement d'une représentation à objets multipoints de vue dans le cadre de l'assurance qualité en santé bucco-dentaire." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10120.
Full textBouyer, Benjamin. "Utilisation des bases de données médico-administratives pour la recherche clinique et épidémiologique en orthopédie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS462.
Full textThe National Health Data System includes data on all health care activities in France (outpatient care, hospital stay and social benefits related to diseases), which should be associated with mortality (causes of deaths, ongoing) and disability data (in the middle term). Many studies have already shown the interest of the analysis of these data for research purposes, in various fields (epidemiological studies of pathologies or groups of patients, evaluation of health products or medico-economic studies). The application for orthopedic research purposes is fairly recent. This surgical discipline has specificities in terms of data that we have exposed in the first part of this work; especially with regard to medical devices. The knowledge of these data made it possible to carry out an assessment of the national burden caused by fractures in France. More than 562,000 events were identified in 2016 for 1% of the adult population and nearly 12,000 (2%) were followed by early deaths. The detailed analysis showed specificities by fracture site and by sex with a significant increase of incidence with age for all groups. The third part of this work is devoted to the analysis of thromboembolic risk after spinal surgery. Analysis of detailed individual data has shown an intermediate risk (close to 1% in the general population) largely modulated by factors related to patients and surgical procedures performed.The National System of Health Data offers as we show in this thesis vast opportunities for research in orthopedics. Preparatory works, particularly in the field of the reliability of measures of efficacity of treatments are still needed to answer certain questions
Ribeiro, Santana Fabiana. "Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies dans la formation professionnelle en soins infirmiers : recherche socio-clinique au Brésil et en France." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0840.
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Lyonnais, Marie-Claude. "Les médias sociaux dans le cadre d'une recherche participative en santé auprès des Inuit du Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27816.
Full textThis exploratory study aims to provide information about the use of social media as part of a communication strategy within an Inuit community-based participatory health research (CBPR). Thirty semi-structured interviews conducted with Nunavimmiut (Inuit from Nunavik), as well as the content of six Facebook groups and two Facebook pages, were the subject of a thematic analysis. The goal was to better understand the use of social media by Nunavimmiut, and the best methods to improve communication within an Inuit CBPR. The results show that social media, especially Facebook, is an effective tool to reach and involve local people in the research process, but needs to be included in a broader strategy including traditional media. Researchers also need to culturally adapt their use of social media by respecting the social and cultural norms of Inuit to communicate successfully and generate more locally valuable research results. Key words: Inuit, Nunavik, social media, community-based participatory research, health, cross-cultural communication, cross-cultural adaptation
Roudaut, Brigitte. "Antibiothérapie chez la poule pondeuse : étude des résidus d'antibiotiques dans les oeufs." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT013A.
Full textLe, Corroller-Soriano Anne-Gaëlle. "Apports et limites de l'évaluation économique des innovations biomédicales : l'exemple de la thérapie cellulaire en cancérologie." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020048.
Full textThe thesis studies how public economics tools (mainly the cost-benefit analysis) can be used for the evaluation of biomedical innovations and for the optimisation of their technological diffusion. In a first part, we discuss the main methodological questions of the application of different tools, based on the cost-benefit analysis, in the health care field, and more precisely on the field of biomedical innovations. In a second part, we present different empirical works about the economic evaluation of the peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The pbpc transplantation is a major innovation in the field of cell therapy for the treatment of cancer. The empirical works try to illustrate the methodological questions raised in the first part. Our research programme leads to question the foundation of cost-benefit analysis and its relationship with cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses. The main interest of cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis for our empirical work was to allowed early evaluations based on surrogate endpoints. Early economic evaluation can give early economic arguments that can be used in the decision making process of the adoption of an innovation. We show, with the example of pbpc transplantation that economic evaluation can interact with the diffusion of a biomedical innovation, if it is realised early in the development and diffusion process. The empirical works presented in this thesis were realised in the context of a very close collaboration with biologists and clinicians. We hope that the more general lessons coming from this experience will contribute to a reconciliation of economic analysis and medical practice
Vannier-Nitenberg, Christiane. "La recherche-action au service de l’examen périodique de santé senior." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10190/document.
Full textThe increase of life expectancy is a major issue to face in the decades to come. A consequence of this increasing life expectancy is the emergence of chronic diseases. It is now acknowledged that individual ageing is strongly influence by biological, psychological, environmental and social variables. Prevention begins at birth and continues throughout life. It is for this reason, that a prevention consultation at certain key moments in life, such as at retirement, is strongly advised. Our doctorate work consisted of documenting the setup of periodic health examinations dedicated to seniors. This was supported by scientific proof provided by carrying out many action researches in the Health Examination centres of French Health Insurance, an approach similar to ‘Evidence Based Medicine’. The action researches were directed towards three main public health issues amongst the elderly which include falling, memory cognitive impairment and macular degeneration related to age. Each action research contributed to the establishment of this health examination for seniors. Indeed, now there is a better recognition of characteristics amongst seniors who have suffered falls thanks to the development of a tool which gives a predictive score a falling, and in turn action strategies. In addition, there is a tool to spot and identify mild cognitive impairment and screening for macular degeneration related to age through the use of telemedicine. Other health topics will need to be explored but French Health Examination Centres already position themselves as responsible decisive actors for the ageing population
Dessales, Thomas. "Le règlement amiable des accidents médicaux depuis 2002 : un système en recherche de nouveaux équilibres." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2021_0353_DESSALES.pdf.
Full textThe law of March 4th, 2002 relative to the rights of the sick and to the quality of the health system said law Kouchner has in a new way in France set up a state system of amicable settlement and compensation of the victims of medical accidents. In maintaining 15 years of existence it is interesting to make a current situation on these procedures to observe if the fixed objectives were filled. It will also be a question of comparing this system in term of access, procedure and efficiency with what exists at our European partner's
Paquette-Dioury, Aisha. "La participation citoyenne comme idéal éthique : intégrer les autochtones aux projets de recherche : le cas de l'Enquête de santé du Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26401/26401.pdf.
Full textROUBY, TEROROTUA VAEA MADELEINE. "La sante publique aux tuomato." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20219.
Full textJaeger, Laura. "Nucléaire et santé : recherche sur la relation entre le droit nucléaire et le droit de la santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1061.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the relationship between nuclear law and health law. Health law is understood in its wide sense, as a legal discipline governing environmental health, i.e. the health of man in his natural and work environment. Nuclear law and health law sharing the same objective of protecting the health of man in his environment, the former is necessarily influenced by the latter. My demonstration focuses in particular on how to characterize this obvious relationship between nuclear law and health law regarding health protection as well as liability for nuclear risks. From this point of view, it opposes the symbiosis of these two fields of the law with regard to health protection against nuclear risks and their split with regard to health liability. The relationship between nuclear law and health law is indeed characterized by a perfect symbiosis regarding health protection against nuclear risk, whichever its origin; the various components of nuclear law, crystallized around the core of radiation protection, complementing one another in order to protect environmental health. However, this symbiosis gives way to a real split regarding health liability for nuclear risks; this one being marked by plural regimes which depend on the professional, medical, civil or military origin of the nuclear risk. The radiological health damage is indeed apprehended sometimes commonly by health law, sometimes specially by nuclear law
Somme, Dominique Blanchard François Hébert Réjean. "Filières de soins, intégration, gestion de cas et maintien de l'autonomie des personnes âgées." [s.n.] : [s.l.], 2008. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000740.pdf.
Full textFradet, Lucie. "L’appropriation du processus de participation d'une recherche-action participative par des personnes utilisatrices de drogues engagées dans une démarche créative." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69702.
Full textParticipatory action research (PAR) is used in public health to better understand complex health and social issues and to find appropriate solutions. In addition, the participation of marginalized people in PAR has proven to be highly relevant in gaining access to their experiential knowledge about the issues at stake. In turn, PAR allows their voices to be heard and empowers them to act to improve their situation as well as the interventions that affect them. The participation of people who use drugs, who are particularly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, has become an international imperative for an ethical and effective response to the epidemic. However, few studies have dealt with their ownership of the participation process. Moreover, given the numerous meanings of PAR, the diversity of its epistemic orientations and methodologies, including artistic techniques, as well as the extent of participation from one study to another, it is difficult to assess its real potential. As a result, many doubt its credibility and the scientific value of the knowledge it produces. This thesis was therefore conducted to examine how the appropriation of the participation process in a PAR with people who use drugs can contribute to the construction and mobilization of valid knowledge. In the context of the fight against sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections, this doctoral project was linked to a PAR developed through a partnership between community organizations, academics as well as public health institutions, in Montreal and Quebec City. In 2011 and 2012, the doctoral student worked as a research assistant for the committee conducting this PAR composed of six people who use drugs and a community organizer from the Point de Repères grass roots organization in Quebec City. Using a creative artistic approach, the committee collected verbal and visual data with the objective of making visible the community actions of Point de Repères as well as the social action of participants in the organization's activities. A longitudinal qualitative study on the appropriation of the participation process by the members of this committee was thus realized. The particularity of this thesis was to position the student-researcher as a participant in her own research, therefore as a part of her object of study. The objectives of the thesis were to examine the committee’s ownership of the partnership intentions and strategies; to identify its achievements; to document the reflective feedback of its members; and to establish the progression of the process. An interactional analysis was carried out on a series of audio recordings of the committee meetings as well on individual interviews held at the end of the PAR with the six persons who used drugs. A conceptual framework was developed for the analysis, using mainly the Rubicon Model of action phases (Achtzeger et Gollwitzer, 2008). This study reveals that the committee has authentically embraced this space for discussion, reflection, decision and action. Even without having full decision-making power, its members were actively involved in developing the PAR methodology, building knowledge and preparing for mobilization. Thanks to the trust established over a long period of time between Point de Repères, the Quebec City researchers and people who use drugs, the committee was able to apply several methodological criteria of qualitative research and others more specific to PAR. The committee has thus built knowledge that is valid from a scientific, relational and personal point of view. As a contribution to the advancement of knowledge, this thesis describes in detail the dynamics and processes of the participatory dimension of a specific PAR: partnership and transformational dynamics, group dynamics, knowledge construction and mobilization processes, creation processes and reflexivity processes. By showing the value and richness of the knowledge of people who use drugs, it contributes to increase the credibility of PAR. Finally, it allows to deconstruct certain prejudices against the people who use drugs according to which they would be unable to comply with the requirements of a PAR.
Barbat-Bussière, Séverine. "L'offre de soins en milieu rural : l'exemple d'une recherche appliquée à l'Auvergne." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20006.
Full textAs such, a person's health does not constitute a field of study for the geographer, unless considered from a collective viewpoint. At such a scale, it generates multiples interrogations on its relationships to territories and space, from epidemiological and sanitary considerations to the restructuring and functional organisation of health systems. Led within the framework of an "action research" in partnership with the Assurance Maladie services (Health Insurance Services), this thesis focuses on offering medical care in the countryside of the Auvergne region. The topic of health cover in the countryside evokes various problematic from the sanitary policies to regional development and the continuity of public service. It also brings up questions for the geographer on new investigation fields, beyond a study on a simple tertiary equipment of a territory. The Auvergne example confirms that offering medical care in rural areas does not bear comparison with that of urban poles, in terms of number of professional personnel, diversity and specialization. Nevertheless, such rural zones are not necessarily dead spots in term of health. The medical care offer is stabilising to the cost of major restructuring between spaces, incluced by variuos actors : ellected personalities, Assurance Maladie, health professionals, ect. Such restructuring will be one answer to the question of renewing generations of health professionals in activity and to that of potential attractiveness of Auvergne countryside. Territorial attractiveness will play an essential part in the future relating to a favourable or not evolution of the issue
Trompette, Justine. "Complexité des interventions en santé publique et en promotion de la santé : exploration de son appréhension par les chercheurs et par les acteurs de terrain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0335/document.
Full textContext – Public health interventions and especially health promotion interventions are considered « complex ». Their evaluation represents a challenge for researchers, which aims to communicate a proven effectiveness intervention with strong contextual influence on the effectiveness of these interventions.This issue of complexity raises several conceptual as well as operational questions: how do researchers and actors understand these notions in order to develop, implement, « routine », or transfer an intervention? What are the evaluation methods and tools that would make it possible to better understand the complexity of these interventions? Objectives – The general objective of this doctoral research is to explore the apprehension and use of complexity by researchers and stakeholders in public health and more particularly in health promotion. More commonly, it aimed to: describe and analyze the dimensions of the complexity identified by researchers and stakeholders, particularly the components of interventions and their contexts; describe and analyze how researchers and stakeholders appropriate the concepts of complexity and take into account the complexity of interventions in the development, implementation, evaluation and transfer of interventions. Methods – To meet these objectives we proceeded in two stages. The first stage consisted of a mixed review of the literature and aimed particularly at identifying the apprehension of the complexity made by the researchers of the influence of thisone on their methodological choices. The second stage was realised from a case study: to propose a fine description of the complexity of the field both by the actors and the researcher trained to the complexity; to identify the way in which the actors took into account the complexity in their practice. Results – The crossed results of the review of the literature and the study of two major dimensions: the characteristics of the stakeholders and the context. If the notion of complexity is relevant in research, our work highlight that it’s still hard to justify and describe. Researcher responsiveness has been influenced by methodological adaptations in the development and / or evaluation of their interventions, including the implementation of the recommendations of the Medical Research Council. Consideration of the complexity by the actors meets in the adaptations which are imposed on a daily basis. Discussion – This doctoral study raises three points of discussion and perspectives: the definition of the complexity and its evolutions which intervene with regard to highlighting the importance of dynamic interventions; the reporting of interventions as a lever for improving the development and evaluation of interventions; the added value of shared spaces between actors and researchers in the production of evidence
Hourcade-Behaghel, Cécile. "Processus de choix de projets dans l'industrie pharmaceutique et politique de santé." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000734.
Full textZombré, Inès. "Savoirs communautaires et expérientiels d'engagements volontaires comme contributions éducatives pour les sciences infirmières : étude de cas d'un organisme communautaire de lutte contre le VIH/sida." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38553.
Full textGuillon, Leslie. "Intérêt et limites du programme de médicalisation des systèmes d'information (PMSI) dans la surveillance des infections de prothèses orthopédiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067178.
Full textMukenge, Bofwa. "Recherches sur le droit africain de la santé." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR1D013.
Full textIf one were to examine thesix regional legal systems pertaining to health, the african health laws would show up as the sun of judicial norms applicable to all procedures relating to health, carried out essentially for the benefit of the african people. These laws, which take into account both judicial and technical aspects are the result of a growing awareness to establish judicial norms taking into consideration factors specific to africa, on the one hand by universal international and regional bodies and on the other hand by the african countries themselves. This is why the world health organisation within the framework of primary health care, believes that the integration of traditional medicine with modern medicine remains the only possible solution of attaining the objective of health for all in africa by the year two thousand
Blais, Mireille. "La dynamique de l'intervention en éducation à la santé au primaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21501/21501.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this action research was to investigate the dynamics of health education in elementary schools. Many physical educators remain preoccupied by children’s health and lifestyle. They are looking for efficient ways to develop and implement learning tasks that would promote a healthy and active lifestyle among their pupils. This study was conducted in collaboration with four experienced practitioners and a consultant/researcher. Four student groups were involved; children were aged between 7 and 10 (n = 102). The ecological model served as a conceptual frame of reference to describe the nature, the content and the development of health learning tasks, and to identify factors that would explain pupils’ level of cooperation during the teaching/learning process. Data were collected by means of the researcher’s observational notes, interviews with the physical educators and the pupils, and analyses of pupils’ productions. An inductive analysis of the data shows that the practitioners make use of two types of learning tasks in order to bring the pupils to adopt a healthy lifestyle and to develop knowledge about it. They use, among other strategies, a type of contract to help children engage by themselves into a modification process of their lifestyle over a period of many months. Many factors might explain the pupils’ degree of cooperation. The accountability system acts as a support in their self-management process and they choose to involve themselves without exchanging grades for performance. Furthermore, they receive social support and acknowledgment from adults who are aware of their efforts and actions. Results also indicate that practitioners’ knowledge and beliefs play a central role in the decision making process as it relates to the planning and implementation of learning tasks in health education at the elementary school level.
Xiao, Liyang. "Contributions on planning and optimization in modern healthcare system." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA028.
Full textOperations research (OR) plays an important role in healthcare system. In recent years, rehabilitation hospitals have been emerging to meet the increasing needs for rehabilitation services due to the ageing population trend. However, the healthcare management in rehabilitation sectors is undeveloped and most of the rehabilitation hospitals (departments) are managed by experience. In this thesis, we deal with a treatment scheduling problem in rehabilitation hospitals. The objective is to facilitate the scheduling process. More importantly, our work aims at reducing the waiting time of inpatients so as to improve inpatients’ satisfactions. In order to solve the complex treatment scheduling problem efficiently, we propose an approach based on a hybrid cuckoo search algorithm which is tested and validated in a real case. Moreover, home healthcare (HHC) is another real-world issue considering the aggravating trend of ageing population. In most areas, an increasing number of social-profit & non-profit organizations are joining in providing healthcare services to patients at their homes and it has a tendency to reach the hospital-level in both quantity and quality for the added flexibility than hospital's service. We investigate home healthcare scheduling and routing problem with consideration of many real-life factors, especially lunch break requirement. The problem is practical scenario motivated and aims at minimizing the total operating cost. We use the commercial solver Gurobi to solve and validate the model with real data
Brunet, Philippe. "Recherches en droit communautaire positif de la santé : étude critique." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D028.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to present the state of community law in the run-up to the 1992 milestone. Whilst concern health matters was not paramount in the minds of the founders of the treaties, it is nevertheless a fact that community laws cover at present, a large part of this domain. Notably, the single act, has apportioned responsibility in these matters, in particular through article 118a, and, indirectly through articles 100a and 130r. The foundations of these laws, namely treaties, general principles and various extraneous sources, are first examined. The preferential development of the resulting statutes is then described, in particular from the standpoint of the completion of the internal market. The second part deals with the relevant case law of the court of justice of the european communities. A review of the workings of that institution is followed by an examination of the use of health legislation in establishing case law as a fundamental and specific contribution to the promotion of free circulation which is one of the fundamental tenets of the treaty of rome. Indeed, alloase law thus examined revolves around the themes of free circulation of goods and persons, the principles and doctrines of which are analysed. In the concluding discussion, the results of the second part of community laws are presented and the way forward is sketched. Finally, certain proposals are made concerning relevant future amendment of the treaties