Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recherche opérationnelle'
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Cizaire, Yves. "Popularisation de méthodes de recherche opérationnelle en Chine populaire." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070023.
Full textFirst part: some examples (from chinese mainland press) of the use of operation research during ancient china. Second part: historical account of the popularization of operation research. At the beginning, there was no difference between chinese operation research and occidental operation research. But in china, operation research is soon involved in political problems (due to the failure of the great leap forward). Under the leadership of the communist government, all the efforts are concentrated on the popularization of existing methods and on the research of other methods easily used by people. This popularization is made through mass movements. The first movement of popularization is launched (after the failure of the great leap forward) when the whole country is fighting against famine. The mathematicians help people by using linear programming methods. The second movement of popularization is based on the "overall planning method". This movement, launched in june 1965, is soon interrupted by the beginning of the cultural revolution. The third movement of popularization starts on the beginning of the seventhies. It concernes mainly two methods created by the mathematician hua luogeng: the "overall planning method" and the "optimal seeking method". . .
Vanderpooten, Daniel. "L'approche interactive dans l'aide multicritère à la décision : aspects conceptuels, méthodologiques et informatiques." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090007.
Full textZaourar, Sofia. "Optimisation convexe non-différentiable et méthodes de décomposition en recherche opérationnelle." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM099.
Full textDecomposition methods are an application of the divide and conquer principle to large-scale optimization. Their idea is to decompose a given optimization problem into a sequence of easier subproblems. Although successful for many applications, these methods still present challenges. In this thesis, we propose methodological and algorithmic improvements of decomposition methods and illustrate them on several operations research problems. Our approach heavily relies on convex analysis and nonsmooth optimization. In constraint decomposition (or Lagrangian relaxation) applied to short-term electricity generation management, even the subproblems are too difficult to solve exactly. When solved approximately though, the obtained prices show an unstable noisy behaviour. We present a simple way to improve the structure of the prices by penalizing their noisy behaviour, in particular using a total variation regularization. We illustrate the consistency of our regularization on real-life problems from EDF. We then consider variable decomposition (or Benders decomposition), that can have a very slow convergence. With a nonsmooth optimization point of view on this method, we address the instability of Benders cutting-planes algorithm. We present an algorithmic stabilization inspired by bundle methods for convex optimization. The acceleration provided by this stabilization is illustrated on network design andhub location problems. We also study more general convex nonsmooth problems whose objective function is expensive to evaluate. This situation typically arises in decomposition methods. We show that it often exists extra information about the problem, cheap but with unknown accuracy, that is not used by the algorithms. We propose a way to incorporate this coarseinformation into classical nonsmooth optimization algorithms and apply it successfully to two-stage stochastic problems.Finally, we introduce a decomposition strategy for the machine reassignment problem. This decomposition leads to a new variant of vector bin packing problems, where the bins have variable sizes. We propose fast and efficient heuristics for this problem that improve on state of the art results of vector bin packing problems. An adaptation of these heuristics is also able to generate feasible solutions for Google instances of the machine reassignment problem
Dakhli, Jean-Loup. "Le prototypage." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090072.
Full textDaher, Christian. "Quelques applications des méthodes de contrôle stochastique en finance mathématique." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090001.
Full textCosta, Alberto. "Applications of Reformulations in Mathematical Programming." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/74/60/83/PDF/Phd_Costa.pdf.
Full textMathematical programming is a technique that can be used to solve real-world optimization problems, where one wants to maximize, or minimize, an objective function subject to some constraints on the decision variables. The key features of mathematical programming are the creation of a model for describing the problem (the so called formulation), and the implementation of efficient algorithms to solve it (also called solvers). In this thesis, we focus on the first point. More precisely, we study some problems arising from different domains, and starting from the most natural models for describing them, we propose alternative formulations, which share some properties with the original models but are somehow better (for instance in terms of computational time needed to obtain the solution by the solver). These new models are called reformulations. We follow the classification of reformulations proposed by Liberti in [Reformulations in Mathematical Programming: Definitions and Systematics, RAIRO-OR, 43(1):55-86, 2009]: exact reformulations (also called opt-reformulations), narrowings, relaxations. This thesis is concerned with three mathematical programming applications where the reformulation was crucial to obtain a good solution. The first problem tackled herein is graph clustering by means of modularity maximization. Since this problem is NP-hard, several heuristics are proposed. We focus on a divisive hierarchical algorithm which works by recursively splitting a cluster into two new clusters in an optimal way. This splitting step is performed by solving a convex binary quadratic program. This is reformulated exactly to a more compact form without changing the optimal solutions set (exact reformulation). We also evaluate the impact provided by the reduction of the number of symmetric global optima of the problem, which is also an important topic of the next part of this thesis. The computational times are considerably reduced with respect to the original formulation. The second problem tackled in the thesis is the Packing of Equal Circles in a Square (PECS), where one wants to place non-overlapping equal circles in a unit square in such a way as to maximize the common radius. One of the reasons why the problem is hard to solve is the presence of several symmetric optimal solutions, and consequently a very large Branch-and-Bound tree. Some of the symmetric optima are made infeasible by adjoining some Symmetry Breaking Constraints (SBCs) to the formulation, thereby obtaining a narrowing. Both computational time and size of the Branch-and-Bound tree outperform the ones provided by the original formulation. The third application considered in the thesis is that of computing the convex relaxation for multilinear problems, and to compare the "primal" formulation and another one obtained using a "dual" representation. Although these two relaxations are both already known in the literature, we make a striking observation, i. E. , that the dual relaxation leads to a faster and more stable solution process as regards CPU time
Costa, Alberto. "Applications of Reformulations in Mathematical Programming." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00746083.
Full textGarcía, Manuel. "Adaptation des methodes de controle de gestion a une conception de la productivite integrant la dimension qualite." Lyon 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO22010.
Full textThe main objective of our research was to identify the possibilities and the limits of management control systems suggested by the management literature and also used in a sample of 103 organisations in which we intervened. The general application of management control methods is often explained by a loss of aptness as regards on the one hand, the new conditions of competition which no longer focus on costs alone, but also on quality and time limits, and on the other hand the modifications in organization structure with more activities organized as a network, or by favouring transversal way of production. However, the fact that organizations run, that seems to show that there exists some professional and economic behaviour norms in place of formalised management control. But this way of activity regulation appears as non optimal. The integration of quality and productivity seems to respond to both individual and collective needs, which can only be satisfied by a multi-focused information system. The research of more precision and relevant information system leads us to suggest associating between cost accounting and action proceedings and also operating successive aggregations, in order to process a global control system
Richard, Pascal. "Contribution des réseaux de Petri à l'étude de problèmes de recherche opérationnelle." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR4022.
Full textZaourar, Lilia Koutchoukali. "Recherche opérationnelle et optimisation pour la conception testable de circuits intégrés complexes." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM055.
Full textThis thesis is a research contribution interfacing operations research and microelectronics. It considers the use of combinatorial optimization techniques for DFT (Design For Test) of Integrated Circuits (IC). With the growing complexity of current IC both quality and cost during manufacturing testing have become important parameters in the semiconductor industry. To ensure proper functioning of the IC, the testing step is more than ever a crucial and difficult step in the overall IC manufacturing process. To answer market requirements, chip testing should be fast and effective in uncovering defects. For this, it becomes essential to apprehend the test phase from the design steps of IC. In this context, DFT techniques and methodologies aim at improving the testability of IC. In previous research works, several problems of optimization and decision making were derived from the micro- electronics domain. Most of previous research contributions dealt with problems of combinatorial optimization for placement and routing during IC design. In this thesis, a higher design level is considered where the DFT problem is analyzed at the Register Transfer Level (RTL) before the logic synthesis process starts. This thesis is structured into three parts. In the first part, preliminaries and basic concepts of operations research, IC design and manufacturing are introduced. Next, both our approach and the solution tools which are used in the rest of this work are presented. In the second part, the problem of optimizing the insertion of scan chains is considered. Currently, " internal scan" is a widely adopted DFT technique for sequential digital designs where the design flip-flops are connected into a daisy chain manner with a full controllability and observability from primary inputs and outputs. In this part of the research work, different algorithms are developed to provide an automated and optimal solution during the generation of an RTL scan architecture where several parameters are considered: area, test time and power consumption in full compliance with functional performance. This problem has been modelled as the search for short chains in a weighted graph. The solution methods used are based on finding minimal length Hamiltonian chains. This work was accomplished in collaboration with DeFacTo Technologies, an EDA start-up close to Grenoble. The third part deals with the problem of sharing BIST (Built In Self Test) blocks for testing memories. The problem can be formulated as follows: given the memories with various types and sizes, and sharing rules for series and parallel wrappers, we have to identify solutions to the problem by associating a wrapper with each memory. The solution should minimize the surface, the power consumption and test time of IC. To solve this problem, we designed a prototype called Memory BIST Optimizer (MBO). It consists of two steps of resolution and a validation phase. The first step creates groups of compatibility in accordance with the rules of abstraction and sharing that depend on technologies. The second phase uses genetic algorithms for multi-objective optimization in order to obtain a set of non dominated solutions. Finally, the validation verifies that the solution provided is valid. In addition, it displays all solutions through a graphical or textual interface. This allows the user to choose the solution that fits best. The tool MBO is currently integrated into an industrial flow within ST-microelectronics
Nzatse, Pouna Jean-Baptiste. "Sur quelques méthodes de traitement des délais en gestion des stocks." Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090017.
Full textRoy, Daniel M. "Une architecture hiérarchisée multi-agents pour le pilotage réactif d'ateliers de production." Metz, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998METZ001S.
Full textFor competitiveness reasons, the industrial world is in permanent evolution. The first stage of this evolution was massive automation, but because this solution did not meet all expectations, a new approach is required. In other words, it is necessary to have a system which could be adapted when methods of production, procedures of scheduling, etc. Change but which remains capable to manage the production in "real time". Some methods tempt to solve this problem. However, some defects subsist such as accidents or production risk management, the necessity to re-configure the installation if the organization of the enterprise changes and the total competition between agents. Our goal is to propose an alternate approach, especially, aiming, at solvin dynamic production management problems in real-time (workstation breakdowns, urgent orders. . . ), to automate as much as possible the process in order to adapt the system to modifications of the enterprise and to rationalize the decision-making by a strong hierarchical structure. To make this, we have based the system on a doubly hybrid multi-agent platform. First, the conduct is hierarchized and the command is centralized, then we are placing between the centralized and hierarchised architectures. The centralization allow us to avoid the competition between agents to solve a problem and the hierarchization allow to each agent to take care of only one product. Secondary, we realize a complete scheduling at the start of the process, but it could be partially (or totally) modified during the process. Thus, we don't lost time during the production, even if, in case of problem, it is necessary to make again a partially (or totally) scheduling. So, we have gain in rapidity and reactivity thanks to the doubly hybridization
Rahmani, Khaled. "Les déterminants de la qualité des infrastructures : Le cas des routes nationales françaises. Evaluations économétriques et stratégies d'entretien." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9713.
Full textRossi, André. "De l'optimisation dans les réseaux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00746435.
Full textCanon, Cyril. "Application des techniques de recherche opérationnelle à la planification de centres de contacts en milieu multicompétent." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4039.
Full textThe aim of a call center is to manage the contacts between their clients and their customers. Agents are not equivalent. Knowing the forecasted incoming calls for four weeks and knowing the data concerning the agents, the problem is to determine the detailed planning of the agents, for each week. Firstly the forecasted number of calls is used to determine for each eriod the number of agents needed to satisfy the required quality of service. Then knowing the constraints related tothe labor code, the number of working hours for each week per agent has tobe deterined. Then the shifts of all the agents plus the position of the breaks and the days-off, with respect of the loading curve, have to be determined. Finally, we have to assign the activities to agents. In case of unfeasibility, some constraints are added to the third phase, and the process iterates until a feasible solution is found. Heuristic approaches are proposed and tested on randomly generated instances
Buljubasic, Mirsad. "Efficient local search for several combinatorial optimization problems." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS010/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis concerns algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems. In Combinatorial Optimization Problems the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete one, and the goal is to find the best possible solution. Specifically, in this research we consider three different problems in the field of Combinatorial Optimization including One-dimensional Bin Packing (and two similar problems), Machine Reassignment Problem and Rolling Stock Problem. The first one is a classical and well known optimization problem, while the other two are real world and very large scale problems arising in industry and have been recently proposed by Google and French Railways (SNCF) respectively. For each problem we propose a local search based heuristic algorithm and we compare our results with the best known results in the literature. Additionally, as an introduction to local search methods, two metaheuristic approaches, GRASP and Tabu Search are explained through a computational study on Set Covering Problem
Fournier, David. "Metro regenerative braking energy : optimization through rescheduling : mathematical model and greedy heuristics compared to MILP and CMA-ES." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077144.
Full textThe use of regenerative braking is a key factor to reduce the energy consumption of a metro line. In the case where no device can store the energy produced during braking, only the metros that are accelerating at the same time can benefit from it. Maximizing the power transfers between accelerating and braking metros thus provides a simple strategy to benefit from regenerative energy without any other hardware device. In this thesis, we use a mathematical timetable model to classify various metro energy optimization rescheduling problems studied in the literature and prove their NP-hardness by polynomial reductions of SAT. We then focus on the problem of minimizing the global energy consumption of a metro timetable by modifying the dwell times in stations. We present a greedy heuristic algorithm which aims at locally synchronizing braking metros along the timetable with accelerating metros in their time neighbourhood, using a non-linear approximation of energy transfers. On a benchmark of six small size timetables, we show that our greedy heuristics performs better than CPLEX using a MILP formulation of the problem, even when it is able to prove the optimality of a linear approximation of the objective function. We also show that it runs ten times faster than a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm, called the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES), using the saure non-linear objective function on these small size instances. On real data leading to 10000 decision variables on which both MILP and CMA-ES do not provide solutions, the dedicated algorithm of our thesis computes solutions with a reduction of energy consumption ranging from 5% to 9%
Antonio, Julien. "Les problèmes de placement : étude et résolution de quelques problèmes réels." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Antonio.Julien.SMA9702.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to characterize real life cutting stock( or packing) problems and to provide efficient methods for a large spectrum of industrial problems. Usually, the packing problem consists in assigning a subset of out put bars to a subset of input bars to minimize the number of input bars used. Since our concern is to solve industrial problems, we have been obliged to take into account a large number of contraints and criteria. To face this complex situation, two types of approaches have been introduced, that is : building methods, used in the case of criteria which are not precisely defined ; in this case, we propose some parameters which can influence the characteristics of the solutions. These methods are close to the way of thinking of the users. The dynamic programming oriented methods (DPO), which are put at work when the various criterion values can be combined into a unique cost. The developed methods are set up successfully in the factories of our industrial partner. The DPO methods are particularly efficient (8% saving on ours examples) for solving problems with several real-life criteria
Simon, François. "Evaluation de la performabilité des systèmes de production et des systèmes temps réel par réseaux de Petri stochastiques géneralisé." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0456.
Full textWahl, François. "Un environnement d'aide aux ingénieurs basé sur une architecture en taches et sur un module de visualisation de courbes. Application à la conception de procédés de raffinage." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529958.
Full textArkhipov, Dmitrii. "Planification socio-responsable du travail dans les chaînes de montage d'aéronefs : comment satisfaire à la fois objectifs ergonomiques et économiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30107.
Full textIn this thesis, the scheduling problem of tasks in aircraft assembly lines is studied. These production lines are mainly manual and paced. Since the failure of delivery on time may result in significant penalties for the manufacturer, it is crucial to meet the schedule at each workstation taking into account both economic and ergonomic criteria. This scheduling problem can be considered as a generalized Resource-Constraints Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP). Firstly, we review the existing ergonomic methods that can be used to evaluate the physical workload in production lines and examine their applicability to the context of aircraft assembly lines with long takt times. On the basis of this evaluation, we develop mathematical models to be introduced in considered RCPSP problems in order to take into account the ergonomic impact on the operators. Taking into consideration these ergonomic constraints, the original industrial problem is modeled as a RCPSP with special constraints and objectives integrating both economic and ergonomic aspects. Several formulations with multi-skilled operators, resources with time-dependent capacities, constraints on ergonomic factors and multi-mode tasks ordered by precedence relations with time lags are considered. Constraint Programming and Integer Linear Programming models are developed for these formulations. In order to enhance the solution procedures, novel constraint propagation techniques are proposed and implemented. A new algorithm for lower bound calculation is developed as well. The efficiency of presented models and methods are validated through numerical experiments
Djerid-Zahra, Lamia. "Hybridation d'algorithmes génétiques et de méthodes classiques de recherche opérationnelle pour résoudre des problèmes d'ordonnancement." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL103N.
Full textBostel, Nathalie. "Méthodes de simulation et d'optimisation appliquées à la gestion opérationnelle des chantiers de transbordement rapide." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0461.
Full textPerrot, Nancy. "Stratégies de génération de colonnes en programmation entière pour le problème de découpe et ses variantes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011657.
Full textrelated solution approaches for the cutting stock problem (CSP) and its
variants. The focus is on branch-and-price approaches. Specialized
algorithms are developed for knapsack subproblems that arise in the
course of the algorithm. Thorough numerical tests are used to identify good strategies
for initialization, stabilization, branching, and producing
primal solutions. Industrial variants of the
problem are shown to be tractable for a branch-and-price approach.
The models studied are the following: the standard cutting stock and
bin packing problems, a variant in which the production levels lie in
a prescribed interval of tolerance, the multiple width cutting stock
problem in which stock pieces are of different size, a variant with
additional technical constraints that arise typically in industrial
applications, and a variant where the number of distinct cutting
patterns used is minimized given a waste threshold.
First, we consider various formulation of the Cutting Stock Problem
(CSP): different models of the knapsack subproblem can be exploited to
reformulate the CSP. Moreover, we introduce different ways of
modeling local exchanges in the solution (primal exchanges imply dual
constraints that stabilize the column generation procedure). Some
models are shown to be valid integer programming (IP) reformulations while others define
relaxations. The dual bounds defined by their LP solution are compared
theoretically.
Then, we study the variants of the knapsack subproblem that arise
in a column generation approach to the CSP. The branching constraints
used in the branch-and-price algorithm can result in class bound and
setup cost or the need for a binary decomposition in the subproblem.
We show how standard knapsack solvers (dynamic programming approach and specialized
branch-and-bound algorithm) can be extended to these variants of the
knapsack problem.
Next, we discuss some branch-and-price implementation strategies. We compare
different modes of initialization of the column generation procedure, we present our numerical study of various stabilization
strategies to accelerate convergence of the procedure. We compare in particular the impact of the various ways of introducing
local exchanges in our primal model and other stabilization techniques
such as dual solution smoothing techniques or penalization from a
stability center that prevent the fluctuation of the dual variables.
To generate the columns we study different strategies based on the use of heuristic columns or on a multiple generation of columns.
We also consider the use of heuristics based on column generation to find a primal bound. These are compared to a classic constructive heuristic. Then, we compare the different branching rules that are used in the branch-and-price procedure.
Finally, we present numerical results on two industrial applications that
correspond to the variant with technical restrictions for which we
minimize first the waste and then the number of setups.
Stoica, Dragos Constantin. "Analyse, représentation et optimisation de la circulation des avions sur une plate-forme aéroportuaire." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7298/1/stoica.pdf.
Full textGueye, Serigne Abdoulaye. "Linéarisation et relaxation lagrangienne pour problèmes quadratiques en variables binaires." Avignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AVIG0131.
Full textA quadratic 0/1 problem is an optimization problem where a quadratic objective function, subject to linear contraints, have to be minimized. In the general case, the problem is NP-Hard and arises in mathematical modeling of several real world applications. Exact methods, for solving the problem, are based on Branch-and-Bound scheme for which the corresponding lower bands may be divided in four groups : Semidefinite Relaxations, Lagrangean Relaxations, Posiform Methods and Linearization Techniques. In this thesis, linearization and lagrangean relaxation techniques have been particularly studied. Two instances of the general quadratic problem have been considered : "the graph bipartitioning problem and the unconstrained quadratic 0/1 problem". For the graph bipartitioning problem, an hybrid scheme, mixing linearization and lagrangean relaxations, have been proposed. The new scheme provides significative improvements compared to the state-of-the-art approaches. For the unconstrained quadratic 0/1 problem, a general linearization framework, unifying and generalizing the existing linearization techniques have been proposed. Based on this new framework, including many linear models, some new linearizations have been tested. In comparison with existing linearizations, many encouraging results have been noticed in the numerical tests
Assane, Soumare. "Gestion de la production à coûts concaves : quelques problèmes liés à la possibilité de rupture de stock." Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090014.
Full textRégnier, Pascal. "Conduite réactive des systèmes de production : intégration des régimes périodique et événementiel." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10520.
Full textVignier, Antony. "Contribution à la résolution des problèmes d'ordonnancement de type monogamme, multimachine (Flow-Shop Hybride)." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR4026.
Full textDuquesne, Christophe-Marie. "Intégration du déploiement de flotte et du service aux passagers dans la gestion de la planification pour compagnie aérienne." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953136.
Full textLevasseur, Nicolas. "Heuristiques de recherche pour la résolution des WCSP." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2071.
Full textWeighted Constraint Satisfaction Problem (WCSP) which are a generalization to the optimization of CSP, are usually solved by tree search methods combined with filtering algorithms or local search methods. Although many generic heuristics have been proposed for such methods in the CSP framework, this is not the case for WCSP yet. Our objective was to define and implement new generic heuristics dedicated to WCSP in order to efficiently guide search methods. For tree search methods, we have proposed several value ordering and variable ordering heuristics based on a global criterion, the H-Quality, which is less dependent on filtering mechanisms. For VNS based metaheuristics, we have proposed new neighborhood heuristics based on the concept of degree of freedom wich depend on the topology of graph of constraints. Then, we have proposed to extend them to the WCSP framework in order to take into account cost of constraints. In order to validate our contribution, we have made experiments on real-world problems (Radio Link Frequency Assignment Problem) (CELAR), random structured instances (GRAPH) and random instances. From these experiments, it appears that the concept of H-Quality is a relevant criterion to guide value ordering heuristics and interesting to guide variable ordering heuristics for high connectivity and high density instances. Neighborhood heuristics based degree of freedom and taking into account cost constraints offer better performance
Simonin, Cécile. "Planification de ressources multiples pour la recherche d’information." Rennes 1, 2008. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2008/simonin.pdf.
Full textThis PhD is related to Search Theory, which is the field of Operations Research which deals with maximizing the detection of one or more (static or moving) targets, by optimizing the detection resources placement. Our work deals with the detection of Markovian targets, when search resources are scarce compared to the size of the space of search where targets are hidden. The space of search must then be partitioned into search zones, to which search resources (sensors) must be allotted. It results in hierarchical search problems, which have not been much studied in the literature. Two problems of importance for the Intelligence community are stated. First, we consider cross-cueing search. In such problems, a target needs to be detected at the same time by two different sensors. We also consider the cross-cueing search in a monosensor framework: a target must be detected by the same sensor at consecutive time periods. Then, the multitarget search is detailed. In this kind of problems, the goal is to optimize search of more than one targets by means of a unique sensor
Hijazi, Hassan. "Optimisation non-linéaire mixte en nombres entiers pour la conception de réseaux en télécommunications." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22107/document.
Full textIn our work, we rely on the powerful arsenal of mathematical programming theory to model telecommunication problems and devise efficient methods for solving them. Our goal is to comply to real life constraints when defining optimal routing strategies and designing efficient capacity planning tools. Theoretical contributions apply the field of Mixed Integer Non-Linear Optimization. Among relevant results, let us mention :Explicit formulations of convex hulls in disjunctive programming, generalizing the famous perspective formulationsTractable compact formulations of problems featuring inerval uncertainty in Robust OptimizationAn efficient Outer-Inner approximation algorithm for solving large families of separable mixed Integer Non-Linear Programs (MINLPs) and Second Order Cone Programs (SOCPs), outperforming state-of-the-art commercial solvers.In the application part, our work aims at introducing reliable telecommunication networks, offering appropriate and guaranteed Quality of Service to all its customers. Today, Wide Access Networks (WAN), Virtual Private Networks (VPN) or IP-based Backbones carry a wide range services, namely: voice, video streaming and data traffic. Each one of these contents has its own performance requirements. Unfortunately, best effort algorithms are implemented at all levels, offering no guarantee for delay sensitive applications. Is it possible to build routing strategies guaranteeing upper bounds on source-to-destination delays? Can we make these routing protocols to delay variation ? Does service differentiation affect capacity planning decisions ? Answers to these questions will be developed in this thesis
Toumi, Khaled. "Aide à la décision dans le cadre de la problématique de la description : une approche inductive pour décrire et expliquer." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090074.
Full textLebbar, Maria. "Résolution de problèmes combinatoires dans l'industrie : apport de la programmation mathématique et des techniques de décomposition." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0674.
Full textMelliti, Tarek. "Interopérabilité des services Web Complexes : Application aux systèmes multi-agents." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090024.
Full textThis work concerns the formalization of operational interoperabilility between two communicating systems and particularly between the composite services. Formalization retranscribes the possibility of a correct interaction between two communicating systems using different specifications. This formalization materializes in three steps: Firstly, we define the observability as a reference of abstraction to express the semantics of different specification. Then, we propose a relation of conformity on the states of two systems which retranscribes the concept of correct interaction. Lastly, we define a synthesis algorithm which, being given the specification of a composite service and its observable semantics, either generates a correct client or detect an ambiguous behaviour. This work lead to a realisation of a composite Web services interaction plate-form and an environment of multi-agent systems integration
Quadri, Dominique. "Résolution du problème du multi-sac-à-dos quadratique en variables entières." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090027.
Full textThis thesis deals with the integer quadratic multi-knapsack problem (QMKP). This problem is NP-hard. We first study a special case of (QMKP): the integer quadratic multi-knapsack problem where the objective function is concave and separable. In this context, we develop a branch-and-bound algorithm to solve (QMKP) to optimality. This method is based on the computation of a tight upper bound for (QMKP) which is derived from a linearization and a surrogate relaxation. Our branch-and-bound also incorporates pre-processing procedures. The computational performance of our branch-and-bound is compared to that of three exact methods: a branch-and-bound algorithm developed by Djerdjour et al. (1988), a 0-1 linearization method originally applied to the separable quadratic knapsack problem with a single constraint that we extend to the case of m constraints, a standard branch-and-bound algorithm (Cplex9. 0 quadratic optimization). Our branch-and-bound clearly outperforms other methods for large instances (up to 2000 variables and constraints in 5 minutes). Finally, we suggest a theoretical approach to solve the problem (QMKP) where the objective function is concave and non separable. We transform the non separable problem into a separable in order to be able to apply our branch-and-bound for the separable case in this context
Boulanger, Célia. "Heuristiques basées sur la programmation mathématique pour des problèmes de localisation et de routage." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/097f03a9-5364-4c57-afd3-697ff1edf975.
Full textThe aim of this PHD is the modelisation of two transportation problems of operationnal research. . These problems are routing problem and location problem. The first one studied is the location-routing problem with capacity constraints on facilities. Three methods are proposed to solve this problem. The two first are hybrid heuristics, mixing linear programs and a tabou search. The third method is based on a column generation method. These three contributions have been developped and tested to see their efficienty. We obtain good results, the best method giving most of the best results of the thirty instances. The second problem studied is a biobjectif travelling salesman problem on a particular graphe where some vertices have to be visited. A heuristic has been developed to solve this biobjective problem. To evaluate results obtained, an exacte method has been developed too
Marest, Philippe. "Eléments pour l'information de la composante management du système d'information." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090050.
Full textDoulcier, Laurent Jean. "Elaboration de classes qualitatives pour l'aide à la décision en conception architecturale de l'éclairage mixte d'un local." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9808.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the way of integrating some technical sight into architecture. The practical experience is taken into account. This concerns the steps where precision is not a big issue. It joins by the side of technical items, regard-value items and economical criterion. This work takes place in the continuity of new outlooks opened by the very new theorical studies of the Architecturology « school ». It is based on rank idea in some typical architecturology scales. This rank idea paradox in the design process continuum, leads to understand it better, by the mean of links between it and qualitatives and numeric tools which operates as a measuring tools. Some simple operations upon ranks allows afterwards to qualify situations where several criterions take place simultaneously without requiring a sophisticated mathematic. The sub-problem of the lighting was hold to be studied thoroughly. It reduces this field to the slightly studied area of the lighting of small trading shops. A semi quantitative and qualitative analysis of a standard shop brightness in natural and electric compound lighting is led from the conventional technical tools. We analyse systematically the sensitiveness to all its different parameters. We use a rule of brightness levels on the key planes and on the minimal annual energy consummation of electric lighting, with all due respect to the normalised lighting during the business hours. The following sensitiveness parameters set is systematically analised : shop area, shop shape, openings surface and location, transparency quality of the glasses, orientation according to cardinal points, hight and brightness of facing buildings, brightness of interior materials, investments and using costs. These parameters lead to define the first tehnical items of natural and electric compound lighting for an outline of the project, which tipicaly validate a new oprational concept : the Uniform Reflection Factor Equivalent to the Trio ceiling-wall-floor (URFET, FRUET in french language). This factor reduces the combination set of three continuous parameters, the factors of diffuse reflection of the faces, to a single one which can be easily computed because the definition of the ranks of interior brightness is relevant. The ranks and qualitative and semi numeric iems handled by our approach, can be used by a designer who is non expert in lighting field, and is understandable by a governor-customer. Syntetic graphics allow to quickly qualify variants of design of a concrete case, and to lead the choices in simple dialogue between the designer and his customer
Ribault, Alnour. "Optimisation de la consommation d’énergie d’un entrepôt frigorifique : double approche par la recherche opérationnelle et l’apprentissage automatique." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2008.
Full textCold storage in Europe consume important amounts of energy to maintain cold rooms at low temperatures. The cold production control method most commonly used in cold stores does not account for variations in the price of electricity caused by the fluctuating needs of the electrical network. The thermal inertia of the cold rooms as well as the coolant tank could be used as energy storage. Moreover, the compressors are often used at suboptimal production levels. Those practices lead to extra energy consumption costs.In the present research work, two approaches are proposed to improve the control of cold stores. The first approach is based on the mathematical modelling of the cold stores, and by the application of optimisation algorithms to those models in order to generate energy consumption schedules with minimal cost. The second approach, based on machine learning techniques, aims at establishing the best production decision in a given context by predicting the future cost generated by each possible production decision. These two approaches are compared to the most common control method for cold stores
Abdou, Joseph. "Fonctions d'effectivité et jeux coopératifs." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010017.
Full textRamu, Jean-Philippe. "Efficience d'une documentation opérationnelle contextuelle sur la performance des pilotes de transport aérien." Toulouse, ISAE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ESAE0020.
Full textZaytoon, Janan. "Extension de l'analyse fonctionnelle à l’étude de la sécurité opérationnelle des systèmes automatises de production." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0016.
Full textOne of the objectives of the evaluation of the Operational Safety level for an Automated Manufacturing System consists of the determination of critical production situations. Therefore our research work aims at integrating the safety constraints into the service provided by a functional model. The first chapter introduces the different methods of specification and design of Automated Manufacturing Systems as well as the dependability techniques. This survey justified the use of the methods : SADT and FMEA. The second chapter presents the operational Safety concept and the problems of dependability integration in system specification and design. The structured approach of Operational Safety integration that was used in the project CASCIS is then presented. The specification assistance approach presented in chapter 3 is based upon the use of generic activities on the one hand and upon the validation of the specification consistency with respect to requirement definition on the other hand. Typical classes of production activities and flows are established in order to generate the associated functional FMEA. The fourth chapter presents the work carried out to complete the functional approach of SADT by the specification and the generation of a temporal SADT model which maintains the advantages of the original model. A discrete event simulator, based on an object oriented language, was designed in order to directly simulate the behaviour of the SADT model
Tangpattanakul, Panwadee. "Optimisation multi-objectif de missions de satellites d'observation de la Terre." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00903756.
Full textCasorran, Amilburu Carlos. "Formulations and Algorithms for General and Security Stackelberg Games." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/259557.
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Benoist, Thierry. "Relaxations et décompositions combinatoires." Avignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AVIG0135.
Full textMalod-Dognin, Noël. "Protein structure comparison : from contact map overlap maximisation to distance-based alignment search tool." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S015.
Full textUne hypothèse féconde de la biologie structurale est que les protéines partageant des structures tri-dimensionnelles similaires sont susceptibles de partager des fonctions similaires et de provenir d'un ancêtre commun. Déterminer la similarité entre deux structures protéiques est une tâche importante qui à été largement étudiée. Parmi toutes les méthodes proposées, nous nous intéressons à la mesure de similarité appelée Maximisation du Recouvrement de Cartes de Contacts (CMO). Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un cadre général pour modéliser la comparaison de deux structures protéiques dans des graphes k-partis spécifiques appelés graphes d'alignements. Puis, nous modélisons CMO comme une recherche de sous-graphe maximum induit par les arêtes dans des graphes d'alignements, problème pour lequel nous proposons un solveur exact qui surpasse les autres algorithmes de la littérature. Cependant, la procédure d'alignement requière encore trop de temps de calculs pour envisager des comparaisons à grande échelle. Afin d'accélérer davantage CMO, nous proposons une approche hiérarchique basée sur les structures secondaires. Enfin, bien que CMO soit une très bonne mesure de similarité, les alignements qu'elle fournit possèdent souvent de fortes valeurs de déviation (RMSD). Pour palier à cette faiblesse, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode de comparaison basée sur les distances internes que nous appelons DAST. Elle est modélisée comme une recherche de clique maximum dans des graphes d'alignements, pour laquelle nous présentons un solveur dédié montrant de très bonnes performances
Zolghadri, Mahmoud. "Contribution à la modélisation agrégée des systèmes de production discrète." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10532.
Full textSoukhal, Ameur. "Ordonnancement simultané des moyens de transformation et de transport." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR4010.
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