Academic literature on the topic 'Recipient model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Recipient model"
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Fast, LD, CR Valeri, and JP Crowley. "Immune responses to major histocompatibility complex homozygous lymphoid cells in murine F1 hybrid recipients: implications for transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease." Blood 86, no. 8 (1995): 3090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.8.3090.3090.
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Abstract Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is currently encountered after bone marrow transplantation and transfusion. GVHD associated with transfusion (TA-GVHD) in apparently immunocompetent recipients has been recently reported with increasing frequency. A consistent finding in many of these cases is that the recipient received blood from a donor homozygous for one of the recipient's HLA haplotypes. However, the observed frequency of TA-GVHD is much lower than the estimated probability of this donor/recipient combination. The potential role of recipient immune responses in controlling TA-GVHD was investigated using an analogous murine model in which GVHD is induced by the injection of parental lymphoid cells into unirradiated F1 hybrid recipients. The effect of various immune manipulations of the recipient of GVHD induction was assessed by determining the number of donor lymphoid cells required to induce GVHD responses. Whereas depletion of recipient CD4+ cells increased the number of donor cells needed to induce GVHD, depletion of recipient CD8+ and natural killer cells resulted in fewer donor cells being needed to induce a GVHD response. These studies suggest a central role for functioning recipient CD8 and natural killer cells in the down-regulation of TA-GVHD development in recipients.
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Fast, LD, CR Valeri, and JP Crowley. "Immune responses to major histocompatibility complex homozygous lymphoid cells in murine F1 hybrid recipients: implications for transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease." Blood 86, no. 8 (1995): 3090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.8.3090.bloodjournal8683090.
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Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is currently encountered after bone marrow transplantation and transfusion. GVHD associated with transfusion (TA-GVHD) in apparently immunocompetent recipients has been recently reported with increasing frequency. A consistent finding in many of these cases is that the recipient received blood from a donor homozygous for one of the recipient's HLA haplotypes. However, the observed frequency of TA-GVHD is much lower than the estimated probability of this donor/recipient combination. The potential role of recipient immune responses in controlling TA-GVHD was investigated using an analogous murine model in which GVHD is induced by the injection of parental lymphoid cells into unirradiated F1 hybrid recipients. The effect of various immune manipulations of the recipient of GVHD induction was assessed by determining the number of donor lymphoid cells required to induce GVHD responses. Whereas depletion of recipient CD4+ cells increased the number of donor cells needed to induce GVHD, depletion of recipient CD8+ and natural killer cells resulted in fewer donor cells being needed to induce a GVHD response. These studies suggest a central role for functioning recipient CD8 and natural killer cells in the down-regulation of TA-GVHD development in recipients.
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Zheng, Yama W. L., K. C. Allen Chan, Hao Sun, et al. "Nonhematopoietically Derived DNA Is Shorter than Hematopoietically Derived DNA in Plasma: A Transplantation Model." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 3 (2012): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.169318.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Plasma DNA is predominantly hematopoietic in origin. The size difference between maternal- and fetal-derived DNA in maternal plasma prompted us to investigate whether there was any discrepancy in molecular size between hematopoietically and nonhematopoietically derived DNA in plasma. METHODS Plasma DNA samples from 6 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and 1 liver transplant recipient were analyzed by massively parallel paired-end sequencing. The size of each fragment was deduced from the alignment positions of the paired reads. In sex-mismatched transplant recipients, the reads from chromosome Y were used as markers for the male donor/recipient. For other transplant recipients, the reads of the donor- and recipient-specific alleles were identified from the single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes. RESULTS In male patients receiving female hematopoietic stem cells, more chromosome Y–derived DNA molecules (nonhematopoietically derived) were ≤150 bp than the autosome-derived ones (mainly hematopoietically derived) (median difference, 9.9%). In other hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, more recipient-specific DNA molecules (nonhematopoietically derived) were ≤150 bp than the donor-specific ones (hematopoietically derived) (median difference, 14.8%). In the liver transplant recipient, more donor-derived DNA molecules (liver derived) were ≤150 bp than the recipient-derived ones (mainly hematopoietically derived) (difference, 13.4%). The nonhematopoietically derived DNA exhibited a reduction in a 166-bp peak compared with the hematopoietically derived DNA. A 10-bp periodicity in size distribution below approximately 143 bp was observed in both DNA populations. CONCLUSIONS Massively parallel sequencing is a powerful tool for studying posttransplantation chimerism. Plasma DNA molecules exhibit a distinct fragmentation pattern, with the nonhematopoietically derived molecules being shorter than the hematopoietically derived ones.
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Teipel, Raphael, Johannes Schetelig, Michael Kramer, et al. "Prediction of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Yield after Mobilization with GCSF in Healthy Unrelated Donors." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1128.1128.
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Abstract Introduction: The collection of hematopoietic stem cells from the peripheral blood in healthy donors has been established as a highly efficient method in clinical practice. Nevertheless, there are some donors who mobilize poorly despite adequate mobilization regimes. Several factors influencing the process of stem cell mobilization have previously been discussed in the literature. Methods: In total, the data of 7.216 unrelated donors who underwent GCSF-induced stem cell mobilization and collection in two German apheresis centers between July 1997 and August 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. We systematically analyzed more than 30 factors with potential influence on the mobilization process and established a statistically stable model in order to predict the mobilization efficacy and the harvest success in unrelated stem cell donors. Based on empirical data and standard values, we created three model donors of each gender with different donor profiles (favorable/average/unfavorable). In those model donors we calculated the corresponding likelihood of a successful stem cell harvest dependent on the recipient’s weight. Results: Overall, ten variables with high statistical significance were included in the prediction model. Body mass index, platelet count, absolute lymphocyte count and the relative monocyte count correlated positively with the CD34+ count in the peripheral blood after five days of GCSF use (p < 0.0001 in a multivariate analysis). In contrast, female sex, age, smoking, lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), relative monocyte count, and the relative large unstained cell count were associated negatively with the CD34+ count on day five (p < 0.0001 in a multivariate analysis). In order to predict the harvest success (collection of > 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight after first apheresis) three different models were compared in a ROC-analysis. The first model was purely based on female sex and recipient weight. The second model additionally contained the predicted CD34+ counts. Finally, in the third model the actual observed CD34+ counts were included. By adding the predicted CD34+ counts to the simple model, a significant improvement of the predictability of a harvest success could be viewed although a considerable difference comparing these results to the model with the observed CD34+ counts remained (figure 1). Furthermore, the prediction of harvest success in model donors (figure 2) revealed that donors with a favorable donor profile (covariates set to the most favorable values within the normal range) showed a particular high likelihood for a successful harvest (100 % likelihood, irrespective to donor’s gender or recipient’s weight). The likelihood for a successful harvest in male donors with an average distribution of covariates (covariates set to the empirical mean value) was nearly 100% as well even in donations for heavy recipients. Contrary, the likelihood for an average female donor was high in normal weight recipients (97 %; 60 kg recipient) but decreased with rising recipient weight (78 %; 140 kg recipient). In donors with an unfavorable profile (covariates set to the worst values within the normal range), especially in females, the chance for a successful stem cell collection was poor even when donating for light recipients (54 % in males, 10 % in females; 60 kg recipient). Conclusions: In conclusion, multiple factors with influence on the CD34+ count after GCSF mobilization in healthy donors have been identified. With the prediction model a significant gain in the predictability of a harvest success could be achieved though a certain amount of unexplained variance still remains. Model donors with a favorable or average donor profile had a high likelihood for a successful stem cell collection. In donors with an unfavorable profile, especially in females, the chance for a harvest success was very low. Figure 1: Prediction of harvest success (> 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight after 1st apheresis) Figure 1:. Prediction of harvest success (> 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight after 1st apheresis) Abb.: AUC – area under the curve Figure 2: Probability of harvest success in model donors (> 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight after 1st apheresis) Figure 2:. Probability of harvest success in model donors (> 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight after 1st apheresis) Disclosures Schmidt: Cellex GmbH: Employment. Ehninger:Cellex GmbH: Equity Ownership. Off Label Use: G-CSF.
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Onishchenko, N. A., A. O. Nikolskaya, Z. Z. Gonikova, L. A. Kirsanova, M. Yu Shagidulin, and V. I. Sevastianov. "Regenerative and hepatospecific activity of total RNA from xenogenic bone marrow cells." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 23, no. 1 (2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2021-1-43-48.
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Objective: to study the peculiarities of the induction effect of total RNA (tRNA) from xenogenic bone marrow cells (BMCs) on regeneration processes in the recipient's native liver with extensive liver resection using an adoptive transfer model. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on an adoptive transfer model using male Wistar rats (n = 20) and guinea pigs (n = 17). The donors were rats (n = 10). 12 hours after extensive liver resection (70-75%), tRNA was isolated from BMCs and injected into intact (non-operated) recipients intraperitoneally at a dose of 30 μg/100 g of weight. The induction effect of the tRNA on operated rats was studied in 3 groups of recipients: Group 1 (control, n = 5) - administration of saline to guinea pigs; Group 2 (control, n = 10) - administration of tRNA from a donor rat to a recipient rat (allogeneic transfer); Group 3 (experiment, n = 12) - administration of tRNA from a donor rat to a recipient guinea pig (xenogeneic transfer). In histological preparations of recipient livers, after 48, 72 hours and 7 days, we studied the mitotic activity of hepatocytes and the features of the microscopic picture of the liver. The significance of differences in the compared groups was assessed using the parametric Student's t-test. Results. The ability of BMC tRNA to tissue-specifically activate regenerative and immune responses in the liver after extensive resection was found to depend on the donor and recipient species identity. Introduction of allogeneic donor tRNA in the recipient's liver resulted in predominant enhancement in hepatocyte mitotic activity (p < 0.05). The use of xenogeneic donor tRNA leads to enhanced activity of only immuno-inflammatory reactions in the recipient's liver, such as sinusoidal cell activation, lymphocytic infiltration into sinusoids, and portal tract infiltration by inflammatory cells. Conclusion. To induce regenerative processes in the liver, tRNA obtained from allogeneic BMCs should be used.
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Heinemann, Jack A., Heidi E. Scott, and Meredith Williams. "Doing the Conjugative Two-step: Evidence of Recipient Autonomy in Retrotransfer." Genetics 143, no. 3 (1996): 1425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/143.3.1425.
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Abstract Bidirectional exchange of genetic information, called retrotransfer, during bouts of bacterial conjugation has drawn the interest of those concerned with the risk of releasing genetically engineered microbes, the fluidity of genes among species, and the mechanism of DNA transport between cells. The phenomenon has generated two models in explanation, both of which yield highly testable predictions. The first model, called the one-step, predicts that the flow of genes from recipient bacteria to donor bacteria is mechanistically distinct from, but dependent on, conjugation between donors and recipients. The second model, called the two-step, predicts that the same genetic requirements and mechanistic constraints apply to the process of gene flow from recipients to donors as for gene flow from donors to recipients. The requirement for expression of at least 10 plasmid-encoded genes in recipients, sensitivity of the reverse flow (recipient to donor) to restriction of DNA transferring from the donor, and the requirement of an additional 30–90 min for DNA to flow from recipients back to donors are predictions of the two-step model and directly refute the one-step model. Retrotransfer of genes to donors during conjugation remains genetically and physically indistinguishable from two successive rounds of conjugation between neighbors.
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Xu, Yajing, Heather F. Johnston, Stephen J. Forman, and Defu Zeng. "Oral Administration of Ibrutinib Is Ineffective at Preventing Scleroderma in Chronic Gvhd in Two Preclinical Mouse Models." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 3818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3818.3818.
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Abstract We have established two mouse models of chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD): one is an MHC-matched DBA/2 donor to BALB/c recipient, and this model amplifies the role of CD4+ T and B cells in transplants; the other model is an MHC-mismatched C57BL/6 donor to BALB/c recipient, and this model amplifies the role of de novo-developed CD4+ T and B cells. BALB/c recipients in both models started to develop scleroderma ~35 days after transplantation of donor spleen and bone marrow cells and this peaked ~50 days after transplantation. BALB/c recipients given DBA/2 transplants also developed proteinuria due to IgG anti-dsDNA autoantibody deposition in the glomeruli. We have reported that donor CD4+ T and B cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD (J. Immunol 2012 and 2013). Administration by I.V. injection of depleting anti-CD20 prevented induction of chronic GVHD in both models (Biol. Blood and Marrow Transplant 2014). In the current studies, using these two models, we tested whether oral administration of Ibrutinib could prevent induction of cGVHD. Ibrutinib was gavaged at 12.5 mg/kg/day from day 0 to day 30 or given in drinking water at 35 mg/kg/day (0.16 mg/ml) from day 0 to day 50. We found that administration of Ibrutinib significantly delayed the onset of proteinuria in the model of DBA/2 donor to BALB/c recipient, but accelerated the onset and increased the severity of scleroderma in 20/20 recipients given DBA/2 transplants and 9/9 recipients given C57BL/6 transplants as measured by a clinical score system. Administration of Ibrutinib significantly reduced CD138+B220lo plasma cells but not CD138-B220+ B cells in the spleen and peripheral lymph nodes of both recipients. Administration of Ibrutinib slightly reduced CD4+ T cell numbers in the spleen but significantly increased CD4+ T cell numbers in the peripheral lymph nodes, although there was no significant impact on CD4+ T cell expression of IFN-g and TNF-α in both recipients. These results indicate that, although oral administration of Ibrutinib is able to reduce B cell activation and differentiation into plasma cells, it is ineffective at inhibiting the CD4+ T cell expansion that mediates scleroderma in the models of DBA/2 donor to MHC-matched BALB/c recipient and C57BL/6 donor to MHC-mismatched BALB/c recipient. Our result is in contrast to a previous report showing that oral administration of Ibrutinib prevented induction of chronic GVHD with bronchiolitis obliterans in a mouse model and reversed scleroderma in another mouse model (Poster 2591, AACR 2014, San Diego). Further discussion about the differences is warranted. (This work was supported by Nesvig Lymphoma Foundation). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Hendrickson, Jeanne E., Nicole H. Smith, Kathryn R. Girard-Pierce, et al. "Development of a Murine Model of Weak Kel: Similarities to Weak Rh(D)." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.842.842.
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Abstract Abstract 842 Introduction: Aspects of RBC antigens that define their immunogenicity are not fully understood. Multiple studies in humans have demonstrated Rh(D) to be the most immunogenic RBC antigen, yet the same antigen present in lower copy number (weak Rh(D)) is, with rare exception, considered non-immunogenic. A better understanding of factors influencing RBC alloimmunogenicity would be helpful in predicting antibody responses in transfusion and pregnancy situations alike, as well as in managing donor RBC inventory. Herein, we describe the generation of transgenic mice with different levels of RBC specific expression of the clinically significant human KEL2 antigen, and test the hypothesis that antigen density impacts recipient immune response post-transfusion. Materials and Methods: Mice with RBC specific expression of KEL2 were generated utilizing constructs containing the human KEL2 sequence expressed behind a B-globin promoter, using a random integration approach. TER119+, CD45+, and CD41+ cells were evaluated by flow cytometry for KEL expression using monoclonal anti-Jsa and anti-Kpb, and RBC antigen density was estimated utilizing QIFIKIT beads. MuMT recipients were transfused with RBCs labeled with a lipophilic dye, and post-transfusion RBC recovery and antigen expression were evaluated by flow cytometry. To determine the immunogenicity of KEL2 or weak KEL2 RBCs, RBCs were transfused into C57BL/6 recipients every 2–3 weeks in the presence or absence of poly (I:C) pre-treatment. Recipient serum was analyzed by flow cytometric crossmatch with KEL2 or C57BL/6 RBC targets, using IgM or IgG secondary antibodies. To determine the effect of recipient RBC expression of weak KEL2 on the immunogenicity of KEL2 RBCs, weak KEL2 animals were transfused with KEL2 RBCs, the clearance of lipophilic labeled RBCs was tracked, and anti-KEL was evaluated on the transfused RBCs and also in the serum. Results: KEL2 RBCs have approximately 1200 antigenic sites per cell, whereas weak KEL2 RBCs have fewer than 200 sites; flow cytometric studies of TER 119+, CD45+, and CD41+ cells suggest both strains have RBC specific KEL expression. Transfusion of KEL2 or weak KEL2 RBCs into muMT animals resulted in stable post-transfusion RBC recovery and antigen expression. In 3/3 experiments (n=30 animals), all C57BL/6 recipients of KEL2 RBCs generated detectable anti-KEL IgM and IgG, which boosted with subsequent transfusions and which was enhanced in the presence of recipient inflammation with poly (I:C). However, in 2/2 experiments (n=20 animals), weak KEL RBCs led to no detectable antibody (IgM or IgG) in C57BL/6 recipients following 3 transfusions, even in the presence of recipient pre-treatment with poly (I:C). Furthermore, weak KEL2 recipients of KEL2 RBCs generated no detectable IgG and demonstrated no clearance of KEL2 RBCs, though low levels of anti-KEL IgM were detectable on the transfused RBCs and in the serum from approximately 5–12 days post-transfusion. Discussion: As hypothesized, antigen density significantly impacts the immunogenicity of KEL RBCs in this reductionist murine alloimmunization model. C57BL/6 recipients, like Rh(D) negative recipients, lack the human antigen in question (KEL2 in this case), and recipient antibody responses to weak KEL2 are, like most recipient responses to weak Rh(D), undetectable. Strengths of the KEL2 and weak KEL2 system include the fact that these animals are, to the best of our knowledge, genetically identical except for RBC KEL antigen copy number. Thus, this system allows for detailed analyses of the immune response to KEL RBCs with different antigen densities, on both the donor and recipient side of the equation, without confounding factors encountered in human studies (such as HLA presentation issues or considerations of the molecular basis of a particular type of weak Rh(D)). A better understanding of primary, secondary, and other immune responses in the KEL2 and weak KEL2 system may lay the groundwork for strategies to induce non-responsiveness to RBCs in humans, not only in the setting of transfusion medicine but also potentially in the setting of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Furthermore, translation of these and future findings in the KEL and weak KEL systems to Rh(D), weak Rh(D), and other human antigen systems may ultimately allow for creative solutions in blood inventory management. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Toomey, Niamh, �ine Monaghan, S�amus Fanning, and Declan Bolton. "Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes between Lactic Acid Bacteria in Model Rumen and Plant Environments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 10 (2009): 3146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02471-08.
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ABSTRACT Three wild-type dairy isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and one Lactococcus lactis control strain were analyzed for their ability to transfer antibiotic resistance determinants (plasmid or transposon located) to two LAB recipients using both in vitro methods and in vivo models. In vitro transfer experiments were carried out with the donors and recipients using the filter mating method. In vivo mating examined transfer in two natural environments, a rumen model and an alfalfa sprout model. All transconjugants were confirmed by Etest, PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and Southern blotting. The in vitro filter mating method demonstrated high transfer frequencies between all LAB pairs, ranging from 1.8 � 10−5 to 2.2 � 10−2 transconjugants per recipient. Transconjugants were detected in the rumen model for all mating pairs tested; however, the frequencies of transfer were low and inconsistent over 48 h (ranging from 1.0 � 10−9 to 8.0 � 10−6 transconjugants per recipient). The plant model provided an environment that appeared to promote comparatively higher transfer frequencies between all LAB pairs tested over the 9-day period (transfer frequencies ranged from 4.7 � 10−4 to 3.9 � 10−1 transconjugants per recipient). In our test models, dairy cultures of LAB can act as a source of mobile genetic elements encoding antibiotic resistance that can spread to other LAB. This observation could have food safety and public health implications.
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Slichter, Sherrill J., Esther Pellham, S. Lawrence Bailey, et al. "Leukofiltration plus pathogen reduction prevents alloimmune platelet refractoriness in a dog transfusion model." Blood 130, no. 8 (2017): 1052–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-07-726901.
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Key Points Eight weekly transfusions of F-LR + pathogen-reduced donor platelets were accepted by 31 of 32 (97%) recipient dogs. Among accepting recipients, none developed lymphocyte and only 2 had platelet antibodies not associated with platelet refractoriness.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Recipient model"
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Madsen, Joren Christian. "A genetic analysis of antigen-induced specific unresponsiveness using recipient cells transfected with donor MHC genes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302818.
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Stenvall, Brita. "Känslighets- och osäkerhetsanalys av parametrar och indata i dagvatten- och recipientmodellen StormTac." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88864.
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<p>Three methods of sensitivity and unceartainty analysis have been applied to the operative stormwater- and recipient model StormTac. The study area is the watershed of lake Flaten in the municipality Salem. StormTac’s submodels for stormwater, pollutant transport and the recipient are cosidired. In the sensitivity assessment, the model parametres and inputs were varied one at a time by a constant percentage according to the “one at a time” (OAAT) method and the response of the outputs were calculated. It was found that the stormwater- and baseflow were most sensitive to perturbations in the perciptation. Unceartainty analysis using Monte Carlo simulation was performed in two different ways. (1) All model parametres and inputs were included with defined unceartainties and the resulting unceartainty for the target variable was quantified. Thereafter, whith the purpose to estimate the contribution of all the parametres and inputs, the cumulative uncertainty for the target variable, each parameters/inputs unceartainty was omitted one at the time. The most crucial uncertainty for the storm water flow was the runoff coefficient for forestland and the perciptation (i.e the differens between the 90- and 10-percentile for the storm water flow was reduced whith 44 % and 33 % respectively). (2) To identify optimal parameter intervals, the probability for an acceptable value of the target variable was plotted against each parameters value range. The result suggests that for some of the parametres i StormTac, the ranges should be changed.</p><br><p>Den operativa dagvatten- och recipientmodellen StormTac har applicerats på sjön Flatens avrinningsområde i Salems kommun. StormTac:s delmodeller för dagvatten, föroreningstransport och recipienten studerades. Tre olika metoder för att undersöka osäkerheten och känsligheten hos parametrar och indata i delmodellerna tillämpades. I känslighetsanalysen (OAAT-metoden) behäftades parametervärdena och indata med systematiska fel och responsen hos utdata beräknades. Dag- och basvattenflödet var känsligast mot fel i nederbördsdata, medan kväve-, fosfor- och kopparbelastningen till recipienten var känsligast mot respektive förorenings dagvattenkoncentration från områden med bebyggelse. Varje parameter och indatas bidrag till den kumulativa osäkerheten hos utdata uppskattades med hjälp av Montecarlosimulering. Genom att för varje effektvariabel studera differensen mellan 90- och 10-percentilen när osäkerheten hos en parameter/indata i taget utelämnades, kunde varje parameters/indatas bidrag till modellresultatets osäkerhet kvantifieras. För dagvattenflödet bidrog avrinningskoefficienten för skogmark med 44 % av osäkerheten och nederbörden med 33 %. Montecarloanlys praktiserades även för att identifiera optimala intervall för parametrarna i modellen. Sannolikheten för ett accepterat värde på den simulerade effektvariabeln plottades mot varje parameters värdemängd. För vissa parametrar indikerade resultatet att intervallen kan förändras mot hur de i nuläget ser ut i StormTac. Uniforma sannolikhetsfördelningar, begränsade av StormTac:s min- och maxvärden för parametrarna och ± 50% av orginalvärdet för indata, användes i båda osäkerhetsanalyserna.</p>
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Dacyl, Janina Wiktoria. "Between compassion and realpolitik : in search of a general model of the responses of recipient countries to large scale refugee flows with reference to the South-East Asian refugee crisis /." Stockholm : Univ. of Stockholm, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36665195g.
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Eklund, Jenny. "Massbalansmodellering av fosfor i ett åländskt kustområde : en utredning om lokaliseringen av Lotsbroverkets utloppsledning." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88913.
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<p>This report is commissioned by the Water and Sewage Agency in The City of Mariehamn, Åland. The basic aim is to investigate positive or negative effects of a relocation of the sewage pipe from a wastewater treatment plant, Lotsbroverket. The environmental licence of Lotsbroverket is to be revised and The Environmental Appeal Board at Åland’s Government and Administrative Board has made demands that several possible locations in an outer water area should be examined. The present location of the sewage pipe is in Svibyviken, which has been classified as an “inner water area”.</p><p>The objective of this work is to study to which extent the nutrient loading from Lotsbroverket influence the environmental conditions in Svibyviken, and to investigate the suitability of different locations of the wastewater pipe from Lotsbroverket.</p><p>The way a coastal area looks, i.e., its morphometry, determines to a large extent its ecological characteristics. The investigated coastal area was digitalized from a nautical chart. The software used for this was Roots 3.3 and the GIS-tool ArcGIS 8.3. The localization of the coastal boundaries for the entire coastal area and for investigated sub-areas was determined according to the topographical bottleneck method, i.e., the boundary lines were drawn where the exposure of the coast to the open sea is minimized.</p><p>A process-based dynamic mass-balance model for total phosphorous has been used in this study. Using this model, one can estimate and quantify the effects of different nutrient sources in coastal areas. All the fluxes of phosphorous to, from and within the defined areas were studied and ranked. Model simulations have shown how changes in any of the phosphorous fluxes influence the mean monthly concentrations of total phosphorous. The situation for total nitrogen was determined with a statistical/empirical regression model between phosphorous and nitrogen concentrations. To estimate the expected ecological effects from a change in the nutrient loading from Lotsbroverket, statistical/empirical correlations between modelled nutrient concentrations and ecological effect variables have been used. Standard effect variables for the study of eutrophication effects in coastal areas are, e.g., the chlorophyll concentration, Secchi depth and oxygen saturation in deep water. These variables have also been used in this study.</p><p>It has been shown that (1) the nutrient concentrations of the Baltic Sea controls the concentration of nutrients in the studied areas to a very large extent, (2) that the nutrient fluxes from Lotsbroverket are small compared to the nutrient fluxes from the Baltic Sea and hence also of minor importance for the nutrient state of the receiving water system, (3) that the influence of the nutrient emissions from Lotsbroverket are most noticeable in the present inner recipient, Svibyviken, and (4) that the impact logically decreases with distance between the location of the sewage pipe and boundary line to the open sea. The overall conclusion is that no major improvement of the conditions in Svibyviken can be expected by a reduction or a relocation of the nutrient emissions from Lotsbroverket.</p><br><p>Detta examensarbete är ett uppdrag av VA-verket vid Mariehamns stad, Åland, med syfte att utreda effekter av en eventuell flyttning av avloppsreningsverket Lotsbroverkets utloppsledning. Inför en revidering av Lotsbroverkets miljötillstånd har Miljöprövningsnämnden vid Ålands landskapsregering ställt villkor på att tillståndshavaren skall utreda möjligheter till att avleda det renade avloppsvattnet till ett yttre vattenområde. Utloppsledningen mynnar i dagsläget i Svibyviken, vilken har klassificerats som ett inre vattenområde.</p><p>Målsättningen med detta arbete är att belysa vilka ekologiska effekter näringsämnesutsläppet från Lotsbroverket har på primärrecipienten Svibyviken samt att undersöka några andra områdens lämplighet som mottagare av avloppsvattnet. Ett kustområdes utseende och form, det vill säga dess morfometri, avgör i stor utsträckning dess ekologiska förhållanden. För att få en god bild av det undersökta områdets morfometri digitaliserades området utifrån ett sjökort i digitaliseringsprogrammet Roots 3.3, varefter data bearbetades med GIS-verktyget ArcGIS 8.3. Avgränsning av kustområdet som helhet och av undersökta delområden gjordes enligt den topografiska flaskhalsmetoden, det vill säga så att kustens öppenhet mot utanförliggande hav eller vattenområde minimeras (Håkanson et al., 1984; Pilesjö et al., 1991).</p><p>För arbetet har en processbaserad, dynamisk massbalansmodell för totalfosfor använts. Modellen har tagits fram för att eutrofieringseffekter i kustområden skall kunna studeras (Håkanson & Karlsson, 2001). Vid användandet av modellen kan effekter av olika näringsämneskällor uppskattas och kvantifieras. Samtliga totalfosforflöden till, från och inom olika avgränsade områden har studerats och rangordnats. Modellsimuleringar har visat hur förändringar i något av fosfortillflödena inverkar på recipientens månadsmedelkoncentration av totalfosfor. Situationen för kväve har undersökts med hjälp av en statistisk/empirisk regressionsmodell mellan fosfor- och kvävehalt. För att belysa de ekologiska effekter som kan förväntas efter en förändring av Lotsbroverkets fosfor- och kväveutsläpp har statistiska/empiriska kopplingar gjorts mellan näringsämneskoncentrationer och ekologiska effektvariabler. Bra effektvariabler vid undersökning av eutrofieringseffekter är exempelvis klorofyllhalt, siktdjup samt syrgashalt i bottenvattnet. Dessa variabler har också använts i detta arbete.</p><p>Resultaten visar att (1) närsaltskoncentrationerna i de studerade områdena i hög grad styrs av den allmänna eutrofieringsnivån i Östersjön, (2) att utsläppet av näringsämnen från Lotsbroverket inte inverkar på recipientens näringsstatus i någon stor utsträckning, (3) att Lotsbroverkets påverkan är störst på nuvarande recipient, Svibyviken, (4) och att påverkan sedan successivt minskar ju längre ut mot öppna havet utloppsledningen lokaliseras. Slutsatsen av utredningen är att en reduktion av Lotsbroverkets utsläpp eller nylokalisering av utloppsledningen inte kan förväntas ge någon omfattande förbättring av tillståndet i Svibyviken.</p>
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Urbina, Jezabel. "Improving Nutrition among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Recipients Using a Monetary Incentive Model." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5668.
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The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the United States' largest government assistance program that aims to alleviate food insecurity. The SNAP program allows low-income individuals and families the ability to purchase nutritious foods through a monthly benefit. However, the current body of literature presents evidence of the program's counterproductive effect. The purpose of this study was to determine whether incentivizing SNAP recipients to purchase additional fruits and vegetables was beneficial in increasing such purchases. Social cognitive theory was used as a theoretical framework to address research questions associated with shopping patterns and attitudes and beliefs. This quantitative study used a randomized controlled trial to study differences between incentivized and control groups. The Healthy Incentives Pilot Program (HIP) used a stratified sampling of 55,095 SNAP households receiving benefits between July, 2011, and December, 2012. Statistical analyses (t test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis) were conducted to identify changes in food shopping patterns and eating behaviors associated with the HIP intervention. Results indicated that (a) incentivizing SNAP recipients leads to an increase in fruit and vegetable purchase, and (b) a correlation exists between fruit and vegetable purchase and attitudes and beliefs. No correlation was found between the intervention and changes in food shopping patterns. Positive social change implications include the improvement of health outcomes in over 43 million people currently enrolled in the SNAP program on a national level.
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Sumell, Albert Joseph. "The Role of Amenities in the Location Decisions of Ph.D. Recipients in Science and Engineering." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/10.
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Location-specific amenities have been shown to play an increasingly important role in individual migration decisions. The role certain amenities play in the location decisions of the highly educated may be the cause of persistent regional differences in certain types of human capital, and consequently in regional productivity. This dissertation examines the determinants of the location decisions of new Ph.D. recipients in science and engineering (S&E). A discrete choice random utility model of the city location decisions of new Ph.D.s is developed to estimate preferences for city attributes as well as willingness to pay for improved amenity quality. By estimating the value Ph.D.s place on various urban amenities, the results of this research help inform policymakers as to their ability (or inability) to attract and retain highly educated workers to their region through public investment in amenity quality. To link the choice of city with the geographic attributes of cities, a unique micro dataset is used which reports the planned employment city location of S&E Ph.D. recipients in the U.S. at the time of degree. The primary data comes from the 1997-1999 Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED), administered by Science Resources Statistics of the National Science Foundation. The SED is given to all new doctorate recipients in the U.S. at or near the time of degree, and has a response rate over 90%. The application focuses on approximately 23,000 new Ph.D.s who received their degree in one of twelve S&E fields during the period 1997-1999, and who had made a definite commitment to an employer in a known U.S. metropolitan area. The results consistently suggest that natural amenities, such as summer or winter temperatures, play a larger role in the location decisions of new S&E Ph.D.s than reproducible amenities, such as crime or air quality. The implication is that policymakers have only a limited ability to improve the composition of their workforce through amenity investment. The results also indicate that the influence of amenities on location choice is related to a number of observable characteristics such as age, race, marital status, citizenship, and Ph.D.s’ previous migration behavior.
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Greer, Tammy R. "Cooperative Growth: The Political Economy Impacts on the Recipient Communities in Metropolitan Atlanta, GA." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2017. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/89.
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The purpose of the research was to conduct a study of the impact of gentrification on the Metropolitan Atlanta area. This research focused on the policies that influenced or affected recipient communities because of gentrification. These changes are attributed to residents relocating from various sections of a transitioned community to another community. Available research, however, does not fully address the new challenges recipient communities face because of a boost in its population. Current research does not fully address the pressure on recipient communities’ resources due to (possible) lack of housing, schools, transportation, and social services because of an influx of citizens; nor does the current research fully address an overall strategy to sustainable community and economic development for recipient communities.
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Yakubu, Yakubu A. "The relationship between environmental health status, the attributes of female caregivers and the health status of care recipients in low-income areas in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2885.
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Thesis (DPhil (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.<br>Informal caregivers play an important role in the well-being of dependent members in a
household. The burdens of these caregivers are multiple and pervasive and may contribute
to mental health epidemiology as a result of worry, grief, anxiety and stress.
The literature review revealed that studies in caregiving and its various facets began from a
pragmatically applied interest rather than from theoretical and intellectual curiosity. The
majority of the research on caregiver burden involves meta-analysis of qualitative studies
with little quantitative research. Also, many of these studies are concentrated on caregivers
of chronically ill patients, such as those suffering from dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and heart
disease, without much attention to care burden resulting from caring for those who are not
necessarily ill. Similar studies by other researchers did not consider the impact of the physical
health of the care recipients or the environmental factors that are critical in the study of female
caregiver burden in low-income settings. In addition, existing studies did not adequately
evaluate the many potential factors that may vary and influence the lives of the caregivers,
especially in a single, comprehensive model. This study attempted to provide a more complete
picture of these relationships in low-income and culturally diverse settings.
The study population consisted of black/African and coloured populations living in subsidised
or low-cost housing settlements. In each of the two different cultural communities, 100
black/African and 100 coloured female caregivers were selected through a systematic random
sampling procedure. In addition, data were also collected from caregivers in Tamale, Ghana to
assess differences between the socio-demographic profiles of the caregivers in Cape Town,
South Africa and Tamale, Ghana. The theoretical paradigm used in this study is the Stress
Process Model by Pearlin et al., (1990).
The study instrument assessed caregiver burden with both objective and subjective measures
through the use of a fully structured questionnaire. The information that was collected according
to the constructs of the Stress Process Model included personal and role strains and
incorporated the physical health of the care recipients and environmental factors such as
kitchen and toilet hygiene. Inclusion criteria for the respondents in both Cape Town and Tamale
were the principal female caregivers who were present, willing, and able to give informed
consent. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 22) was used for the
analyses. The Chi-square test was used to assess the relationships between environmental
health, the socio-demographics of the female caregivers and the health status of the care
recipients. The hierarchical regression analysis in the form of a General Linear Model was used
to model caregiving burden.
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The results showed that the majority of the female caregivers were in the age group 40 – 49
years and in both Cape Town and Tamale, a large proportion was in the low-income group.
Also, the majority of the informal caregivers in the two samples were in care tasks as a
full-time job, providing more than 40 hours of care per week. Regarding the length of time in
caregiving, a large proportion of the caregivers in both Cape Town and Tamale had been in
the care role for more than three years preceding the survey, and almost all the caregivers in
the Cape Town sample (98.4%) did not use any form of caregiving programme to ameliorate
the negative effects of caregiving. Further, the results showed statistically significant
relationships between the socio-demographic characteristics of female caregivers (age,
education, population group and income status) and the diarrhoea status of the care recipients.
Also, a significant relationship was shown between environmental health variables of the home
(kitchen hygiene and toilet hygiene) and the physical health of the care recipients. The
major predictors of female caregiver burden in the samples were the physical health of the care
recipients and access to social grants.
On the basis of the analyses, it was recommended that the government should recognise the
importance of the physical health of the care recipients and increase the amounts of social
grants to the caregivers since this could improve the circumstances of both the caregivers
and the care recipients. In addition, this could aid in improving the standard of living of
caregivers in these households. Future research in similar settings should disaggregate the
data to compare the burden of caring for caregivers of physically strong care recipients with
physically ill care recipients.
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Fitzgerald, Amanda R. "An Examination of Current and Past Recognized ASCA Model Program (RAMP) Recipients and Their Experiences with Pursuing the Re-ramp Designation." Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10974695.
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<p> To highlight exemplary school counseling programs, in 2003, the American School Counselor Association developed the Recognized ASCA Model Program (RAMP) as an acknowledgement for those schools that have implemented a comprehensive school counseling program based on the ASCA National Model (American School Counselor Association, 2016b). Since the inception of the RAMP program, 668 schools have earned the RAMP designation. Of those, 189 have current RAMP status and 469 have had RAMP status at some point but have let it lapse. </p><p> The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that contributed to a school’s decision to continue or discontinue the pursuit of subsequent RAMP designations. This mixed-methods study surveyed 238 schools of various levels (e.g., elementary, middle and high school) located in 36 states. Following the analysis of the questionnaire data, six in-depth interviews were conducted. Two of the interviews were with schools that had earned multiple-consecutive RAMP designations, two were with schools that earned multiple RAMP designations in non-consecutive years, and two were with lapsed RAMP schools. </p><p> The findings of this study indicate that current RAMP schools and lapsed RAMP schools that did not have significant turnover within the counseling department from the time of their original RAMP designation, report to be currently implementing comprehensive school counseling programs regardless of their current RAMP status. Additionally, schools that were unwilling to pursue subsequent Re-RAMP designations were likely to cite multiple barriers or challenges that include: time, a lack of support or understanding from school administrators and staffing turnover. Finally, the results indicate that schools are more willing to pursue the Re-RAMP designation if they have a variety of supports in place and perceive the benefits of the designation to be valuable. </p><p> Implications of these findings for the association’s management, improvement and support of the Recognized ASCA Model Program are discussed. Further areas for research regarding the various components of comprehensive school counseling programs are suggested.</p><p>
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McNally, Sean. "A textual analysis of Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award recipients to explore best organizational communication models in American companies." Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/643.
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Key elements found in areas of organizational commnication which develop into the foundational structure for the comprehensive list of best practices for communication is discerned from the wide array of practices existent in American companies. To remain among the most competitive globally, it is increasingly important to understand how best practices can be utilized to maintain a lead. This can be accomplished by recognizing the importance of American efforts to share knowledge and strategies for competitiveness. The Federal program under the directive of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) manages a program called the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA).
Using the award summary profiles of the 68 MBNQA recipients, the best practices are studied to reveal the tactics and strategies that influence the best American companies to achieve the highest productivity and successful communication models. The practices measured within the profile summaries of winning organizations are comprehensively packaged for senior leader use in strategic planning and vision deployment.
Exploring reoccurring communication models found in the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Program contributes to the body of knowledge in organizational communication studies; by comprehensively providing the practices used for organizational excellence. The seven principles integral to organizational communication methods employed by top national companies can be categorized by these essential communicative functions: adapting to change, adapting new technology, managing information effectively, mentoring for leadership, organizational culture, performance feedback, and supervisor and employee communication.
MBNQA recipient application profiles principle attributes were calculated by degrees of contribution to the successful application to organizational communication models. Success is identified by the award criteria with regard to aspects of business which exemplify quality improvement in their approach to deployment, integration, and learning. These areas are looked at in terms of relevance to key factors in varied levels concerning strengths, opportunities, and results.
Books on the topic "Recipient model"
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Mavrotas, George. The composition of aid and the fiscal sector in an aid-recipient economy: A model. United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2003.
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Dacyl, Janina Wiktoria. Between compassion and realpolitik: In search of a general model of the responses of recipient countries to large-scale refugee flows with reference to the South-East Asian refugee crisis. University of Stockholm, Dept. of Political Science & Centre for Pacific Asian Studies, 1992.
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Bargain, Olivier. Beans for breakfast? how exportable is the British workfare model? IZA, 2006.
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Morel, Sylvie. The insertion model or the workfare model?: The transformation of social assistance within Quebec and Canada. Status of Women Canada, 2002.
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Morel, Sylvie. The insertion model for the workfare model?: The transformation of social assistance within Quebec and Canada. Status of Women Canada, 2002.
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Borjas, George J. National origin and immigrant welfare recipiency. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.
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Ministers Responsible for the Status of Women (Canada). The insertion model or the workfare model?: The transformation of social assistance within Quebec and Canada. Ministers Responsible for the Status of Women Canada, 2002.
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Hamilton, Gayle. Interim report on the saturation work initiative model in San Diego. Manpower Demonstration Research Corp., 1988.
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Friedlander, Daniel. The Saturation Work Initiative Model in San Diego: A five-year follow-up study. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, 1993.
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King, Christopher T. Corporate model evaluation: A baseline analysis of welfare-to-work projects in Austin and Dallas. Bureau of Business Research, Graduate School of Business, University of Texas at Austin, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Recipient model"
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Berger, M. R. "Animal Models of Cancer Caused by Immunosuppression." In Cancer in Organ Transplant Recipients. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75991-8_1.
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Lozano, Sandra C., and Barbara Tversky. "Communicative Gestures Facilitate Problem Solving for Both Communicators and Recipients." In Model-Based Reasoning in Science, Technology, and Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71986-1_2.
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Hui, Cang, Pietro Landi, and Guillaume Latombe. "The role of biotic interactions in invasion ecology: theories and hypotheses." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0026.
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Abstract Changes in biotic interactions in the native and invaded range can enable a non-native species to establish and spread in novel environments. Invasive non-native species can in turn generate impacts in recipient systems partly through the changes they impose on biotic interactions; these interactions can lead to altered ecosystem processes in the recipient systems. This chapter reviews models, theories and hypotheses on how invasion performance and impact of introduced species in recipient ecosystems can be conjectured according to biotic interactions between native and non-native species. It starts by exploring the nature of biotic interactions as ensembles of ecological and evolutionary games between individuals of both the same and different groups. This allows us to categorize biotic interactions as direct and indirect (i.e. those involving more than two species) that emerge from both coevolution and ecological fitting during community assembly and invasion. We then introduce conceptual models that can reveal the ecological and evolutionary dynamics between interacting non-native and resident species in ecological networks and communities. Moving from such theoretical grounding, we review 20 hypotheses that have been proposed in invasion ecology to explain the invasion performance of a single non-native species, and seven hypotheses relating to the creation and function of assemblages of non-native species within recipient ecosystems. We argue that, although biotic interactions are ubiquitous and quintessential to the assessment of invasion performance, they are nonetheless difficult to detect and measure due to strength dependency on sampling scales and population densities, as well as the non-equilibrium transient dynamics of ecological communities and networks. We therefore call for coordinated efforts in invasion science and beyond, to devise and review approaches that can rapidly map out the entire web of dynamic interactions in a recipient ecosystem.
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Kecskes, Istvan. "Sequential Structure of Discourse Segments Shaped by the Interplay of Recipient Design or Salience." In Formal Models in the Study of Language. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48832-5_13.
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Piwowarski, Mateusz. "Neuromarketing Tools in Studies on Models of Social Issue Advertising Impact on Recipients." In Problems, Methods and Tools in Experimental and Behavioral Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99187-0_8.
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Ghosh, Atish R., Jonathan D. Ostry, and Mahvash S. Qureshi. "Managing Macroeconomic Imbalances: A Simple Model." In Taming the Tide of Capital Flows. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037167.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses a simple theoretical framework linking capital flows and various policy measures to macroeconomic outcomes. In the face of macroeconomic imbalances, policy makers need to decide whether to try to reduce the volume of flows or to tackle any collateral damage that they may cause. If the inflows are such that they bring little genuine benefit to the recipient country, then the obvious solution is to try to stop them entering the economy in the first place. But inasmuch as the capital inflow is considered to be beneficial, then dealing with any negative repercussion would naturally be the preferred option. To this end, the central bank—or national authorities more generally—have potentially three instruments at their disposal: the policy interest rate, foreign exchange (FX) intervention, and macroprudential measures. These instruments map naturally to maintaining price stability, curbing the appreciation of the currency, and safeguarding financial stability.
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Karakostas, Bill, and Yannis Zorgios. "Ontologies for Model-Driven Service Engineering." In Engineering Service Oriented Systems. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-968-7.ch006.
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In Chapter II we discussed the fundamental properties and concepts of a service. Concepts like interface, contract, service provider and service consumer are universal (i.e., they apply to all types of services). However, in as much as they are intuitive and universal, service concepts such as the aforementioned lack widely agreed upon semantics. The term semantics is used by disciplines such as philosophy, mathematics, and computer science to refer to “the meaning of things.” Meaning is usually attributed to a concept via its association with other concepts. In everyday speech, defining, for example, a “car” to be a kind of a “vehicle” is an attempt to attribute meaning to “car” by associating it with another, more abstract concept called “vehicle.” If the recipient of this definition already understands the concept of a vehicle, then he/she can also understand the concept of car via its association with the more abstract/generic concept vehicle.
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Schenck, Douglas, and Peter Wilson. "Models and representations." In Information Modeling: The EXPRESS Way. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195087147.003.0009.
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A model is a representation of something; it is an abstraction. The thing being modeled need not be real — think of plastic models of the starship Enterprise. In this case the thing is imaginary while the model is real. Models are typically built to aid understanding. Also, because they are abstractions that omit inessential details, they are often easier to construct and manipulate than the thing they represent. However, as we shall see, an information model is not necessarily simple, either to create or to manipulate. We distinguish two sorts of model here, namely a conceptual model and a concrete model. Definition 4 A conceptual information model is independent of any particular instantiation form. Definition 5 A concrete model is an information model that is specialized to take account of a particular instantiation method. (This is what is typically known as a data model.) An information (data) model may be instantiated or populated to represent collections of particular ideas, facts or processes. Definition 6 An instantiated model consists of the data that represents instances of the things defined in an information model. We are principally concerned with conceptual information models. A conceptual model is a view about real world information and is itself, therefore, communicable information. The model needs to be organized in such a manner to aid understanding by the recipient, which will essentially be a human as opposed to a computer system; even if the intended recipient is a software system this is still a human artifact. Before examining ways of representing models it is useful to look briefly at some of the methods that we humans use to organize our thoughts. There are some organizing principles and concepts that we seem to use time after time, whether consciously or unconsciously. We tend to group things into categories or classes. Each member of a category has some aspects that are common to other members and some individual aspects. For example, we can talk about vehicles in general with one common aspect being that a vehicle provides a means of transportation. Within the general vehicle class we might split it up into sub-categories of truck, bus and car.
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McCallum, John. "Who Were the Poor? The Recipients of Relief." In Poor Relief and the Church in Scotland, 1560-1650. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427272.003.0007.
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This chapter analyses the poor themselves. Although recent literature has made valuable attempts to study the poor in their own right rather than simply through the prism of relief (and therefore elites), welfare records remain the richest source of information on the poor, especially in an area such as Scotland where very little previous work has been undertaken. Therefore the chapter opens up the subject of who received relief and why, shedding light not just on the internal dynamics of this most neglected group within Scottish society, but also on the agenda and priorities of the relief system itself. The chapter draws attention to variations in the demographics of relief recipients, and argues that there was no fixed model or ‘type’ of recipient, and that kirk sessions were responding to local patterns of need. The chapter also emphasises the complexity and range of (overlapping) reasons why early modern Scots might find themselves in need of welfare.
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Wu, Jiangning, Na Liu, and Zhaoguo Xuan. "Simulation on Knowledge Transfer Processes from the Perspectives of Individual’s Mentality and Behavior." In Multidisciplinary Studies in Knowledge and Systems Science. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3998-0.ch016.
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Knowledge transferring between people within an organization leads to varied results due to individuals’ distinctive mentality and behavior. In this study, mental and behavioral factors, such as the prestige and reputation of individual and the movement for people within the organization, are introduced to examine their impact on knowledge transferring between individuals. A conceptual model is proposed which involves two actors in the process of knowledge transfer, knowledge sender and knowledge recipient, their corresponding disseminative capacity and absorptive capacity, as well as mental and behavioral factors. Accordingly, a network model is constructed in which nodes act as the knowledge senders or recipients. The process of knowledge transfer on the network is inspected from two mental aspects—the prestige and reputation of individuals. The degree of impact of the factors on knowledge disseminative will or knowledge absorptive will of actors is measured. A personnel movement mechanism is also introduced to simulate the dynamic processes of knowledge transfer within the organization. The simulation results show that the positive mental factors for individuals can promote the disseminative capacity of knowledge senders, accelerate the processes of knowledge transfer, and improve the knowledge stock of the organization.
Conference papers on the topic "Recipient model"
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Gubanov, Aleksej, Galina Gubanova, Ekaterina Kozhemyakova, Evgenija Grigoreva, and Irina Bakina. "Argumentation model based on the ontology of persuasion recipient." In Proceedings of the 1st International Scientific Practical Conference "The Individual and Society in the Modern Geopolitical Environment" (ISMGE 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ismge-19.2019.48.
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Opršal, Zdeněk. "Regional Geography of Aid: Subnational Approach to Foreign Aid Allocations in Research and Education." In 27th edition of the Central European Conference with subtitle (Teaching) of regional geography. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9694-2020-13.
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Foreign aid allocations have been of interest to researchers in developing economy, development studies, and development geography. Most of the available studies address development issues at countries level rather than at subnational levels within these countries. Researchers model and test the distribution of aid across recipient countries, considering recipient countries as homogenous units. This methodological approach masks an important regional heterogeneity within developing countries; therefore sub-national analyses may significantly contribute to more nuanced understanding of foreign aid. The gap in research arises from the related fact, that there has been a chronic lack of usable project-level data from developing countries. The situation has been changing only slowly over the last few years. This contribution attempts to emphasize the importance of the regional perspective in research of foreign aid allocations and to demonstrate the challenges associated with the geocoding of the Czech Republic's foreign aid projects on the example of students' seminar assignment on Czech foreign aid in Ethiopia.
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Terre´s-Pen˜a, H., and P. Quinto-Diez. "Applications of Numerical Simulation of Solar Cooker Type Box With Multi-Step Inner Reflector." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44060.
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It is shown a mathematical model of a solar box cooker with multi-step inner reflector and the numerical results for two applications has been analyzed. These applications are 1. Numerical simulation of operation of solar box cooker with multi-step inner reflector in Tanta, Egypt and 2. Numerical simulation of solar box cooker with multi-step inner reflector for 10 hours of operation. In the case 1, is analyzed a solar box cooker constructed and evaluated in Tanta, Egypt [1]. The experimental results that was obtained are compared with the numerical results that was obtained for the mathematical model. The case 2, is an evaluation of numerical results that was obtained for the operation of 10 hours for solar box cooker constructed in the Laboratorio de Ingenieri´a Te´rmica e Hidra´ulica Aplicada (LABINTHAP) in Me´xico City. [4] The solar box cooker is integrated by a covert that was made with double glass, this is use with two purposes, reduce the loss heat convection with outer and to generated the greenhouse effect with inner of cooker. In the inner of cooker there are a mirrors arrangement in inclined position (inner reflectors) placed in angles of 30°, 45° and 75°, these helped to reflex the solar rays in direction to the cook recipient. The recipient also received the solar rays in the upper part (lid). The mathematical model that was obtained from energetic analysis, is formed for five differential equations system no linear and the fourth Runge-Kutta method is used to resolve it. The numerical solution of the equations system is obtained with a computational software in C++. This work is a contribution to the application of numerical methods and computational for development of the solar energy used in thermal conversion equipments. The use of these techniques to solve the mathematical model is important to contribute in the evaluation and design of solar box cookers with multi-step inner reflector.
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Kanuri, Neelima, Ian R. Grosse, Jack C. Wileden, and Wei-Shan Chiang. "Ontologies and Fine-Grained Control Over Sharing of Engineering Modeling Knowledge in a Web Based Engineering Environment." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81373.
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Within the knowledge modeling community the use of ontologies in the construction of knowledge intensive systems is now widespread. Ontologies are used to facilitate knowledge sharing, reuse, agent interoperability and knowledge acquisition. We have developed an ontology for representing and sharing engineering analysis modeling (EAM) knowledge in a web-based environment and implemented these ontologies into a computational knowledge base system, called ON-TEAM, using Prote´ge´1. In this paper we present new object-oriented methods that operate on the EAM knowledge base to perform specific tasks. One such method is the creation of a flat technical report that describes the properties or class relationships of an engineering modeling analysis class and/or the modeling knowledge involved in the development of a specific engineering analysis model. This method is a JAVA application that accesses the EAM knowledge base application using the Prote´ge´ application programming interface. It presents the user a graphical user interface for selecting the EAM class or specific analysis model instance and then exports the appropriate knowledge to a text file to form the basis of a technical report. Secondly, a method controlling knowledge access and sharing is under development which allocates permissions to portions of the knowledge base according to accessibility permissions. This method controls as efficiently as possible fine grain knowledge sharing. Both the methods acting together enable automatic generation of recipient-specific technical reports based on the recipient’s security permissions, customized knowledge viewing, and customized knowledge exporting through various knowledge exchange formats such as XML Walsh [1], RDF Klyne [2], etc. Finally, implementation of these methods and our EAM knowledge base application as components within commercial web-based distributed software architecture is presented.
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Aldous, Kenneth J., and Andrew B. Lintott. "A Web Platform for the Exchange and Transformation of Business Objects." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48266.
Full textAbstract:
Internet technologies provide a means of implementing data exchange systems incrementally, from connecting two applications on the one machine to implementing an Internetwide information system. Recent advances in XML and related technologies greatly facilitate data extraction and reformatting, thus enabling data from one or more applications to be prepared for use by another. A model, based on these technologies, is described for the exchange of business documents among disparate computer applications used to manage manufacturing operations. The model comprises two parts, the first of which includes a set of code modules, written in Java, for handling requests to retrieve information from one or more Web resources, composing the retrieved data into an XML document and delivering the result. The second part comprises a set of what are termed XSL meta-stylesheets for transforming the retrieved documents into the various forms required by recipient computer applications. Meta-stylesheets are used to transform simple declarative XML documents into more complex stylesheets to add new material to received documents, invert the structure of XML documents and make changes to selected text within the documents.
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Shi, Zeyu, Xiongliang Yao, Guoxun Wu, and Yue Tian. "The Investigation on Cabin Noise Control of Ship Structure Based on SEA Graph Method." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78675.
Full textAbstract:
The noise of ship structure is mainly transmitted by two types which are air sound and structural sound. As a kind of mechanical energy, sound is produced by the sound source and goes through various transmission paths to the recipient. This process is a process of constant loss of energy. Therefore, according to aspects of noise generation, output, transmission and reception, the principle of cabin noise control can be divided into four aspects which are cabin structure acoustics design, noise source control, noise transfer path and individual protection at the end of cabin. In order to determine the best noise reduction measures, noise control measures should be considered on the basis of three principles of science, advanced nature and economy. Statistical energy analysis (SEA) graph method is compared a series of adjacent loss factor matrices in the SEA model with the data structure of graphs in graph theory, a plurality of transmission path of SEA model can be obtained by giving different weights to adjacent matrix loss factor matrices in SEA model. The problem of finding maximum energy transfer path in the SEA model is actually equivalent to the issue of seeking shortest path in the graph theory. In order to reduce the cabin noise of the ship structure, it is necessary to know the main source and the main energy conduction path of the noise cabin. The problem is translated into K shortest path problem in graph theory. In this paper, acoustical sensitivity analysis of noise reduction design parameter is developed according to sound energy transmission of two layer cavities structure, which can guide the noise reduction design of the ship cabin. The proposed cabin noise control method is applied to the problem of overproof cabin noise, and the optimal noise control scheme is obtained.
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Debbaut, Charlotte, David De Wilde, Christophe Casteleyn, et al. "Electrical Analog Models to Simulate the Impact of Partial Hepatectomy on Hepatic Hemodynamics." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14266.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the growing shortage of donor livers, more patients are waiting for liver transplantation. Efforts to expand the donor pool include the use of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and split liver transplantation. LDLT involves a healthy person undergoing a partial hepatectomy to donate a part of his liver to a patient with severe liver failure. Afterwards, the regenerative capacity of the organ allows the livers of both donor and recipient to regrow to normal liver masses. The procedure is not without risk as serious complications may occur (such as cholestasis, ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding and renal impairment). An inadequate liver mass compared to the body mass may result in the small-for-size syndrome (SFSS). In both donor and recipient, LDLT may lead to portal hypertension associated with the elevated intrahepatic resistance of a smaller liver, and an increased portal venous (PV) inflow per gram of liver tissue compared to the total liver before resection. Excessive hyperperfusion and shear stress may damage the sinusoidal endothelial cells and lead to graft dysfunction.
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Aditama, Kresna, Evyta Wismiana, Bloko Budi Rijadi, Mochamad Yunus, Kusmadi Kusmadi, and Achmad Munir. "TM Mode Rectangular Waveguide Antenna for 2.3GHz LTE Recipient Signal Enhancement." In 2019 IEEE 13th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems, Services, and Applications (TSSA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tssa48701.2019.8985487.
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Galia, Kariv,. "A Model for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Infections in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients." In Modeling and Control in Biomedical Systems, edited by Rees, Stephen, chair Andreassen, Steen and Andreassen, Steen. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090812-3-dk-2006.00060.
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Karagoz, Irfan, and Mustafa Ozden. "Adaptive artificial retina model to improve perception quality of retina implant recipients." In 2011 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2011.6098353.
Full textReports on the topic "Recipient model"
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Pavlyuk, Ihor. MEDIACULTURE AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ETHNIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITY. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11071.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the mental-existential relationship between ethnoculture, national identity and media culture as a necessary factor for their preservation, transformation, on the example of national original algorithms, matrix models, taking into account global tendencies and Ukrainian archetypal-specific features in Ukraine. the media actively serve the domestic oligarchs in their information-virtual and real wars among themselves and the same expansive alien humanitarian acts by curtailing ethno-cultural programs-projects on national radio, on television, in the press, or offering the recipient instead of a pop pointer, without even communicating to the audience the information stipulated in the media laws − information support-protection-development of ethno-culture national product in the domestic and foreign/diaspora mass media, the support of ethnoculture by NGOs and the state institutions themselves. In the context of the study of the cultural national socio-humanitarian space, the article diagnoses and predicts the model of creating and preserving in it the dynamic equilibrium of the ethno-cultural space, in which the nation must remember the struggle for access to information and its primary sources both as an individual and the state as a whole, culture the transfer of information, which in the process of globalization is becoming a paramount commodity, an egregore, and in the post-traumatic, interrupted-compensatory cultural-information space close rehabilitation mechanisms for national identity to become a real factor in strengthening the state − and vice versa in the context of adequate laws («Law about press and other mass media», Law «About printed media (press) in Ukraine», Law «About Information», «Law about Languages», etc.) and their actual effect in creating motivational mechanisms for preserving/protecting the Ukrainian language, as one of the main identifiers of national identity, information support for its expansion as labels cultural and geostrategic areas.
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Stadalnik, R. C. Testing the validity of a receptor kinetic model via TcNGA functional imaging of liver transplant recipients. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/666247.
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Sarofim, Samer. Developing an Effective Targeted Mobile Application to Enhance Transportation Safety and Use of Active Transportation Modes in Fresno County: The Role of Application Design & Content. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2013.
Full textAbstract:
This research empirically investigates the need for, and the effective design and content of, a proposed mobile application that is targeted at pedestrians and cyclists in Fresno County. The differential effect of the proposed mobile app name and colors on the target audience opinions was examined. Further, app content and features were evaluated for importance and the likelihood of use. This included design appeal, attractiveness, relevance, ease of navigation, usefulness of functions, personalization and customization, message recipients’ attitudes towards message framing, and intended behaviors related to pedestrian, cyclist, and motorist traffic safety practices. Design mobile application features tested included image aesthetics, coherence and organization, and memorability and distinction. Potential engagement with the mobile app was assessed via measuring the users’ perceived enjoyment while using the app. The behavioral intentions to adopt the app and likelihood to recommend the app were assessed. The willingness to pay for purchasing the app was measured. This research provided evidence that a mobile application designed for pedestrians and cyclists is needed, with high intentions for its adoption. Functions, such as Safety Information, Weather Conditions, Guide to Trails, Events for Walkers and Bikers, and Promotional Offers are deemed important by the target population. This research was conducted in an effort to increase active transportation mode utilization and to enhance the safety of vulnerable road users. The public, city administrators, transportation authorities, and policy makers shall benefit from the results of this study by adapting the design and the features that are proposed in this research and were found appealing and useful for the target vulnerable road user groups. The need of the proposed mobile application and its main functions are established, based on the results of this research, which propagates further steps of implementation by city administrators and transportation authorities.