To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Recipient need.
Journal articles on the topic 'Recipient need'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Recipient need.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Malti, Tina, Michaela Gummerum, Sophia Ongley, Maria Chaparro, Marta Nola, and Na Young Bae. "“Who is worthy of my generosity?” Recipient characteristics and the development of children’s sharing." International Journal of Behavioral Development 40, no. 1 (2015): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025414567007.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has shown that the majority of 8-year-old children share valuable resources equally with others, whereas 4-year-olds are more likely to favor themselves in their sharing allocations. In this study, we examine whether these patterns of sharing behavior are affected by the needs of the recipient or by the recipient’s previous moral or immoral actions. One-hundred and sixty 4- and 8-year-old children had the opportunity to share stickers with hypothetical recipients who were assigned varying characteristics. For both age groups, sharing increased when recipients were needy (i.e., feels sad or has few toys) and morally deserving (i.e., shares with other children and does not push). The differentiation of sharing based on recipient characteristics increased between 4 and 8 years of age, with 8-year-olds also demonstrating decreased sharing when recipients were morally undeserving (i.e., pushes other children and does not share). Our findings provide evidence that children show increased sharing with recipients who are morally deserving and those who demonstrate need. This suggests that children indirectly reciprocate others’ past moral behavior and behave more altruistically towards those with higher need.
2
Birch, Thomas D. "Basic Needs: Paternalistic Government Welfare Policy with Distortionary Taxation." Public Finance Quarterly 15, no. 3 (1987): 298–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114218701500304.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyzes government welfare policy in a general equilibrium setting with distortionary taxation. Government welfare policy is in accordance with the preferences of donor-taxpayers who want the consumption-leisure bundle of recipients to satisfy “basic needs.” The main focus is on the optimal level of employment for a destitute welfare recipient from the donor-taxpayer's perspective. This optimal level depends on the distortionary cost of taxation, whether the donor regards leisure or work as a basic “need,” and the distribution of the recipient's income if work is required. It is argued that donor appropriation of income resulting from mandatory recipient work in the private sector is not necessarily superior to either letting recipients retain their income or having the government appropriate the recipient's income from mandatory public sector employment.
3
Hrushko, Svitlana. "LANGUAGE CODE OF PERCEPTION OF SCIENTIFIC TEXT IN THE COMMUNICATIVE ACT OF THE AUTHOR AND RECIPIENT." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 31 (2020): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-31-7.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the features of the activities of an author and recipient at different stages of the communication process in the perception of a scientific text. Studies of the peculiar influence of the language code on the perception of information in the context of the communicative act of the author of the message and the recipient in the modern information society are among the most relevant nowadays. Creation of a scientific and technical message and its publication are aimed at effective perception of information and achieving a certain linguistic influence of the author of the message on the consciousness of the recipient through the display of the peculiarities of the author's way of thinking. The beginning of scientific communication is the need for certain information of recipients. The response to this need is the proposal of necessary information by the author. The information needs of the recipients form the subject matter and content of scientific and technical communication. The author of the scientific message chooses the most convenient way and channel for the transfer of information to the recipient, and the recipient searches for the necessary information in the most optimal way and channel. The coding of the message usually corresponds to the coding of the informational need of the recipient. The context of the informational message for the author includes the main purpose of creating the message, and for the recipient, the satisfaction of the informational need. For the author, the text is a way of transmitting the message, and for the recipient, it is a source of information. The linguistic activity of the author is focused on the effective satisfaction of consumers’ information needs and on achieving a certain influence on the consciousness of the recipient. The main means of communication is the language of the message of scientific and technical orientation, which expresses its main content, semantic content, logical structure of the information component, which facilitates the process of decoding and assimilation of the message. The structure of a scientific and technical text depends on the genre and target audience. The genre can be viewed as a way of influencing the recipient's consciousness.
4
Verbeek, Hilde, and Kimberly Van Haitsma. "THE CARE RECIPIENT’S PERSPECTIVE ON QUALITY OF CARE: DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN NURSING HOMES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.283.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In long-term care, there has been an ongoing shift focused on person-centered care, positioning the care recipient at the core of good quality of care. This has resulted in more emphasis on care recipients’ preferences and experiences with the care they receive. In the Netherlands, Germany and the United States the need to focus on and assess quality from the care recipient’s perspective has emerged. This symposium presents four different approaches to quality of care from the care recipient’s perspective. The first speaker will focus on a narrative approach to assess experienced quality of care in nursing homes. The second speaker will present an observational method to assess the level of autonomy provided to people with dementia in nursing homes. The third speaker will present findings about the use of specialist health care in nursing homes as an indicator for quality of care. The last presentation will address the importance of preferences in quality of care. Defining, assessing and improving experienced quality of care from the care recipient’s perspective is an ongoing challenge, as each care recipient’s preferences and needs differ. It is important to assess in order to monitor that care is being tailored to the care recipient and to identify possible interventions that can enhance experienced quality of care.
5
O'Hara, Jerome F., Katrina Bramstedt, Stewart Flechner, and David Goldfarb. "Ethical Issues Surrounding High-Risk Kidney Recipients: Implications for the Living Donor." Progress in Transplantation 17, no. 3 (2007): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480701700304.
Full textAbstract:
Evaulating patients for living kidney donor transplantation involving a recipient with significant medical issues can create an ethical debate about whether to proceed with surgery. Donors must be informed of the surgical risk to proceed with donating a kidney and their decision must be a voluntary one. A detailed informed consent should be obtained from high-risk living kidney donor transplant recipients as well as donors and family members after the high perioperative risk potential has been explained to them. In addition, family members need to be informed of and acknowledge that a living kidney donor transplant recipient with pretransplant extrarenal morbidity has a higher risk of a serious adverse outcome event such as graft failure or recipient death. We review 2 cases involving living kidney donor transplant recipients with significant comorbidity and discuss ethical considerations, donor risk, and the need for an extended informed consent.
6
Cohen, S. I. "Allocation of Foreign Aid in a Segmented International Context." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4III (1995): 987–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iiipp.987-1000.
Full textAbstract:
Research on the topic of distribution of foreign aid among recipients is regaining momentum. This is understandable in the light of the knowledge that presently the richest 40 percent of the developing world receives twice as much aid per capita as the poorest 40 percent [UNDP (1994)], while once upon a time foreign aid was sought to accomplish exactly the opposite. The distribution of official development assistance (ODA) is conventionally studied in terms of two models: the ‘recipient needs’ model and the ‘donor interest’ model. In the first, foreign aid flows are seen to satisfy the socio-economic needs of the recipient countries. In the second, national interests of donors, whether these are military, political or commercial, are seen to determine the direction and size of the foreign aid. Empirical studies were made to ascertain and understand whether, on balance, foreign aid is motivated by recipient need or donor interest. There is one class of studies, for example, Mcgillivray (1989), which estimates for donors a compound measure of their allocation bias. The other class of studies, i.e., Maizels and Nissanke (1984) and Grilli and Riess (1992), employs regression analysis to explain allocation of foreign aid by representative variables of recipient need and donor interest.
7
Kim, Dong-hwan, Do-hun Kim, Hyun Seok Kim, Seong-il Kim, and Dong-Ho Lee. "Determinants of Bilateral REDD+ Cooperation Recipients in Kyoto Protocol Regime and Their Implications in Paris Agreement Regime." Forests 11, no. 7 (2020): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070751.
Full textAbstract:
A cooperative approach for REDD+ between developing and developed countries can be a sound means to achieve national and global mitigation targets. To accomplish the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of countries and the global 2 °C climate target more effectively, it is necessary to explore the coordination options, based on the understanding of bilateral REDD+ cooperation. This study explains the current status of bilateral REDD+ cooperation and investigates determinants affecting REDD+ recipient decisions of donor countries, by analyzing bilateral REDD+ arrangements, which has been promoted for 10 years under the the Kyoto Protocol regime from 2006 until 2015. The results show that Norway and Japan supported more than half of the total financial pledges for bilateral REDD+ projects for 10 years. Out of 87 REDD+ recipients, four countries—Brazil, India, Indonesia, and China—accounted for more than half of the 10-year financial pledges. Approximately 78% of total financing was found to be concentrated in the top 10 recipients. The aid darlings and orphans problem, the concentration of bilateral supports in a few developing countries and the exclusion of several developing countries from the recipient selection process, which has been discussed in ODA researches, was also observed. Applying a shared frailty model, recipient need, recipient merit, and donor interest was found to be the main determinants of donors’ REDD+ recipient decision. Donor interest and recipient merit were found to have more significant effects on the decision than recipient need. A balanced two-track approach is further required, in which, along with the bilateral REDD+ cooperation in the REDD+ darling countries, international organizations and multilateral funds for REDD+ need to increase financial accessibility, including the result-based compensation system for the REDD+ orphan countries.
8
Narizano, Hugo, and Gerald G. Carter. "Do vampire bats groom others based on need?" Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 1 (2019): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz165.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Allogrooming provides a window into the social lives of many group-living mammals and birds. The fitness benefits of allogrooming are encouraged by proximate mechanisms that make it physiologically rewarding for both actors and receivers. However, receivers might not always benefit from allogrooming. Some allogrooming decisions might be the actor’s response to cues of the recipient’s need. Other decisions might only be caused by the actor’s motivational state. To test these ideas, we studied what triggers allogrooming in common vampire bats. In test 1, subjects that had experimentally disturbed and wetted fur were more likely to be allogroomed, even when controlling for increased self-grooming. In test 2, allogrooming rates were elevated not only by receiver self-grooming (a cue for receiver need) but also by the actor’s previous self-grooming. Both effects were significantly greater than the effect of self-grooming by third parties. Interestingly, we detected a negative interaction: the positive effect of receiver need on allogrooming was smaller when the actor was previously self-grooming. This is consistent with the hypothesis that there are “receiver-driven” allogrooming decisions, which are responses to recipient need, and “actor-driven” decisions, which are not. We predict that receiver-driven allogrooming will bestow greater benefits to recipients compared with actor-driven allogrooming.
9
JO, SUSAN, KEVIN BRAZIL, LYNNE LOHFELD, and KATHLEEN WILLISON. "Caregiving at the end of life: Perspectives from spousal caregivers and care recipients." Palliative and Supportive Care 5, no. 1 (2007): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951507070034.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the perspectives of both the spousal caregiver and care recipient on the caregiving experience in home-based palliative care.Methods: A qualitative research strategy involving home-based face-to-face interviews with older palliative care patients and their spousal caregivers was used to examine the caregiving experience.Results: Ten spousal caregivers and care recipient dyads participated in the study. Most informal caregivers viewed caregiving as an extension of the family relationship where caregiving responsibilities evolved over time. Spousal caregivers identified many negative reactions to caregiving, such as fatigue or weariness, depression, anger and sadness, financial stresses, and lack of time. Care recipients acknowledged the emotional and financial strain and expressed concern for their spouses. Both caregivers and care recipients were appreciative of home care services although they identified the need for additional services. They also identified difficulties in communication with formal providers and poor coordination of care among the various services. Both caregivers and care recipients disclosed some challenges with informal supports, but on the whole felt that their presence was positive. Additional positive aspects of caregiving reported by spouses included strengthened relationship with their spouse and discovering emotional strength and physical abilities in managing care.Significance of results: Health care and social service professionals need to recognize and understand both caregiver and care recipient perspectives if they are to successfully meet the needs of both members of the dyad.
10
Politoski, Gigi, Margaret Coolican, and Kathleen Casey. "Perspectives on Communication Issues among Transplant and Procurement Professionals, Transplant Recipients, and Donor Families." Journal of Transplant Coordination 6, no. 2 (1996): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090591999600600208.
Full textAbstract:
Communication among professionals, donor families, and transplant recipients is a controversial topic. Traditionally, transplant and procurement professionals have made the decision about the type and frequency of information that a donor family and transplant recipient receive regarding one another, and relationships that might develop as a result. Information obtained through questionnaires demonstrated inconsistency in addressing donor family and transplant recipient needs for initial and follow-up information and communication—not only between clinical transplant and procurement donation coordinators, but within organizations involved in the care and support of these people. This wide variance regarding communication among all disciplines demonstrated a need for standardization of practice guidelines. Guidelines are being developed through collaboration of the major organizations involved in the care of donor families and transplant recipients to standardize communication practices throughout the United States.
11
Sedlak, Ruth Hall, Joshua A. Hill, Thuy Nguyen, et al. "Detection of Human Herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) Reactivation in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients with Inherited Chromosomally Integrated HHV-6A by Droplet Digital PCR." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 5 (2016): 1223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.03275-15.
Full textAbstract:
The presence of inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 (ciHHV-6) in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) donors or recipients confounds molecular testing for HHV-6 reactivation, which occurs in 30 to 50% of transplants. Here we describe a multiplex droplet digital PCR clinical diagnostic assay that concurrently distinguishes between HHV-6 species (A or B) and identifies inherited ciHHV-6. By applying this assay to recipient post-HCT plasma and serum samples, we demonstrated reactivation of HHV-6B in 25% (4/16 recipients) of HCT recipients with donor- or recipient-derived inherited ciHHV-6A, underscoring the need for diagnostic testing for HHV-6 infection even in the presence of ciHHV-6.
12
Shapiro, Jeremy. "Exploring Recipient Preferences and Allocation Mechanisms in the Distribution of Development Aid." World Bank Economic Review 34, no. 3 (2019): 749–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhz024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study uses incentive-compatible techniques to obtain valuations of 14 common poverty reduction interventions from (probable) aid recipients. Recipients’ valuations for these interventions are highly heterogeneous both across interventions and across recipients of the same intervention. Valuation for interventions does not correlate with overall poverty or with perceived need for specific interventions, suggesting that targeting individuals with high valuations based on recipient characteristics is difficult. Through simulations, this study assesses how various allocation mechanisms—cash transfers and voting—compare in generating recipient surplus in the allocation of aid. When markets function and constraints on joint private contributions to public goods do not bind, cash transfers generate considerably more recipient surplus than voting. Even when cash transfers cannot enable public goods and some services, they may still outperform voting at very low resource levels. However, as resource levels increase, voting dominates cash transfers from a surplus-maximization perspective.
13
Cleary, M., J. M. Shaw, G. Jenkin, and A. O. Trounson. "Influence of hormone environment and donor age on cryopreserved common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) ovarian tissue xenografted into nude mice." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 7 (2004): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd04054.
Full textAbstract:
Developmentally competent oocytes can be collected from xenografted ovarian tissues; however, optimal xenograft conditions need to be established for this technique to be of use in assisted reproduction. In the present study, common wombat ovarian tissue was xenografted under the kidney capsule of nude mice to clarify the role of recipient gonadal status and donor tissue age on graft establishment, follicle development and oocyte recovery. Eighty-nine per cent of all grafts were recovered; of these, 78% contained growing follicles. In female graft recipients, follicle development to the antral stage occurred earlier in ovariectomised recipients compared with intact graft recipients. Similarly, follicle development occurred earlier in recipients of pouch young ovarian tissue grafts when compared with subadult xenografts. Follicle development proceeded to the antral stage in subadult grafts placed under the kidney capsule of male recipient mice, albeit at a slower rate than subadult grafts placed in female recipients. Oocytes were collected from grafts placed in female and male recipients, but no mature oocytes were observed at the time of collection, nor could these oocytes be matured in vitro. The present study demonstrated that common wombat pouch young tissue xenografted to female recipient mice, and subadult ovarian tissue xenografted to male recipient mice, can develop to the antral stage and can therefore facilitate oocyte collection. However, mature oocytes were not obtained using the current protocol.
14
Filippova, Irina Nikolaevna. "RECIPIENT FACTOR IN POETIC TRANSLATION DIACHRONY." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 2 (2019): 435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-2-435-450.
Full textAbstract:
The paper's aim is to analyze transchronical interlingual and intercultural poetic communication. Special attention is paid to the recipient, his significance in diachronic translation is investigated. Linguistic and cultural aspects of poetic communication are analyzed: realities, historicisms, archaisms, phraseological units, allusions. The recipient factor is actively studied in pragmalinguistics, which finds common ground with translation studies and the theory of intercultural communication. The research is based on the integrative method: descriptive, contextual, comparative and discursive analysis are used. The paper reveals the synergetic nature of the recipient, unique on age, gender, worldview, political and cultural characteristics; cognitive dissonance of the author and the recipient in monolingual and in interlanguage communication are revealed. The actual basis is the novel in verse Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, written almost 200 years ago and numerous translations made at different times (1840-2008). The studied empirical material leads to the following conclusions. The translation multiplicity in transchronical transfer of cultural heritage to foreign languages is natural and unavoidable. The search for adequate means of intercultural translation of poetry is transcendental in nature. The syncretic nature of the poetic sign in diachrony strengthens the discrepancy between the recipient's and the author's conceptual and thematic knowledge content. This is particularly evident in terms of the transf chronic communication when the author and recipient are separated by a significant time interval. The source language recipients and the target language recipients have objective sociocultural differences which are more evident in transtemporal interlingual communication. The above-mentioned factors interact in the complex synergistic system that is impossible to cognize and to describe in a reductive linguistic theory of translation. On the basis of insufficiency of the reductionism of the linguistic translation, can be expected the transition to the methodology of holism translation. Holism as a methodological principle and philosophy of knowledge has found effective application in the Humanities. Its use in translation in cross-cultural, cross-language and TRANS chronic communication appear to be objectively necessary. The need for pragmatic adaptation and the borders of its approximate values is to be verified in further studies, combining pragmalinguistics, cognitive linguistics, translation studies, functional stylistics, discourse analysis and linguocognitive translation.
15
Huesing-Kabar, Anna, Christina zu Dohna, Hauke Heinzow, et al. "Risk factors for allograft failure in liver transplant recipients." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 56, no. 07 (2018): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-125225.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background With regard to quality of life and organ shortage, follow-up after liver transplantation (LT) should consider risk factors for allograft failure in order to avoid the need for re-LT and to improve the long-term outcome of recipients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore potential risk factors for allograft failure after LT. Material and methods A total of 489 consecutive LT recipients who received follow-up care at the University Hospital of Muenster were included in this study. Database research was performed, and patient data were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors related to donor and recipient characteristics potentially leading to allograft failure were statistically investigated using binary logistic regression analysis. Graft failure was determined as graft cirrhosis, need for re-LT because of graft dysfunction, and/or allograft-associated death. Results The mean age of recipients at the time of LT was 50.3 ± 12.4 years, and 64.0 % were male. The mean age of donors was 48.7 ± 15.5 years. Multivariable statistical analysis revealed male recipient gender (p = 0.04), hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) (p = 0.014), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (p = 0.03), biliary complications after LT (p < 0.001), pretransplant diabetes mellitus (p = 0.03), and/or marked fibrosis in the initial protocol biopsy during follow-up (p = 0.001) to be recipient-related significant and independent risk factors for allograft failure following LT. Conclusion Male recipients, patients who received LT for HCV or HCC, those with pretransplant diabetes mellitus, and LT recipients with biliary complications are at high risk for allograft failure and thus should be monitored closely.
16
Brucker, Sara Yvonne, Thomas Strowitzki, Florin-Andrei Taran, et al. "Living-Donor Uterus Transplantation: Pre-, Intra-, and Postoperative Parameters Relevant to Surgical Success, Pregnancy, and Obstetrics with Live Births." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8 (2020): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082485.
Full textAbstract:
Uterus transplantation (UTx) can provide a route to motherhood for women with Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKHS), a congenital disorder characterized by uterovaginal aplasia, but with functional ovaries. Based on our four successful living-donor transplantations and two resulting births, this analysis presents parameters relevant to standardizing recipient/donor selection, UTx surgery, and postoperative treatment, and their implementation in routine settings. We descriptively analyzed prospectively collected observational data from our four uterus recipients, all with MRKHS, their living donors, and the two newborns born to two recipients, including 1-year postnatal follow-ups. Analysis included only living-donor/recipient pairs with completed donor/recipient surgery. Two recipients, both requiring ovarian restimulation under immunosuppression after missed pregnancy loss in one case and no pregnancy in the other, each delivered a healthy boy by cesarean section. We conclude that parameters crucial to successful transplantation, pregnancy, and childbirth include careful selection of donor/recipient pairs, donor organ quality, meticulous surgical technique, a multidisciplinary team approach, and comprehensive follow-up. Surgery duration and blood vessel selection await further optimization, as do the choice and duration of immunosuppression, which are crucial to timing the first embryo transfer. Data need to be collected in an international registry due to the low prevalence of MRKHS.
17
Grossi, Paolo Antonio. "Urban Spread of Flaviviruses: A New Challenge in Solid-organ Transplant Recipients." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 1 (2019): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz390.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Yellow fever has never previously been reported in transplant recipients. The first reported case of yellow fever in a kidney transplant recipient in Brazil and the re-emergence of arboviruses in many areas of the world dictate the need of studies aimed to answer multiple unanswered questions.
18
Raudeliunaite, Rita. "The specifics in the work of social workers when rendering social services at the person's home." SHS Web of Conferences 68 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196803003.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the study is to highlight the specifics of the work of a social worker when rendering social services at the person's home on the basis of the experience of social workers. Qualitative research strategy was used, including semi-structured interview. The study revealed a wide spectrum of the activities of the social worker when organising the provision of social services at home: the identification and assessment of the need for a service, the planning, provision, coordination and assessment of the assistance or care at the person's home, the involvement of the service recipient in decision-making, the involvement of close relatives of the service recipient, teamwork, cooperation with other institutions, and improvement of skills of the employees. The study revealed the benefit of social services at the person's home to the recipients of the services: living at their homes, they do not feel so lonely, they feel safe, needful, capable of benefiting from the needed assistance. Difficulties, which arise when cooperating with the recipients of social services at home, are the following: people provide false information when identifying the need for a service, mental disorders of the service recipient, dissatisfaction with the rotation of the visiting care workers, complaints regarding the lack of communication. Organisational limitations of bodies providing services are linked to formalism, shortage of the staff, time restrictions for services, lack of transport, unavailability of services due to the limited financial resources of service recipients.
19
Nelson, Travis. "Determinants of disaster aid: donor interest or recipient need?" Global Change, Peace & Security 24, no. 1 (2012): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2012.641288.
Full text
20
Krishnan, Lila. "Recipient Need and Anticipation of Reciprocity in Prosocial Exchange." Journal of Social Psychology 128, no. 2 (1988): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1988.9711366.
Full text
21
Lewis, Tammy L. "Environmental Aid: Driven by Recipient Need or Donor Interests?" Social Science Quarterly 84, no. 1 (2003): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6237.8401009.
Full text
22
Lewis, Tammy L. "Environmental Aid: Driven by Recipient Need or Donor Interests?*." Social Science Quarterly 84, no. 1 (2003): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6237.8401009-i1.
Full text
23
Uemura, Tetsuji, Mamoru Kikuchi, Hidetaka Watanabe, and Tetsu Yanai. "Use of the Retrograde Recipient Vein for Additional Outflow in Free Tissue Transfer." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery Open 05, no. 01 (2020): e1-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1701031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The selection of appropriate recipient vessels is essential to the successful outcome of free flap transfer. To improve blood perfusion after reconstruction and reduce the risk of postoperative obstruction of flap vessels, multiple vessels should be chosen as candidate recipients. Methods For certainty of venous drainage, we have been performing venous anastomosis to the distal end of the recipient vein to utilize the reverse venous flow. Results A total of 48 cases of reconstruction of the head and neck or breast region with free flaps using retrograde venous anastomosis were performed. The method possibly improves flap circulation and the success rate of the free tissue transfer and reduces the need to extend surgery to search for multiple recipient veins. Conclusion We emphasized that retrograde limb of vein is useful as a second and/or rescued recipient in free tissue transfer. Retrograde venous anastomosis is a fine and reasonable option when appropriate recipient vessels cannot be found near the defect in the head and neck such as frozen neck or breast region.
24
Beltrame, Renato Travassos, Luis Gustavo Barioni, Breno Dala Maestri, and Celia Raquel Quirino. "Economic optimization of the number of recipients in bovine embryo transfer programs." Scientia Agricola 64, no. 3 (2007): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000300002.
Full textAbstract:
Purchase and maintenance of recipient females account for a large proportion of the costs and determine the number of calves that can be produced in an embryo transfer program. However, the large variability of embryo production by the donors and the need to purchase and synchronize the recipients before knowing the number of embryos collected make it difficult for the decision maker to identify the ideal number of recipient females to allocate. An ex-ante evaluation to determine the optimal number of recipient females was carried out through a sensitivity analysis for the ratio between the number of recipients and donors in a simulation model. The variability for the number of embryos collected was accounted for by applying the Monte Carlo simulation technique, assuming normal distribution and known values for mean and variance. The simulation considered monthly intervals between collections, during a 24 months program. The effect of embryo freezing on the number of pregnancies was considered by introducing a stock of frozen embryos into the mathematical model. Optimal recipient/donor ratio and the cost per pregnancy were compared for three recipient synchronization protocols (prostaglandin, progesterone - P4 and Ovsynch), based on the expected performance for synchronization, conception and transfer/treated rates for each protocol. Stochastic simulation associated with sensitivity analysis was effective in identifying the optimal donor to recipient ratio. Freezing embryos is effective to reduce the operational costs per pregnancy. The estimated optimal recipient/donor ratio was 20 for prostaglandin and 16.7 for the other protocols. The P4 protocol, although the most expensive, resulted in the lowest pregnancy cost estimation followed by prostaglandin and Ovsynch.
25
Savitch, Stephanie, Robin Gilmore, and Denetta L. Dowler. "An Investigation of the Psychological and Psychosocial Challenges Faced by Post-Transplant Organ Recipients." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 34, no. 3 (2003): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.34.3.3.
Full textAbstract:
Organ transplantation offers to some terminally ill people the opportunity to have their lives extended with the gift of an organ(s). Following transplantation, the organ recipient is given extensive medical care, but the psychological, psychosocial, and occupational needs of the person are rarely addressed. This study identified and defined these emotional and occupational challenges and presents the current and prospective role of the Rehabilitation Counselor. Fifty-four organ transplant recipients completed a two-page questionnaire covering the post-transplant experience. Analysis of the results identified the challenges faced by the recipients post-transplant as well as the need for counseling during the first year following the transplant procedure.
26
Dow, Briony, Claudia Meyer, Kirsten J. Moore, and Keith D. Hill. "The impact of care recipient falls on caregivers." Australian Health Review 37, no. 2 (2013): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah12168.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. This study sought to explore the impact of care recipient falls on caregivers. Methods. Ninety-six community-dwelling caregiver−care recipient dyads participated in a 12-month prospective study. Falls and other accidents and service use were recorded. Dyads were assessed at baseline and after each fall. Assessment included the Zarit Burden Interview and a post-accident survey developed for the present study. Focus groups were then conducted to further explore the impact of falls on caregivers. Results. Fifty-four care recipients (56%) experienced falls within the 12 months of the study. There was a significant increase in caregiver burden after the first fall (Zarit Burden Interview score increased from 24.2 ± 14.2 to 27.6 ± 14.5, P < 0.01). Twenty-four percent of caregivers reported that they had altered their usual routine after the fall, mainly not wanting to leave the care recipient alone. However, there was no increase in the number of services used. Focus group discussions highlighted the need for constant vigilance of the care recipient, a lack of knowledge about support services and concerns related to utilising respite care. Conclusion. Falls among care recipients have a significant impact on carers, including an increased fear of falling, prompting the need for even closer vigilance. What is known about the topic? Falls are a significant problem for older people as one in three older people fall each year and injurious falls are the leading cause of injury-related hospitalisation in older people. In Australia falls cost the economy over $500 million per year. What does this paper add? This paper adds a unique perspective to the falls literature, that of the older person’s carer. Falls are a significant problem for community-dwelling carers of older people, contributing to carer burden and impeding the carer’s ability to undertake activities of daily living because of the perceived need for constant vigilance to prevent the person they care for from falling. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners should ensure that carers are aware of evidence-based falls-prevention practices and services, such as group and individual exercise programs, home modifications and podiatry, that might assist to prevent falls in the person they care for and therefore reduce the burden of care.
27
Gottlieb, DJ, SJ Jr Cryz, E. Furer, et al. "Immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa adoptively transferred to bone marrow transplant recipients." Blood 76, no. 12 (1990): 2470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.12.2470.2470.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Infection is a common problem for bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients during the period of neutropenia that immediately follows the procedure. Gram-negative infections present a particular hazard in these immunocompromised hosts. To augment host defenses against one such pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we immunized bone marrow transplant donors and/or recipients with a polyvalent O-polysaccharide- toxin A conjugate vaccine. When either donor or recipient alone was vaccinated before transplant, no increase in specific antibody titers to any of the vaccine components was observed in the recipient. However, when both donor and recipient were vaccinated before transplant, increases in antibody titers to all polysaccharide components occurred to levels shown to be protective in animal models of gram-negative sepsis. Specific antibodies were primarily of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclass even though IgG2 subclass deficiency is common after BMT. The requirement for both donor and recipient immunization reflects the need for primed donor B lymphocytes in the marrow inoculum to be transferred into an antigen-containing environment so that maximum B- cell proliferation and antibody secretion can occur. Adoptive transfer of antibody responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other common bacterial pathogens has the potential to reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
28
Gottlieb, DJ, SJ Jr Cryz, E. Furer, et al. "Immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa adoptively transferred to bone marrow transplant recipients." Blood 76, no. 12 (1990): 2470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.12.2470.bloodjournal76122470.
Full textAbstract:
Infection is a common problem for bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients during the period of neutropenia that immediately follows the procedure. Gram-negative infections present a particular hazard in these immunocompromised hosts. To augment host defenses against one such pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we immunized bone marrow transplant donors and/or recipients with a polyvalent O-polysaccharide- toxin A conjugate vaccine. When either donor or recipient alone was vaccinated before transplant, no increase in specific antibody titers to any of the vaccine components was observed in the recipient. However, when both donor and recipient were vaccinated before transplant, increases in antibody titers to all polysaccharide components occurred to levels shown to be protective in animal models of gram-negative sepsis. Specific antibodies were primarily of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclass even though IgG2 subclass deficiency is common after BMT. The requirement for both donor and recipient immunization reflects the need for primed donor B lymphocytes in the marrow inoculum to be transferred into an antigen-containing environment so that maximum B- cell proliferation and antibody secretion can occur. Adoptive transfer of antibody responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other common bacterial pathogens has the potential to reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
29
Skidmore, Julian A., and M. Billah. "Embryo transfer in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) using asynchronous, meclofenamic acid-treated recipients." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 4 (2005): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd04081.
Full textAbstract:
A total of 40 (Day 7) embryos were recovered from the uteri of 10 superovulated camels. Recipient camels (n = 30) were prepared by injection with 20 μg of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue buserelin (i.v.) to induce ovulation and then treatment with 1 g meclofenamic acid (a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor), orally, once on Day 7 and twice daily on Days 8 and 9 after ovulation and thereafter at a dose of 1 g day−1 until 8 days after embryo transfer. Embryos were transferred into recipients on Day 8 (n = 10), Day 10 (n = 10) or Day 12 (n = 10) after ovulation and another 10 embryos were transferred into untreated recipients on Day 8 after ovulation as controls. In addition, serum samples from all recipient camels were recovered daily throughout the period of meclofenamic acid administration and for a further 7 days after treatment had ceased and were assayed for progesterone concentrations. Results showed that whereas only one of 10 of the control group of recipients (10%) was diagnosed pregnant, a total of eight of 10 Day 8 (80%), six of 10 Day 10 (60%) and seven of 10 Day 12 (70%) recipients were diagnosed pregnant by ultrasonography 12 days after the embryo had been transferred. Subsequently, however, four pregnancies were lost when the conceptus was aged between 22 and 60 days, but this is not considered above the early fetal mortality rate expected in camels after natural mating or after transferring camel embryos to untreated recipients. Serum progesterone concentrations remained elevated, above 2 ng mL−1, throughout the period of meclofenamic acid administration in all recipient camels; thereafter, concentrations remained above 2 ng mL−1 in pregnant animals, whereas in non-pregnant camels concentrations had declined to baseline values (<1 ng mL−1) within 3 days of the end of the treatment period. In conclusion, treatment of recipient camels with meclofenamic acid reduced the need for tightly timed synchrony between donor and recipient because pregnancies were established in recipients that had ovulated as much as 5 days ahead of the donor.
30
Palmer, Alan, Rowena Gomez, Eric Taylor, Eliot Steer, and Megan Frank. "Ethnicity Moderating the Relationship of Cognition Function of Patients With Dementia on Caregiver Depression." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1055.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The purpose of this study was to see if ethnicity (African-American and Caucasian) moderates the predictive effects of cognition functioning in patients with dementia on caregivers’ severity of depressive symptoms. Secondary data analyses were conducted from Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health (REACH II; 2001-2004). The participants consisted of 214 African American and 321 Caucasian participants (N = 535). The assessment battery included the Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale (CES-D) to measure depression severity, Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) to measure level of cognitive function, and demographic questionnaire to gain information about caregivers and care-recipients. ANOVAs and ANCOVAs were used to examine ethnic group differences in care-recipient cognitive functioning in predicting caregiver depression. Caucasian caregivers reported significantly higher levels of depression and care-recipients’ cognitive function compared to African American caregivers, ps&lt;.05. A custom ANCOVA indicated a significant interaction between ethnicity and care-recipient cognitive functioning on caregiver depression with greater effects of care-recipient cognitive function on caregiver depression for the African American caregivers than for the Caucasian caregivers, p=.02. Descriptively, the depression severity for the Caucasian caregivers remained relatively high across levels of care-recipients’ cognition. The findings indicated that ethnicity moderated the effects of care-recipient cognitive functioning on caregiver self-report of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest greater resiliency in African -American caregivers supporting their dementia or dementia-related condition care-recipients (Dias et al., 2015). These findings support the need to develop cultural specific interventions to better support the wellbeing of caregivers of care-recipients with dementia or dementia-related conditions.
31
Zúñiga, Fernando. "Benefaction proper and surrogation." Advances in research on semantic roles 38, no. 3 (2014): 543–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.38.3.05zun.
Full textAbstract:
The semantic role of beneficiary is usually conceptualized in very general terms, typically without an intensive definition of what can constitute a benefit in the particular construction under study. Among those accounts that have proposed to discuss benefaction as related to the notion(s) of surrogation, substituting, and/or deputing, Kittilä (2005) proposes a distinction between recipients, beneficiaries, and recipient-beneficiaries based on the binary features [reception] and [substitutive benefaction]; the recipient includes only reception (and the beneficiary only substitutive benefaction), whereas both features are relevant with recipient-beneficiaries. This paper proposes an alternative account (i) by defining benefaction proper in terms of a prototype related to possession (and thereby to reception) and a periphery, and (ii) by defining surrogation as a separate notion that can, but need not, coalesce with benefaction proper. Thus, the beneficiaries’ condition improves because they are relieved from having to carry out a given action themselves.
32
Gallanis, Tony. "THE EFFECT OF ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING ON FAMILY CAREGIVER SOCIAL ISOLATION." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3286.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Social isolation has been shown to associate with negative health outcomes including depression and stress. For family caregivers of older adults, the demands on the caregiver often are associated with increasing feelings of loneliness and decreased social contact. The degree to which the caregiver’s social isolation is related to the complexity of the caregiving situation remains unknown. Through a cross-sectional analysis of 526 family caregivers from the Family Caregiver Alliance client record database, an association has been established between care recipient functional decline and caregiver social isolation. Social isolation was measured through the Lubben Social Network Scale and functional decline was measured through ADL/IADL reporting. Covariates controlled for in the analysis included caregiver ethnicity, duration of caregiving, adult child status, caregiver education, care recipient income, and hours per week caregiving. Family caregivers of care recipients with higher functional decline experienced elevated odds of social isolation as compared to family caregivers of care recipients with little to no functional decline. The results from this study highlight the need for medical personnel and non-profit actors to anticipate social isolation as a risk factor for family caregivers of older adults given the care recipient is experiencing functional decline.
33
Lucey, Michael R. "Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Balancing Donor Risk with Recipient Need." Graft 4, no. 3 (2001): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152216280100400310.
Full text
34
Ghosh, Arnab, Wolfgang Koestner, Martin Hapke, et al. "Donor T cells primed on leukemia lysate-pulsed recipient APCs mediate strong graft-versus-leukemia effects across MHC barriers in full chimeras." Blood 113, no. 18 (2009): 4440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-09-181677.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of host origin drive graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects but can also trigger life-threatening graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) across major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barriers. We show that in vitro priming of donor lymphocytes can circumvent the need of recipient-derived APCs in vivo for mediating robust GVL effects and significantly diminishes the risk of severe GVHD. In vitro, generated and expanded T cells (ETCs) mediate anti-leukemia effects only when primed on recipient-derived APCs. Loading of APCs in vitro with leukemia cell lysate, chimerism status of the recipient, and timing of adoptive transfer after HCT are important factors determining the outcome. Delayed transfer of ETCs resulted in strong GVL effects in leukemia-bearing full chimera (FC) and mixed chimera (MC) recipients, which were comparable with the GVL/GVHD rates observed after the transfer of naive donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). Upon early transfer, GVL effects were more pronounced with ETCs but at the expense of significant GVHD. The degree of GVHD was most severe in MCs after transfer of ETCs that had been in vitro primed either on nonpulsed recipient-derived APCs or with donor-derived APCs.
35
Carlsen, James C. "“The Need to Know”: 1994 Senior Researcher Award Acceptance Address." Journal of Research in Music Education 42, no. 3 (1994): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345698.
Full textAbstract:
James C. Carlsen is the recipient of the MENC 1994 Senior Researcher Award. The following speech was presented on April 8, 1994, at a special session of the Society for Research in Music Education at MENC's National Biennial In-Service Conference held in Cincinnati, Ohio.
36
Greyson-Gaito, Christopher J., Timothy J. Bartley, Karl Cottenie, Will M. C. Jarvis, Amy E. M. Newman, and Mason R. Stothart. "Into the wild: microbiome transplant studies need broader ecological reality." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1921 (2020): 20192834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2834.
Full textAbstract:
Gut microbial communities (microbiomes) profoundly shape the ecology and evolution of multicellular life. Interactions between host and microbiome appear to be reciprocal, and ecological theory is now being applied to better understand how hosts and their microbiome influence each other. However, some ecological processes that underlie reciprocal host–microbiome interactions may be obscured by the current convention of highly controlled transplantation experiments. Although these approaches have yielded invaluable insights, there is a need for a broader array of approaches to fully understand host–microbiome reciprocity. Using a directed review, we surveyed the breadth of ecological reality in the current literature on gut microbiome transplants with non-human recipients. For 55 studies, we categorized nine key experimental conditions that impact the ecological reality (EcoReality) of the transplant, including host taxon match and donor environment. Using these categories, we rated the EcoReality of each transplant. Encouragingly, the breadth of EcoReality has increased over time, but some components of EcoReality are still relatively unexplored, including recipient host environment and microbiome state. The conceptual framework we develop here maps the landscape of possible EcoReality to highlight where fundamental ecological processes can be considered in future transplant experiments.
37
Preka, Evgenia, Drew Ellershaw, Natalie Chandler, et al. "Cell-Free DNA in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplantation Using a New Detection Method of Separating Donor-Derived from Recipient Cell-Free DNA." Clinical Chemistry 66, no. 10 (2020): 1300–1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa173.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a noninvasive biomarker to detect allograft damage is expanding rapidly. However, quantifying the low fraction of donor-derived cfDNA (ddcfDNA) is challenging and requires a highly sensitive technique. ddcfDNA detection through unique donor single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is a recent new approach, however there are limited data in pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods We developed an assay using a combination of 61 SNPs to quantify the ddcfDNA accurately using a custom R script to model for both the patient and donor genotypes requiring only a single sample from the allograft recipient. Performance of the assay was validated using genomic DNA (gDNA), cfDNA and donor samples where available. Results The R “genotype-free” method gave results comparable to when using the known donor genotype. applicable to both related and unrelated pairs and can reliably measure ddcfDNA (limit of blank, below 0.12%; limit of detection, above 0.25%; limit of quantification 0.5% resulting in 84% accuracy). 159 pediatric SOT recipients (kidney, heart, and lung) were tested without the need for donor genotyping. Serial sampling was obtained from 82 patients. Conclusion We have developed and validated a new assay to measure the fraction of ddcfDNA in the plasma of pediatric SOT recipients. Our method can be applicable in any donor-recipient pair without the need for donor genotyping and can provide results in 48 h at a low cost. Additional prospective studies are required to demonstrate its clinical validity in a large cohort of pediatric SOT recipients.
38
Yamin, Stephanie, and Cassandre Gratton. "NEEDS AND EXPERIENCES OF CAREGIVERS TO PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA WHO HAVE LOST THEIR DRIVING PRIVILEGES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S111—S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.414.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The ability to drive a motor vehicle for most older adults is associated with a sense of independence, well-being, quality of life and identity. For many older adults, driving cessation eventually becomes inevitable. This is especially the case for older adults with a diagnosis of dementia. Driving cessation has been shown to negatively impact individuals’ mobility and, consequently, quality of life. Informal caregivers (i.e., family caregivers) can mitigate the negative consequences associated with driving cessation in persons with dementia (PWD) by meeting their mobility needs and by offering emotional support. The purpose of this study was to examine the experience and needs of informal caregivers of PWD who had recently lost their driving privileges. Ten informal caregivers of PWD were recruited from a tertiary memory disorders clinic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed. Transcripts of interviews were thematically analyzed using a grounded theory approach. The major themes emerging from the experience of caregivers included being overwhelmed by responsibility, overwhelmed by the emotional response of their care recipient and feeling resentment towards their care recipient. Similarly, the major themes emerging from the needs of caregivers included having the need for mobility training, psychoeducation on how to best attend to the emotional needs of their care recipient and the need for coping strategies. These experiences and needs expressed by caregivers indicate that driving cessation of the care recipient is a difficult experience for caregivers and that a therapeutic intervention based on the reported needs may be beneficial.
39
Campione, Joanne R., and Katarzyna A. Zebrak. "Predictors of Unmet Need Among Informal Caregivers." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 10 (2020): 2181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz165.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives This study investigates the relationship of caregiver demographics, caregiving intensity, caregiver support use, and aspects of the caregiving situation to a self-reported measure of unmet need among U.S. informal caregivers of older adults living at home with various conditions. Methods Response data from 1,558 caregiver participants interviewed by telephone during the December 2016 baseline period of the Outcome Evaluation of the National Family Caregiver Support Program were used. Caregivers who responded “Definitely No” to the question “Are you receiving all the help you need?” were classified as reporting unmet need. Logistic regression was used to find significant factors associated with unmet need among the full sample and among caregivers tiered by three levels of burden. Results Unmet need was reported by 22% of the caregivers. In a fully adjusted model, unmet need was predicted by higher levels of caregiving intensity, non-White race of the caregiver, and the caregiver not feeling appreciated by their care recipient. Other predictors associated with unmet need were no use of caregiver educational services, fewer respite hours, not living in a rural area, and caregiver having an education past high school. Discussion Caregivers who do not feel appreciated by their care recipient and non-White caregivers should be identified as potential targets for intervention to address unmet need, especially if they are also reporting higher levels of caregiver burden. Understanding the factors associated with self-reported unmet need can assist caregiver support programs in measuring and addressing the needs of informal caregivers to support their continued caregiving.
40
Dueñas-Jurado, J. M., P. A. Gutiérrez, A. Casado-Adam, et al. "New models for donor-recipient matching in lung transplantations." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252148.
Full textAbstract:
Objective One of the main problems of lung transplantation is the shortage of organs as well as reduced survival rates. In the absence of an international standardized model for lung donor-recipient allocation, we set out to develop such a model based on the characteristics of past experiences with lung donors and recipients with the aim of improving the outcomes of the entire transplantation process. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 404 lung transplants carried out at the Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba, Spain) over 23 years. We analyzed various clinical variables obtained via our experience of clinical practice in the donation and transplantation process. These were used to create various classification models, including classical statistical methods and also incorporating newer machine-learning approaches. Results The proposed model represents a powerful tool for donor-recipient matching, which in this current work, exceeded the capacity of classical statistical methods. The variables that predicted an increase in the probability of survival were: higher pre-transplant and post-transplant functional vital capacity (FVC), lower pre-transplant carbon dioxide (PCO2) pressure, lower donor mechanical ventilation, and shorter ischemia time. The variables that negatively influenced transplant survival were low forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) pre-transplant, lower arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio, bilobar transplant, elderly recipient and donor, donor-recipient graft disproportion requiring a surgical reduction (Tailor), type of combined transplant, need for cardiopulmonary bypass during the surgery, death of the donor due to head trauma, hospitalization status before surgery, and female and male recipient donor sex. Conclusions These results show the difficulty of the problem which required the introduction of other variables into the analysis. The combination of classical statistical methods and machine learning can support decision-making about the compatibility between donors and recipients. This helps to facilitate reliable prediction and to optimize the grafts for transplantation, thereby improving the transplanted patient survival rate.
41
Kleinman, Steven H., Simone A. Glynn, Tzong-Hae Lee, et al. "A linked donor-recipient study to evaluate parvovirus B19 transmission by blood component transfusion." Blood 114, no. 17 (2009): 3677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-06-225706.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Parvovirus B19V infection can be a serious infection for hematology patients with underlying hemolysis or compromised erythropoiesis syndromes. Although case reports of B19V transmission by blood component transfusion (as contrasted to manufactured plasma derivatives) are rare, no studies have systematically determined a rate of transmission to recipients transfused with B19V DNA–positive components. We used a linked donor and recipient repository and a sensitive, quantitative B19V DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to assess such transmission in B19V-susceptible (ie, anti-B19V immunoglobulin G [IgG] negative) recipients. We assessed 112 B19V DNA–positive components from 105 donors (of 12 529 tested donations) transfused into a population of surgical patients with a pretransfusion B19V IgG seroprevalence of 78%. We found no transmission to 24 susceptible recipients from transfusion of components with B19V DNA at concentrations less than 106 IU/mL (upper 95% confidence interval, 11.7%). We found an anamnestic IgG response in one pretransfusion seropositive recipient transfused with a component containing greater than 1010 IU/mL B19V DNA. These findings show either that transmission from components with less than 106 IU/mL does not occur, or, if it does, it is an uncommon event. These data do not support the need to routinely screen blood donations with a sensitive B19V DNA nucleic acid assay.
42
Weiler, Florian, and Franklins A. Sanubi. "Development and Climate Aid to Africa: Comparing Aid Allocation Models for Different Aid Flows." Africa Spectrum 54, no. 3 (2019): 244–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002039720905598.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the role different aid allocation models play not only for conventional development aid but also for two new financial flows, adaptation and mitigation aid. We first test the three models proposed in the literature – recipient need, recipient merit, and donor interests – using the latest available aid data and compare our results with findings of older studies on Africa, and with studies on aid allocation on a global scale. We find that the recipient merit model in more recent years no longer plays a role for development aid allocation in Africa, in line with findings reported globally. In contrast to such global studies, the logic of the donor interest model does not seem to dominate over the recipient need model in the African context, as both are of equal importance for aid allocation decisions. Finally, additionality seems to play a lesser role in Africa than globally.
43
Gervais, Matthew M. "RICH Economic Games for Networked Relationships and Communities: Development and Preliminary Validation in Yasawa, Fiji." Field Methods 29, no. 2 (2016): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822x16643709.
Full textAbstract:
Experimental economic games reveal significant population variation in human social behavior. However, most protocols involve anonymous recipients, limiting their validity to fleeting interactions. Understanding human relationship dynamics will require methods with the virtues of economic games that also tap recipient identity-conditioned heuristics (RICHs). This article describes three RICH economic games—an allocation game, a taking game, and a costly reduction game—that involve monetary decisions across photos of one’s social network, integrating recipient identities while maintaining decision confidentiality. I demonstrate the ecological validity of these games in a study of male social relationships in a rural Fijian village. Deciders readily map these games onto daily life, and target earnings vary widely; consistent with ethnography, relative need is the primary rationale for decisions across the games, while both punitive and leveling motives drive reduction behavior. Consequently, altruism and spite are both elevated relative to anonymous target games in neighboring villages.
44
Kim, Won-Bin, Daehee Seo, Donghyun Kim, and Im-Yeong Lee. "Data Distribution for Multiple Receivers in a Connected Car Environment Using 5G Communication." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (June 11, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5599996.
Full textAbstract:
The development of communication technology has brought changes to various environments. The evolution from 3G to 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) was mainly aimed at improving communication speed. However, the evolution from 4G LTE to 5G New Radio (NR) is not aimed at improving speed alone. In addition to the existing communication types, 5G aims to improve communication to support the Internet of Things (IoT), media, and complex content to which things are connected. In such environments, point-to-point communication has a very inefficient structure to allow content providers to transmit data to many content users. In the 5G era, content providers must distribute content to numerous users, and in this process, they need to protect the content. Multireceiver encryption (MRE) is an encryption technology developed for this purpose. MRE allows multiple recipients to decrypt data using their own private key with single encryption of a data provider. With this technology, even if the number of data recipients is 100,000 or 1,000,000, data can be distributed with single encryption. Therefore, while using the existing 1 : 1 encryption method, it is possible to solve the problem of inefficiency in performing encryption for each recipient. However, existing proposed MREs can cause key escrow problems and partial key verification problems. Furthermore, the privacy issues identifying the recipient may arise because anonymity is not available to the recipient. In addition, it is necessary to ensure a fair decryption process for all recipients which a legitimate user cannot decrypt. In this study, we attempted to address these problems, and through our model, it is possible to distribute the data more securely and efficiently in a 5G environment.
45
Stubber, Claire, and Maggie Kirkman. "The experiences of adult heart, lung, and heart-lung transplantation recipients: A systematic review of qualitative research evidence." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0241570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241570.
Full textAbstract:
Aim To review evidence about the experience of being the recipient of a donated heart, lungs, or heart and lungs. Design A systematic review (registered with PROSPERO: CRD42017067218), in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Data sources Seven databases and Google Scholar were searched in May 2017 and July 2019 for papers reporting English-language research that had used qualitative methods to investigate experiences of adult recipients. Review methods Quality was assessed and results were analysed thematically. Results 24 papers (reporting 20 studies) were eligible and included. Their results were organised into three chronological periods: pre-transplant (encompassing the themes of ‘dynamic psychosocial impact’, ‘resources and support’), transplant (‘The Call’, ‘intensive care unit’), and post-transplant (‘dynamic psychosocial impact’, ‘management’, ‘rejection’). Sub-themes were also identified. It was evident that contemplating and accepting listing for transplantation entailed or amplified realisation of the precipitating illness’s existential threat. The period surrounding transplantation surgery was marked by profound, often surreal, experiences. Thereafter, although life usually improved, it incorporated unforeseen challenges. The transplantation clinic remained important to the recipient. The meaning of the clinic and its staff could be both reassuring (providing care and support) and threatening (representing onerous medical requirements and potential organ rejection). Conclusion This review has implications for the psychosocial care of transplant recipients and indicates the need for further research to gain insight into the experience of receiving a donated heart and/or lung. Impact Medical consequences of heart and lung transplantation are well documented; this is the first systematic review of research using qualitative methods to investigate the experience of heart, lung, and heart-and-lung transplantation. The psychosocial impact of transplantation was found to be dynamic and complex, with notable features evident before, during, and after transplantation. Clinic staff remained significant to recipients. It is clear that recipients need continuing psychosocial as well as medical support.
46
Poptsov, V. N., E. A. Spirina, N. N. Koloskova, S. A. Masyutin, S. G. Ukhrenkov, and A. A. Dogonasheva. "Heart transplantation from older donors." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 19, no. 1 (2017): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2017-1-89-102.
Full textAbstract:
In the current situation of the shortage of suitable donor organs, heart transplantation from older donors is one of the ways to increase the performance of more heart transplants, particularly, in patients with urgent need of transplantation. While planning a heart transplantation from older donor one should consider increased risk of early cardiac allograft dysfunction, preexisting coronary artery disease, accelerated transplant vasculopathy which may adversely affect early and long-term survival of recipients. Subject to careful selection of donor–recipient pairs, effective prevention and treatment of early cardiac allograft dysfunction, pre-existing atherosclerosis and transplant vasculopathy the early and long-term survival of heart transplant recipients from older donors is comparable to heart transplantation from young donors.
47
Suzuki, O., M. Koura, K. Takano, Y. Noguchi, K. Uchio-Yamada, and J. Matsuda. "148 PRODUCTION OF PUPS BY OVARIAN TRANSFER IN THE SYRIAN HAMSTER." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab148.
Full textAbstract:
Instead of gametes, ovaries could be used as alternative resources for cryopreservation. In this study, we attempted to produce pups by transplantation of fresh ovaries to foster mothers as a first step to establish a preservation method of hamster strains on the basis of the cryopreservation of ovaries in combination with ovarian transfers. We also checked the possibility of inter-strain transfers of ovaries, since immunological tolerance among hamster strains is suggested by the fact that most Syrian hamsters were derived from only a small number of animals. Fresh ovaries collected from 3-weekold females of HAW (white coat) and APA (albino) strains were transferred into ovarian bursae of 3-week-old recipient females with agouti-coat (Slc:Syrian) under anesthesia with xylazine and ketamine. Halves of ovaries of recipients were removed immediately before the transfers, i.e., both donor and recipient ovaries were present in each ovarian bursa. Successful transplantation of ovaries was checked by the coat color (non-agouti color) of offspring produced by test matings of recipients with Slc:Syrian males after the recipients became mature. Five and six recipients received HAW and APA ovaries, respectively. All 11 recipients tested became pregnant and delivered pups. According to the coat color of the pups, three of five recipients which received HAW ovaries and one of six recipients which received APA ovaries delivered pups derived from transplanted ovaries (two out of eight pups, one out of seven pups, and three out of 11 pups for HAW; one out of five pups for APA). Our results indicate that transplantation of fresh ovaries to foster mothers could be used for production of pups from grafted ovaries in the Syrian hamster. In particular, immunological tolerance for ovarian transfers among at least three strains suggests that recipient strains might not need to be the same as donor strains for practical ovarian transfers in the Syrian hamster. Our results would facilitate the development of a strain preservation system for the Syrian hamster based on ovarian cryopreservation. This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan.
48
Stevens, Lillian Flores, Treven C. Pickett, Kathryn P. Wilder Schaaf, et al. "The Relationship between Training and Mental Health among Caregivers of Individuals with Polytrauma." Behavioural Neurology 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/185941.
Full textAbstract:
This was a hypothesis-generating exploration of relationships between caregiver training during TBI/polytrauma rehabilitation and caregiver mental health. In this cross-sectional study, 507 informal caregivers to US service members with TBI who received inpatient rehabilitation care in a Veterans Affairs’ Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center from 2001 to 2009 completed a retrospective, self-report survey. Embedded in the survey were measures of caregiver mental health, including the National Institutes of Health’s Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety and Depression Short Forms, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, and the Zarit Burden Short Form. Though no groups endorsed clinical levels, mental health symptoms varied by caregiver training category (Trained, Not Trained, and Did Not Need Training). Caregivers who did not receive training on how to navigate healthcare systems endorsed higher depression and burden and lower self-esteem than those who did. Caregivers who did not receive training in supporting their care recipients’ emotions endorsed higher anxiety, depression, and burden and lower self-esteem than those who did. Analyses also suggested a different association between training and mental health based on caregivers’ relationship to the care recipient and the intensity of care recipient needs. Potential hypotheses for testing in future studies raised by these findings are discussed.
49
Rylee, Tina L., Sayantani Sarkar, Sarah C. Reed, Elbina Rafizadeh, and Janice F. Bell. "Unmet Needs for Information and Support Among Military Caregivers." Military Medicine 184, no. 11-12 (2019): e922-e928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz109.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction In the United States, there are 5.5 million military caregivers, defined as family members, friends, or other acquaintances who provide essential care and support to current or former military service members. This study describes the prevalence and predictors of unmet information and support needs in this unique group of caregivers. Until recently, little research has focused on military caregivers. In 2014, a comprehensive RAND report underscored the specific challenges experienced by military caregivers including greater physical, financial, and emotional strain when compared with civilian caregivers. Of note, compared to civilian caregivers, military caregivers provide care and support for care recipients who are more likely to have complex illness. While this recent research improved our understanding of the increased burden associated with military caregiving, it also identified gaps for future work, including the need for additional studies to better understand unmet information and support needs to inform future interventions. The current study was designed to address this gap. Materials and Methods We examined data collected in the Caregiving in the U.S. Survey, a cross-sectional online survey fielded in 2014, by the National Alliance for Caregiving and the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) for primary caregivers who had been in the role for at least six months. Four outcomes representing unmet caregiver needs were examined measuring caregiver report of needing more help or information to: (1) keep the care recipient safe at home; (2) manage challenging behaviors such as wandering; (3) manage their own emotional and physical stress; and (4) make end-of-life decisions. Survey-weighted logistic regression was used to test associations between military caregiver status (military/civilian) and unmet needs while controlling for key socio-demographic, caregiving and care recipient health variables, with nationally generalizable results. Results Compared to their civilian counterparts, military caregivers had significantly higher odds of reporting need for information or support to make end-of-life decisions (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.24, 3.97; p = 0.01) and marginally higher odds of reporting need for more information or support to manage physical and emotional stress (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 0.93, 2.88; p = 0.08). In contrast, military caregivers had significantly lower odds of reporting need for more information or support to keep the care recipient safe compared to civilian caregivers (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.95; p = 0.03). Reports of unmet needs related to managing challenging behaviors were similar between military and civilian caregivers. Conclusions Needs for information and support differ for civilian and military caregivers and may reflect direct or indirect impacts on caregivers arising from differences in TRICARE and Veterans Affairs health insurance coverage and related benefits, services and systems or access to resources that address the unique needs of military populations. Future research is needed to better understand the unique concerns of military caregivers and inform interventions that support end-of-life care decision-making for military service members and their caregivers.
50
Kizhakkeveettil, Anupama, David Sikorski, Gene Tobias, and Christos Korgan. "Prevalence of adverse effects among students taking technique classes: A retrospective study." Journal of Chiropractic Education 28, no. 2 (2014): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-14-1.
Full textAbstract:
Objective The main objective of this study was to determine characteristics of injuries experienced by students while learning chiropractic procedures in the classroom. Methods Injury was defined as any physical adverse effect such as pain, stiffness, headache, and muscle spasm. Survey questions included age, sex, role, anatomical areas of injury, adjustive technique utilized, types of injury, treatment (if any), and recovery time. The survey was administered among the students in the 5th, 6th, and 8th trimesters of our doctor of chiropractic program. Only students who had completed one or more chiropractic procedures courses at the institution were asked to participate in the study. Results Female recipients had a higher prevalence of adverse effects as the recipient of the adjustment than did male recipients. The most common site for injury overall was the lower back. The relationship between recipient role and sacroiliac joint injury and the relationship between adjustor role and wrist/hand injury were statistically significant. Students were more likely to be injured in the beginning of their technique education. Conclusion This study suggests that students in technique courses learning adjustive procedures experience minor adverse physical effects related to the physical skills being learned. Strategies for prevention need to be considered.