Journal articles: 'Reciprocating dry sliding wear test'

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Reddy, A. Somi, K. S. S. Murthy, and S. K. Biswas. "Wear and Seizure of Aluminium-Silicon Piston Alloys in Reciprocating Motion against Steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 209, no. 4 (December 1995): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_439_02.

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Aluminium-silicon alloy pins were dry slid in unidirectional and reciprocating sliding against steel counterfaces in a normal pressure range of 0.39–26 M Pa and a sliding speed range of 0.6–1.8 m/s. Changing the mode of sliding from unidirectional to reciprocating as well as an increase in reciprocating speed were found to affect wear and seizure resistances adversely. Alloying additions of copper and magnesium to the base metal, on the other hand, were found to improve both of these properties. The temperature rise of the pin during sliding and the mechanical behaviour of the test alloys in compression in a temperature range of 25 300 °C and a strain rate range of 0.1–100/s were recorded and the data incorporated into a qualitative model to account for the wear and seizure behaviour of the test materials.

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Cotet, Adrian, Luminita Ciupagea, Dumitru Dima, and Gabriel Andrei. "Wear Behavior of Polyester – Carbon Nanotubes Composites under Dry Sliding Ball-on-Flat Reciprocating Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.1169.

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Friction coefficient and linear wear rate of polyester-carbon nanotubes composites were investigated through ball-on-flat reciprocating test, under dry sliding contact. Three types of nanoscopic fillers were used: multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) and singlewall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), with three values of weight content 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 wt%. Comparative analysis was done for polyester and its composites tested over 14 m sliding distance, under three values of load, 30 N, 40 N and 50 N. Composites containing MWCNT underwent a decrease in friction coefficient and linear wear rate only in case of 50N loading. An improvement of wear behavior under 50N loading was obtained for the composite with 0.10 wt% functionalized carbon nanotubes. Generally, better values of wear rate at 50 N loading were recorded in case of composites with 0.15 wt% and 0.20 wt% MWCNT and SWCNT, respectively. Optical and electronic investigation of the worn surfaces revealed the occurrence of abrasive, adhesive and fatigue wear. Abrasive wear is due to the hard particles detached from the counterpart which produce scratches and furrows on sliding track. Adhesive wear results when soft particle of polymer are caught and blocked among the asperities of counterpart, and it develops over a local area, being influenced by temperature rise. Fatigue and abrasive wear are responsible for the formation of the 3rd body between contacting parts which affects the friction and wear behavior. Morphological analysis of worn surface showed the rise of transfer film that induces instability of wear parameters.

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Perez Delgado, Yeczain, Koen Bonny, Patrick De Baets, Patric Daniel Neis, Vanessa Rodriguez Fereira, O. Malek, J. Vleugels, and B. Lauwers. "Dry sliding friction and wear response of WC-Co hardmetal pairs in linearly reciprocating and rotating contact." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 2, no. 1 (November 6, 2011): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v2i1.20430.

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This paper presents an experimental evaluation of friction and wear properties of WC-Cocemented carbides. A comparison is made between unlubricated rotating and linearly reciprocating pin-onplate sliding pairs. The plate specimens were WC-10wt%Co grades surface finished by polishing orsequential wire-EDM steps, whereas WC-6wt%Co pins were used as counter body. The tests were carriedout at room temperature using a sliding speed of 0.30m/s and mean Hertzain contact pressures of 1.76 and2.08 GPa, i.e., normal contact loads of 15N and 25N, respectively. The worn surfaces on plate sampleswere quantified in terms of 2–D wear profiles obtained by means of surface topography scanningequipment. Wear mechanisms such as polishing and abrasion were identified using optical microscopy.Inferior tribological characteristics for wire-EDM surface finish compared to polishing were found. Higherfriction coefficient and wear levels were measured in unidirectional rotating sliding experiments comparedto linearly reciprocating test conditions.

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Wang, H. M., and L. X. Cai. "State of the Art and Prospects on Laser Clad Multiphase Transition Metal Silicides Wear and Corrosion Resistant Coatings for the Aerospace and Petrochemical Industries." Solid State Phenomena 118 (December 2006): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.235.

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Wear and corrosion resistant multi-phase transition metal silicides coatings including W2Ni3Si/W5Si3, Ti5Si3/NiTi2, Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi, etc, were developed and fabricated by laser cladding process. Tribological properties were evaluated under dry sliding and reciprocating fretting wear test conditions and the responding wear mechanisms were discussed as functions of microstructure constitutions and test conditions. High temperature oxidation resistance of the coatings was investigated. The coatings exhibited excellent combination of room and high temperature metallic sliding wear resistance, fretting propertiy, metallic tribological compatibility, good oxidation resistance and abnormal wear-load dependence. Applications of the coatings were prospected for the aerospace, petrochemical and energy-processing industries.

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Iliuţă, Virgil, Minodora Rîpă, Adriana Preda, and Gabriel Andrei. "Friction and Wear Behavior of Moglice Polymer Composite through Dry Sliding Ball-on-Flat Reciprocating Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 808 (November 2015): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.808.137.

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This paper presents an experimental evaluation of friction and wear properties of a composite material-moglice - made by Diamant Metallplastic GmbH company, from Germany. This material is a polymeric matrix reinforced with particles of cristobalite (αSiO2) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). The material is recommended by the manufacturer for repairing metal parts. This material was tribologically tested in dry friction conditions, on a ball on flat configuration, using the reciprocating method, on a CETR UMT-2 tribometer (Bruker Corporation). The counterpart was a steel ball. The tests were performed at room temperature in normal conditions of relative humidity of 40-60% using an average sliding speed of 3.5 mm/s. The tests were carried out at normal loads of 20, 30, 40 and 50N over a sliding distance of 100 m. The wear traces obtained were optically examined with μSCAN laser profilometer (NANOFOCUS).

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Iliuta, V., M. Ripa, J. Javorova, and G. Andrei. "Ball-on-flat reciprocating test to evaluate dry sliding wear behaviour of reinforced polymer composites." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 724 (January 11, 2020): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/724/1/012019.

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Bonny, Koenraad, Patrick de Baets, Omer Van der Biest, Jef Vleugels, and Bert Lauwers. "Reciprocating Friction and Wear Behavior of WC-Co Based Cemented Carbides Manufactured by Electro-Discharge Machining." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 2025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.2025.

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Tungsten carbide based hardmetals with cobalt binder phase are widely used in engineering industries for their excellent mechanical properties and outstanding wear performance. Reciprocative sliding wear behaviour of a number of WC-Co based hardmetal grades was investigated using a small-scale pin-on-plate tribometer. Test samples were manufactured by electro-discharge machining (EDM) with various surface finishing regimes. SEM topographies and cross-section views of the cemented carbides were obtained both before and after dry friction tests, revealing distinctive wear mechanisms. The generated wear loss was quantified topographically using surface scanning equipment. Wear debris particles were collected and examined by EDX and TEM analysis. Based on experimental results, the execution of consecutive gradually finer EDM cutting steps was found to considerably enhance wear performance. Furthermore, a significant influence of contact load, sliding movement duration, application of lubricant and wear debris formation on wear rate and friction was established.

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Wang, Ben, Wei Han, Yueke Ming, Xiaohui Zhang, Yansong Zhu, Yugang Duan, Hongxiao Wang, and Hongying Zhao. "Preparation and Tribological Study of Graphene Coating on Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composite Using Modified Percolating-Assisted Resin Film Infusion Method." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040851.

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Tribological properties of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites used in reciprocating contact should be improved to secure the efficiency and safety because of risks of abrasion, adhesion, and fatigue deficiency amidst fiber, matrix, or interphase. This paper investigates the influence of graphene reinforcement on the wear resistance of a GFRP composite. Graphene was integrated into a typical GFRP composite as the surface coating using a modified resin film infusion method with the percolating paper assisted. Dry reciprocating sliding tests were performed against a stainless steel ball moving in a direction 45 degrees to the fiber orientation. The morphology of the worn surface was observed, and the corresponding wear mechanisms are discussed. Results suggest that the prepared graphene coating improves the wear resistance of the GFRP composite. The protected GFRP laminates remained intact during the first 20 min of the wear test and only a small fraction of fibers were broken after 60 min test. Furthermore, abrasive debris and fiber breaks originating from composite were markedly reduced, likely owing to the formation of a protective transfer film between the surface of the modified composite and the rubbing counterpart.

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ABDERRAHMANE, Abderrahmane, Mohamed GACEB, Mohammed CHEIKH, and Sabine LE ROUX. "Wear Behavior and Microstructure of Thermally Sprayed NiCrBSiFeC and Composite NiCrBSiFeC-WC(Co) Coatings." Materials Science 27, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.24478.

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In this work, a study was carried out on the friction and wear behavior of flame thermal sprayed NiCrBSiFeC-WC(Co) composite and NiCrBSiFeC coatings subjected to severe wear conditions. For this purpose, flame remelted samples were tested in reciprocating wear conditions based on a cylinder-on-flat configuration. The wear assessment of the coatings was achieved using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D optical profilometry. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated using SEM, EDS and XRD techniques as along with indentation tests. The tribological behavior of the substrate and the coatings was successfully studied thanks to wear tests conducted on an adapted multi test apparatus. The results show that both NiCrBSiFeC and composite coatings induced a significant increase in the steel substrate hardness and wear resistance due to the formation of precipitates with high hardness well dispersed within an ultra-crystalline structure. Besides, adding WC(Co) to NiCrBSiFeC leads to a composite coating with hardness and wear resistance further improved. In return, it increases the coefficient of friction (COF) and the coatings’ roughness. Furthermore, improvements in the surface hardness, the roughness and the coating-substrate adhesion were attained after the remelting process for both NiCrBSiFeC and NiCrBSiFeC-WC(Co) coatings. Wear tracks investigations indicated that reciprocating dry sliding based on cylinder-on-flat test configuration promote several wear mechanisms that may occur simultaneously.

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Wei, D. B., H. X. Liang, S. Q. Li, F. K. Li, F. Ding, S. Y. Wang, Z. L. Liu, and P. Z. Zhang. "Microstructure and tribological behavior of W-Mo alloy coating on powder metallurgy gears based on double glow plasma surface alloying technology." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 55, no. 2 (2019): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb181031022d.

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In the present paper, plasma surface alloying was implemented on powder metallurgy gears to improve its wear resistance based on double glow plasma surface metallurgy technology. A W-Mo alloy coating was obtained in the process. The morphology, microstructure and phase composition were investigated by SEM, EDS and XRD. The hardness was examined by Vickers hardness test and nanoindentation test. The tribological behavior of powder metallurgy gears before and after plasma surface alloying was evaluated on a ball-on-disc reciprocating sliding tribometer under dry sliding condition at room temperature. The results indicate that the W-Mo alloy coating is homogeneous without defects, which includes deposition layer and interdiffusion layer. The average microhardness of powder metallurgy gears before and after plasma surface alloying is 145.8 HV0.1 and 344.4 HV0.1, respectively; Nano hardness of deposition layer and interdiffusion layer is 5.76 GPa, 14.35 GPa, respectively. The specific wear rate of W-Mo alloy coating is lower than original PM gears. The wear mechanism of W-Mo alloy coating is slight adhesive wear. The W-Mo alloy coating prepared by double glow plasma surface alloying technology can effectively improve wear resistance of powder metallurgy gears.

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Zhao, Yangyang, Guoyuan Zhang, Maotan Liang, and Qunfeng Zeng. "Study on the Friction and Wear Performance of Lightly Loaded Reciprocating Carbon/Aramid-Based Composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 23, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9924690.

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The preparation methods of T300 carbon cloth- and aramid cloth-reinforced epoxy resin and cyanate ester were proposed, and four kinds of composite samples were obtained. The friction coefficient and wear rate under different test times and loads were obtained using a reciprocating pin-disk tribology tester. The tribology pairs included pins or sliding blocks made from different metals (45 steel and brass) and the disk samples of the composites. The test results showed that the friction coefficients of the T300 carbon cloth- (T300/4211 and T300/BS-4) and aramid cloth- (aramid/4211 and aramid/BS-4) reinforced epoxy resin or cyanate ester changed from 0.09 to 0.3 and were low under dry friction conditions. Under 75 N, aramid/BS-4 coupled with 45 steel pins was the lowest friction coefficient, which was 0.09. In particular, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite-reinforced cyanate ester were the lowest, which meant that this composite may be more suitable for use under lightly loaded and reciprocating running conditions in space engineering. By comparing the surface morphologies of composites before and after the test, the wear mechanism of the composites was discussed and the lower friction coefficient and wear rate may originate from the abrasive wear effects occurring between the tribology pairs. The research results have important engineering significance for guiding the use of composites in the deployable mechanisms used in space engineering.

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P.M., Anil, and Vasudevan Rajamohan. "Influence of surface roughness and ZDDP additive on the friction and wear of reciprocating sliding surfaces at high contact pressures." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 738–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-05-2016-0111.

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Purpose Surface roughness has been proved to be influencing the running-in wear of machined components under dry and lubricated sliding conditions. Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is widely used as an anti-wear additive, which reduces the wear by the formation of a tribofilm on the surface (Spikes, 2004). Factors such as temperature, sliding distance, etc. influence the formation of the film. A significant reduction in the power loss due to friction and wear is possible if a synergy is attained between surface roughness effects and the effectiveness of the tribofilm. The present work aims to study the influence of surface roughness and ZDDP addition on the formation and removal of the tribofilm under high contact pressures. Design/methodology/approach Samples were prepared by machining. Surface roughness was varied by varying the milling parameters. A reciprocating friction and wear test machine with a ball-on-flat geometry was used for the study. Tests were performed with mineral base oil and base oil added with 1 per cent by weight ZDDP under different operating parameters. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were conducted to study the surface morphology of the tribofilm. Findings A quasi-steady-state analysis conducted showed that the wear rate was much lower when tested with base oil containing ZDDP after about 65 min. AFM analysis confirmed the presence of chemically reacted films on the surface. SEM analysis revealed agglomeration of crystal like glassy phosphates. However, high contact pressures at the interface caused the removal of the films resulting in variations in the coefficient of friction. A comparison of the wear rates among the samples of different roughness values tested at 100°C showed that the anti-wear performance of ZDDP was not effective due to high contact pressures. Originality/value The findings in this study regarding the tribofilm formation with ZDDP additive and its failure due to high contact pressures will be beneficial for further investigation on wear resistant boundary films developed under such extreme conditions.

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Zhu, Yongmei, Junjie Chen, Jiajun Du, Yujie Fan, and Jifei Zheng. "Tribological behavior of laser textured nodular cast iron surface." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 71, no. 7 (September 9, 2019): 949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-08-2018-0327.

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Purpose Previous publications were mainly focused on the effect of textures under lubrication. Under dry sliding, area ratio of surface texturing (pit area ratio) and diameter of pit affect the tribological behavior. This paper aims to investigate the effect of laser surface texturing on tribological behavior of nodular cast iron under dry sliding. Design/methodology/approach Pit-like textures with different diameters and spaces were fabricated by laser on nodular cast iron (QT600-3). Using nodular cast iron (QT600-3) as the disc specimen and resin matrix composites (UCV018) as the pad specimen, the tribological test was performed with pin-on-disk reciprocating tribo-tester. Findings The coefficient of friction (COF) of the non-textured specimen was larger than that of the textured one. For the same pit diameter, a larger pit area ratio induced a slight decrease of COF, while wear volume decreased significantly. The pit diameter induced a slight decrease of COF as the pit area ratio, but its effect was weaker. Practical implications The experimental studies will help to improve the brake system such as structure modeling of brake disc. Predicting the performance and life of the brake disc in vehicle based on tribological behavior checked in test, it was proved that pit-like texture had application value in vehicle brake system. Originality/value This paper showed that the effect of pit area ratio on friction and wear was greater than that of pit diameter. The experimental results will be useful to the design on safety brake disc.

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Bonny, Koenraad, Patrick de Baets, Omer Van der Biest, Jef Vleugels, and Bert Lauwers. "Heating Effects in WC-Co Cemented Carbides as a Result of Reciprocative Dry Sliding Friction." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 2197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.2197.

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WC-Co based cemented carbides are widely used in technical applications, in which they are exposed to complex thermo-mechanical loadings. Previous research work has demonstrated that these materials exhibit a lifetime-limiting fatigue sensitivity at room temperature. This investigation is focused on the influence of heating as a result of friction of pin-on-plate tribocouples. WC-Co samples have been manufactured and surface finished by wire-EDM and grinding. Reciprocative dry friction experiments are performed under various loading conditions and sliding velocities. Correlations are established between the bulk temperature rise of the test samples and the imposed test conditions, material properties, surface conditions and coefficient of friction. Topographies and cross-section views of the tested samples were examined by SEM, revealing temperature dependent wear mechanisms, including binder phase modification.

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Hanon, Muammel M., Róbert Marczis, and László Zsidai. "Impact of 3D-printing structure on the tribological properties of polymers." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 6 (March 2, 2020): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-05-2019-0189.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of three-dimensional (3D)-printing process settings (particularly print orientation) on the tribological properties of different polymers. Design/methodology/approach In this study, fused deposition modelling 3D-printing technology was used for fabricating the specimens. To evaluate the influence of print orientation, the test pieces were manufactured horizontally (X) and vertically (Z). The tribological properties of various printed polymers, which are polylactide acid, high tensile/high temperature-polylactide acid and polyethylene terephthalate-glycol have been studied. The tribological tests have been carried out under reciprocating sliding and dry condition. Findings The results show that the presence of various orientations during the 3D-printing process makes a difference in the coefficient of friction and the wear depth values. Findings suggest that printing structure in the horizontal orientation (X) assists in reducing friction and wear. Originality/value To date, there has been very limited research on the tribology of objects produced by 3D printing. This work was made as an attempt to pave the way for future research on the science of tribology of 3D-printed polymers.

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Shah, Raj, Rui Chen, Mathias Woydt, Christoph Baumann, Joshua Jurs, and Philip Iaccarino. "High Temperature Tribology under Linear Oscillation Motion." Lubricants 9, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9010005.

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High temperature tribology is considered to begin from a minimum temperature of 300–350 °C, where organic base oils and polymers begin to decompose, until a temperature of 1000 °C. In this field of tribology, tests are typically run under dry or solid-state friction, unless a solid lubricant is used, since most lubricants will oxidize or break down when exposed to these extreme temperatures. Therefore, this form of tribotesting is useful to determine the friction, wear, and other tribological characteristics of coatings, ceramics, alloys, cermets, and similar materials. Additionally, high temperature tribology is important to further understand the frictional interactions and adhesive behavior of contacts that operate at these high temperatures. When considering measurements of the tribological parameters in a high temperature application, the standard Schwingung, Reibung, Verschleiž (SRV) (Oscillating, friction, wear, in English) reciprocating, linear-oscillatory tribometer can be modified for testing temperatures of up to 1000 °C by using a high temperature heating block. With this configuration, the instrument can accurately monitor many parameters of the tribosystem, such as coefficient of friction, electrical resistance, zero stroke point, sliding speed, and others. As a result, the SRV instrument is shown to be a powerful tool for high temperature tribotesting. This paper will provide an overview of this high temperature tribology test rig and will discuss its versatility and efficacy, and will show how it can effectively be implemented in both research and practical applications for the development of various coatings and other high temperature tribological contacts.

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Benabdallah, S. M. H. "Reciprocating sliding friction and wear test apparatus." Polymer Testing 9, no. 3 (1990): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9418(90)90040-k.

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Liu, Huiwen, Qunji Xue, and Li Lin. "Wear maps of TZP/steel reciprocating sliding couple under dry sliding." Wear 198, no. 1-2 (October 1996): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(96)06964-5.

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Nurdin, Nurarina Ahmad, D. Harun, Abdul Latif Mohd Tobi, and Ramdziah Md. Nasir. "Characterisation of Ti-6Al-4V Reciprocating Sliding Wear Test Behaviour." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.118.

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Sliding contact will experience wear in majority of mechanical components during their service life where it reduces the performance of the components. The capability to predict the evolution of reciprocating wear scars, such as the scar’s width and depth, would be a valuable tool when designing mechanical components. Wear scar mechanism behaviour is characterised during stabilized cycle reciprocating sliding wear test of Ti-6Al-4V investigated using pin-on-flat arrangement under variable duration of sliding. The test samples were analyzed using profilometer test, optical microscopy test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test, Energy Depressive X-ray (EDX) test and Vickers Hardness (HV) test. Stabilised high number of cycles shows low wear rate and initiation period of low cycles produced higher wear rate.

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Wang, Shi Bo, and Shi Rong Ge. "Reciprocating Triboligical Behavior of PA1010 Filled with ZnOw." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.801.

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The friction and wear behavior of nylon1010 composites filled with different proportions of ZnOw in reciprocating sliding against GCr15 steel ball under dry friction condition were studied. The worn surface and wear particles were then examined with SEM. The elastic modulus, nano-hardness and ball indentation hardness of composites increased with the content of ZnOw. The coefficients of friction of composites decreased lightly, which changed from 0.36 and 0.26 of nylon matrix to 0.30 and 0.22 of composites at 0.04 m/s and 0.08m/s sliding velocity, respectively. The anti-wear property of composites was improved with large extent. The typical wear mechanism of nylon matrix is adhesion and micro-melting. However, peeling of surface layer appears owing to fatigue for composites. Roll-shaped wear debris were produced for pure nylon, while flake-like debris for nylon composites.

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Xuan, Hongbin, and Gongjun Cui. "Tribological properties of Fe-Cr-B alloy for sliding boot in coal mining machine under dry sliding condition." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2015-0159.

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Purpose To improve the wear resistance of the sliding boot, the wear-resistant Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy is prepared, and the wear mechanism is studied under dry sliding condition. Design/methodology/approach The anti-wear Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy is prepared by powder metallurgy technique. The tribological behavior of Fe-Cr-B alloy sliding against ASTM 1045 steel pin is studied at 30-60 N and 0.03-0.12 m/s using a reciprocating pin-on-disk tribometer under dry sliding condition. Meanwhile, the ASTM 5140 and 3316 steel are studied as compared samples. Findings The friction coefficients of tested specimens increase with the increasing normal load. However, this effect is the opposite in case of different sliding speeds. The specific wear rates increase as the sliding speed and normal load increase. The Fe-Cr-B alloy shows the best tribological properties under the dry sliding condition and the wear mechanism is mainly ploughing. Originality/value This wear-resistant Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy can replace the traditional materials to process the sliding shoes and improve the service life of coal mining machine.

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Zivic, Fatima, Nenad Grujovic, Slobodan Mitrovic, Jovan Tanaskovic, and Petar Todorovic. "Influence of the ringer's solution on wear of vacuum mixed poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement in reciprocating sliding contact with AISI 316l stainless steel." Chemical Industry 75, no. 2 (2021): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind210105011z.

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This paper presents microstructural properties and damage behaviour of a vacuum mixed poly(methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, during the sliding contact with AISI 316L stainless steel, under micro-loads. Influence of the Ringer's solution on the wear was analysed in comparison to dry contact. The variation of load did not produce any significant change of the wear factor while the increase in the sliding speed induced significant increases in the wear factor, more pronounced in the case of dry sliding. The obtained wear factors were in average higher for the sliding in Ringer's solution than those obtained under dry conditions. Significant fragmentation of the worn tracks, of irregular shapes with broken edges, was observed, slightly more pronounced for the dry contact. Many cavities and voids were formed on the wear track surface, but they did not extend into the bulk material. Higher loads produced more uniform and less fragmented wear tracks. Abrasive, adhesive wear and plastic deformation grooves were observed, as well as fatigue and erosive wear. Fatigue cracks developed in the direction normal to sliding. Network of fine craze cracks was exhibited on the surface of wear tracks, especially pronounced in the case of dry sliding. These results are important since they contribute to understanding the sites of crack initiation, and development mechanisms on the surface of PMMA bone cements, also including synergistic effects of physiological environments pertaining to the non-steady crack and craze behaviour and crack pattern development in PMMA.

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Feng, Yuan, Jiangbo Cheng, Dan Liu, and Xiubing Liang. "Effects of Cr and Nb Additions on Sliding Wear Behaviors of the FePSiB Coatings." Coatings 8, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120463.

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The tribological properties of the FePSiB amorphous/nanocrystalline coatings with Cr and Nb additions were investigated in reciprocating mode against tungsten carbide friction coupling with different dry sliding conditions. The wear rates of the FePSiB-based coatings increase linearly with the normal load and sliding speed. The coatings with Cr and Nb promote the formation of successive and compact oxide film on friction surface, which decreases significantly wear rate of the coating. Nano-mechanical characterization done to map the correlation between the elastic properties and wear resistance. The main damage mechanisms of the FePSiB-based coatings under dry friction conditions are abrasion wear, delamination failure and oxidation wear.

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Haider, Farag I., Mohamed A. Gebril, and Salah M. Elkoum. "Evaluation of the Performance of Cylinder Liner under Dry Reciprocating Wear Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.310.

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The aim of this work is to study the wear behavior of the cylinder liner of internalcombustion engines, using reciprocating wear testing machine and study the effect of operating conditions (Rotating speed, length of stroke and normal load) on the wear behavior in dry sliding. A statistical analysis method was applied to study the interaction effect of these parameters, and effect of each parameter. Results obtained showed that the wear characteristics is effected mainly by the normal load (P), and stroke length (L), and the rotating speed (R) has no significant effect on the liner wear. The study also showed an interaction effect of normal load (P), and stroke length (L) together on the wear of the liner.

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Ayyagari, Aditya, Thomas W. Scharf, and Sundeep Mukherjee. "Dry reciprocating sliding wear behavior and mechanisms of bulk metallic glass composites." Wear 350-351 (March 2016): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2016.01.003.

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Bonny, K., P. De Baets, J. Vleugels, S. Huang, and B. Lauwers. "Dry Reciprocating Sliding Friction and Wear Response of WC–Ni Cemented Carbides." Tribology Letters 31, no. 3 (August 23, 2008): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-008-9352-z.

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Mao, Cong, Fangjian Zhou, Yongle Hu, Peihao Cai, Yifeng Jiang, Zhuming Bi, and Guanqing Peng. "Tribological behavior of cBN-WC-10Co composites for dry reciprocating sliding wear." Ceramics International 45, no. 5 (April 2019): 6447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.12.132.

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Samyn, Pieter. "Reciprocating sliding of polyester textile fabric composites along different fabric orientations." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316642830.

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The coefficients of friction and wear rates of thermoset polyester matrix composites with plain woven polyester fabric reinforcement were studied during reciprocating sliding under adhesive line contact at 50 to 200 N normal loads and 0.3 to 1.2 m/s sliding velocities. The samples were prepared along different orientations of the fabric relatively to the sliding surface and sliding directions, including 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° in-plane directions and thickness z direction. The coefficients of friction and wear rates were maximum along 90° and minimum along 45° for pure and polytetrafluoroethylene-filled composites. For the latter, overload conditions were minimized, and friction and wear became low for perpendicular fabric orientations. Although sliding is controlled by solid lubrication of polytetrafluoroethylene, the fiber orientations remain dominating the friction under mild sliding conditions. The differences between friction properties along weft and warp orientations could be correlated with mechanical properties along those directions. However, a systematic study in parallel with interpretation of the thermal heating could provide better insights in dry sliding properties. By considering the effects of thermal heating, thermo-mechanical sliding conditions in the interface controlled self-lubricating properties of polytetrafluoroethylene. The wear mechanisms along 0° and 90° directions were mainly determined by the fabric reinforcement, and the sliding along off-axis 45° and thickness directions was mainly controlled by the matrix and polytetrafluoroethylene deposits.

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Cai, Peng, Zhongfan Luo, Xuhua Duan, and Xinshao Qin. "Effect of reciprocating and unidirectional sliding motion on the friction and wear of phenolic resin based composite." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 71, no. 4 (May 7, 2019): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2018-0277.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of reciprocating and unidirectional sliding motions on friction and wear of phenolic resin-based composite. Design/methodology/approach The phenolic resin-based composite was fabricated by hot press molding, and then the tribological properties were tested on a CSM tribometer with two types of friction motion modes – reciprocating friction and unidirectional friction. Findings The results showed that the composite exhibited low friction coefficient in unidirectional test. However, the wear factor recorded under unidirectional sliding condition was 12-16 times higher than the reciprocating friction results. The SEM and optical microscopy test results showed that changing the relative motion mode resulted in different topography of transfer film, which is responsible for the different friction and wear characteristics of the composite under reciprocating and unidirectional friction conditions. Originality/value Effect of different friction modes, reciprocating friction and unidirectional friction, on friction characteristics of the composite is sought. Different topography of transfer film formed under reciprocating and unidirectional friction conditions contributed to the different friction characteristics.

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Aswinikumar, G. L., V. R. Rajeev, K. Jayaraj, A. Ashok Kumar, Bibin Emmanuvel, and Jeswin Jose. "Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring on the Reciprocating Wear Characteristics of A390 Alloy." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.391.

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Present study reports the effect of electromagnetic stirring (EMS) on reciprocating wear characteristics of A390 alloy. The microstructure features showed the refinement of eutectic silicon and reduction in size of primary silicon particles due to the effect of EMS. Hardness of the A390 alloy (100.28 BHN) prepared by EMS was higher than conventional A390 alloy (66.86 BHN). Reciprocating wear tests were carried out at different contact loads (15N to 90N) and speeds (0.2m/s to 1m/s) using pin-on-reciprocating plate tribometer for a constant sliding distance of 500m. As the reciprocating velocity increases from 0.2m/s to 1m/s, the wear loss of both EMS stirred and without stirred A390 alloys were found to decrease gradually up to the critical velocity 0.6m/s. It was noticed that above critical reciprocating velocity 0.6m/s, the wear loss was found to increase abruptly. Also, as the load increases from 15N to 90N, the wear loss of both the alloys were found to increase gradually up to 45N and thereafter abrupt increase in wear loss was noticed up to 90N. This clearly indicates a transition in the mode of wear from mild oxidative to severe metallic wear regime. Wear rate of without stirred A390 alloy in the region 45N to 90N showed predominant increase compared to EMS stirred A390 alloy. This trend suggests that EMS stirred A390 alloy is more coherent and stable under dry sliding wear conditions than without stirred A390 alloy.

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Harun, D., Abdul Latif Mohd Tobi, A. Singh Chaal, and Ramdziah Md. Nasir. "Characterisation of Plasticity Response for Reciprocating Sliding Wear Test of Ti-6Al-4V under Variables Normal Load." Advanced Materials Research 1087 (February 2015): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1087.350.

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Reciprocating sliding wear test of uncoated titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V is investigated using pin-on-flat arrangement under variable applied normal load. The wear scar produced by the reciprocating sliding wear test is analysed by surface profile examination using 2D and 3D optical microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Through SEM, the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is used to characterise the composition of the substance on the worn surface. The hardness value of the wear scar is investigated at three regions which are; worn, unworn and the end of the wear track using Micro Vickers Hardness Test. The presence of moderate oxygen composition and the increasing in hardness value at the end of wear track suggesting evidence of plastic deformation. The increase in hardness value at the end of wear track indicates increase in plastic deformation with increasing applied normal load.

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Liew, W. Y. H., Sebastian Dayou, M. Azlan Bin Ismail, Nancy J. Siambun, and Jedol Dayou. "Dry Sliding Behaviour of AlCrN and TiN Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.559.

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This paper examines the friction behaviour of AlCrN and TiN PVD coatings in atmospheric air and vacuum using a ball-on-disc and a reciprocating tribotesters. Comparative study on the coating sliding in air and in high vacuum environment provides important insight on the effect of oxidation on the friction behaviour of the coatings. Other important factors such as load, sliding velocity, temperature effects on the frictional behaviour of these coatings were also investigated. In the ball-on-disc tests carried out in vacuum, (i) TiN gave lower coefficient of friction (COF) than AlCrN, indicating that TiN was more lubricous, (ii) higher speed resulted in lower COF, and (iii) the COF of both coatings were lower than that produced in air. In ambient air, (i) AlCrN gave lower COF than TiN with high wear debris retention on the sliding interface due to the effect of oxidation, and (ii) higher speed resulted in lower COF, similar to that observed in vacuum. In the reciprocating tests, at low load, increasing the temperature from room temperature to 150 °C resulted in a reduction in the COF. However, at high load, the temperature virtually did not affect the COF. Higher nominal load resulted in lower COF while higher speed resulted in higher COF.

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Ayyagari, Aditya, Chloe Barthelemy, Bharat Gwalani, Rajarshi Banerjee, Thomas W. Scharf, and Sundeep Mukherjee. "Reciprocating sliding wear behavior of high entropy alloys in dry and marine environments." Materials Chemistry and Physics 210 (May 2018): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.07.031.

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Aghdam, A. B., and M. M. Khonsari. "Prediction of Wear in Reciprocating Dry Sliding via Dissipated Energy and Temperature Rise." Tribology Letters 50, no. 3 (April 3, 2013): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0133-y.

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Chinchanikar, Satish, Amol Barade, and Abhijeet Deshpande. "Sliding Wear Characteristics of Carbon Filled Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Composite against AISI 304 Stainless Steel Counterface." Materials Science Forum 1034 (June 15, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1034.51.

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In the present work, dry sliding wear characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite reinforced with 35% by weight carbon fiber against AISI 304 stainless steel counterface is investigated with a view to consider PTFE composite as an alternative material for automotive applications. Dry sliding experiments were performed on pin-on-disk wear testing machine varying the normal load on pin, disk rotation (rpm) and temperature correlating with the range of pressure, sliding velocity and temperature variation at reciprocating conditions of compressor. A mathematical model to predict specific wear rate in terms of pressure and temperature was developed to understand parametric effect on wear rate. Specific wear rate has been observed to decrease with increase in pressure and temperature. Although, pressure (normal load) has been observed as more significant in lowering specific wear rate than temperature, no significant benefit was observed at higher ranges of pressure. Decrease in specific wear rate with increase in normal load (pressure) can be attributed to formation of transfer film at sliding interfaces. However, it is necessary to characterize transition of formation of transfer film varying with normal load and temperature respectively.

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Su, Bing, and Shuo Zhang. "Friction and Wear Behaviors of GCr15 Steel under Dry Friction and Grease Lubrication." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.132.

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The sliding friction and wear behaviors of GCr15 steel against GCr15 steel under dry friction and grease lubrication were investigated on a reciprocating friction and wear tester consisting of a ball-on-disc friction pair. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of discs were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result shows that GCr15 steel friction coefficient decreases with the increase of load, and the wear rate decreases with the time going by. There exist larger wear volumes on the friction surface under dry friction, while the wear volumes are relatively minor under grease lubrication. The SEM analysis agree with such results.

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Talib, Anis Adilah Abu, Aidah Jumahat, Mohammad Jawaid, Napisah Sapiai, and Alcides Lopes Leao. "Effect of Wear Conditions, Parameters and Sliding Motions on Tribological Characteristics of Basalt and Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites." Materials 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030701.

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Basalt fibre is a promising mineral fibre that has high potential to replace synthetic based glass fibre in today’s stringent environmental concern. In this study, friction and wear characteristics of glass and basalt fibres reinforced epoxy composites were studied and comparatively evaluated at two test stages. The first stage was conducted at fixed load, speed and distance under three different conditions; adhesive, abrasive and erosive wear, wherein each composite specimens slide against steel, silicon carbide, and sand mixtures, respectively. The second stage was conducted involving different types of adhesive sliding motions against steel counterpart; unidirectional and reciprocating motion, with the former varied at pressure—velocity (PV) factor; 0.23 MPa·m/s and 0.93 MPa·m/s, while the latter varied at counterpart’s configuration; ball-on-flat (B-O-F) and cylinder-on-flat (C-O-F). It was found that friction and wear properties of composites are highly dependent on test conditions. Under 10 km test run, Basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite has better wear resistance against erosive sand compared to Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite. In second stage, BFRP composite showed better wear performance than GFRP composite under high PV of unidirectional sliding test and under B-O-F configuration of reciprocating sliding test. BFRP composite also exhibited better friction properties than GFRP composite under C-O-F configuration, although its specific wear rate was lower. In scanning electron microscopy examination, different types of wear mechanisms were revealed in each of the test conducted.

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Kim, Yeon Wook, Jae Hoon Kim, Bo Hwi Seo, Hoon Seok Choi, Sung Han Park, and Hwan Kyu Lee. "Mathematical Model to Evaluate Wear Rate of Graphite as Sealing Materials." Advanced Materials Research 871 (December 2013): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.871.200.

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The dry sliding wear behavior of graphite (HK-6) that is used as the sealing material to cut off hot gas was evaluated as a function of applied load, sliding speed and temperature. The reciprocating wear tests were carried out at room temperature and elevated temperatures. An attempt has been made to develop a mathematical model by response surface methodology (RSM) and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was applied to confirm the validity of the developed model. Also, the effect of applied load, sliding speed and temperature on wear the behavior of graphite was investigated. The wear mechanism was compared through the observation of the worn surface by SEM analysis. The specific wear rate was dependent on the interaction between temperature, applied load and sliding speed. A developed model can be used to effectively predict the specific wear rate of graphite as a sealing material within the range of variables studied.

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Franklin, S. E. "Wear experiments with selected engineering polymers and polymer composites under dry reciprocating sliding conditions." Wear 251, no. 1-12 (October 2001): 1591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(01)00795-5.

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Bonny, K., P. De Baets, Y. Perez, J. Vleugels, and B. Lauwers. "Friction and wear characteristics of WC–Co cemented carbides in dry reciprocating sliding contact." Wear 268, no. 11-12 (May 2010): 1504–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.02.029.

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Liza, S., A. S. M. A. Haseeb, and H. H. Masjuki. "Wear behaviour of PMMA against 316L stainless steel under dry and lubricated conditions." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 5 (August 5, 2014): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-01-2012-0012.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to gain a better understanding of wear behaviour of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in contact with 316L stainless steel under different conditions (dry condition, distilled water and Ringer's solution). PMMA is commonly used in low-stress sliding application against metal. The effects of applied load and frequency on the wear rate of PMMA against 316L stainless steel were examined. Design/Methodology/Approach – Tests were conducted under dry condition, in distilled water and in Ringer’s solution by using reciprocating wear machine. Worn surface morphology and composition was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Findings – PMMA wear rate increases with the increase in applied load, naturally. An increase in sliding frequency increases the wear rate under dry condition, but it decreases the wear rate in water and in Ringer’s solution. Originality value – The objective of the present work was to gain a better understanding of the wear behaviour of PMMA in contact with 316L stainless steel under different conditions (dry condition, distilled water and Ringer's solution). The effects of applied normal load and frequency on the wear rate of PMMA against 316L stainless steel at various conditions were examined experimentally. This information may have future implications for the design of materials which have a contact with physiological fluid in orthopeadic implants.

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Babu, G. Rama Kishore, J. Revanthkumar, P. Anandh, G. Venkatachalam, and P. Prabaharan Graceraj. "Investigations on Wear and Frictional Characteristic of Hybrid Polymer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.34.

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This study targets on wear and frictional characteristics of hybrid polymer. Experiments are carried out on hybrid polymers using reciprocating wear testing machine by sliding against mating steel plate. General purpose resin is blended with Cashew nut shell is used as test specimen. The values of frictional force, frictional coefficient and wear were measured to study the influence of accelerated wear.

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Lee, Soo Wohn, Hao Du, Huang Chen, and Bo Young Hur. "Tribological Property of Plasma Sprayed TiO₂ Coating." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.377.

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The sliding wear property of plasma sprayed TiO2 coatings with porosity of 4.2% and 5.4% mating against silicon nitride ball were comparatively investigated with a reciprocating tribometer under dry conditions. The results indicate that the wear resistance of the TiO2 coating with lower porosity is superior, which is attributed to its homogeneous microstructure and improved microhardness. The morphologies of the wear tracks of the two TiO2 coatings, as well as wear debris reveal the pore is the main location wear occur. The coefficients of friction of the two TiO2 coatings decrease with the increase of applied load, while the wear rates increase, which is attributed to the difference of the dependence of microhardness on load between the coating and the Si3N4 ball. No apparent dependence of wear resistance on sliding speed was found on these two coatings.

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Nurdin, Nurarina Ahmad, D. A. Harun, Abdul Latif Mohd Tobi, and R. Md Nasir. "Effect of Pin Size on Reciprocating Sliding Wear Test of Ti-6Al-4V." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.237.

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Ti-6Al-4V is material that has the special characterisation and widely used in tribology studies. In this study reciprocating sliding test between Ti-6Al-4V pin on Ti-6Al-4V flat surface was conclude and focussed on the different contact area of pin size. The testing is run using tribometer pin-on-flat machine where the parameter set on the computer. The sample profilometry than analysed using 3D optical microscope (OM) and value of hardness get from Vickers hardness (HV) test. Due to the experiment, the contact pressure for 6.5 mm is higher than the 12 mm pin size, that brings the higher depth of wear.

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Baradeswaran, A., and A. Elayaperumal. "Wear Characteristics of Al 6061 Reinforced with Graphite under Different Loads and Speeds." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 998–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.998.

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This work investigates Al 6061 alloy with graphite particle impregnated metal matrix composites under dry sliding conditions. The conventional casting techniques were used for preparing the composite material. Experiments were conducted under dry sliding conditions for determining the wear behavior of Al 6061 alloy- Graphite composite material with varying wt % graphite content under different sliding speeds and at different loads. Sliding distance of 250m was commonly used for the wear test. A pin on disc machine was used for conducting the wear test. The test was conducted under atmospheric conditions. Wear rate decreases with increased sliding speed and increases with increasing load. Worn surfaces of the composites were examined through scanning electron microscope. The wear loss of the composite material with 5Wt % graphite was found to be minimum with respect to sliding speeds and loads.

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Smirnov, A., J. F. Bartolomé, J. S. Moya, F. Kern, and R. Gadow. "Dry reciprocating sliding wear behaviour of alumina–silicon carbide nanocomposite fabricated by ceramic injection molding." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 31, no. 4 (April 2011): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.11.003.

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Azhaarudeen, Saranya, Azhaarudeen Anifa Mohamed Faruck, and Andreas Nevosad. "Tribological behaviour and wear mechanisms of manganese phosphate coatings under dry reciprocating sliding contact conditions." Tribology International 122 (June 2018): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2018.02.043.

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Camporez, R. M., N. F. Strey, V. M. Machado, and C. Scandian. "On the reciprocating sliding wear of polypropylene against polyamide 6 in dry and aqueous environments." Wear 426-427 (April 2019): 1018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2018.11.033.

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Meena, Rashi, Anoj Meena, Priyanka Meena, and Amar Patnaik. "Dry sliding wear analysis of aluminium alloy based cylinder liner by using linear reciprocating tribometer." Materials Research Express 6, no. 4 (January 7, 2019): 046503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aaf6c2.

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Liu, QC, YJ Cao, JQ Sun, QK He, YL Tan, BM Li, and K. Xie. "Residual stresses and wear properties of induction-hardened medium carbon steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, no. 10 (April 2019): 1554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650119840916.

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A systematic experimental investigation was performed to study the residual stress, microstructure and work hardening on the wear properties of induction-hardened medium carbon steel. The dry sliding wear tests were performed using a reciprocating ball-on-flat apparatus under normal loads of 20, 50, and 100 N against ceramic ball counterface, respectively. The wear mechanism was mainly abrasive wear at low load (20 N) and delamination wear at higher load (100 N) as evidenced by the worn surface topography and wear debris. The deformation layer generated by friction work hardening reduced the friction coefficient, exhibited better antifriction. Typically, the high compressive residual stress could improve the wear resistance by delaying the propagation of microcrack and inhibiting the delamination.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Reciprocating dry sliding wear test'

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