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Journal articles on the topic 'Reciprocity in social communication'
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Spengler, Franny B., Dirk Scheele, Nina Marsh, et al. "Oxytocin facilitates reciprocity in social communication." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 12, no. 8 (2017): 1325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx061.
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Sjøvaag, Helle. "THE RECIPROCITY OF JOURNALISM'S SOCIAL CONTRACT." Journalism Studies 11, no. 6 (2010): 874–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616701003644044.
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Pike, Gary R., and Alan L. Sillars. "Reciprocity of Marital Communication." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 2, no. 3 (1985): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407585023005.
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WANG, CHENG, OMAR LIZARDO, DAVID HACHEN, ANTHONY STRATHMAN, ZOLTÁN TOROCZKAI, and NITESH V. CHAWLA. "A dyadic reciprocity index for repeated interaction networks." Network Science 1, no. 1 (2013): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2012.5.
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AbstractA wide variety of networked systems in human societies are composed of repeated communications between actors. A dyadic relationship made up of repeated interactions may be reciprocal (both actors have the same probability of directing a communication attempt to the other) or non-reciprocal (one actor has a higher probability of initiating a communication attempt than the other). In this paper we propose a theoretically motivated index of reciprocity appropriate for networks formed from repeated interactions based on these probabilities. We go on to examine the distribution of reciprocity in a large-scale social network built from trace-logs of over a billion cell-phone communication events across millions of actors in a large industrialized country. We find that while most relationships tend toward reciprocity, a substantial minority of relationships exhibit large levels of non-reciprocity. This is puzzling because behavioral theories in social science predict that persons will selectively terminate non-reciprocal relationships, keeping only those that approach reciprocity. We point to two structural features of human communication behavior and relationship formation—the division of contacts into strong and weak ties and degree-based assortativity—that either help or hinder the ability of persons to obtain communicative balance in their relationships. We examine the extent to which deviations from reciprocity in the observed network are partially traceable to the operation of these countervailing tendencies.
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Fu, Shaoling, Hua Liu, Kim Tan, Yuanzhu Zhan, Yalan Ding, and Wene Qi. "How Social Capital Affects the Quality Performance of Agricultural Products: Evidence from a Binary Perspective of China." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (2018): 3009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093009.
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Improving the quality of agricultural products is the key factor in promoting agricultural development in the Belt and Road program. Although many studies have investigated the relationship between social capital and performance, the findings are inconsistent. Moreover, the mechanism of how social capital affects the quality performance of agricultural products remains unclear. Accordingly, this study developed a theoretical model with propositions from a social capital-quality performance of agricultural products paradigm for examining and comparing the three dimensions of social capital: The relationships among cognitive (measured by shared values), relational (measured by reciprocity) and structural (measured by communication), and their role in ensuring quality performance of agricultural products from the company and farmer perspectives. This study selected the companies and farmers in “A company + farmers” model. The data analysis is based on a sample of 184 companies and 414 farmers. The results show that shared values and communication have a significant positive effect on reciprocity. In terms of the influence on reciprocity, communication is higher than shared values from both the corporate and farmer perspectives. The three dimensions of social capital have different effects on quality performance of agricultural products. On the company side, communication and reciprocity in social capital have a significant positive effect on the quality performance of agricultural products, with the order of effect being communication first followed by reciprocity. On the farmer side, reciprocity and shared values have a significant positive effect on the quality performance of agricultural products, with the order of effect being reciprocity first followed by shared values. These findings have positive theoretical and practical significance for companies and farmers aiming to improve the quality of agricultural products.
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Wierzbicka, Anna. "“Reciprocity”." Studies in Language 33, no. 1 (2009): 103–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.33.1.05wie.
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This paper develops a semantic approach to the study of “reciprocity” — an area increasingly seen as central to linguistic typology. “Reciprocal” and “reflexive-reciprocal” constructions from five languages — English, Russian, Polish, French and Japanese — are analyzed in considerable detail. The different, though interrelated, meanings of these constructions are explicated, and the proposed explications are supported with linguistic evidence. The paper challenges current approaches which tend to lump formally and semantically distinct constructions under one arbitrary label such as “RECIP”, and it seeks to show how linguistic typology can be transformed by joining forces with rigorous cross-linguistic semantics. It also challenges the Nijmegen School approach, which privileges extensionalist “video-clipping” over conceptual analysis. The analysis presented in the paper demonstrates the descriptive and explanatory power of the NSM methodology. The results achieved through semantic analysis are shown to be convergent with hypotheses about “shared intentionality” put forward by Michael Tomasello and colleagues in the context of evolutionary psychology, and to throw new light on social universals (“human sociality”).
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Leung, Wilson K. S., Si Shi, and Wing S. Chow. "Impacts of user interactions on trust development in C2C social commerce." Internet Research 30, no. 1 (2019): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-09-2018-0413.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of two types of reciprocity (restricted reciprocity and generalized reciprocity) on customers’ trust in social commerce (s-commerce) and trust performance (purchase intention and word-of-mouth intention). Furthermore, this study examines how individual and contextual moderators (personal shopping experience and community shared language) could impact the trust development process. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a survey method and obtained data from 287 users in a customer-to-customer (C2C) s-commerce platform. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the research hypotheses. Findings The results demonstrate that two types of reciprocity positively affect trust in s-commerce. Customers’ trust performance is significantly affected by trust in s-commerce. Additionally, shopping experience in s-commerce is found to positively moderate the relationship between restricted reciprocity and trust in s-commerce. Research limitations/implications The findings help to understand the nature and role of reciprocity in influencing trust and trust-related behaviors in the context of C2C s-commerce. The research also helps to explore the individual and contextual moderators that impact the effect of reciprocity on trust development. Practical implications The results offer a comprehensive view of trust building strategies for s-commerce practitioners, including shoppers, vendors and managers of s-commerce platforms. Originality/value This study is among the first few research studies that offers a theory-based conceptualization of reciprocity in C2C s-commerce and provides empirical support for the impact of reciprocity on customers’ trust in C2C s-commerce. In addition, this study devises a broader view of reciprocity based on restricted and generalized exchange principle to represent the interaction of vendor–shopper and shopper–shopper, respectively.
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Roberts, Joanne E., Penny Mirrett, Kathleen Anderson, Margaret Burchinal, and Eloise Neebe. "Early Communication, Symbolic Behavior, and Social Profiles of Young Males With Fragile X Syndrome." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 11, no. 3 (2002): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2002/034).
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This study examined the communication and symbolic behavior profiles of 22 males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) developmentally younger than 28 months and the relationship of these profiles to the children's communication skills one year later. The boys, ranging in age from 21 to 77 months, were tested using the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales and the Reynell Developmental Language Scales. The children showed significant delays and substantial individual variability in their profiles. Overall, they showed relative strengths in verbal and vocal communication and relative weaknesses in gestures, reciprocity, and symbolic play skills. Children who scored higher in communicative functions, vocalizations, verbalizations, and reciprocity scored higher in verbal comprehension one year later. Children with higher scores in verbal communication also scored higher in expressive language development when tested one year later.
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Gove, Dianne, Neil Small, Murna Downs, and Myrra Vernooij-Dassen. "General practitioners’ perceptions of the stigma of dementia and the role of reciprocity." Dementia 16, no. 7 (2016): 948–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301215625657.
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A qualitative exploration of the stigma of dementia reported that general practitioners described lack of reciprocity as one way in which people with dementia are perceived within society. This was closely linked to their perception of dementia as a stigma. In this article, we explore whether general practitioners perceive people with dementia as lacking reciprocity and, if so, if this is linked with societal opinions about dementia as a stigma. The implications of both perceptions of people with dementia failing to reciprocate and of stigma for timely diagnosis are explored. Our approach is to follow the thread of reciprocity in the data from our initial study. In this follow-up study, general practitioners’ perceptions of societal views of people with dementia included a perception of a lack of reciprocity specifically linked with; failing to respond to human contact, the absence of an appropriate return on social investment and failing to contribute to, or being a burden on, society. General practitioners reported a link between societal perceptions of lack of reciprocity and stereotypes about advanced dementia, difficulties communicating with people with dementia, and lack of opportunities for people with dementia to reciprocate. General practitioners occupy a key position, they can challenge stereotypes and, with support and targeted training about communicating with people living with dementia, can emphasize the ways in which people with dementia can communicate, thereby enhancing their potential to reciprocate. Such changes have implications for improved care and quality of life through the continued maintenance of social inclusion and perceptions of personhood.
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Liu, Jun. "Mobile phones, social ties and collective action mobilization in China." Acta Sociologica 60, no. 3 (2016): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699316660596.
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To provide a better understanding of mobile phones as a recruitment tool in collective actions, this study explores the use of mobile phones for mobilizing protest in China. Using in-depth interviews and investigating four cases in which Chinese people employed mobile devices to recruit participants for protests, this study observes that mobile communication in China embodies guanxi, the indigenous social tie in Chinese society that introduces reciprocity as an influential facilitator of collective actions. The embedment of reciprocity facilitates the proliferation of mobilizing calls, legitimizes mobilizing appeals, generates obligations and consolidates solidarity for collective actions. The study concludes with a consideration of the relevance of mobile phones for the embedment of reciprocity in social ties in the mobilization of collective action in authoritarian regimes such as China.
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Hsieh, Yen-Hao, and Ya-Ting Lo. "Understanding Customer Motivation to Share Information in Social Commerce." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 33, no. 6 (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.20211101.oa19.
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The gradual emergence of social commerce is enhancing the development of businesses. The opinions exchanged and information shared by each consumer in the community affects consumers’ purchasing decisions and participation behaviors. This study established a consumer information sharing model in social commerce based on the theories of social exchange and communication ecology. Data were collected from 204 respondents and PLS technique was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that reciprocity and community participation exhibited a significantly positive effect on information sharing. Reciprocity and community participation also had partial mediation effects on the consumer–community and consumer–platform relationships.
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Gallagher, H. Colin. "Social Networks and the Willingness to Communicate: Reciprocity and Brokerage." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 38, no. 2 (2018): 194–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x18809146.
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Psychological models of second language (L2) communication have focused on cognitive, affective, and motivational precursors to L2 communication, while largely neglecting sociostructural factors. One way to conceptualize structural variables is in terms of social network reciprocity (mutually acknowledged network ties) and brokerage (social intermediaries). To investigate whether network positions predict willingness to communicate in the second language (L2 WTC), a cohort of English-for-Academic-Purposes students ( N = 67) was surveyed about discussion partners within the group. An autologistic actor attribute model was used to examine social network patterns of L2 WTC. As hypothesized, students involved in reciprocal structures reported stronger L2 WTC, as well as those in brokerage positions between larger social clusters. Contrary to initial hypotheses, local forms of brokerage held a negative association with WTC, suggesting the possible role of network closure. Results indicate that communicativeness is supported by tight-knit predictable exchanges, and by being in a position to influence the social diffusion of information.
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Wiwiek R. Adawiyah, Imam Santosa, Muslihudin,. "Towards Balanced Reciprocity: The Relationship between Landowners and Landless Peasants in the Rural Community." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (2021): 2345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.5283.
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Reciprocity relationships are a necessity in human life. This study aims to describe the various factors that determine the formation of balanced reciprocity in the relationship between land owners and farm laborers. The research's location was determined intentionally in the rural areas of Purbalingga Regency and Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative method with a semi-grounded phenomenological research design. The results showed that a balanced reciprocity relationship was determined by a variety of principal and smoothing factors. The identification results showed that the main determinants include opportunity, benefit, mutual trust, closeness of social relations, motives for reciprocal exchange, openness in communication, willingness to give transactions to accept and return. The array of determinants of smoothing factors is routine contact and communication, empathy, tolerance, length of relationship, regularity of social interactions, network of cooperation, solidarity, transaction ability, mutual control and evaluation. The existence and strength of these two types of determining factors have an important function in the formation of balanced reciprocity among agricultural land owners and farm laborers. Willingness, self-awareness and opportunity are very important to develop to form balanced reciprocity.
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Obata, Naohiro. "Effects of reciprocity on e-mail or social network service mediated communication." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 79 (September 22, 2015): 3AM—012–3AM—012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.79.0_3am-012.
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Nolfo, Mariella, Marissa Montejano, and Amy Donaldson. "Relationships, Friendships, and Successful Social Communication: Addressing Disability." Seminars in Speech and Language 39, no. 02 (2018): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1628368.
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AbstractChildren with autism may perceive friendship in a qualitatively different manner than their neurotypical peers. Yet, these friendships have been reported as satisfying to the child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although many studies have identified lower quality of friendship in ASD, reduced reciprocity, and increased loneliness and depression, perhaps it is time to take a closer look at the perspective of autistic individuals and to identify how the broader community influences development of relationships and friendship. The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning framework aligns well with a social model of disability lens, which states that although individuals may be challenged by their health impairment, disability is created by barriers to access, agency, and independence in society. This article discusses how clinicians might examine ways to address disability within the home, school, and community to create opportunities for relationship and friendship development, while considering the definition of friendship from multiple perspectives.
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Chuthapisith, Jariya, Pasinee Taycharpipranai, Nichara Ruangdaraganon, Richard Warrington, and David Skuse. "Translation and validation of the developmental, dimensional and diagnostic interview (3Di) for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in Thai children." Autism 16, no. 4 (2012): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361311433770.
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This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a translated version of the short version of the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview (3Di) in discriminating children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) from typically developing children. Two groups, comprising 63 children with clinically ascertained ASDs and 67 typically developing children, were interviewed with the short 3Di translated version. Mean 3Di scale scores in each domain of autistic symptoms (social reciprocity, communication, and repetitive/stereotyped behaviors) were significantly higher in the ASD group than in the typically developing group. The optimal receiver operating characteristics curve cut-off scores were found to be 10, 8, and 3 for social reciprocity domain, communication domain, and repetitive/stereotyped behaviors domain, respectively, which are identical to the original English standardization. Corresponding sensitivities and specificities were 76.2% and 80.9% for the social reciprocity domain; 85.7% and 73.5% for the communication domain; and 66.7% and 80.9% for the repetitive behaviors domain. The areas under the curve were 0.89 (95% CI = 0.84–0.94), 0.88 (95% CI = 0.82–0.94), and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.71–0.87), respectively. The short 3Di-Thai version is found to be a useful diagnostic instrument for differentiating between clinically diagnosed children with ASDs and typically developing children, although further replication is needed.
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Sebern, Margaret, Roger Brown, and Patricia Flatley-Brennan. "Shared Care Contributions to Self-Care and Quality of Life in Chronic Cardiac Patients." Western Journal of Nursing Research 38, no. 7 (2016): 837–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945915626877.
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Shared care is an interpersonal interaction system composed of communication, decision making, and reciprocity; it is used by patients and family caregivers (care dyads) to exchange social support. This study’s purpose was to describe the contributions of shared care to outcomes for individuals with cardiac disease. A secondary data analysis was used to answer the following questions. What is the association between elements of shared care and patient outcomes? Do dyad perceptions of shared care differentially contribute to patient outcomes? Participants in this study were 93 individuals with a cardiac disease and 93 family caregivers. Composite index structured equation modeling was the analytic tool. Caregiver communication and reciprocity were related to patient mental quality of life. Patient communication and reciprocity were related to their own mental and physical quality of life and self-care confidence. Findings from this study contribute a better understanding of how care dyads are integral to patient outcomes.
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Teixeira-Machado, Lavinia, Carolina Ziebold, Anna Beatriz Barboza, et al. "5.50 DOES DANCE PROMOTE COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL RECIPROCITY IN ASD? A BLINDED RCT." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 58, no. 10 (2019): S261—S262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.364.
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Colmenares, Fernando. "Greeting Behaviour in Male Baboons, I: Communication, Reciprocity and Symmetry." Behaviour 113, no. 1-2 (1990): 81–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00446.
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AbstractMatrilineal structures are typical of many species of Old World monkeys including the savanna baboon. Both isosexual dyads of females and heterosexual dyads frequently reach the stage of greatest social compatibility, i.e. grooming. Male dyads, in contrast, very rarely reach such stage, they show instead marked mutual intolerance and overt aggressive competition. Grooming and other forms of physical contact are fairly frequent between adult males in the patrilineal society of chimpanzees. In the hamadryas baboon, also with patrilineal organization, adult males do not groom with each other but they frequently exchange greeting interactions, particularly in contexts of excitement provoked by social tension. Species-specific differences (savanna versus desert baboons) in the morphology of greeting interactions have also been reported. The objective of this study was to examine the nature and function of this category of non-agonistic interactions recorded over a period of 9 years between 20 males members of a well-established colony of baboons, Papio hamadryas, P. cynocephaus and their hybrids, housed in a large, open enclosure in the Madrid Zoo. Greetings were conceptualized as interactions, i.e. in which each participant's action is examined in relation to that of the other interacting partner. A description and qualitative analysis were provided of the morphology (i.e. facial, vocal, manipulatory and contact, postural and orientation, and locomotory patterns) and properties (i.e. reciprocity/non-reciprocity, and symmetry/asymmetry) of greeting interactions. The most significant feature of greeting interactions was the three-stage pattern of performance observed, corresponding with the phases of approximation, proximity, and retreat. In each phase, characteristic behavioural patterns were displayed, some were quite stereotyped but others seemed to be rather influenced by the identity of, and social relationship of, the interacting males, and also by the immediate social context of the interaction. A quantitative analysis of 1583 greeting interactions and 1039 aggressive episodes between the 20 study males was then carried out. Individual males were assigned to one of the following classes of reproductive status: subadult (SA), follower (FW), new leader (NL), prime leader (PL), old leader (OL), and old follower (OFW). It was found a correlation between a male's status class and the frequency with which he played several different roles in greeting and aggressive interactions. Greeting interactions were typical of mature males (FWs, NLs, PLs, OLs, and OFWs), but very especially of reproductive males (NLs, PLs, and OLs). Their rate of participation (both as initiator and recipient) was positively related both to the size of their harem (e.g. prime leaders) and to the potentiality to increase the harem size by taking over new females (e.g. prime and new leaders). Males at its prime reproductive period (i.e. PLs) showed the highest rates of involvement in symmetrical greetings, and the males who were reaching that stage (i.e. NLs) were the ones who most frequently refused to reciprocate a greeting approach. As males approached the stages of higher reproductive potential their rates of symmetrical, i.e. non-contact and notifying, greetings increased. In contrast, the contact patterns observed during asymmetrical greetings were mostly displayed in interactions in which at least one of the participants was either an immature or a young nonreproductive (i.e. follower) male. Reproductive males, i.e. prime and new leaders, were the most frequent initiators and recipients of both greeting and aggression. Examination of the morphology of greeting interactions, particularly of the symmetrical and unreciprocated greetings, i.e. the approach/retreat non-contact pattern, that were typical of prime and new leader males, and of the contexts in which both aggression and many greeting episodes took place, i.e. agonistic conflicts and competition over resources, suggested that these two categories of behaviour might share some causal factors and that they might be regarded as two alternative strategies to deal with a similar problem, namely, the resolution of conflicts. In many cases, greeting may be regarded as a quasi-aggressive behaviour aimed at testing a potential or actual rival's tendencies in a competition situation rather than as a category of affiliative or friendly behaviour. Greeting in baboons is a nice example of a non-stereotyped behaviour in a higher animal, in which relational and interactional properties can be studied, and in which, as discussed in the paper, all the traditional ethological issues of causation, development, function, and evolution can be addressed.
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Rifai, Ahmad. "Da'wah Phenomenon on Social Media." Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies 13, no. 2 (2019): 371–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/idajhs.v13i2.2374.
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Da`wah is the activity of calling and inviting people on the path of truth the phenomenon of da'wah today develop so fast and dynamic with the presence of communication and internet technology, so da'wah can be implemented in cyberspace. the purpose of this study is to illustrate phenomenon of da`wah in cyberspace. the importance of this study to know the effect of the presence of information communication technology to da'wah in cyberspace. this research method using qualitative phenomenology, with the aim of describing the fact as it is. the results of this study are the development of da'wah in cyberspace grow so fast response and reciprocity from the audience is good enough. this is evident from the response of the audience which is seen in every post da'wah. These studies provide advice on the science of da`wah to improve the competence of mass communication in cyberspace. if da`wah is able to respond to this then he will be able to decorate the rubric in cyberspace.
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Murshed, Shahriar Tanvir Hasan, Shahadat Uddin, and Liaquat Hossain. "Transitivity, hierarchy and reciprocity of organizational communication network during crisis." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 23, no. 1 (2015): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-04-2012-0584.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore changes in communication networks during organizational crisis. In the literature, various terms such as organizational mortality, organizational death, bankruptcy, decline, retrenchment and failure have been used to characterize different forms and facets of organizational crisis. Communication network studies have typically focussed on nodes (e.g. individuals or organizations), relationships between those nodes and subsequent affects of these relationships upon the network as a whole. Email networks in contemporary organizations are fairly representative of the underlying communication networks. Design/methodology/approach – The changing communication network structure at Enron Corporation during the crisis period (2000-2001) has been analyzed. The goal is to understand how communication patterns and structures are affected by organizational crisis. Drawing on communication network crisis and group behaviour theory, three propositions are tested: communication network becomes increasingly transitive as organizations experience crisis; communication network becomes less hierarchical as organizations are going through crisis; and communication network becomes more reciprocal as organizations are going through crisis. Findings – In this research analysis, the support of these three propositions was noticed. The results of tests and their implications are discussed in this paper. Originality/value – This study builds on an emerging stream of research area that applies social network analysis to organizational interaction data to study various questions related to organizational change and disintegration. These findings could help managers in designing an effective approach to monitor regular functionalities of their organizations.
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Vergeer, Maurice. "Adopting, Networking, and Communicating on Twitter." Social Science Computer Review 35, no. 6 (2016): 698–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439316672826.
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Twitter is one of the most popular online social network platforms for political communication. This study explains how political candidates in five countries increase their online popularity and visibility by their behavior on Twitter. Also, the study focuses on cultural differences in online social relations by comparing political candidates in five countries in the East and West: South Korea, Japan, United Kingdom, Canada, and the Netherlands. Findings show that signing up to Twitter as early as possible increases one’s online popularity as predicted by the process of preferential attachment. Candidates actively following citizens and sending undirected tweets also increases the group of followers. This doesn’t apply however to conversational tweets, which decreases the number of a candidate’s followers slightly. South Korea, having a collectivistic culture, shows higher levels of reciprocity on Twitter, although this does not increase the group of followers. In other countries, including collectivistic Japan, candidates reciprocate less frequently with citizens, effectively using Twitter more as a mass medium for broadcasting.
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Valociková, Cyntia, and Jolán Velencei. "How Did Reciprocity Evolve in Online Communication? Turnout of Reciprocal Altruism." Theory, Methodology, Practice 16, no. 2 (2020): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2020.02.11.
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Why do we help strangers on the Internet? Sharing our experience, knowledge, or information does not involve a large investment of energy, yet users often expect to be rewarded for sharing their personal resources. Economics and other disciplines call this type of exchange reciprocal altruism. The present research introduces different types of altruism and then deals with reciprocal altruism. It describes how this form of selflessness can appear in social media. The aim of the research is to create an overview of Hungarian and international research, which is the first step of a long-term, comprehensive research project.
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Tang, Qing, Xuefeng Zhao, and Shan Liu. "The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on mobile coupon sharing in social network sites." Internet Research 26, no. 1 (2016): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-05-2014-0136.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of two intrinsic (i.e. sense of self-worth and socializing) and two extrinsic motivations (i.e. economic reward and reciprocity) on mobile coupon (m-coupon) sharing by users in social network sites (SNSs). Moreover, this study examines how coupon proneness moderates the relationship between motivations and m-coupon sharing in SNSs. Design/methodology/approach – A research model that integrates four motivations, coupon proneness, and m-coupon sharing is developed. Quantitative data from 247 users are collected via online and offline survey. Partial least squares technique is employed to evaluate the measurement model, and hypotheses are tested through hierarchical regression analysis. Findings – Sense of self-worth, socializing, economic reward and reciprocity have positive effects on m-coupon sharing in SNSs. Furthermore, coupon proneness positively moderates the relationship of socializing and reciprocity with m-coupon sharing, whereas the moderating effects of coupon proneness on the relationship of sense of self-worth and economic reward with m-coupon sharing are insignificant. Originality/value – The findings highlight the integrated effects of coupon proneness and motivations on m-coupon sharing in SNS. The impact of socializing and reciprocity on m-coupon sharing is higher for users with higher coupon proneness. However, the effect of sense of self-worth and economic reward on m-coupon sharing is the same regardless of coupon proneness of users. Therefore, although users with different motivations should be identified, SNSs and merchants should develop different incentive mechanisms to promote m-coupon sharing among various users.
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KC, Birendra, Duarte B. Morais, M. Nils Peterson, Erin Seekamp, and Jordan W. Smith. "Social network analysis of wildlife tourism microentrepreneurial network." Tourism and Hospitality Research 19, no. 2 (2017): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358417715679.
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Social networks are an important element of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs rely on social networks to access ideas, information, and resources to facilitate their entrepreneurial process. Strong and weak ties influence the entrepreneurial process in unique ways. This study utilized social network analysis approach to examine wildlife tourism microentrepreneurship through in-person structured interviews with 37 microentrepreneurs from North Carolina’s Pamlico Sound Region. Specifically, this study examined the extent of network ties, the type of support received from those network ties, and the process of creating and maintaining the business network ties. Weak ties were more prevalent than strong ties. Support was received in terms of marketing and advertising, information sharing, and product sponsorship. Weak ties were established through professional workshops and seminars or while working in the same territory, whereas reciprocity, togetherness, communication, and trust were identified as major factors to maintain weak ties. This study suggests that cognitive social capital factors (e.g. reciprocity, togetherness, and trust) can be highly important toward effective use of social networks, as well as to ensure entrepreneurial success.
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Mohrmann, Douglas C. "Benefaction, gratitude, and reciprocity within the Bible." Anglican Theological Review 103, no. 3 (2021): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00033286211023896.
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Gratitude as a response to benefactions is manifest variously in social interactions as remembered by biblical narratives. Attention to key vocabulary, which was particularly developed in the patron-client relationships of the Graeco-Roman cultures, is fruitfully joined with attention to gestures, postures, public settings, and other non-verbal modes of communication to witness how gratitude was an essential to these relationships. This article explores several stories from the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament to discern how the reciprocity of benefaction and gratitude operated. It will also describe how Divine benefaction and human gratitude shared significant similarities with these expressions of reciprocity.
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Ting, Joanna Hie Ping, and Kee Jiar Yeo. "Parents’ Perceptions on Social Skills Functioning of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 2, no. 4 (2018): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v2i4.261.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social communication, social interaction and sensory sensitivities. Social skills are one of the common deficits displayed by children with ASD. However, the level of impairment exerted by children with ASD relies on the disorder severity. Social skills are critical to successful social-emotional, communication and cognitive development. Specific social skills deficits include difficulties in initiating interactions, maintaining social reciprocity, sharing attention, taking another person’s perspective, and inferring the interests of others. In this study, social skills consist of social awareness, social cognition, social communication, social motivation and autism mannerism. This study aimed to uncover the conceptualization of social skills from the parents’ perspective, thus providing an indication of education on the topic of ASD.
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Alfaro Moreno, Rosa María. "Is it Possible to Generate Development Starting from Communication?" Nordicom Review 33, Special-Issue (2012): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0028.
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Abstract Communication, both intra-sector and among sectors, can generate dialogues and reciprocity and render development a public matter, i.e. a matter that pertains to all, including the media sector. However, it is still the case that we are faced with scattered social forces, unclear about their role in promoting inclusive, equitable and plural development. Those forces sometimes lack in democratic convictions or in significant social bonds among similarly minded groups. This article condenses years of reflection on our work at the Association of Social Communicators “Calandria”, a Peruvian civil society institution created in 1983 as the point of departure to argue that citizens should be the protagonists of development in a relationship with other key players, from government, the business community and organized civil society.
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Sheer, Vivian C., and Timothy K. Fung. "Can Email Communication Enhance Professor-Student Relationship and Student Evaluation of Professor?: Some Empirical Evidence." Journal of Educational Computing Research 37, no. 3 (2007): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ec.37.3.d.
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Four hundred and eight undergraduate students participated in this study that examined professor-student email communication, interpersonal relationship and teaching evaluation. Several findings have been gleaned. First, academic task was the most frequent email topic and social-relationship less frequent between professors and students. Second, professors emailed students more frequently than the reverse. Third, professors and students exhibited a higher degree of reciprocity for social-relationship communication than for task emails. Fourth, email communication contributed positively to both professor-student relationship and teaching evaluation. Fifth, professor email helpfulness, reply promptness and email frequency for social-relationship were the most significant predictors of both professor-student relationship and teaching evaluation.
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Hossain, Md, Nusrat Jahan, Yuantao Fang, Saiful Hoque, and Md Hossain. "Nexus of Electronic Word-Of-Mouth to Social Networking Sites: A Sustainable Chatter of New Digital Social Media." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (2019): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030759.
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The purpose of this study was to examine how electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communication of Facebook is influenced by social exchanges, social capital, and service quality dimensions. The online survey was conducted with a pre-tested and self-administered questionnaire, and a structural equation model was used to examine the hypothetical relationships. The results of the structural model provide insights into four key antecedents for the effective use of eWOM communication from a social capital and exchange perspective. In particular, reciprocity, tie strength, trust, and interaction service quality significantly and positively influence eWOM communication, demonstrating that social media users engage in online communication when they have a positive perception toward these psychological dimensions. The comprehensive study offers an extended theoretical perspective on eWOM literature for emerging market context and clearly examines the influencing factors of eWOM that remain to be addressed in this context. Since eWOM is widely used in social media to promote viral marketing through its powerful connection and interpersonal relationship-building capabilities, the results of the study have important implications for the practitioners with respect to sustainable advertising and business strategies.
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Greeson, Megan R., Jennifer Watling Neal, and Rebecca Campbell. "Using Social Network Analysis to Identify Successful Relationship Patterns Within Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs)." Violence Against Women 25, no. 8 (2018): 968–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218801115.
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The current study used social network analysis (SNA) to examine relationships within three effective Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs) that coordinate the response of legal, medical, and advocacy organizations to sexual assault. Within each SART, organizations reported on each other member organization valuing their role, serving as a resource to their work, and communication outside of official meetings. Across the SARTs, there was high connectedness and reciprocity and low to moderate dependence on one organization to drive relationships. However, there was dependence on a subgroup of organizations to drive additional communication relationships. Implications for managing relationships in SARTs are discussed.
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Waller, Jana, Marie Sanford, Tina Caswell, and Christine Bainbridge. "Comprehensive Social Communication Support for Improving Transitions for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 1, no. 16 (2016): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp1.sig16.63.
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Purpose In this article we describe a comprehensive initiative for preparing adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for successful transitions into adulthood. We present a framework for teaching and shaping social communication behaviors for bridging potential gaps in the progression from high school into postsecondary education, the workforce, and independent living. Background In our program, Information and Communication Readiness for All Transition Experiences (ICREATE), we integrate six fundamental components to build social communication behaviors for effective transitions into new experiences. Outcomes Participants in ICREATE demonstrate improvements in social communication behaviors, including self-awareness, social reciprocity, and self-advocacy behaviors. Throughout the program, participants apply and generalize their learned social communication behaviors to a variety of contexts. Implications The ICREATE program has significant implications for adolescents with ASD, their families, and their communities. The information we provide serves as an outline that can be modified and adapted for a variety of settings and populations.
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Peretti, Peter O., and Richard R. Abplanalp. "CHEMISTRY IN THE COLLEGE DATING PROCESS: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 32, no. 2 (2004): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.2.147.
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Males and females dating at the college level often state that there has to be chemistry between them and a dating partner. The present study was conducted to try to determine: (1) the structure of specific variables male and female daters apply to their concept of chemistry, and (2) how these variables apply to the dating process. The results indicated that physical attractiveness, similarity, spontaneous communication, reciprocity, warm personality, and longing tended to be the most important variables.
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Agliata, Allison Kanter, and Kimberly Renk. "College Students’ Adjustment: The Role of Parent–College Student Expectation Discrepancies and Communication Reciprocity." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 37, no. 8 (2007): 967–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9200-8.
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Nurymov, E. S., and N. B. Zhienbaeva. "ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL EDUCATION FOR TEENAGERS WITH MUSCULOSPHOTAL DISORDERS." BULLETIN Series Psychology 66, no. 1 (2021): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-1.1728-7847.18.
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Online technologies offer many positive social and behavioral opportunities for students with special needs and allow you to develop correctional and developmental programs in accordance with the age and individual characteristics of children, their state of mental and somatic health. Children with special educational needs, such as those with musculoskeletal disorders, often experience significant deficits in social reciprocity and communication skills, but these children are very sensitive to technology.
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Thiemann-Bourque, Kathy. "Peer-Mediated AAC Instruction for Young Children With Autism and other Developmental Disabilities." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 21, no. 4 (2012): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac21.4.159.
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Abstract Many young children with developmental disabilities (DD) have significant delays in social, communication, and play skills. For those children learning to use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), successful social interactions with peers will require explicit instruction on the same system for both communication partners. Peer-mediated (PM) interventions are recommended best practice based on more than 30 years of research with young children with autism and other DDs. Integrating direct AAC instruction within PM programs to advance social reciprocity in typical preschool routines is a necessary and important next step for young AAC users. In this article, I will summarize the design and outcomes of two PM AAC studies documenting positive social outcomes for preschool children with severe autism. I will also highlight strategies to recruit peers without disabilities, teach peer partners how to use AAC systems (e.g., Picture Exchange Communication System [PECS], Speech Generating Devices [SGDs]), and engineer the preschool classroom for successful AAC communication. I will describe data collection procedures for measuring changes in reciprocal child and peer social communication interactions.
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Thiemann-Bourque, Kathy, Sarah Feldmiller, Lesa Hoffman, and Stacy Johner. "Incorporating a Peer-Mediated Approach Into Speech-Generating Device Intervention: Effects on Communication of Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 8 (2018): 2045–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0424.
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PurposeThis study examined the effects of incorporating a peer-mediated approach into a speech-generating device (SGD) intervention on communication of 45 nonverbal and minimally verbal preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 95 peers without disabilities. The SGD was an iPad 2 (Apple) with voice output app.MethodEffects were evaluated using a multivariate randomized control trial design with repeated measures for 4 cohorts across baseline, intervention, generalization, and maintenance phases. Children were randomly assigned to an experimental treatment that trained peers on use of the SGD or a business-as-usual comparison condition with untrained peers. Communication outcomes were measured for both children with ASD and peers.ResultsChildren receiving the treatment demonstrated significant increases in rates of communication and more balanced responses and initiations (a measure of reciprocity) than children in the comparison group. They were able to generalize improvements and maintain communication gains. Treatment fidelity was high for school staff and peer implementation.ConclusionsResults support positive effects on communication of teaching young children with ASD and peers without disabilities to use the same SGD system in typical preschool activities. SGD interventions that utilize peer-mediated approaches may improve core deficits in communication and reciprocity and allow for greater classroom social participation and interactions with peers.
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Cant, Bob. "Facilitating Social Networks among Gay Men." Sociological Research Online 9, no. 4 (2004): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1018.
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Social networks are increasingly recognised as being beneficial to health and wellbeing. This paper, drawing from a qualitative study into health services targeted at gay men in London, explores the facilitation by service providers of social networks among gay men. Networks are dependent upon reciprocity among their participants and the study examines how shared narratives can generate a sense of the reciprocity that contributes to the development of networks. The networks discussed here promote instrumental support or communication or emotional well-being or a combination of those. The paper explores the diversity of narratives among the thirty eight gay male service users who were informants to this study. While narratives around experiencing same sex desire, encountering social isolation and making decisions about coming out were articulated by all these informants, there were other organising principles in their lives which also shaped their narratives and their decisions about whom they shared these narratives with. The paper focuses on the development of social networks among three groups of gay men: young South Asian men accessing HIV prevention services, men seeking to give up smoking in relation to their experiences in the commercial venues which constitute the gay scene and carers of gay men and lesbians suffering from a chronic disease. The paper seeks to generate opportunities for reflection about the means to promote health and well-being among members of this marginalised population group.
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Ratuva, Steven. "‘Failed’ or resilient subaltern communities? Pacific indigenous social protection systems in a neoliberal world." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 2 (2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.165.
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The notion of failed state is based on culturally, historically and ideologically slanted lenses and tends to rank post-colonial societies at the lower end of the Failed State Index (FSI). Likewise, the Social Protection Index (SPI) uses neoliberal and Western-based variables and tends to disadvantage subaltern post-colonial communities as in the Pacific. This article reverses this trend by arguing for a re-examination of the factors which shape the resilience and adaptability of local communities, something which has always been ignored by mainstream classificatory schemas such as the FSI and SPI. To this end, the article examines the indigenous and local human security and social protection systems in the Pacific and how these provide support mechanisms for community resilience and adaptation in the face of a predatory neoliberal onslaught and globalisation. It focuses on kinship, reciprocity, communal obligation and communal labour as examples of social protection mechanisms in four case studies—Fiji, Samoa, Kiribati and Vanuatu. Of significance here is the role of critical and progressive journalists and media in deconstructing the ideological and cultural bias embedded in these discourses.
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Larrègue, Julien, Philippe Mongeon, Jean-Philippe Warren, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, and Vincent Larivière. "Reciprocity in Book Reviewing among American, British and Canadian Academics." Canadian Journal of Sociology 44, no. 1 (2019): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs29549.
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Books and their reviews have been historically central to knowledge dissemination in the social sciences and humanities. Despite this perceive importance, few studies have assessed the relative importance of these document types in the dissemination of knowledge. This paper aims at better understanding the place of book reviews in the scholarly communication system and to shed light--through the analysis of books on Canada, United Kingdom and United States and their reviewers--on the international circulation of ideas in the social sciences and humanities. Based on 1,675,999 book reviews indexed in the Social Science Citation Index and Arts and Humanities Citation Index over the 1975-2016 period, our results show that book reviews are decreasing in importance in all disciplines—especially those where books have historically been peripheral. We also observe a high rate of homophily between reviewers and reviewed books, with researchers being primarily interested in the books that have been written by someone from their own country. Hence, despite the now widely held assumptions of the globalization of science, social science and humanities remains a highly localized activity.
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Wu, Bing, Shan Jiang, and Hsinchun Chen. "Effects of Individuals' Motivations on Communications in Online Health Forums." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 2 (2016): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.2.299.
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Our aim was to analyze the effects of individuals' motivations, specifically reciprocity, experience, activity, and emotion, on their communications in an online health forum. We employed an exponential random graph approach to analyze concrete models embedded in online health networks. According to the research that we conducted over a 5-year period on a dataset drawn from a global diabetes forum, reciprocal information diffusion occurred in the forum; a high level of online activity had a positive impact for gratification of the individual user. Both having more experience and expressing polarized emotions played an important role in individuals' post contributions, however these factors had little influence on reply interaction among users. We also modeled post contribution and reply interaction in the same network in respect to the relationship-building processes, which may help in gaining more understanding about the mechanisms underlying communication in online health forums.
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Kobayashi, Tetsuro, Ken'ichi Ikeda, and Kakuko Miyata. "Social capital online: Collective use of the Internet and reciprocity as lubricants of democracy." Information, Communication & Society 9, no. 5 (2006): 582–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691180600965575.
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Skågeby, Jörgen. "Gift-Giving as a Conceptual Framework: Framing Social Behavior in Online Networks." Journal of Information Technology 25, no. 2 (2010): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2010.5.
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This paper explores the use of gift-giving as a theoretical and conceptual framework for analyzing social behavior in online networks and communities. Not only has gift-giving the potential to frame and explain much social media behavior, but reversely, and perhaps more Importantly, mediated social behavior also has the potential to develop gift-giving theory. Information and communication technologies form joint sociotechnical systems where new practices emerge. The paper focuses on describing the academic background of the gifting framework to help develop a deeper, theory-based, understanding of these sociotechnical phenomena. Three themes are prevalent In the gifting literature: other- orientation, social bonding and generalized reciprocity. The paper gives examples of how these themes are enacted by end-users via the use of Information and communication technologies. Finally, sociotechnically embedded economies, called gifting technologies, are Identified and discussed.
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Chen, Simin Michelle. "Women’s March Minnesota on Facebook: Effects of social connection on different types of collective action." New Media & Society 22, no. 10 (2019): 1785–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819882694.
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Scholars have long debated the efficacy of social media in facilitating offline collective action. This research seeks to fill a gap in that literature by examining the role of social ties in determining intention to participate in different types of collective action. Survey findings show that aspects of tie strength—reciprocity, duration, and affect—have different impact on intention to participate in high- and low-cost political actions. Findings from this study have theoretical implication for the field as well as practical implication for social movement organizers seeking to mobilize supporters using social media.
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Gode, Helle Eskesen, Winni Johansen, and Christa Thomsen. "Employee engagement in generating ideas on internal social media." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 25, no. 2 (2019): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-03-2019-0024.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore employees’ perceptions of enablers and barriers to engage in multi-vocal dialogues about ideas (ideation) on internal social media (ISM) within a context of corporate communication. Design/methodology/approach This exploratory study is based on four data sets: online observations of employee ideation on ISM from 2011 to 2018, semi-structured interviews and informal conversations with two managers (2015–2016), archival material, and semi-structured interviews with 14 employees (2017–2018) in a large, knowledge-intensive Danish organization. Findings The study identified various enablers and barriers to engagement related to psychological engagement conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability. Managers’ communication role or importance of innovation, as well as tensions, e.g. obligation vs option to ideate or employee influence vs no influence, were identified as enabling or constraining employee engagement in ideation on ISM. Research limitations/implications Broadening interviews to include employees who decided not to participate in online ideation would increase insights and nuance this study’s results. Practical implications Managers need to be aware of the psychological engagement conditions and balance identified enablers, barriers and tensions by acknowledging communication reciprocity on ISM. Not only employees, but also managers, are dialogue partners in employee ideation on ISM. Originality/value The study is one of the first to explore enablers of and barriers to psychological engagement conditions in a context central to corporate communication, namely internal innovation communication on ISM, and to study ideation from a coworker perspective.
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Bowd, Kathryn. "Reflecting regional life: Localness and social capital in Australian country newspapers." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 17, no. 2 (2011): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v17i2.352.
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Australian country non-daily newspapers are generally very much local in their emphasis—they cover mostly, or entirely, local news; they promote and advocate for the interests of their region; and they foster a close relationship with their readers. They are not only a valuable source of local news and information for their readership, but also help to connect people within their circulation area and reinforce community identity. This means they are ideally positioned to contribute to social capital— the ‘connections among individuals—social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them’ (Putnam, 2000). Social capital can be seen as having three basic components: a network; a cluster of norms, values and expectations; and sanctions that help to maintain the norms and network (Halpern, 2005), and newspapers can contribute to social capital by facilitating local debate and discussion, and reflecting back to communities through the news stories they cover local norms, values, expectations and sanctions. Interrelationships between elements of ‘localness’ in journalism practice at country newspapers and social capital in regional areas of Australia were explored as part of a wider study of relationships between communities and country newspapers. Journalists, newspaper owners and managers, and community participants from four regions of South Australia and Victoria were asked about their understandings of ‘localness’ in country newspaper journalism practice. This article suggests that such newspapers’ emphasis on localness is a key element of their capacity to contribute to social capital.
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Liou, Dah-Kwei, Wen-Hai Chih, Chien-Yun Yuan, and Chien-Yao Lin. "The study of the antecedents of knowledge sharing behavior." Internet Research 26, no. 4 (2016): 845–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-10-2014-0256.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the factors from environmental level and personal level influence the knowledge sharing behavior and community participation. Design/methodology/approach – This research study, which consisted of 394 valid respondents who were members of the Yambol online test community, used online survey to collect data. This research used the structural equation modeling to analyze the data with good model fit. Findings – The results of this research showed the following: the anticipated reciprocal relationship, norm of reciprocity, and anticipated extrinsic rewards had a significant and positive effect on knowledge sharing behavior, respectively; knowledge sharing behavior had a significant and positive effect on community participation; knowledge sharing self-efficacy was the mediator between anticipated extrinsic rewards and knowledge sharing behavior; and community identification moderated the relationship between knowledge sharing behavior and community participation. Research limitations/implications – This study was a cross-sectional study. Future research can employ a longitudinal study to conduct long-term observations of knowledge sharing behavioral changes among members of the Yambol online test community. Moreover, this study applied social cognitive theory as the basis to explore the antecedents of knowledge sharing behavior of members of the Yambol online test community. Future research can apply a broad range of behavioral theory or combinations of research variables to explore comprehensive factors of knowledge sharing behavior. Practical implications – From a managerial standpoint, this study can assist professional online learning community in understanding the antecedents of knowledge sharing behavior and community participation from personal and environmental level. Social implications – Yambol online test community managers can enhance reciprocity relationship between members in the emotional level. In addition, Yambol online test community managers can use the appropriate norm of reciprocity to strengthen the trust of community members and enhance the knowledge sharing behavior of community members in the rational level. Originality/value – First, most scholars viewed knowledge sharing from perspectives of corporate, organizational, or a typical internet community, but rarely applied a perspective from a professional online learning community to conduct research. Therefore, this research focussed on professional online learning community as the research subject. Second, the literature review revealed that reciprocity divided into anticipated reciprocal relationship and norm of reciprocity. Previous studies have used anticipated reciprocal relationship or norm of reciprocity as research aspects for examining reciprocity; however, no other study has evaluated both concurrently. Third, studies on the behavioral dimension have included knowledge sharing behavior and community participation. This study examined the influence of knowledge sharing behavior on community participation. Additionally, community identification was the moderator of the effect of knowledge sharing behavior on community participation.
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Thuesen, Frederik. "Linguistic barriers and bridges: constructing social capital in ethnically diverse low-skill workplaces." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 6 (2016): 937–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016656321.
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The influence of language on social capital in low-skill and ethnically diverse workplaces has thus far received very limited attention within the sociology of work. As the ethnically diverse workplace is an important social space for the construction of social relations bridging different social groups, the sociology of work needs to develop a better understanding of the way in which linguistic diversity influences the formation of social capital (i.e. resources such as the trust and reciprocity inherent in social relations in such workplaces). Drawing on theories about intergroup contact and intercultural communication, this article analyses interviews with 31 employees from two highly ethnically diverse Danish workplaces. The article shows how linguistic barriers such as different levels of majority language competence and their consequent misunderstandings breed mistrust and hostility, while communication related to collaboration and ‘small talk’ may provide linguistic bridges to social capital formation.
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Greene, Saara. "Peer Research Assistantships and the Ethics of Reciprocity in Community-Based Research." Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 8, no. 2 (2013): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jer.2013.8.2.141.
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Xu, Yusi (Aveva). "The “Lucky Money” That Started It All—The Reinvention of the Ancient Tradition “Red Packet” in Digital Times." Social Media + Society 7, no. 3 (2021): 205630512110416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051211041643.
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In August 2020, President Trump attempted to ban WeChat, indicating the growing impact of the most widely used social medium in China. WeChat enjoys a monthly active user base of 1.2 billion, but the Internet giant’s story started with a humble function, “Red Packet.” The function of Red Packet paved the way for WeChat to intelligently integrate into the Chinese financial sphere. This study examines the cultural, economic, and relational implications of the digital reinvention of traditional red packet gifts, and monetary giving that represents good luck and well wishes in festive situations. Drawing upon Mauss’ conceptualization of gift economy within the context of contemporary China and the art of social relationships, “ guanxi,” the author closely examines Tencent’s annual report and conducts semi-structured interviews to study WeChat Red Packet (hereafter WCRP) gifting. This article concludes that (1) the obligatory feeling of guanxi management renders WCRP giving, receiving, and reciprocity compulsory practices; (2) WCRP facilitates “immediate reciprocity,” in which, instrumental guanxi may be produced and dissolved instantaneously; (3) the phenomena of social comparison and social hierarchy are mirrored in virtual groups; (4) with platformed sociality and monetizing connectivity, WCRP paved the way for alternative economic practices within Chinese authoritarian capitalism; and (5) WCRP contains characteristics of a personalized gift and materialist commodity.