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Journal articles on the topic 'Recirculation loop'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kim, Jaeheun, and Choongsik Bae. "Emission reduction through internal and low-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation configuration with negative valve overlap and late intake valve closing strategy in a compression ignition engine." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 10 (2017): 973–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417692680.

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An investigation was carried out to examine the feasibility of replacing the conventional high-pressure loop/low-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation with a combination of internal and low-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation. The main objective of this alternative exhaust gas recirculation path configuration is to extend the limits of the late intake valve closing strategy, without the concern of backpressure caused by the high-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation. The late intake valve closing strategy improved the conventional trade-off relation between nitrogen oxides and smoke em

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2

Gautier, N., J. L. Aider, T. Duriez, B. R. Noack, M. Segond, and M. Abel. "Closed-loop separation control using machine learning." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 770 (April 10, 2015): 442–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.95.

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We present the first closed-loop separation control experiment using a novel, model-free strategy based on genetic programming, which we call ‘machine learning control’. The goal is to reduce the recirculation zone of backward-facing step flow at $\mathit{Re}_{h}=1350$ manipulated by a slotted jet and optically sensed by online particle image velocimetry. The feedback control law is optimized with respect to a cost functional based on the recirculation area and a penalization of the actuation. This optimization is performed employing genetic programming. After 12 generations comprised of 500 i

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3

Alekseev, É. I., E. N. Bazarov, V. P. Gubin, V. G. Kovalenko, A. I. Sazonov, and N. I. Starostin. "Recirculation fiber loop interferometer with a Faraday reflector." Technical Physics Letters 28, no. 11 (2002): 949–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1526893.

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4

Araiza-Martínez, Enrique, Javier Ortiz-Villafuerte, and Rogelio Castillo-Durán. "A detailed BWR recirculation loop model for RELAP." Nuclear Engineering and Design 311 (January 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.11.006.

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5

Markina, L. M., N. Yr Zholobenko, and S. Yr Ushcats. "Investigation of the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of waste on the quality of liquid fuel products from them, obtained by multi-loop recirculation pyrolysis." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 106 (2021): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0526.

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Purpose: To study the properties of MSW generated in Ukraine in order to ensure their most efficient processing using the multi-loop recirculation pyrolysis technology in order produce a liquid fuel product. Design/methodology/approach: The problem' study of MSW accumulation in the world countries was carried out on the basis scientific databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Mendeley, ResearchGate, Google Scholar for the corresponding keywords. The MSW properties generated in Ukraine were determined in accordance with the current standards to determine the specific properties of materials. For the e

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6

Liu, Yu, and Shibao Wu. "Proposed Scheme for Ultra-Flat Optical Frequency Comb Generation Based on Dual-Drive Mach–Zehnder Modulators and Bidirectional Recirculating Frequency Shifting in Single Loop." Photonics 9, no. 8 (2022): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080514.

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Recirculating frequency shifting has attracted much attention for its advantages in the generation of the flexible and high-quality optical frequency comb. A new scheme of ultra-flat optical frequency comb generation system based on single-loop bidirectional recirculating frequency shift is proposed and studied in this paper. The generation system employs two pairs of dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulators and several polarization devices. Compared with the method of single-loop unidirectional recirculation frequency shift, under the same cycles, the number of comb lines generated by the proposed

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7

Braun, D., and W. Gujer. "Reactive tracers reveal hydraulic and control instabilities in full-scale activated sludge plant." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 7 (2008): 1001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.210.

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The hydraulic characteristics of aeration tanks in WWTPs have a major impact on the degradation of pollutants, as well as on the control of the aeration. In particular in long reactors, which are not separated by baffles, hydraulic shortcuts or large scale recirculation can lead to a loss of performance. This work demonstrates that reactive tracers such as ammonium and oxygen can be used to investigate the hydraulics of aeration tanks in detail. With the use of electrochemical sensors it is possible to investigate effects in a broad range of time scales. In the present case study a slow oscill

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8

van Benthum, W. A. J., R. G. J. M. van der Lans, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, and J. J. Heijnen. "Bubble recirculation regimes in an internal-loop airlift reactor." Chemical Engineering Science 54, no. 18 (1999): 3995–4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(99)00097-4.

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9

Sheintuch, Moshe, and Olga Nekhamkina. "Comparison of flow-reversal, internal-recirculation and loop reactors." Chemical Engineering Science 59, no. 19 (2004): 4065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.04.037.

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10

Kalmani, S. D., A. V. Joshi, G. Majumder, N. K. Mondal, and R. R. Shinde. "Design validation and performance of closed loop gas recirculation system." Journal of Instrumentation 11, no. 11 (2016): C11026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/11/c11026.

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11

Lapa, Rui A. S., José L. F. C. Lima, Boaventura F. Reis, and João L. M. Santos. "Continuous sample recirculation in an opened-loop multicommutated flow system." Analytica Chimica Acta 377, no. 1 (1998): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00561-3.

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12

IKEDA, Takashi, Atsuo YAMANOUCHI, and Masanori NAITOH. "BWR Recirculation Line Break Simulation Tests at Two Bundle Loop." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 22, no. 4 (1985): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1985.9735656.

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13

Pavko, A., and M. Charles. "Liquid circulation and mixing in tower fermenters with recirculation loop." Biotechnology Letters 10, no. 8 (1988): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01027125.

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14

Caspari, Stefan, Leonie S. Schwärzel, Anna M. Jungmann, et al. "A Novel Mock Circuit to Test Full-Flow Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation." Membranes 12, no. 5 (2022): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050493.

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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become an important therapeutic approach in the COVID-19 pandemic. The development and research in this field strongly relies on animal models; however, efforts are being made to find alternatives. In this work, we present a new mock circuit for ECMO that allows measurements of the oxygen transfer rate of a membrane lung at full ECMO blood flow. The mock utilizes a large reservoir of heparinized porcine blood to measure the oxygen transfer rate of the membrane lung in a single passage. The oxygen transfer rate is calculated from blood flow, hemogl

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15

Галушин, С. Я., and Д. Н. Шаманов. "Hydrogen and oxygen recirculation control system for an electric power plant based on an electrochemical generator." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII), no. 4(50) (November 23, 2020): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2020.50.4.050.

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Развитие водородной энергетики ведет к увеличению использования электрохимических генераторов (ЭХГ) в морских транспортных средствах в качестве вспомогательных и основных энергоустановок. Топливом для таких энергетических установок являются водород и кислород. Важной для таких энергетических установок является экологическая составляющая При прямом преобразовании химической энергии топлива в электрическую в топливных элементах, побочным продуктом реакции является только вода. В статье рассматривается система управления рециркуляцией рабочих газов - водорода и кислорода в электрохимическом генер

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16

Salehi, Rasoul, Anna Stefanopoulou, and Bruce Vernham. "Diesel air path control using pressure difference: Pumping loss and aging considerations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 10 (2018): 2421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018784696.

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Pressure difference across the exhaust and intake manifolds ([Formula: see text] P) is a crucial variable to control the pumping loss and cylinder charge dilution through the exhaust gas recirculation in a diesel engine. This paper presents a novel architecture for controlling [Formula: see text] P and the engine-out NO x emissions, which increases the controller tolerance to engine components aging. The architecture has an internal control loop, designed as a two-input two-output controller, to coordinate the exhaust gas recirculation and variable geometry turbine valves. Using feedback from

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17

Salzano, Ernesto, Martino Di Serio, and Elio Santacesaria. "The role of recirculation loop on the risk of ethoxylation processes." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 20, no. 3 (2007): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2007.03.016.

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18

Cheng, Li, Pavlos Dimitriou, William Wang, Jun Peng, and Abdel Aitouche. "A novel fuzzy logic variable geometry turbocharger and exhaust gas recirculation control scheme for optimizing the performance and emissions of a diesel engine." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 8 (2018): 1298–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418809261.

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Variable geometry turbocharger and exhaust gas recirculation valves are widely installed on diesel engines to allow optimized control of intake air mass flow and exhaust gas recirculation ratio. The positions of variable geometry turbocharger vanes and exhaust gas recirculation valve are predominantly regulated by dual-loop proportional–integral–derivative controllers to achieve predefined set-points of intake air pressure and exhaust gas recirculation mass flow. The set-points are determined by extensive mapping of the intake air pressure and exhaust gas recirculation mass flow against variou

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19

Vasilescu, M. V., O. Volintiru, Alexey Ivanovich Epikhin, and T. Toriya. "CLOSED-LOOP MARINE ENGINE OPERATION WITH ZERO EMISSIONS OF HARMFUL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS." Operation of Maritime Transport, no. 4 (March 9, 2023): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34046/aumsuomt105/38.

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In the modern world, the problem of environmental pollution with various toxic emissions is growing more and more. Exhaust or exhaust gases of internal combustion engines are one of those man-made factors. All countries impose restrictions on the concentration of hazardous substances, for example: Euro - for cars, Tier and Stage - for heavy equipment and MARPOL-73/78, which regulates emissions from maritime transport. The situation is extremely acute for marine vessels, since engines of impressive power that operate for a long period are difficult to adapt to stri

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20

Jatana, Gurneesh S., and Brian C. Kaul. "Characterization of temporal variations and feedback timescales of exhaust gas recirculation gas properties using high-speed diode laser absorption spectroscopy for next-cycle control of cyclic variability." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 8-9 (2018): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418805654.

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Dilute combustion offers efficiency gains in boosted gasoline direct injection engines both through knock-limit extension and thermodynamic advantages (i.e. the effect of γ on cycle efficiency), but is limited by cyclic variability at high dilution levels. Past studies have shown that the cycle-to-cycle dynamics are a combination of deterministic and stochastic effects. The deterministic causes of cyclic variations, which arise from feedback due to exhaust gas recirculation, imply the possibility of using active control strategies for dilution limit extension. While internal exhaust gas recirc

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21

Van den Heuvel, J. C., P. G. Verschuren, and S. P. P. Ottengraf. "Acceleration of mass transfer in loop reactors." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (1997): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0069.

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Gas bubbles entrapped in biocatalyst particles subjected to hydrostatic pressure oscillations, e.g. during recirculation in loop reactors, will induce intraparticle liquid flows, and thereby enhance mass transfer in excess of diffusion. This ‘breathing particle’ mechanism was demonstrated in methanogenic granules, and led to a typical activity increase of 13% compared with static pressure conditions. From these experimental results and model predictions, it is concluded that convective acceleration of mass transfer in gas-producing systems offers interesting perspectives for the optimisation o

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22

Singh, Rajveer, Deepika Chauhan, Alanna Fogarty, Md Rasheduzzaman, and Patrick L. Gurian. "Practitioners’ Perspective on the Prevalent Water Quality Management Practices for Legionella Control in Large Buildings in the United States." Water 14, no. 4 (2022): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14040663.

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Managing building water systems is complicated by the need to maintain hot water temperatures high enough to control the growth of Legionella spp. while minimizing the risk of scalding. This study assessed water quality management practices in large buildings in the United States. Surveys conducted with building water quality managers found that more than 85% of buildings have hot water temperatures that are consistent with scald risk mitigation guidelines (i.e., <122 °F/50 °C). However, nearly two thirds and three quarters of buildings do not comply with the common temperature guidance for

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23

Maldonado, Bryan P., Nan Li, Ilya Kolmanovsky, and Anna G. Stefanopoulou. "Learning reference governor for cycle-to-cycle combustion control with misfire avoidance in spark-ignition engines at high exhaust gas recirculation–diluted conditions." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 10 (2020): 1819–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087420929109.

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Cycle-to-cycle feedback control is employed to achieve optimal combustion phasing while maintaining high levels of exhaust gas recirculation by adjusting the spark advance and the exhaust gas recirculation valve position. The control development is based on a control-oriented model that captures the effects of throttle position, exhaust gas recirculation valve position, and spark timing on the combustion phasing. Under the assumption that in-cylinder pressure information is available, an adaptive extended Kalman filter approach is used to estimate the exhaust gas recirculation rate into the in

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24

Zhang, Yunfan, Guoxiang Lu, Hongming Xu, and Ziyang Li. "Tuneable model predictive control of a turbocharged diesel engine with dual loop exhaust gas recirculation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 8 (2017): 1105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017726944.

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The air path of a turbocharged diesel engine is a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system with strong nonlinearity, coupling effect, delay and actuator constraints. This makes the design and tuning of the controller complex. In this paper, a tuneable model predictive control (TMPC) controller for a diesel engine’s air path with dual loop exhaust gas recirculation (DLEGR) is presented. The objective is to regulate the intake manifold pressure and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) mass flow in each loop to meet the time-varying setpoints through coordinated control of the variable geometry turbocha

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25

NODA, Hiroshi, Tadashi NARABAYASHI, and Yuuji TAKAHASHI. "Countermeasure against Thermal Fatigue Crack of Primary Loop Recirculation Pump in BWR." Transactions of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 7, no. 4 (2008): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/taesj.j07.042.

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26

Hümmeler, A., and R. Holz. "Recirculation loop replacement at boiling water reactors / Austausch von Treibwasserschleifen in Siedewasseranlagen." Kerntechnik 52, no. 2 (1988): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-1988-520223.

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27

Yang, Min, Hongya Wang, Lulu Wang, et al. "MIMO-free OAM-MDM transmission with a ring-core fiber recirculation loop." Optical Fiber Technology 81 (December 2023): 103552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2023.103552.

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28

Kaupert, Kevin A., and Thomas Staubli. "The Unsteady Pressure Field in a High Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump Impeller—Part II: Transient Hysteresis in the Characteristic." Journal of Fluids Engineering 121, no. 3 (1999): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2823515.

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Hysteresis in a pump characteristic results from instability phenomena involving complex three dimensional flow with recirculation. The unsteady flow field on the top and bottom branches of a hysteresis loop in a high specific speed (ωs = 1.7) centrifugal pump characteristic was experimentally evaluated. A hypothesis for recirculation zones and prerotation as power dissipaters is proposed for explaining the discrepancy in the pressure and shaft power hysteresis. The experimental investigation was performed in both the rotating and stationary frame. In the rotating frame 25 miniature pressure t

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29

Yamashita, Akira, Hisashi Ohki, Koichiro Nakatani, and Terutoshi Tomoda. "OS2-7 Recirculation control logic for Diesel Low Pressure Loop EGR System(OS2 EGR combustion,Organized Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2012.8 (2012): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2012.8.110.

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30

Bolpaire, S., and J. P. Barrand. "Experimental Study of the Flow in the Suction Pipe of a Centrifugal Pump at Partial Flow Rates in Unsteady Conditions." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 3 (1999): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883705.

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The operational range and the performances of pumps are limited by the occurrence of backflow and prerotation in the suction pipe as the flow rate is reduced. This paper presents the study of static pressure measurements and visualizations in the suction pipe, near the inlet of a centrifugal pump, at partial flow rates, in steady conditions, and during a fast start-up of the pump. The tests were carried out in water on the DERAP© test loop of the ENSAM Lille laboratory. Standard methods allowed to determine the recirculation critical flow rate. A visualization method showed that the axial exte

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31

LOPEZ, J. M., Y. D. CUI, F. MARQUES, and T. T. LIM. "Quenching of vortex breakdown oscillations via harmonic modulation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 599 (March 6, 2008): 441–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211200800027x.

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Vortex breakdown is a phenomenon inherent to many practical problems, such as leading-edge vortices on aircraft, atmospheric tornadoes, and flame-holders in combustion devices. The breakdown of these vortices is associated with the stagnation of the axial velocity on the vortex axis and the development of a near-axis recirculation zone. For large enough Reynolds number, the breakdown can be time-dependent. The unsteadiness can have serious consequences in some applications, such as tail-buffeting in aircraft flying at high angles of attack. There has been much interest in controlling the vorte

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32

Dzianik, František, and Štefan Gužela. "Basic Technological Parameters of the Activation Process for Two Bioreactor Configurations." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 73, no. 1 (2023): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2023-0004.

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Abstract Technological parameters of the activation process in wastewater treatment plant activation systems are analyzed for basic bioreactor configurations, for the chemostat and for the plug flow, both with the recirculation of concentrated activated sludge. The first type of bioreactors represents conventional aerated tanks, but also loop bioreactors. The second type of bioreactors includes, for example, oxidation ditches. The paper presents an evaluation of the basic technological parameters of the activation process for the two mentioned configurations of bioreactor systems with recircul

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33

Baruh Susskind, Suzanne, Claudio Floridia, Fabio Simoes, Maria Aparecida Martinez, and Monica de Lacerda Rocha. "Experimental and Theoretical Study of Polarization Dependent Loss in a Optical Recirculation Loop." IEEE Latin America Transactions 9, no. 1 (2011): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2011.5876416.

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34

Bougaenko, S. E., E. Yu Rivkin, and B. S. Rodchenkov. "Strength Aspects of Safety and Life Extension of RBMK Reactors." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 113, no. 2 (1991): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928738.

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RBMK channel power reactors belong to the one-loop boiling water reactors with graphite as a moderator. Equipment, pipelines and core elements are the main components of the coolant recirculation circuit. Analysis in terms of fracture mechanics shows that the circuit elements conform to the “leak-before-break” criterion, with the pipelines and equipment keeping their availability during the whole design operation period. The core is a critical component for the circuit availability.

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35

Johansson, Andreas, Filip Johnsson, and Bengt-Åke Andersson. "The Performance of a Loop Seal in a CFB Boiler." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 128, no. 2 (2006): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2199567.

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High in-bed heat transfer and low corrosive environment imply that the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler is an advantageous location for superheaters. In order to increase the knowledge on the flow pattern and the heat transfer distribution to the tubes within a loop seal, measurements were performed in the loop seal of a 30MW CFB boiler as well as in a 1∕3 scaled-down seal operated according to simplified scaling laws. The scale model measurements show that the solids recirculation flux can be maintained with a substantial decrease of the fluidization flow in the seal comp

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36

Cerrillo, Miriam, Laura Burgos, and August Bonmatí. "Biogas Upgrading and Ammonia Recovery from Livestock Manure Digestates in a Combined Electromethanogenic Biocathode—Hydrophobic Membrane System." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020503.

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Anaerobic digestion process can be improved in combination with bioelectrochemical systems in order to recover energy and resources from digestates. An electromethanogenic microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) coupled to an ammonia recovery system based on hydrophobic membranes (ARS-HM) has been developed in order to recover ammonia, reduce organic matter content and upgrade biogas from digested pig slurry. A lab-scale dual-chamber MEC was equipped with a cation exchange membrane (CEM) and ARS with a hydrophobic membrane in the catholyte recirculation loop, to promote ammonia migration and absorpt

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37

Kravetskyi, Yurii, and Oleksii Chernov. "Improving the dynamic positioning accuracy of the electro-hydraulic drive." Mechanics and Advanced Technologies 8, no. 3(102) (2024): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2024.8.3(102).310508.

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Research is focused on improving the dynamic accuracy of control surface positioning during the switching of hydraulic actuator modes and studying the processes and phenomena that cause control surface overshoot. Existing studies on the dynamic accuracy of hydraulic actuators have been analyzed. Transitional processes occurring in the " electromagnetic recirculation valve – electronic control unit" loop during changes in hydraulic actuator operating modes have been examined. The features of processes and physical phenomena leading to increased activation time of the hydraulic actuator have bee

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38

Yang, Xiaoling, Zhefeng Wang, Ze Zhang, Shuangtao Chen, Yu Hou, and Liang Chen. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Air-Cycle Refrigeration Systems with Expansion Work Recovery for Compartment Air Conditioning." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 5287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105287.

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As a requirement for sustainable development, air-cycle refrigeration has received wide attention as a candidate for environmentally friendly air conditioning technology. In this study, the thermodynamic performance of air refrigeration cycles is investigated in compartment air conditioning. The effects of compressor efficiency, expander efficiency, ambient humidity, all-fresh-air supply and ambient pressure on the cycle performance are presented. The effects of compressor arrangement in the high-pressure cycle and the low-pressure cycle are compared. An open-loop high-pressure cycle has a lar

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39

NYERGES, Ádám, and Máté ZÖLDY. "Model development and experimental validation of an exhaust brake supported dual loop exhaust gas recirculation on a medium duty Diesel engine." Mechanics 26, no. 6 (2020): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.26.6.25017.

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Due to the new European emission norms internal combustion engines have to comply stricter rules. The new norms contain new requirements that were not included in previous regulations for example the decreased temperature of the cold start or the real driving emission part. The emission cycles for passenger vehicles are completely news, the stricter emission norms for commercial vehicles will follow them within a few years. Despite the increasing spread of alternative transmission systems in road transport Diesel engines are going to be remain in commercial vehicles in the next decades due to

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40

Debski, Pawel, Karolina Sklodowska, Jacek Michalski, Piotr Korczyk, Miroslaw Dolata, and Slawomir Jakiela. "Continuous Recirculation of Microdroplets in a Closed Loop Tailored for Screening of Bacteria Cultures." Micromachines 9, no. 9 (2018): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9090469.

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Emerging microfluidic technology has introduced new precision controls over reaction conditions. Owing to the small amount of reagents, microfluidics significantly lowers the cost of carrying a single reaction. Moreover, in two-phase systems, each part of a dispersed fluid can be treated as an independent chemical reactor with a volume from femtoliters to microliters, increasing the throughput. In this work, we propose a microfluidic device that provides continuous recirculation of droplets in a closed loop, maintaining low consumption of oil phase, no cross-contamination, stabilized temperatu

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41

Wei, Shengli, Zhilei Song, Chongrong Wu, and Xiaonan Qu. "Study of dual closed-loop control strategy of exhaust gas recirculation for diesel engines." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 41, no. 11 (2018): 1380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1548516.

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42

Hardin, J. A., C. L. Jones, E. L. Bonjour, et al. "Ozone fumigation of stored grain; closed-loop recirculation and the rate of ozone consumption." Journal of Stored Products Research 46, no. 3 (2010): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2010.03.002.

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43

Chen, S., and F. Yan. "Control of a dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation system for a turbocharged Diesel engine." International Journal of Automotive Technology 16, no. 5 (2015): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-015-0074-6.

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Zhang, Junwen, Jianjun Yu, Nan Chi, et al. "Multichannel optical frequency-locked multicarrier source generation based on multichannel recirculation frequency shifter loop." Optics Letters 37, no. 22 (2012): 4714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.004714.

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Gautier, Nicolas, and Jean-Luc Aider. "Upstream open loop control of the recirculation area downstream of a backward-facing step." Comptes Rendus Mécanique 342, no. 6-7 (2014): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2014.05.004.

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Rocha-Rios, José, Guillermo Quijano, Frédéric Thalasso, Sergio Revah, and Raul Muñoz. "Methane biodegradation in a two-phase partition internal loop airlift reactor with gas recirculation." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 86, no. 3 (2010): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2523.

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Cho, Sung-Ho, Sung Hwan Hong, Jeong Whan Han, and Byung Don You. "Effect of Slag Layer on Flow Patterns in a Gas Stirred Ladle." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.490.

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Flow patterns and mixing behaviors in a gas stirred steelmaking ladle with a slag layer were discussed using a water model experiment as well as a numerical simulation. While the water model experiment was performed to investigate the effect of slag on the mixing behavior in ladle, the numerical simulation was carried out to figure out the flow pattern in ladle with a slag layer. Slag viscosity and its thickness in ladle were considered as major variables. It was found that a slag layer made a great change in the flow pattern in ladle, which, in turn, affected on the mixing behavior in ladle.

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Li, Ruicheng, Feng-Fei Jin, and Baoqiang Yan. "Boundary Output Feedback Stabilization for a Cascaded-Wave PDE-ODE System with Velocity Recirculation." Complexity 2021 (June 4, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9977714.

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This paper considers the output feedback stabilization for a cascaded-wave PDE-ODE system with velocity recirculation by boundary control. First, we choose a well-known exponentially stable system as its target system and find a backstepping transformation to design a state feedback controller for the original system. Second, we attempt to give an output feedback controller for the original system by introducing the observer. The resulting closed-loop system admits a unique solution which is proved to be exponentially stable. Finally, we give some numerical examples to prove the validity for t

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Castel, C., D. Mazens, E. Favre, and M. Léonard. "Determination of diffusion coefficient from transitory uptake or release kinetics: Incidence of a recirculation loop." Chemical Engineering Science 63, no. 13 (2008): 3564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2008.03.016.

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Bao, Cheng, Kexun Zhang, Minggao Ouyang, Baolian Yi, and Pingwen Ming. "Dynamic Test and Real-time Control Platform of Anode Recirculation for PEM Fuel Cell Systems." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (2006): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2217956.

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Anode recirculation is essential to the pure-hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. Keeping the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode is also important to the membrane health. In this paper, a dynamic platform was designed for the recirculation test of injection pump and real-time control of the anode pressure tracking. The test bench can work in a wide range of conditions for high- and low-pressure application. Based on the MATLAB/xPC Target environment, some S functions were written to drive the PC board for the hardware-in-loop application. Then an analytical fu

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