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Journal articles on the topic 'Recirculation of flue-gas'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Vilardi, Giorgio, and Nicola Verdone. "Exergy Analysis of Waste Incineration Plant: Flue Gas Recirculation and Process Optimization." Proceedings 58, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wef-06923.

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Simulations of two incineration processes, with and without flue gas recirculation, have been carried out performing an exergy analysis to investigate the most critical equipment unit in terms of second-law efficiency. Flue gas from the economizer outlet is employed to partially replace secondary combustion air to reduce, at the same time, incinerator temperature and oxygen concentration. Conversely, in the proposed configuration, the recirculated flue gas flow rate is used to control incinerator temperature, while the air flow rate is used to control the oxygen content of the fumes, leaving the incinerator as close to 6% as possible—i.e., the minimum allowed for existing plants to ensure completion of the combustion reactions and according to environmental regulations—and determines the corresponding minimum flue gas flow rate. The flue gas recirculation guarantees a larger level of energy recovery (up to +3%) and, at the same time, lower investment costs for the lower flow rate of fumes actually emitted if compared to the plant configuration without flue gas recirculation. Various operating parameters were varied (incinerator’s effluent gas temperature, air flowrate and flue gas recirculation flowrate) to investigate their influence on process exergy efficiency. Exergy analysis allowed the individuation of the equipment units characterized by larger exergy destruction and demonstrated that the flue gas recirculation led to an overall process exergy efficiency increase of about 3%.

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2

Frolov, Yu A., Aggarwal Nokesh, and L. I. Polotskii. "Study of Flue-Gas Recirculation Sintering." Metallurgist 61, no. 7-8 (November 2017): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-017-0544-3.

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3

Chmielniak, Tadeusz, Paweł Mońka, and Paweł Pilarz. "Investigation of a combined gas-steam system with flue gas recirculation." Chemical and Process Engineering 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0025.

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Abstract This article presents changes in the operating parameters of a combined gas-steam cycle with a CO2 capture installation and flue gas recirculation. Parametric equations are solved in a purpose-built mathematical model of the system using the Ebsilon Professional code. Recirculated flue gases from the heat recovery boiler outlet, after being cooled and dried, are fed together with primary air into the mixer and then into the gas turbine compressor. This leads to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gases fed into the CO2 capture installation from 7.12 to 15.7%. As a consequence, there is a reduction in the demand for heat in the form of steam extracted from the turbine for the amine solution regeneration in the CO2 capture reactor. In addition, the flue gas recirculation involves a rise in the flue gas temperature (by 18 K) at the heat recovery boiler inlet and makes it possible to produce more steam. These changes contribute to an increase in net electricity generation efficiency by 1%. The proposed model and the obtained results of numerical simulations are useful in the analysis of combined gas-steam cycles integrated with carbon dioxide separation from flue gases.

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4

Han, Juntao, Guofeng Lou, Sizong Zhang, Zhi Wen, Xunliang Liu, and Jiada Liu. "The Effects of Coke Parameters and Circulating Flue Gas Characteristics on NOx Emission during Flue Gas Recirculation Sintering Process." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 3828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203828.

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The new process of flue gas recirculation, which reduces coke consumption and reducing NOx emissions, is now extensively used. Compared with traditional sintering, the characteristics of circulating flue gas and coke parameters significantly affect the combustion atmosphere and coke combustion efficiency. Based on the actual complex process of sintering machine, this study proposes a relatively comprehensive one-dimensional, unsteady mathematical model for flue gas recirculation research. The model encompasses NOx pollutant generation and reduction, as well as SO2 generation and adsorption. We focus on the effects of cyclic flue gas characteristics on the sintering-bed temperature and NOx emissions, which are rarely studied, and provide a theoretical basis for NOx emission reduction. Simulation results show that during sintering, the fuel NOx is reduced by 50% and 10% when passing through the surface of coke particles and CO, respectively. During flue gas recirculation sintering, the increase in circulating gas O2 content, temperature, and supply-gas volume cause increased combustion efficiency of coke, reducing atmosphere, and NOx content in the circulating area; the temperature of the material layer also increases significantly and the sintering endpoint advances. During cyclic sintering, the small coke size and increased coke content increase the char-N release rate while promoting sufficient contact of NOx with the coke surface. Consequently, the NOx reduction rate increases. Compared with the conventional sintering, the designed flue gas recirculation condition saves 3.75% of coke consumption, i.e., for 1.2 kg of solid fuel per ton of sinter, the amount of flue gas treatment is reduced by 21.64% and NOx emissions is reduced by 23.59%. Moreover, without changing the existing sintering equipment, sintering capacity increases by about 5.56%.

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5

Terada, Shinya, Ryosuke Matsumoto, Isao Ishihara, and Mamoru Ozawa. "D211 DME combustion with flue gas recirculation." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2006 (2006): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2006.319.

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6

Stenin, Valery Alexandrovich, and Irina Valer’yevna Ershova. "Improvement of power efficiency and environmental safety of ship boilers." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2020, no. 3 (August 19, 2020): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2020-3-40-46.

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The article focuses on the methods of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions that are important to consider and apply in operation of ship boilers and thermal power plants, along with other activities aimed to protect the environment. Nitrogen oxide emissions can be restrained by using the technological (primary, in-process) operations. Flue gas recirculation is the most popular method of restraining nitrogen oxide emissions in oil-gas boilers, reducing the temperature and nitrogen oxide concentration in flue gases. Besides affecting the environment, the combustion products recirculation greatly lowers the technical and economic performance of the boiler by decreasing its performance that is why using the method remains limited. There has been described the scheme of flue gas recirculation in the ship auxiliary boilers that ensures reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions and increase in efficiency of boiler furnace. It has been proposed to combine steam and carbon dioxide fuel conversion with power combustion and thermochemical heat regeneration. Thermodynamic feasibility of combustion product recirculation in ship auxiliary boiler has been given. Using the power and stoichiometric analyses of reference liquid fuel combustion, the possibility of fuel conversion has been illustrated for the case when both fuel and recirculation gases are supplied into reburning zone of the furnace. The calculations determine air oxygen ratio for reburning and oxidative zones, flue gas recirculation factor and furnace efficiency change at thermochemical heat regeneration. The study results are proposed to use in non-stoichiometric and staged fuel combustion.

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7

Barry, Louis T., Richard Gramlich, and Joseph Megale. "FLUE GAS RECIRCULATION IN MULTIPLE HEARTH BIOSOLIDS INCINERATORS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, no. 3 (January 1, 2002): 532–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702785302203.

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8

Fan, X., Z. Yu, M. Gan, X. Chen, and Y. Huang. "Flue gas recirculation in iron ore sintering process." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 43, no. 6 (June 7, 2016): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743281215y.0000000029.

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9

Alexanda Petrovic, Ben, and Salman Masoudi Soltani. "Optimization of Post Combustion CO2 Capture from a Combined-Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant via Taguchi Design of Experiment." Processes 7, no. 6 (June 12, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7060364.

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The potential of carbon capture and storage to provide a low carbon fossil-fueled power generation sector that complements the continuously growing renewable sector is becoming ever more apparent. An optimization of a post combustion capture unit employing the solvent monoethanolamine (MEA) was carried out using a Taguchi design of experiment to mitigate the parasitic energy demands of the system. An equilibrium-based approach was employed in Aspen Plus to simulate 90% capture of the CO2 emitted from a 600 MW natural gas combined-cycle gas turbine power plant. The effects of varying the inlet flue gas temperature, absorber column operating pressure, amount of exhaust gas recycle, and amine concentration were evaluated using signal to noise ratios and analysis of variance. The optimum levels that minimized the specific energy requirements were a: flue gas temperature = 50 °C; absorber pressure = 1 bar; exhaust gas recirculation = 20% and; amine concentration = 35 wt%, with a relative importance of: amine concentration > absorber column pressure > exhaust gas recirculation > flue gas temperature. This configuration gave a total capture unit energy requirement of 5.05 GJ/tonneCO2, with an energy requirement in the reboiler of 3.94 GJ/tonneCO2. All the studied factors except the flue gas temperature, demonstrated a statistically significant association to the response.

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10

Gao, Jian Qiang, Ning Wang, Yu Lan Wang, and Liang Jie Shen. "Pulverizing System Simulation Model of a 300MW Oxy-Fuel Coal Fired Boiler." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.670.

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This paper focused on researching the pulverizing system of a 300MW oxy-fuel coal fired boiler, which took dehydrated recirculation flue gas as the drying medium. According to the working principle, the paper established the simulation model, and completed dynamic simulation tests basing on the IMMS platform. The dynamic simulation tests included the disturbances of the pressure of the flue gas inlet and the opening degree of the main flue gas valve. The results demonstrate that the model is precise, stable and it possesses good dynamic characteristic.

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11

Abdelaal, Mohsen, Medhat El-Riedy, Fathy El-Wahsh, and Ahmed El-Nahas. "CHARACTERISTICS OF OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION USING FLUE GAS RECIRCULATION." Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector 11, no. 41 (October 1, 2016): 1265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/auej.2016.19346.

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12

Liuzzo, Giuseppe, Nicola Verdone, and Marco Bravi. "The benefits of flue gas recirculation in waste incineration." Waste Management 27, no. 1 (January 2007): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.01.002.

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13

Skopec, Pavel, and Jan Hrdlička. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE OXYFUEL COMBUSTION CONDITIONS IN A BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED." Acta Polytechnica 56, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2016.56.0312.

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Oxyfuel combustion is a promising approach for capturing CO<sub>2</sub> from power plants. This technology produces a flue gas with a high concentration of CO<sub>2</sub>. Our paper presents a verification of the oxyfuel combustion conditions in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor. It presents a theoretical analysis of oxyfuel combustion and makes a comparison with combustion using air. It is important to establish a proper methodology for stoichiometric calculations and for computing the basic characteristic fluidization properties. The methodology presented here has been developed for general purposes, and can be applied to calculations for combustion with air and with oxygen-enriched air, and also for full oxyfuel conditions. With this methodology, we can include any water vapour condensation during recirculation of the flue gas when dry flue gas recirculation is used. The paper contains calculations for a lignite coal, which is taken as a reference fuel for future research and for the experiments.

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14

Janic, Todor, Sasa Igic, Nebojsa Dedovic, Darijan Pavlovic, Jan Turan, and Aleksandar Sedlar. "Thermal power of small scale manually fed boiler." Thermal Science 19, no. 1 (2015): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130104046j.

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This study reviews test results of the combustion of square soybean straw bales used as fuel in manually fed boiler with nominal thermal power of 120 kWth. The influence of the mass flow rate (180, 265, 350, 435, and 520 kg h-1) of inlet air and flue gas recirculation (0%, 16.5%, and 33%) fed to the boiler furnace was continuously monitored. Direct method was used for determination of the boiler thermal power. Correlation between boiler thermal power and bale residence time has been observed and simple empirical equation has been derived. General conclusions are as follows: the increase of the flow rate of inlet air passing through the boiler furnace results in decrease of the bale residence time and increase of the boiler thermal power. Share of the flue gas recirculation of 16.5% increases bale residence time and decreases average boiler thermal power in all regimes except in the regime with inlet air flow rate of 265 kg h-1. In regime with 0% flue gas recirculation boiler thermal power was higher than nominal in regimes with 435 and 520 kg h-1 inlet air flow rates. In regimes having inlet air mass flow rate of 350 kg h-1 boiler thermal power is equal to the nominal power of 120 kWth.

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15

Baltasar, João, Maria G. Carvalho, Pedro Coelho, and Mário Costa. "Flue gas recirculation in a gas-fired laboratory furnace: Measurements and modelling." Fuel 76, no. 10 (August 1997): 919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(97)00093-8.

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16

Wang, Guanghua, Guocheng Wang, Qingdong Wang, and Zihao Yan. "Optimization and control of NOx in coke oven vertical flue under flue gas recirculation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 729 (February 10, 2020): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/729/1/012078.

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17

Chen, Xu-ling, Yun-song Huang, Min Gan, Xiao-hui Fan, Zhi-yuan Yu, and Li-shun Yuan. "Effect of H2O(g) Content in Circulating Flue Gas on Iron Ore Sintering with Flue Gas Recirculation." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 22, no. 12 (December 2015): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(15)30119-9.

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18

Jančauskas, Adolfas, and Kęstutis Buinevičius. "Combination of Primary Measures on Flue Gas Emissions in Grate-Firing Biofuel Boiler." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040793.

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Increasingly stringent limits for NOx and SO2 emission are forcing the investigation of new reduction methods. This study was conducted to determine the combination of primary measures, i.e., flue gas recirculation (FGR) and excess air effects on sulfur, nitrogen and hydrocarbon emissions, in boiler flue gas. Experimental research was performed using an experimental, small-scale (20 kW) model of an industrial biofuel boiler. During combustion of sunflower seed hulls at different FGR ratios and incomplete combustion regimes, the composition of flue gas (NO, NO2, N2O, HCN, NH3, SO2, SO3, H2S, CO, and CxHy) was compared, allowing an explanation of the determinants of emission concentration changes to be provided. Increasing the flue gas recirculation ratio in the primary air had a positive effect on reducing NOX and CO with certain organic compounds. However, an opposite effect on SO2 was observed. NOX and SO2 concentrations were found to be approximately 500 mg/m3 and 150 mg/m3 under a regular combustion regime. When the FGR ratio of 50% NOX concentration decreased by 110 mg/m3, the SO2 concentration increased by 60 mg/m3. The incomplete combustion regime reduced NOX concentration by 70 mg/m3, whereas SO2 concentration increased by 100 mg/m3. The influence of primary measures presented an unclear relationship to hydrocarbon emissions, with concentrations not exceeding 18 mg/m3.

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19

Abdelaal, Mohsen, Medhat El-Riedy, and Ahmed El-Nahas. "EFFECT OF FLUE GAS RECIRCULATION ON BURNER PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS." Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector 11, no. 41 (October 1, 2016): 1275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/auej.2016.19347.

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20

Kim, Hyeon-Jun, Won-Young Choi, Soo-Ho Bae, and Hyun-Dong Shin. "Oxy-Fuel and Flue Gas Recirculation Combustion Technology: A Review." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 32, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 729–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2008.32.10.729.

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21

Pérez-Orozco, Raquel, David Patiño, Jacobo Porteiro, and Ana Larrañaga. "Flue Gas Recirculation during Biomass Combustion: Implications on PM Release." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 9 (August 11, 2020): 11112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02086.

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22

Ishimi, Tadayuki, Hisao Yamaguchi, Mitsuhiko Kamada, and Eiji Matsukawa. "Development of Low Excess Air Combustion with Flue Gas Recirculation." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2003.13 (2003): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2003.13.158.

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23

YOSHIIE, Ryo, Takuya KAWAMOTO, Yasuaki UEKI, and Ichiro NARUSE. "658 NO_x formations in coal combustion with flue gas recirculation." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2011.60 (2011): _658–1_—_658–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2011.60._658-1_.

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24

Błaszczuk, Artur. "Effect of flue gas recirculation on heat transfer in a supercritical circulating fluidized bed combustor." Archives of Thermodynamics 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoter-2015-0022.

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Abstract This paper focuses on assessment of the effect of flue gas recirculation (FGR) on heat transfer behavior in 1296t/h supercritical coal-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor. The performance test in supercritical CFB combustor with capacity 966 MWth was performed with the low level of flue gas recirculation rate 6.9% into furnace chamber, for 80% unit load at the bed pressure of 7.7 kPa and the ratio of secondary air to the primary air SA/PA = 0.33. Heat transfer behavior in a supercritical CFB furnace between the active heat transfer surfaces (membrane wall and superheater) and bed material has been analyzed for Geldart B particle with Sauter mean diameters of 0.219 and 0.246 mm. Bed material used in the heat transfer experiments had particle density of 2700 kg/m3. A mechanistic heat transfer model based on cluster renewal approach was used in this work. A heat transfer analysis of CFB combustion system with detailed consideration of bed-to-wall heat transfer coefficient distributions along furnace height is investigated. Heat transfer data for FGR test were compared with the data obtained for representative conditions without recycled flue gases back to the furnace through star-up burners.

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25

Volchyn, I. A., O. M. Kolomiets, and V. A. Raschepkin. "AN ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION TO ESP RECONSTRUCTION FOR THE COAL FIRING THERMAL POWER PLANTS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2017.06.

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The mathematical modeling is performed of the efficiency of flue gas cleaning from fly ash particles of coal-fired thermal power plants, upon installation of a preliminary flue gas cleaning system that consists of a louvered dust concentrator and a battery cyclone, with the recirculation of flue gas from the battery cyclone outlet to the electrostatic precipitator pre-chamber. Based on the available experimental data for the fractional composition of fly ash downstream the boilers of coal-fired TPPs, the size distribution functions were calculated, of fly ash particles at each stage of the preliminary dust-cleaning process, as well as concentrations and modified particle size distributions, to be further used as the input data for designing options and scope of the reconstruction of existing electrostatic precipitators. Bibl. 13, Fig. 3.

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26

Ahn, H., S. Choi, and B. Cho. "Process simulation of iron ore sintering bed with flue gas recirculation." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 40, no. 2 (February 2013): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743281212y.0000000071.

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27

Ahn, H., S. Choi, and B. Cho. "Process simulation of iron ore sintering bed with flue gas recirculation." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 40, no. 2 (February 2013): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743281212y.0000000072.

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28

Feron, Paul, and Marycarmen Alemán Gómez. "Selective flue gas recirculation using membranes in coal-fired power plants." Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 7, no. 4 (April 26, 2017): 756–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ghg.1686.

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29

MATSUMOTO, Ryosuke, Mamoru OZAWA, Shinya TERADA, and Takenori IIO. "Low NOx Combustion of DME by Means of Flue Gas Recirculation." Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2, no. 3 (2008): 1074–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jpes.2.1074.

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30

Roiha, Ismo, Juha Kaikko, Keijo Jaanu, and Esa Vakkilainen. "Analysis of high flue gas recirculation for small energy conversion systems." Applied Thermal Engineering 63, no. 1 (February 2014): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.10.062.

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31

Allesina, G., M. Puglia, N. Morselli, S. Pedrazzi, M. Parenti, F. Ottani, and P. Tartarini. "Numerical and experimental evaluation of flue gas recirculation for syngas combustion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1868, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1868/1/012020.

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32

Zhang, Zhiyu, Rongrong Zhai, Xinwei Wang, and Yongping Yang. "Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of Operating Parameters of an Oxyfuel Combustion Power Generation System Based on Single-Factor and Orthogonal Design Methods." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 23, 2020): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040998.

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The main purpose of this paper is to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity of operating parameters of the system to the thermodynamic performance of an oxyfuel combustion (OC) power generation system. Therefore, the thermodynamic model of a 600 MW subcritical OC power generation system with semi-dry flue gas recirculation was established. Two energy consumption indexes of the system were selected, process simulation was adopted, and orthogonal design, range analysis, and variance analysis were used for the first time on the basis of single-factor analysis to conduct a comprehensive sensitivity analysis and optimization research on the changes of four operating parameters. The results show that with increasing oxygen purity, the net standard coal consumption rate first decreases and then increases. With decreasing oxygen concentration, the recirculation rate of dry flue gas in boiler flue gas ( χ 1 ) and an increasing excess oxygen coefficient, the net standard coal consumption rate increases. The net electrical efficiency was just the opposite. The sensitivity order of two factors for four indexes is obtained: the excess oxygen coefficient was the main factor that affects the net standard coal consumption rate and the net electrical efficiency. The influence of oxygen concentration and oxygen purity was lower than that of excess oxygen coefficient, and χ 1 has almost no effect.

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33

Benim, Ali Cemal, Sohail Iqbal, Franz Joos, and Alexander Wiedermann. "Numerical Analysis of Turbulent Combustion in a Model Swirl Gas Turbine Combustor." Journal of Combustion 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2572035.

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Turbulent reacting flows in a generic swirl gas turbine combustor are investigated numerically. Turbulence is modelled by a URANS formulation in combination with the SST turbulence model, as the basic modelling approach. For comparison, URANS is applied also in combination with the RSM turbulence model to one of the investigated cases. For this case, LES is also used for turbulence modelling. For modelling turbulence-chemistry interaction, a laminar flamelet model is used, which is based on the mixture fraction and the reaction progress variable. This model is implemented in the open source CFD code OpenFOAM, which has been used as the basis for the present investigation. For validation purposes, predictions are compared with the measurements for a natural gas flame with external flue gas recirculation. A good agreement with the experimental data is observed. Subsequently, the numerical study is extended to syngas, for comparing its combustion behavior with that of natural gas. Here, the analysis is carried out for cases without external flue gas recirculation. The computational model is observed to provide a fair prediction of the experimental data and predict the increased flashback propensity of syngas.

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34

Ivanov, Ivan, Serhii Polishchuk, Iryna Holiakova, and Yevhen Kushnir. "Research into limits of gas-fired burners flame stabilization in the flue gas recirculation." Mining of Mineral Deposits 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining14.01.019.

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35

Yang, Dong, and Qing Wen Chen. "The Discharge Status and Technical Analysis of NO_X of Thermal Power Plant Boiler." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.131.

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NOXis one of the pollutants which will be key governanced by Government in Twelfth Five, and thermal power plant boiler is the main source of NOXin the atmospheric. Overview of the discharge status of NOXand the state-controlled status of the power plant NOXdischarge regulations with the latest standards, analysis of the current two thermal power plant NOXcontrol technology: low-NOx combustion technology and flue gas denitrification technology. Low NOx combustion technology introduces low excess air combustion technology, air staged combustion technology, flue gas recirculation technology, flue gas denitrification technology introduced four methods which is selective catalytic reduction, selective non-catalytic reduction, hybrid SNCR-SCR catalyst reduction combined metgod and wet NOXabsorption system, principle of denitration and their advantages and disadvantages of different methods are discussed. Finally a brief introduction of the difficulties of governance NOXand some necessary issues when select zhe control methods.

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36

Li, Chaoqun, Qingzhen Han, Tingyu Zhu, and Wenqing Xu. "Radical-dominated reaction of CO–NO on a CaFe2O4 surface in sintering flue gas recirculation." RSC Advances 10, no. 39 (2020): 23491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra00064g.

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37

Yu, Zhi-yuan, Xiao-hui Fan, Min Gan, Xu-ling Chen, Qiang Chen, and Yun-song Huang. "Reaction behavior of SO2 in the sintering process with flue gas recirculation." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 66, no. 7 (April 4, 2016): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2016.1167790.

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38

Tsiliyannis, Christos Aristeides. "Flue Gas Recirculation and Enhanced Performance of Waste Incinerators under Waste Uncertainty." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 14 (July 5, 2013): 8051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4007788.

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39

Fan, Xiaohui, Zhiyuan Yu, Min Gan, Xuling Chen, Qiang Chen, Shu Liu, and Yunsong Huang. "Elimination Behaviors of NOx in the Sintering Process with Flue Gas Recirculation." ISIJ International 55, no. 10 (2015): 2074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2015-180.

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40

Fan, Xiaohui, Zhiyuan Yu, Min Gan, Xuling Chen, Tao Jiang, and Hongli Wen. "Appropriate Technology Parameters of Iron Ore Sintering Process with Flue Gas Recirculation." ISIJ International 54, no. 11 (2014): 2541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.2541.

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41

Abdelaal, Mohsen, Medhat El-Riedy, Ahmed M. El-Nahas, and Fathy R. El-Wahsh. "Characteristics and flame appearance of oxy-fuel combustion using flue gas recirculation." Fuel 297 (August 2021): 120775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120775.

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42

Yue, Meng, Guoqian Ma, and Yuetao Shi. "Analysis of Gas Recirculation Influencing Factors of a Double Reheat 1000 MW Unit with the Reheat Steam Temperature under Control." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 4253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164253.

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In this paper, the simulation software EBSILON is used to simulate the reheat units, and the reheat temperature control mode is deeply explored. In the benchmark system, the influence of different load intermediate point temperature on the flue gas recirculation (FGR) is analyzed. Then, the effects of load, coal quality, excess air factor, and feed water temperature on FGR are studied under the premise of intermediate point temperature as design value, and the cause for FGR change is analyzed by comparing the cutoff bypass flue (CBF) system. The results show that under any load, the FGR decreases with the increase of the intermediate point temperature, while under low load, the change of the intermediate point temperature has a greater impact on the FGR rate. When the intermediate point temperature remains constant, the FGR plunge has an increase of load at low load and is almost unchanged at high load; the FGR rate of coal with low calorific value and high moisture content is low and the coal with low volatile and high ash content has great influence on reheat steam temperature; and the excess air factor and feed water temperature are inversely proportional to the flue gas recirculation rate. In the CBF system, the change trend is similar to the reference system, but under the same working condition, the FGR rate is higher than the latter.

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Gamrat, Stanislaw, Jakub Poraj, Jakub Bodys, Jacek Smolka, and Wojciech Adamczyk. "Influence of external flue gas recirculation on gas combustion in a coke oven heating system." Fuel Processing Technology 152 (November 2016): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.07.010.

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Chiesa, Paolo, and Stefano Consonni. "Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycles With Low CO2 Emissions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 3 (May 15, 2000): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1287496.

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This paper assesses performances and economic viability of CO2 removal by chemical absorption from the flue gases of natural gas-fired Combined Cycles, more specifically for two configurations: one where CO2 is removed ahead of the stack without modifying the power cycle; the other where part of the flue gases is recirculated to the gas turbine, thereby reducing the flow to be treated by chemical absorption. In both cases sequestered CO2 is made available at conditions suitable to storage into deep oceanic waters. Performances and cost of electricity are evaluated for systems based on large, heavy-duty turbines representative of state-of-the-art “FA” technology. Carbon sequestration reduces net plant efficiency and power output by about 10 percent and increases the cost of electricity from 36 to about 50 mills/kWh. Flue gas recirculation warrants slightly higher efficiencies and lower costs. CO2 removal is eventually compared with other strategies for the reduction of CO2 emissions, like switching existing coal-fired steam plants to natural gas or replacing existing steam plants with conventional CCs. At current fuel prices the latter appears the option of choice, with a cost of about $25 per tonn of avoided CO2 emission. [S0742-4795(00)02803-9]

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Kim, Ho Keun, Yongmo Kim, Sang Min Lee, and Kook Young Ahn. "NO reduction in 0.03–0.2MW oxy-fuel combustor using flue gas recirculation technology." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31, no. 2 (January 2007): 3377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.083.

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Fan, X., Z. Yu, M. Gan, X. Chen, and Y. Huang. "Mineralisation behaviour of iron ore fines in sintering bed with flue gas recirculation." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 43, no. 9 (March 18, 2016): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2016.1146475.

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Suvarnakuta, P., S. Patumsawad, and S. Kerdsuwan. "Experimental Study on Preheated Air and Flue Gas Recirculation in Solid Waste Incineration." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 32, no. 14 (January 2010): 1362–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030903077519.

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JIANG, QING, CHAO ZHANG, and JIN JIANG. "AN INDUSTRIAL REHEATING FURNACE WITH FLUE GAS RECIRCULATION MODELED BY LINEAR TRANSFER FUNCTIONS." Combustion Science and Technology 176, no. 9 (September 2004): 1437–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102200490473666.

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Zhang, Limeng, Xinguang Dong, Fuxing Cui, Haichao Wang, Jinglong Liu, and Zhihong Hu. "Effect of Flue Gas Recirculation on Operating Performance of Coal-Fired Unit Boiler." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 677 (December 10, 2019): 032035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/677/3/032035.

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Wang, Gan, Zhi Wen, Guofeng Lou, Ruifeng Dou, Xianwei Li, Xunliang Liu, and Fuyong Su. "Mathematical modeling of and parametric studies on flue gas recirculation iron ore sintering." Applied Thermal Engineering 102 (June 2016): 648–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.04.018.

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