Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recombinaison non homologue (NHEJ)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 21 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Recombinaison non homologue (NHEJ).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lototska, Liudmyla. "Le rôle de la protéine RAP1 dans la protection des télomères humains." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4240.
Full textIn mammals, the shelterin complex is the guardian of telomere stability. It operates through a set of six proteins (TRF1, TRF2, POT1, RAP1, TPP1 and TIN2) that binds telomeric DNA and protects it from being recognized as DNA double-strand breaks and therefore control DNA repair and DNA damage response pathways. Among them, RAP1 and TRF2 cooperate and together protect chromosome extremities from end-to-end fusions. TRF2 is seen as a major factor to control telomere DNA topology by wrapping DNA around itself in a right handed manner. This property of TRF2 is required to promote the formation of t-loops, special DNA structures at telomeres that are considered as protective barriers to DNA damage response and fusion. Here we demonstrate two independent situations where RAP1 dysfunction is critical for telomere protection. First, in cells expressing a wrapping-deficient TRF2 allele that cannot form t-loops, RAP1 appears as a backup anti-fusion mechanism. Second, RAP1 downregulation in replicative senescent cells leads to telomere fusions and DNA damage response activation. This is consistent with similar observations in HeLa cells treated with the telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532, and in which RAP1 expression was abolished by an inducible shRNA system. In addition, we show that fusions triggered by RAP1 loss are dependent upon ligase IV, which is a key player of the classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) repair pathway. Altogether, these results indicate that RAP1 takes over telomere protection when TRF2 cannot properly function or in the normal physiological situation, such as replicative senescence
Bordelet, Hélène. "Régulation de la résection aux cassures double-brin par l'hétérochromatine SIR dépendante." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS300.
Full textHeterochromatin is a conserved feature of eukaryotic chromosomes, with central roles in regulation of gene expression and maintenance of genome stability. How DNA repair occurs in heterochromatin remains poorly described. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Silent Information Regulator (SIR) complex assembles a compact chromatin fibre. SIR-mediated repressive chromatin limits Double Strand Break (DSB) resection protecting damaged chromosome ends against the loss of genetic information. However, which of the three redundant resection complexes, MRX-Sae2, Exo1 and Sgs1-Dna2 are inhibited and by which mechanism remains to be deciphered. We show that Sir3, the histone-binding factor of yeast heterochromatin, physically interacts with Sae2-mediated resection and inhibits all its functions. Notably, this interaction limits Sae2-mediated resection, delays MRX removal from DSB ends and promotes Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ). In addition, SIR-mediated repressive chromatin partially inhibits the two long range resection pathways mediated by Exo1 and Sgs1-Dna2 by distinct mechanisms. Altogether SIR mediated inhibition of extensive resection and of Sae2 promotes NHEJ and limits Break-Induced Replication (BIR) preventing loss of heterozygosity at subtelomeres
Lototska, Liudmyla. "Le rôle de la protéine RAP1 dans la protection des télomères humains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2018AZUR4240.
Full textIn mammals, the shelterin complex is the guardian of telomere stability. It operates through a set of six proteins (TRF1, TRF2, POT1, RAP1, TPP1 and TIN2) that binds telomeric DNA and protects it from being recognized as DNA double-strand breaks and therefore control DNA repair and DNA damage response pathways. Among them, RAP1 and TRF2 cooperate and together protect chromosome extremities from end-to-end fusions. TRF2 is seen as a major factor to control telomere DNA topology by wrapping DNA around itself in a right handed manner. This property of TRF2 is required to promote the formation of t-loops, special DNA structures at telomeres that are considered as protective barriers to DNA damage response and fusion. Here we demonstrate two independent situations where RAP1 dysfunction is critical for telomere protection. First, in cells expressing a wrapping-deficient TRF2 allele that cannot form t-loops, RAP1 appears as a backup anti-fusion mechanism. Second, RAP1 downregulation in replicative senescent cells leads to telomere fusions and DNA damage response activation. This is consistent with similar observations in HeLa cells treated with the telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532, and in which RAP1 expression was abolished by an inducible shRNA system. In addition, we show that fusions triggered by RAP1 loss are dependent upon ligase IV, which is a key player of the classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) repair pathway. Altogether, these results indicate that RAP1 takes over telomere protection when TRF2 cannot properly function or in the normal physiological situation, such as replicative senescence
Gelot, Camille. "Rôle du complexe de cohésion sur la ligature d'extrémités d'ADN non homologues et la stabilité du génome." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066300/document.
Full textDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair is essential for genome stability/diversity, but can also generate genome rearrangements. Although non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is required for genome stability maintenance, the joining of distant double strand ends (DSE) should inexorably lead to genetic rearrangements. We analyzed the efficiency and accurency of close or distal EJ repair. Our data show that global end-joining is more efficient on close ends (34bp) compared to distal ends (3200bp) and that C-NHEJ is favored on close ends, resulting in more accurate outcome, compared to distal ends where more mutagenic A-EJ events takes place. In addition, the joining of distal ends favors the insertion/capture of DNA sequences. These data show only few kb distances between two DSEs are sufficient to jeopardize DSB repair efficiency and accuracy, leading to complex scars at the re-sealed junctions, and cell response is sufficiently sensitive to differently process such distal ends. We next addressed the question of the mechanisms preventing the joining of distant DSE. We show that depletion of the cohesin complex proteins specifically stimulates the end-joining of I-SceI-induced DSBs distant of 3200bp, while the joining of close DSEs (34bp) remained unaffected. Consistently, exome sequencing and cytogenetic analysis revealed that RAD21 ablation generates large chromosome rearrangements and a strong induction of replication stress-induced chromosome fusions. These data reveal a role for the cohesin complex in the protection against profound genome rearrangements arising through ligation of distant DSEs
Drouet, Jérôme. "Mobilisation de protéines de la voie de jonction d'extrémités non homologues en réponse aux cassures double-brin de l'ADN dans les cellules de mammifère." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30243.
Full textCells are constantly exposed to a variety of endogenic and exogenic factors likely to compromise their genome integrity. Among the various kinds of DNA lesions, double-strand breaks (DSB) are considered as the most cytotoxic damages due to potentially lethal, and possibly carcinogenic, effects. Facing this permanent danger, cells are equipped with adapted repairing enzymatic systems. The NHEJ (Non Homologous End Joining) is considered as the major DSB-repairing process in the case of superior eucaryotes. The precise biochemical mechanism used by the NHEJ is still not well known, and most of the present knowledge is based on in vitro experiments. In a first step, we have tested the physiological validity of the NHEJ biochemical model by an in vivo approach using optimized cell fractioning, based on a detergent-mediated extraction technique. We have confirmed the assembly of the major repairing complexes, DNA-PK and Xrcc4 / DNA ligase IV, in the presence of DSB in vivo, in several human cell lines. We have described for the first time a Xrcc4 recruitment, strictly dependent on the physical presence of DNA ligase IV, and we propose a model for the role of Xrcc4 phosphorylation on the optimized recruitment of DNA ligase IV in double-strand breakages. In addition, we observed a specific mobilization of the Xrcc4 / DNA ligase IV complex toward the nuclear matrix in response to DSB, and we propose that the nuclear matrix acts as a specialized DSB-repairing site exhibiting complex extremities. .
Despras, Emmanuelle. "LES PROTEINES KIN17, XPC, DNA-PKCS ET XRCC4 DANS LA REPONSE CELLULAIRE AUX DOMMAGES DE L'ADN. ETUDE DES RELATIONS ENTRE LA REPARATION PAR EXCISION DE NUCLEOTIDES ET LA RECOMBINAISON NON HOMOLOGUE DANS UN MODELE SYNGENIQUE HUMAIN." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432998.
Full textGrabarz, Anastazja. "Réparation des cassures double brin de l'adn chez les mammifères : rôle des protéines MRE11 et BLM dans l’initiation de la ligature d’extrémités non homologues (NHEJ )." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112172.
Full textDNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions, which can lead to genetic rearrangements. Two pathways are responsible for repairing these lesions : homologous recombination (HR) and non homologous end joining (NHEJ). In our laboratory, an intrachromosomal substrate has been established in order to measure the efficiency and the fidelity of NHEJ in living cells (Guirouilh-Barbat 2004). This approach led us to identify a KU-independent alternative pathway, which uses microhomologies in the proximity of the junction to accomplish repair – the alternative NHEJ (Guirouilh-Barbat 2004, Guirouilh-Barbat et Rass 2007). The goal of my thesis consisted in identifying and characterising major actors of this pathway. In the absence of KU, alternative NHEJ would be initiated by ssDNA resection of damaged ends. We showed that the nuclease activity of MRE11 is necessary for this mechanism. MRE11 overexpression leads to a two fold stimulation of NHEJ efficiency, while the extinction of MRE11 by siRNA results in a two fold decrease. Our results demonstrate that the proteins RAD50 and CtIP act in the same pathway as MRE11. Moreover, in cells deficient for XRCC4, MIRIN – an inhibitor of the MRN complex – leads to a decrease in repair efficiency, implicating MRE11 in alternative NHEJ. We also showed that MRE11 can act in an ATM-dependent and independent manner (Rass et Grabarz Nat Struct Mol Biol 2009). The initiation of break resection needs to be pursued by a more extensive degradation of DNA, which is accomplished in yeast by the proteins Exo1 and Sgs1/Dna2. In human cells, in vitro studies have recently proposed a similar model of a two-step break resection. We chose to elucidate the role of one of the human homologs of Sgs1 – the RecQ helicase BLM – in the resection process. Our experiments show, that he absence of BLM decreases the efficiency of end joining by NHEJ, accompanied by an increase in error-prone events, especially long-range deletions (>200nt). This suggests that BLM protects against extensive resection during alternative NHEJ. Furthermore, BLM is implicated in the protection against CtIP-dependent resection at the initiation of HR. In conclusion, our results show a major role of BLM in protecting against an excess of resection, mediated by the MRN cofactor – CtIP. BLM interacts with 53BP1 at sites of damage, in an ATM-dependent manner, in order to regulate the resection process and counteract BRCA1 activity. This underlines the novel role of BLM in the protection against resection and favouring gene conversion events without crossing-over, which is substantial for maintaining genomic integrity
Tsouroula, Aikaterini. "Double strand break repair within constitutive heterochromatin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ036/document.
Full textHeterochromatin is the tightly packed form of repetitive DNA, essential for cell viability. Its highly compacted and repetitive nature renders DSB repair a challenging process that cells need to overcome in order to maintain their genome integrity. Developing a highly specific and robust CRISPR/Cas9 system to target pericentric heterochromatin, we showed that DSBs in G1 are positionally stable and repaired by NHEJ. In S/G2, they relocate to the periphery of this domain to be repaired by HR. This relocation process is dependent of resection and RAD51 exclusion from the core domain of heterochromatin. If these breaks fail to relocate, they are repaired within heterochromatin by NHEJ or SSA. On the other hand, DSBs in centromeric heterochromatin activate both NHEJ and HR throughout the cell cycle. Our results reveal the differential repair pathway choice between centromeric and pericentric heterochromatin that also regulates the DSB position
Zhang, Lingli. "Vers la compréhension des mécanismes de réparation de l'ADN chez Streptomyces : identification d'acteurs de la recombinaison." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0104/document.
Full textDouble strand breaks (DSB) constitute the most deleterious form of DNA damage that a bacterial cell can encounter. Two major pathways can carry out DSB repair in bacteria: homologous recombination and Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ). Streptomyces is a model bacterium to explore the relative impact of these recombination mechanisms on genome structure and evolution; the chromosome is indeed typified by its linearity, its compartmentalized genetic organization and its remarkable genomic plasticity. The objective of this research is to identify actors involved in DSB repair mechanisms which remain mostly elusive in Streptomyces up to now. The first step of DSB repair by homologous recombination is the resection of broken DNA ends by a multisubunit helicase-nuclease complex exemplified by Escherichia coli RecBCD, Bacillus subtilis AddAB and Mycobacterium tuberculosis AdnAB. In silico analysis of Streptomyces genomes allowed to identify homologues for adnA and adnB which constitute a highly conserved locus within the genus. Attempts to disrupt these two genes were unsuccessful in Streptomyces ambofaciens as well as in Streptomyces coelicolor, unless an extra copy of adnAB was inserted in the chromosome. This indicates that AdnA and AdnB are both essential for Streptomyces growth. Complementation of an E. coli [delta]recB mutant by S. ambofaciens adnAB locus restored nuclease activity and cell survival in the presence or absence of DNA damaging agent, strongly suggesting that Streptomyces adnAB encodes a functional homologue of E. coli RecBCD. The key role of adnAB in homologous recombination and DNA replication is discussed. The NHEJ mechanism shows a sporadic distribution in bacteria and is known to involve the two proteins Ku and LigD. The Ku protein binds to the ends of the broken DNA and recruits the ATP-dependent ligase LigD which is a multifunctional protein carrying ligase, polymerase and sometimes nuclease activity. In silico analysis of Streptomyces genomes revealed a complex organization with a variable number of ku homologues (1 to 3) and of homologues encoding one of the three distinct LigD activities. These homologues define two conserved loci. S. ambofaciens possesses 3 ku (named kuA, kuB and kuC) and 2 ATP-dependent ligases (named ligC and ligD). Exposure to DNA damaging agents (mitomycin C, electron beam irradiation) of mutant strains got involved kuA and ligC, two conserved actors, but also variable genes such as kuC and ligD in DNA repair. These results open up new prospects to understand the role of NHEJ in the biology and genome evolution of Streptomyces
Delacote, Fabien. "La réparation des cassures double brin de l'ADN chez les mammifères:intervention séquentielle de la recombinaison non homologue puis de la recombinaison homologue." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T046.
Full textVu, Huy Khang. "Isolement des produits de recombinaison non homologue dans des cellules de souris transformées par SV40." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/12051.
Full textNicolai, Catharina von. "Characterization of a novel DNA binding domain in the N-terminus of BRCA2 and evaluation of BRCA2 variants identified in breast cancer patients in the same region." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS123/document.
Full textGermline mutations in the BRCA2 gene lead to high susceptibility to the development of breast and ovarian cancer. The tumor suppressor protein BRCA2 is essential for preserving chromosome integrity after DNA damage emerging from endogenous or exogenous sources. BRCA2 functions in Homologous Recombination (HR), the most reliable pathway to repair DNA double strand breaks. BRCA2 exerts its tumor suppressor role also at several stages during mitosis where it ensures checkpoint control and proper cell division.Although the function of BRCA2 in HR is well established, evidence from the literature describing a partial restoration of HR function in cells lacking the C-terminal DNA binding domain (CT-DBD) brought us to test the hypothesis of a secondary DNA binding domain in BRCA2.In silico analysis of the protein revealed a putative zinc finger-PARP domain in exon 10 of the N-terminal region. This type of domain usually binds DNA which prompted us to examine this activity in vitro. Using purified N-terminal fragments comprising the putative DNA binding domain in electrophoresis mobility shift assay we demonstrated the DNA binding activity of the N-terminus of BRCA2. When compared to the canonical CT-DBD, the N-terminal DNA binding domain (NT-DBD) exhibits stronger affinity for various DNA substrates and unlike the CT-DBD, it can also associate with dsDNA. Using a DNA strand exchange assay we also showed that the NT-DBD stimulates the recombination function of RAD51. In addition, BRCA2 missense variants in the NT-DBD found in breast cancer patients showed reduced dsDNA binding and decreased stimulation of RAD51 recombination activity on dsDNA/ssDNA containing substrates, implying that these residues are important for both functions. This work revealed a novel DNA binding domain in the N-terminus of BRCA2 that, in contrast to the CT-DBD, can associate with dsDNA and promote RAD51 recombination activity. We propose that the NT-DBD positions RAD51 at the ssDNA/dsDNA junction facilitating RAD51 loading onto the RPA-coated ssDNA. This activity may promote HR in DSB repair and in daughter strand gap repair (von Nicolai, C et al., 2016 submitted).To define the relevance of NT DBD on cancer predisposition, we selected several missense variants of unknown clinical significance (VUS) found in families at high risk to develop breast cancer located in this region. We used in vitro and in vivo functional assays to study the impact of the mutations on BRCA2 function in HR and mitosis. Some of the variants exhibited hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents and PARP inhibitors, a hallmark of defective HR while one variant was proficient in repair. All variants showed normal centrosome duplication, but exhibited delayed or failed cytokinesis. This phenotype suggests a defect of the variants in midbody formation and abscission as a consequence of impaired BRCA2 function. It remains to be established if the defects in HR and cytokinesis are related. In the future, this study will help to classify VUS in the NT-DBD and facilitate genetic counselling of individuals carrying these mutations.BRCA2 is a mediator protein in RAD51-dependent HR. Its meiotic counterpart, DMC1, shares similar structure and function and binds BRCA2. However, the functional relevance of this interaction remained elusive. In this work, we showed that through the BRC repeats, BRCA2 interacts with DMC1 and promotes joint molecule formation. This stimulatory effect is due to the enhancement of DMC1 assembly on ssDNA. Importantly, full-length BRCA2 also stimulated the DNA strand exchange activity of DMC1, confirming the results with the isolated BRC repeats. Our results identify BRCA2 as a mediator of meiotic recombination and underline the role of the BRC repeats on this function (Martinez, von Nicolai, et al., 2016, PNAS)
Le, Guillou-Guillemette Hélène. "Étude de la duplication du domaine V3 de la région NS5A du virus de l'hépatite C de génotype 1b : épidémiologie clinique et moléculaire et aspects fonctionnels." Angers, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01784327/document.
Full textThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HCV NS5A protein has been shown to be involved in viral replication and assembly and in the liver carcinogenesis. We investigated a V3-NS5A polymorphism in HCV 1b identified in our laboratory. We found two \/3 domains tandemly duplicated without ORF disruption in 3. 05% of the HCV sequences. The prevalence of this duplication increased with liver disease severity (from 3. 0% in patients without cirrhosis to 9. 4% in patients with both cirrhosis and I-ICC, p for trend=O. 045). Direct sequencing and clonal analyzes showed that quasispecies were entirely composed by mutants strains that persisted at least for 10 years. These V3 duplications were likely resulting from a non-homologous recombination that occurred between two wild-type strains. Our preliminary functional results identified potential specific interactions between host-cell proteins and the V3-NS5A duplicated proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. We expressed recombinant duplicated NS5A proteins in cell and bacterial cultures and developed an optimized protocol for bacterial cultures. A validation of the interactions has not been reached with the first pulldown assays. We identified a V3-NS5A duplication in HCV 1b for the first time (i) associated with unfavorable evolution of liver disease including a possible involvement in liver carcinogenesis (ii) always present during the HCV infection (iii) resulting from a non-homologous recombination, mechanism that has never been described in vivo in HCV. We also suggested potential specific protein-protein interactions and performed recombinant NS5A protein production
Wu, Pei-Yu. "Le complexe de ligation dans la réaction de réparation des cassures de l'ADN par recombination non homologué." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30064.
Full textDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal threats among all the DNA damages in cells. They can arise not only endogenously from normal physiological processes such as V(D)J recombination or toxic lesions like DNA replication forks collapses, but also exogenously from DNA damaging agents like ionizing radiation (IR) or radiomimetic compounds. In mammals, DSBs are mainly repaired by homologous recombination (HR) during S and G2 phases of the cell cycle when sister chromatids are available, and, more predominantly, in all the phases of cell cycle by the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway without any requirement for homology guidance. The NHEJ machinery is also involved in V(D)J recombination to rearrange B-cell immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. Deficiency in NHEJ consequently results in hypersensitivity to IR, immunodeficiency, as well as chromosomal instability. After DSBs induction, Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer binds to free DNA ends, allowing the subsequent recruitment and activation of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). The resulting DNA-PK holoenzyme (i. E. Ku/DNA-PKcs or Complex-1) tethers two DNA termini and form the synaptic complex that may further activates DNA-PKcs by several (auto)phosphorylation events. Upon activation, Complex-1 undergoes conformational changes to accommodate the ligation complex (Complex-2) and accessory factors that make DNA ends compatible with ligation, when necessary. Complex-2 comprises XRCC4, DNA LigIV (LigIV) and the more recently identified factor Cernunnos-XLF (Cer-XLF). The three partners interact with each other and Complex-2 also binds Complex-1 and accessory factors, thus accounting for its highly efficient end-joining activity. In this work we aimed at characterizing the intimate interaction network between Complex-2 factors. .
Marmignon, Antoine. "Couplage entre introduction et réparation des cassures double brin pendant les réarrangements programmés du génome de Paramecium tetraurelia." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923174.
Full textRey, Laurie. "L'ADN polymérase eta humaine est requise pour la stabilité des séquences particulières de l'ADN en absence de stress exogène : rôle dans la réplication et/ou dans la réparation par recombinaison homologue?" Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/510/.
Full textReplication of the eukaryotic genome requires the cooperation of a large number of DNA polymerases. The accurate replicative DNA polymerases are responsible for the majority of DNA synthesis but are slowed down or blocked when they encounter a DNA lesion induced by exogenous agents such as UV radiations. Specialised DNA polymerases are then recruited to bypass these lesions by Translesion Synthesis. The importance of the ability of these specialised polymerases to maintain genomic stability is illustrated by the human disorder Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant, which arises in consequence of mutations in DNA polymerase eta (Pol eta). Pol eta prevents skin cancer susceptibility by promoting accurate TLS past sunlight-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Despite the established requirement for Pol eta in processing DNA damage, its role in maintaining genome stability in absence of external damage has not been extensively explored, especially for the stability of endogenous structured DNA regions, which also impede the replication fork progression. We have demonstrated that i) Pol eta could function to process G-rich sequences able to form G4 structures, frequently found in telomeric domains in human cells, ii) Pol eta is important for the stability of common fragile sites, which are frequently rearranged in tumours. The mechanism involved has also been investigated and the first results suggest a direct role of Pol eta in the replication of these particular sequences or in the restart of blocked replication forks at these sites. Together, these results reveal a new role of Pol eta in maintaining genomic stability during unperturbed S-phase and in preventing breakage at common fragile sites. They challenge the current concept of the unique involvement of Pol eta in tolerance and repair pathways after external stress
Santana, dos santos Elizabeth. "Contribution of the Missense and Non-Coding BRCA1/2 Variants for the Hereditary Predisposition and Response to Treatment of Breast and Ovarian Cancers Assessment of the Functional Impact of Germline BRCA1/2 Variants Located in Non- Coding Regions in Families with Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer Predisposition Non-Coding Variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes: Potential Impact on Breast and Ovarian Cancer Predisposition." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS027.
Full textOvarian and breast cancers are currently defined by the main pathways involved in the tumorigenesis. In hereditary breast/ovarian cancers (HBOC), tumors with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PV) present an impairment of DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR). For many years, BRCA1/2 PV were only searched on germline DNA. Currently, this information is also searched at tumor level to personalize treatment. Even so, the reason of the inactivation of this pathway remains uncertain for most cases, even in the presence of HR deficient signature.Gathered evidence indicates that protein inactivating PV may not be the only mechanism of HR dysfunction. In this context, the main objective of this thesis is to identify alternative mechanisms of HR inactivation to improve both: genetic counseling and therapeutic response. For this purpose, we have attempted to contribute to non-coding and missense (other than premature stop codon) BRCA1/2 variant classification and searched for new biomarkers of therapeutic response to DNA damage agents in other HR genes.We identified germline variants in key transcriptional regulatory elements of BRCA1 and BRCA2, and demonstrated that part of them were functionally active and had additional arguments suggesting pathogenicity. We also explored molecular features of breast and ovarian tumors from BRCA1 variant carriers and observed a predominance of loss of the wild-type allele. Conforming to this evidence, we propose to incorporate LOH information, into the multifactorial model for BRCA1 variant classification. Finally, besides the enrichment of BRCA1/2 germline and somatic PV, we described alternative mechanisms of HR inactivation in a OC population presenting optimal response to platinum-based chemotherapy, including BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation and also mutations in other genes of HR pathway
Caillaud, Frédéric. "Contribution a la caracterisation du transposon navette conjugatif tn1545." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077023.
Full textMorice, Pierre-Marie. "Evaluation de la déficience de la recombinaison homologue et de la réponse des tumeurs ovariennes aux inhibiteurs de PARP grâce à l'utilisation de modèles de culture 3D en vue du développement d'un test prédictif Identifying eligible patients to PARP inhibitors: from NGS-based tests to promising 3D functional assays Automated scoring for assessment of RAD51-mediated homologous recombination in patient-derived tumor organoids of ovarian cancers Risk of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia related to PARP inhibitors: a combined approach using a safety meta-analysis of placebo randomized controlled trials and the World Health Organization's pharmacovigilance database The long non-coding RNA ‘UCA1’ modulates the response to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer through direct binding to miR-27a-5p and control of UBE2N levels." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC414.
Full textWorldwide each year, more than 150 000 women die from epithelial ovarian cancer largely due to emergence of resistance to chemotherapy. Approximately half of these cancers display molecular alterations that cause deficiency of DNA repair via homologous recombination (HRD), which confer sensitivity to PARP protein inhibitors (PARPi). To date, there is no test capable of fully identifying the HRD phenotype, thus limiting access to these treatments. In this context, we are developing functional assays based on the use of tumor explant slices and then, on the use of tumor organoids derived from ovarian tumors of chemotherapy-naive or previously treated patients. The culture of explants was unsuitable for this application and we then focused our work on tumor organoids. Tumor organoids were exposed to carboplatin (first-line treatment) and two PARP inhibitors (olaparib and niraparib) used for maintenance therapy. In parallel, we collected clinical data from patients (survival, platinum-free interval, RECIST, treatments) to evaluate the predictive potential of these models. The established tumor organoids responded heterogeneously to different drugs, and our results show that the organoid-based assay is capable of identifying patients highly resistant to carboplatin, suggesting that this functional assay could have a predictive value for patients treated with carboplatin. Regarding the potential of organoids in predicting PARPi response, multiple sensitivity profiles have been identified, but the correlation with clinical response has yet to be determined by studies conducted on tumor samples from patients treated with these drugs
Würtele, Hugo. "Rôles des interactions entre loci dans l'organisation spatiale fonctionnelle et l'évolution des génomes de mammifères." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15599.
Full textSimoneau, Antoine. "Étude du rôle de la phosphorylation du complexe Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 dans le maintien de l'intégrité génomique." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9229.
Full textThe genome of every cell is constantly subjected to stresses that could compromise its integrity. DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are amongst the most damaging events for a cell and can lead to gross chromosomal rearrangements, cell death and cancer if improperly repaired. Homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) are the main repair pathways responsible for the repair of DSBs. However, the mechanistic basis of both pathways is fundamentally different and the regulation of the choice between both for the repair of DSBs remains largely misunderstood. The Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX) complex acts as a DSB first responder and contributes to repair by both homologous recombination and NHEJ. Being at the crossroads of both DSB repair pathways, the MRX complex is therefore in a convenient position to influence the repair choice. This thesis unravels two distinct phosphorylation systems modifying the MRX complex and specifically regulating repair by NHEJ. The first relies on cell cycle progression and inhibits NHEJ, while the second requires the presence of DNA damage and is necessary for efficient NHEJ. Together, our results suggest a model in which the MRX complex would act as an integrator of phospho-stimuli in order to regulate the DSB repair pathway choice.