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1
Portas, C. M. "One machinery, multiple cognitive states: The value of the AIM model." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 6 (December 2000): 993–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00794027.
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The AIM model represents an original and comprehensive example of how changes in conscious states can be reconciled with specific neurophysiological factors. However, further elucidation of the biological parameters necessary to define a specific space-state relationship should be considered.[Hobson et al.; Solms]
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Pelletier, Gérard-R. "Trois bicentenaires : Hume, Condillac, Smith. Adam Smith entre le marginalisme et le marxisme." Articles 53, no. 1 (June 23, 2009): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800711ar.
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Abstract It is not easy to understand why, and how, orthodox economists who do not believe either in the labor-theory or in the cost-theory of value, continue to favor Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, but forget such economists as Condillac, whose value theory is nearer to theirs and whose bicentenary we also commemorate. Adam Smith, it is submitted, is still interesting but for reasons far enough from orthodox economic theory. Smith is in fact, according to some recent interpretations, more of a welfare economist, concerned with moral values, than a partial analysis economist: his theory of value derives from ethical considerations following Hume and keeps its normative flavor throughout instead of being solely a tentative explanation of prices. Some apparently contradictory assertions about value could thus be reconciled in a unifying theory, as explained by such authors as Lindgren (1973) or Rieseman (1976). If it is possible to reconcile many apparently contradictory views in Adam Smith's works, thanks to a more holistic approach, it is suggested that a similar approach could be applied to a more controversial economist, Karl Marx, whose career may be compared to that of Smith in many respects.
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Crowder, George. "Value Pluralism and Monotheism." Politics and Religion 7, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 818–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048314000595.
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AbstractHow far can monotheism be reconciled with the pluralism characteristic of modern societies? In this article, I focus on the “value pluralism” of Isaiah Berlin, which I suggest captures a deeper level of plurality than Rawls's more familiar version of pluralism. However, some critics have objected that Berlinian pluralism is too controversial an idea in which to ground liberalism because it is profoundly at odds with the monotheism professed by so many citizens of a modern society. I argue that monotheists can be value pluralists as long as they do not insist that their faith is superior to all others. This pluralist position is exemplified by elements of the interfaith movement, according to which many religions are recognized as having roughly equal value. I also argue that a value-pluralist approach to religious accommodation, if it can be achieved, may be more stable than the uneasy combination of disapproval and restraint involved in the more orthodox solution to conflict among religions, toleration.
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ERWIG, MARTIN, and STEVE KOLLMANSBERGER. "FUNCTIONAL PEARLS: Probabilistic functional programming in Haskell." Journal of Functional Programming 16, no. 1 (September 12, 2005): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796805005721.
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At the heart of functional programming rests the principle of referential transparency, which in particular means that a function f applied to a value x always yields one and the same value y=f(x). This principle seems to be violated when contemplating the use of functions to describe probabilistic events, such as rolling a die: It is not clear at all what exactly the outcome will be, and neither is it guaranteed that the same value will be produced repeatedly. However, these two seemingly incompatible notions can be reconciled if probabilistic values are encapsulated in a data type.
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van der Linden, Bastiaan, and R. Edward Freeman. "Profit and Other Values: Thick Evaluation in Decision Making." Business Ethics Quarterly 27, no. 3 (May 11, 2017): 353–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/beq.2017.1.
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ABSTRACT:Profit maximizers have reasons to agree with stakeholder theorists that managers may need to consider different values simultaneously in decision making. However, it remains unclear how maximizing a single value can be reconciled with simultaneously considering different values. A solution can neither be found in substantive normative philosophical theories, nor in postulating the maximization of profit. Managers make sense of the values in a situation by means of the many thick value concepts of ordinary language. Thick evaluation involves the simultaneous consideration of different values: making sense of a value always involves knowing how to engage with it given the other values in the situation. This also goes for profit: maximization is only one way of engaging with the value of profit, and grasping whether maximization is appropriate involves considering other values. We discuss some consequences of our approach for stakeholder theorists and profit maximizers.
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Maciel, Dariela Candela, Alejandra Patricia Ingaramo, Sergio Marcelo Perez, and Humberto Heluane. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN CONCENTRATION OF LEMON JUICE USING RECONCILED DATA." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 50, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2020.154.
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Citrus production is one of the main agro-industrial activities in Tucuman, Argentina, with a value in 2017 estimated at US$1,178 millions. Production of lemon juice concentrate requires the use of evaporation systems which are critical for the water and energy usage in all process industries. Precise knowledge of process variables is therefore extremely important for evaluation of the efficiency, economic parameters, etc. of the whole plant. In this work, data reconciliation and gross error detection were performed on data collected from the lemon juice concentration unit of an industrial plant located in Tucuman, Argentina. From reconciled data, the overall heat transfer coefficients of the four-effect evaporation line were calculated. In addition, a mathematical model was developed to predict the overall heat transfer coefficients. The parameters of the model were fitted to the experimental data and to the reconciled plant.
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Wadeson, Nigel. "Internationalisation theory and Born Globals." Multinational Business Review 28, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-10-2019-0123.
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Purpose It has been claimed that Born Globals are incompatible with the Uppsala model, which is based on the firm having a maximum tolerable risk level. This assumption was used to explain observed incremental commitments, with further commitments being made as experiential learning reduces the level of risk faced. This study aims to show that adding a consideration of the role of expected value, including the effects of resource constraints, can reconcile the Born Global and internationalisation process literatures. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical arguments are supported by mathematical modelling of a firm pursuing expected value based on subjective beliefs. Findings While the effects of risk and expected value coincide when firms limit their downside risks by taking an incremental approach to commitments, other factors impacting on expected value can shift the balance of incentives towards earlier and more rapid internationalisation. For instance, some firms are specialised and have high costs of R&D, and so need to achieve early and rapid growth but face small home markets. While resource constraints can lead a firm to expand for some time in its home market before internationalising, the effect can be reversed in the case of the finance constraint for some firms. Originality/value The study shows how Born Global and internationalisation process literatures can be reconciled through a consideration of the effects of expected value on internationalisation decisions. It also provides a novel theoretical analysis of Born Globals.
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Raymond, Jean. "Reflections on the TEAM Trial: Why Clinical Care and Research Should be Reconciled." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 38, no. 2 (March 2011): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100011343.
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The current clinical and research environment is one that renders any true enquiry into the value of commonly performed surgical acts practically impossible. Drawing from the recent failure of Trial on Endovascular Aneurysm Management (TEAM), a trial on the endovascular management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, I attempt to identify some principles that sustain the current ways of doing clinical research that have paradoxically become major obstacles to trials that aim to assess the potential benefit or harm due to interventions as currently practiced. Clinical research and practice must coalesce into “clinical care trials” if we are to provide patients with optimal, prudent care in the context of uncertainty. This may require a major change in the mentalities of clinicians, scientists, and patients alike, and the adoption of novel strategies for public agencies to support the integration of clinical research and care.
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Kennedy, T. A., E. R. Glaser, W. E. Carlos, P. P. Ruden, and Shuji Nakamura. "Symmetry of Electrons and Holes in Lightly Photo-Excited InGaN LEDs." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 4, S1 (1999): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300003434.
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The symmetry of the recombining electrons and holes in lightly photo-excited InGaN LEDs revealed through ODMR is related to the physical structure, band structure and defects present. Calculations of the electron-g within the k• p formalism give the average shift from the free-electron value for GaN but are not fully reconciled with the anisotropy. This theory is also extended to InGaN alloys for both pseudomorphic and relaxed layers. The average shift is close to the experimental values for the green LED. The strongly reduced hole anisotropies seen experimentally are explained by a recently published theory for acceptors in GaN.
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Lehtimäki, Hanna, Johanna Kujala, and Anna Heikkinen. "Corporate Responsibility in Communication." Business Communication Quarterly 74, no. 4 (October 14, 2011): 432–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1080569911424203.
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The paper examines how the tensions of corporate responsibility are articulated and reconciled in a controversial situation of a foreign investment. We conducted a conventionalist analysis on the company press releases in a case where a Finnish forest industry company invested in a pulp mill in South America. The findings show that the use of language in press releases mobilizes certain stakeholders while reassuring others, and that the argumentation used creates value-neutral communication, making it possible to pursue strategic goals despite competing values. For teaching, we provide insights on how to communicate in a conflict situation.
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Lord, Alexander, and Yiquan Gu. "Can the market be tamed? A thought experiment on the value(s) of planning." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, no. 1 (July 8, 2018): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18784600.
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In many contexts across the globe, the scope and remit of planning is being limited. Much of the academic literature identifies this tendency as arising from a tension between planning as a state-regulatory activity and the tenets of neoliberalism – particularly free market competition. In this essay, we seek to explore the degree to which this perceived incompatibility between planning and the neoliberal order is genuinely real by running a thought experiment. We hope to show that thinking about the development process in this way points to alternative ways of imagining the scope and remit of planning – and how the normative principles at the core of the activity might be reconciled, or even extended, within the context of a neoliberal polity.
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Gisch, Celina, Bernhard Hirsch, and David Lindermüller. "Reporting practices in situations of conflicting institutional logics: the case of a German federal authority." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 17, no. 4 (May 5, 2021): 494–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-02-2020-0020.
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Purpose This study aims to understand how reporting practices act as drivers of change in situations of conflicting institutional logics in a public sector organisation. Design/methodology/approach The findings are based on a case study of a German federal authority, where management accounting reports were introduced as part of a “new” managerial logic of control. Findings In the case organisation, management accounting reports were intended to change the behaviour of executives but were still guided by an “old” logic of justification. Nevertheless, over time, the addressees of the reports used the reports and reconciled different logics. This documents a process from decoupling to compromising and, finally, reconciling different institutional logics. Originality/value By examining the practices of management accounting reporting, this study elaborates the tensions placed on individuals by conflicting institutional logics and provides insights into how organisational practices are used to handle and reconcile conflicting logics in a public sector organisation. Therefore, this paper contributes to the discussion on how organisational practices act as drivers of organisational change.
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Osborne, Matthew, Ben D’Exelle, and Arjan Verschoor. "Truly reconciled? A dyadic analysis of post-conflict social reintegration in Northern Uganda." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 1 (November 9, 2017): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317729011.
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In the aftermath of civil war or violent internal conflict, one of the key peacebuilding challenges is the reconciliation of former enemies who are members of the same small-scale societies. A failure of social reintegration may contribute to what is known as a conflict trap. To detect lingering hostile attitudes among a community’s various factions is crucial, but the approaches adopted in previous studies tend to focus on the impact of conflict on one or other aggregated indicator of social cohesion rather than on how violence-affected individuals regard and act towards their fellow community members. Here we demonstrate the value of concentrating on this latter dyadic component of social interactions and we use behavioural experiments and a social tie survey to assess, in an appropriately disaggregated manner, social cohesion in a post-conflict setting in northern Uganda. Whereas in self-reported surveys, ex-combatants appear to be well-connected, active members of their communities, the experiments unveil the continued reluctance of other community members to share or cooperate with them; fewer resources are committed to ex-combatants than to others, which is statistically significant. The dyadic nature of our analysis allows us to detect which groups are more prone to discriminate against ex-combatants, which may help facilitate targeted interventions.
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Gross, Toomas. "Religion andRespeto: The Role and Value of Respect in Social Relations in Rural Oaxaca." Studies in World Christianity 21, no. 2 (August 2015): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2015.0114.
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This paper discusses the relationship between religious affiliation and the ways that the notion of ‘respect’ (respeto) is used in common discourse in rural Oaxaca. Drawing on the ethnographic example of indigenous Zapotec villages in the Sierra Juárez, I examine how Protestants and Catholics employ the term to justify their attitudes towards each other and towards the norms of communal life. Both consider ‘respect’ an important value in social relations, but in significantly different ways. Catholics conceptualise ‘respect’ mainly as a hierarchical value central to which is the villagers' subordination to the authority of customs and communal leaders. For most Protestants, however, respect is a horizontal notion that is associated with freedom of religion and the right of individuals to distance themselves from local traditions without being socially excluded or marginalised. The differences between these two perspectives are reconciled by a mutual acknowledgement of the need to ‘reciprocate’ respect.
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Le Pelley, Mike E., Daniel Pearson, Alexis Porter, Hannah Yee, and David Luque. "Oculomotor capture is influenced by expected reward value but (maybe) not predictiveness." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1313874.
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A large body of research has shown that learning about relationships between neutral stimuli and events of significance – rewards or punishments – influences the extent to which people attend to those stimuli in the future. However, different accounts of this influence differ in terms of the critical variable that is proposed to determine learned changes in attention. We describe two experiments using eye-tracking with a rewarded visual search procedure to investigate whether attentional capture is influenced by the predictiveness of stimuli (i.e., the extent to which they provide information about upcoming events) or by their absolute associative value (i.e., the expected incentive value of the outcome that a stimulus predicts). Results demonstrated a clear influence of associative value on the likelihood that stimuli will capture eye-movements, but the evidence for a distinct influence of predictiveness was less compelling. The results of these experiments can be reconciled within a simple account under which attentional prioritization is a monotonic function of the expected, subjective value of the reward that is signalled by a stimulus.
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Carr, Vaughan J., Terry J. Lewin, and Amanda L. Neil. "What is the Value of Treating Schizophrenia?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 11-12 (November 2006): 963–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01919.x.
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Objective: Recent generalized cost-effectiveness analyses contrasting schizophrenia with high prevalence mental disorders have noted a need to investigate the mechanisms by which the tensions between equity and efficiency can be reconciled and inform priority setting in resource allocation. This paper explores and illustrates some possible strategies for valuing mental health states, with the broad goal of improving resource allocation decisions. Method: Health utility gains derived for current and optimal treatments for schizophrenia, depression and anxiety disorders, potential societal preference weightings, and annual costs per treated case, are used to illustrate the magnitude of the impacts on relative costefficiency and societal welfare estimates. These estimates are based on costs per additional quality adjusted life year (QALY) and costs per additional S-QALY (i.e. QALYs adjusted for societal value of health gains) respectively. Results: When broader societal preferences are ignored, current and optimal treatments for depression and anxiety are around 10 times more efficient than those for schizophrenia, but treatments for all three disorders appear to give rise to similar levels of societal welfare when weighting factors reflecting equity concerns are incorporated. Conclusions: There is manifest inequality in health between individuals with schizophrenia and those with high prevalence mental disorders, even with optimal treatment. Schizophrenia is much more costly to treat but other factors require consideration. Inclusion of societal preferences should lead to more rational decisionmaking and improved societal welfare. In turn, greater effort needs to be given to the development and validation of appropriate weighting factors reflecting distributive preferences in mental health.
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Kuljic, Todor. "The new (changed) past as value factor of development." Sociologija 48, no. 3 (2006): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0603219k.
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Image of the past is an active framework of reference values that indirectly gives a meaning to and influences social development. The past provides a symbolic framework to the individuals and groups by which they conceptualize their existence. Changing the image of the past is an important part of the transition of values. The past is an active framework of social action not just passively reframed ideas adapted to the needs of the present. Since 1990s the past has been radically changed, reinvented and revisioned in newly formed Balkan states in order to initiate new development towards the national capitalism. The changing of the past was rather patchy in Serbia. While the Serbian opposition in 1990s (similarly to ruling elites in other newly founded states) has reconciled quickly its vision of the past to the new image of national capitalism, the radical changes in official statements about the past happened only after the 2000. Broadly speaking, in the Serbian memory culture there are two main value orientations marked by the past: (1) antifascism and (2) Hilandar (a famous Serbian cloister in Greece). Antifascism is a mark of rationalism, multiculturalism, brotherhood and unity, left position and anticonservatism, Hilandar is a mark of religion and national exclusivity and conservatism and the right values. The first one withdraws, the second is presently hegemonic.
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Reuten, Geert. "The Productive Powers of Labour and the Redundant Transformation to Prices of Production." Historical Materialism 25, no. 3 (December 13, 2017): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341538.
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AbstractThe famous Marxian ‘transformation problem’ originated from a research manuscript written by Marx in 1864/65, from which Engels assembledCapitaliii(1894). Unequal capital compositions, equal rates of surplus-value and equal rates of profit among different sectors are posited, and reconciled using the problematic concept of ‘prices of production’. Yet the assumption of equal rates of surplus-value is at odds with the subsequent text ofCapitali(1867), where Marx presents various determinants of the rate of surplus-value, and connects productive powers of labour diverging between sectors with divergentvalue-generating potenciesof labour. Given the other determinants, diverging rates of surplus-value then result. Marx disregarded these productive power differentials when he originally formulated his transformation. In a reconstruction, building onCapitali, this omission is rectified. It makes prices of production and hence the dual account systems redundant. The transformation problem then evaporates.
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Lixinski, Lucas. "Digital Heritage Surrogates, Decolonization, and International Law: Restitution, Control, and the Creation of Value as Reparations and Emancipation." Santander Art and Culture Law Review, no. 2 (6) (2020): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.20.011.13014.
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This article argues that digital and post-colonial engagements with heritage can be reconciled only if they happen in the terms set by the once-colonized community, and for their benefit. Further, the law can play a significant role in embedding certain ethical commitments, provided it can steer away from legal categories such as authenticity and access; categories which, despite their neutral or even cosmopolitan aspirations, function as reinforcers of a status quo that privileges colonial possession of heritage. In order to pursue this thesis, the article focuses on the ways in which the digitization of heritage was suggested – in the context of the Sarr-Savoy Report about the return of objects from French museums to certain African countries – to constitute a precondition for the return of cultural objects taken during colonialism. Drawing on that report, as well as on the responses to it, the article queries whether and how digitization can work to redress (or unfortunately, in some cases reinforce) the harms of colonialism.
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Cornelius, Steve. "Commercial Appropriation of a Person's Image: Wells V Atoll Media (Pty) Ltd (Unreported 11961/2006) 2009 ZAWCHC 173 (9 November 2009)." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2011/v14i2a2568.
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Our modern society has become transfixed with celebrity. Business people and marketers also endeavour to cash in on the popularity enjoyed by the stars and realise the value of associating merchandise or trademarks with the rich and famous. This leads to difficulties when the attributes of a person are apparently used without consent, which poses new questions to the law: should the law protect the individual against the unlawful use of his or her image? If so, to what extent should such protection be granted? These were some of the questions which the court had to answer in Wells v Atoll Media (Pty). The judgment in Wellshas redefined the right to identity and provided some clarity on what the infringement of that right would amount to. When the attributes of a person are used without consent, the right to identity can be violated in one of four ways. A person's right to identity can be infringed upon if the attributes of that person are used without permission in a way which cannot be reconciled with the true image of the individual concerned, if the use amounts to the commercial exploitation of the individual, if it cannot be reconciled with generally accepted norms of decency, or if it violates the privacy of that person.
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AN, HAI-LONG, YONG ZHAN, JIN-WEI LIU, SU-HUA ZHANG, and TONG-JUN ZHAO. "THE MONTE–CARLO SIMULATION OF THE PERMEABILITY OF K ION CHANNELS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 17n19 (July 30, 2004): 2585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204025713.
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In this paper, by introducing the collision model of the K ion channel, the maximum value of ions inward the channel per second, the average velocity of ions in the channels and the average time of every ion passing through the channel are obtained. Moreover they are reconciled with the experimental data. Base on the experimental data, the empiristic potential function is deduced. With the Monte–Carlo simulation, the curve of average velocity versus time and average displacement versus time are calculated by resolving the over-damping Langevin equation with Gaussian-white noise. They are according with the experimental dada well.
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Hussinger, Katrin, and Abdul-Basit Issah. "Firm Acquisitions by Family Firms: A Mixed Gamble Approach." Family Business Review 32, no. 4 (November 5, 2019): 354–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486519885544.
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This study elucidates the mixed gamble confronting family firms when considering a related firm acquisition. The socioemotional and financial wealth trade-off associated with related firm acquisitions as well as their long-term horizon turns family firms more likely to undertake a related acquisition than nonfamily firms, especially when they are performing above their aspiration level. Postmerger performance pattern confirms that family firms are able to create long-term value through these acquisitions, and by doing so, they surpass nonfamily firms. These findings stand in contrast to commonly used behavioral agency predictions but can be reconciled with theory through a mixed gamble lens.
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SCHWARTZBERG, MELISSA. "Justifying the Jury: Reconciling Justice, Equality, and Democracy." American Political Science Review 112, no. 3 (February 6, 2018): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055417000661.
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The jury is a paradigmatic example of a democratic institution that may be justified strictly oninstrumentalandepistemicgrounds: its ability to yield just outcomes. Yet why should we have confidence in its ability? The jury's reliability derives from the jurors’ status as local experts (hierarchical equality), as well as near-universal eligibility and selection by lot (horizontal equality): This dual egalitarianism is a condition of the jury's epistemic value. Yet ordinary citizens thereby acquire an interest inepistemic respector recognition of their presumptively equal competence to judge. The instrumental value of the jury and intrinsic (respect-based) value of jury service may thus be reconciled; although trade-offs between just verdicts and respectful treatment are possible, the jury's ability to attain just verdicts may be improved by reforms generated by concerns about respectful treatment of jurors. This framework sheds light on the justification of democratic institutions more generally.
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Cozmiuc, Diana, and Ioan Petrișor. "VALUE BASED MANAGEMENT IN THE NEW ECONOMY." Business Excellence and Management 10, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/beman/2020.10.3-05.
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The main objective of this paper is to investigate the updates brought by the New Economy, especially new business models brought by digitalization, on value-based management. This objective is to see if classic value-based management and the updates brought by the New Economy conflict or are somehow harmonized or complementary. Another objective is to illustrate the updates brought by digitalization as case object on Siemens as case subject. The paper is focused on value-based management particularities for digitalization products, services, solutions. The context of the paper is digitalization technology and its impact on business and society, digital transformation. The phenomenon is new to society in all and therefore both literature review and case studies are highly relevant. The article is a case study on a top European corporation, both leader in digitalization and excellent value-based management practitioner. The case study is exploratory and descriptive, searching for the connections between digitalization and value. It relies on secondary evidence about Siemens. The questions are how New Economy value patterns work in practice and how do they relate to classic value indicators, net present value of discounted cash flow or its equivalent Economic Value Added. The paper finds a connection between innovation lifecycle and investment approval or capital budgeting. The beginning of the project lifecycle involves investment in intangible assets, business models, an open network structure and is funded by venture capital. As the idea matures close to customer contract negotiation stages, the network structure turns into a project budgeted via program management and equity and debt. The findings show how so-called new capital budgeting methods, venture capital, are reconciled with classic value-based management using equity and debt and Economic Value-Added investment appraisal. Both funding methods have their logic and place in idea lifecycle at Siemens. The paper finds a match between the lean start-up method and early stages of digital offering lifecycle, and a complementarity between venture capital funding methods and equity and debt capital funding methods given by the innovation lifecycle.
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Pounds, Gabrina. "Rapport-building in suspects’ police interviews." Pragmatics and Society 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 95–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.00017.pou.
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Abstract Both research and police guidelines acknowledge the value of rapport-building in police interview with suspects (ISs) and provide some insight into how ‘rapport’ may be defined and built in this context. Rapport is, however, difficult to operationalise and assess in practice, other than for the routine legal clarification offered to suspects at the beginning of the interview. This paper takes an original discourse-pragmatic and ethnographic approach to investigating the forms that rapport takes in a sample of authentic ISs, with particular reference to two dimensions, empathy and face. The article discusses the value and suitability of the identified empathic and ‘face’-relevant expressions with respect to current interview aims and practice. The discussion highlights the underlying bi-functionality of rapport in ISs, demonstrating how the two functions may be reconciled in police interview training and practice.
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Baratz, Lea, and Esther Kalnisky. "The identities of the Ethiopian community in Israel." Journal for Multicultural Education 11, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-12-2015-0041.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the linkage of identity of new and veteran immigrant students of the Ethiopian community in Israel, by examining their attitudes to children’s literature books written simultaneously in Hebrew and Amharic. The data were collected using focus groups of Ethiopian students attending a teacher training college. The main findings revealed that they referred to two major types of identity: one type is an unreconciled identity, characterized by defiance, which seeks to minimize the visibility of one’s ethnic group within the main culture and tries to adopt the hegemonic identity, whereas the other type of identity contains the original ethnic identity and – in contrast to the first type – tries to reconcile it with the hegemonic culture. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study, which emphasis was on participants’ attitudes, beliefs and perceptions (Kalka, 2003). The goals of the research were to examine identity perceptions of students of the Beta Israel community, as they are exposed to bilingual literary works in Hebrew and Amharic. Findings The main findings revealed that they referred to two major types of identity: one type is an unreconciled identity, characterized by defiance, which seeks to minimize the visibility of one’s ethnic group within the main culture and tries to adopt the hegemonic identity, whereas the other type of identity contains the original ethnic identity and – in contrast to the first type – tries to reconcile it with the hegemonic culture. Research limitations/implications This paper has shed light on an important subject and it would be worthwhile to continue the study using other methodologies. Practical implications This paper contributes to the structuring of a cultural code that serves to organize social meaning and establish individuals’ identity. Social implications This awareness enriches the basis of their own values and allows them to enrich their attitude to their future pupils, for example, to recognize the value of local culture versus that of the immigrants’ place of origin, and to develop an understanding and acceptance of the diversity in the classroom. As they take part in building a multicultural Israeli education framework, dealing with identity patterns is also the key to their own integration in society. Originality/value The originality of the study lies in the usage of two new concepts – unreconciled and reconciled – as referring to the immigrants’ identities.
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Felix, Bruno. "Analyzing the formation of a paradoxical organizational identity." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 28, no. 6 (March 7, 2020): 1227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-08-2019-1849.
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Purpose This study aims to understand the construction process of an organizational identity in a hybrid organization. Design/methodology/approach The author developed a single case study based on in-depth interviews, non-participant observations and document analysis in a credit cooperative. Findings After periods of changes in organizational identity (from idealism to pragmatism), the formation of a paradoxical organizational identity was observed in which the core value became a central polarity between idealism and pragmatism; after periods when members engaged in actions that promoted resistance or change, they framed past events in a story of stable dynamics between idealism and pragmatism; and pro-distinctiveness and -similarity forces in relation to other organizations were reconciled in a quest for optimal distinctiveness that simultaneously enabled the development of uniqueness and adequacy. Originality/value This is the first study to adopt a paradox perspective to analyze the identity of a cooperative.
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Friston, Karl J. "The labile brain. III. Transients and spatio–temporal receptive fields." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1394 (February 29, 2000): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0562.
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In this paper we consider an approach to neuronal transients that is predicated on the information they contain. This perspective is provided by information theory, in particular the principle of maximum information transfer. It is illustrated here in application to visually evoked neuronal transients. The receptive fields that ensue concur with those observed in the real brain, predicting, almost exactly, functional segregation of the sort seen in the visual system. This information theoretical perspective can be reconciled with a selectionist stance by noting that a high mutual information among neuronal systems and the environment has, itself, adaptive value and will be subject to selective pressure, at any level one cares to consider.
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Feniuk, Claire, Andrew Balmford, and Rhys E. Green. "Land sparing to make space for species dependent on natural habitats and high nature value farmland." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1909 (August 28, 2019): 20191483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1483.
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Empirical evidence from four continents indicates that human food demand may be best reconciled with biodiversity conservation through sparing natural habitats by boosting agricultural yields. This runs counter to the conservation paradigm of wildlife-friendly farming, which is influential in Europe, where many species are dependent on low-yielding high nature value farmland threatened by both intensification and abandonment. In the first multi-taxon population-level test of land-sparing theory in Europe, we quantified how population densities of 175 bird and sedge species varied with farm yield across 26 squares (each with an area of 1 km 2 ) in eastern Poland. We discovered that, as in previous studies elsewhere, simple land sparing, with only natural habitats on spared land, markedly out-performed land sharing in its effect on region-wide projected population sizes. However, a novel ‘three-compartment’ land-sparing approach, in which about one-third of spared land is assigned to very low-yield agriculture and the remainder to natural habitats, resulted in least-reduced projected future populations for more species. Implementing the three-compartment model would require significant reorganization of current subsidy regimes, but would mean high-yield farming could release sufficient land for species dependent on both natural and high nature value farmland to persist.
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Einhorn, Talia. "Israeli Law, Jewish Law and the Archaeological Excavation of Tombs." International Journal of Cultural Property 6, no. 1 (January 1997): 47–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739197000052.
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SummaryThe author discusses the conflict in Israel between the public interest in archaeological research and the religious convictions that human remains, once buried, should not be touched. The conflict is exacerbated by urban development, which, in this ancient land, necessitates rescue excavations of tombs, thus bringing the problem to a head. The article examines, first, the rules of Jewish law, which, the author contends, have made it possible to accommodate the interests of the living, and, secondly, the scientific value of the archaeological excavation of tombs, using recent examples as illustrations. The author concludes that Jewish law could be interpreted and applied more flexibly and could then be reconciled with Israeli law. However, even if such a development were not to take place, then, in keeping with democratic values, government officials and the courts would be required to follow the policies established by the legislator, a balance between the conflicting interests having already been embodied in the law.
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Scherbaum, Frank, Nicolas M. Kuehn, Matthias Ohrnberger, and Andreas Koehler. "Exploring the Proximity of Ground-Motion Models Using High-Dimensional Visualization Techniques." Earthquake Spectra 26, no. 4 (November 2010): 1117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3478697.
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Logic trees have become a popular tool to capture epistemic uncertainties in seismic hazard analysis. They are commonly used by assigning weights to models on a purely descriptive basis (nominal scale). This invites the creation of unintended inconsistencies regarding the weights on the corresponding hazard curves. On the other hand, for human experts it is difficult to confidently express degrees-of-beliefs in particular numerical values. Here we demonstrate for ground-motion models how the model and the value-based perspectives can be partially reconciled by using high-dimensional information-visualization techniques. For this purpose we use Sammon's (1969) mapping and self-organizing mapping to project ground-motion models onto a two-dimensional map (an ordered metric set). Here they can be evaluated jointly according to their proximity in predicting similar ground motions, potentially making the assignment of logic tree weights consistent with their ground motion characteristics without having to abandon the model-based perspective.
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JONES, KENT. "The WTO core agreement, non-trade issues and institutional integrity." World Trade Review 1, no. 3 (November 2002): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745602001271.
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WTO member countries understand the core agreement of the organization to consist of binding reciprocal market access achieved through multilateral negotiation, and supported by a system of trade policy rules and dispute settlement. Attempts to introduce social chapters into the WTO would compromise the core agreement. Specifically, authorizing the use of trade sanctions to pursue non-trade goals would diminish the value of the WTO to its members, and undermine the global trading system. WTO agreements and rules can be reconciled with environmental goals, the improvement of labor standards and the promotion of human rights through the development and strengthening of international institutions dedicated to these issues. Efforts by governments to promote new global institutions and international agreements would thereby remove political barriers to trade liberalization.
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Edalati, M. Taghi, Timothy Banks, and Edwin Budding. "Photometric Analysis of Wide and Narrow Hα Band Observations of R Canis Majoris." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 151 (1992): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090012234x.
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Wide and narrow Hα lightcurves of R CMa were analysed using Wilson-Devinney (WD) and Information Limit Optimisation Technique (ILOT) approaches. A range of mass ratios, tested by both methods, led to an optimal estimate of around 0.45, at variance with the spectroscopic value. The distortion on the light curve affects the modelling, and so, in a second fitting, this was represented by a ‘hot spot’, associated with mass transfer effects. A semi-detached configuration was then derived. This is supported by the form of the Hα index variation, which has also been modelled. Although thus appearing as a ‘classical Algol’ system, R CMa retains its inherent peculiarity of low mass ratio with low period, which cannot be reconciled with conservative evolution scenarios.
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Nie, Chun Ge, Wen Zhong Zhao, and Yue Dong Wang. "Shear Strength and Failure Angle Analysis of Fillet Welds Based on Structural Stress Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (August 2013): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.52.
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With conventional shear stress formula given in AWS B4.0, huge difference of strength between longitudinal and transverse fillet welds exists, and different failure angle of two type welds could not be interpreted. In this paper, a mesh-insensitive structural stress based shear strength definition is presented for correlating weldment test data obtained from longitudinal and transverse fillet welds in literature. Finite element model were created according to the geometry of specimens, and shear stress at different cut plane of weld were calculated. Failure angle could be interpreted reasonably for two type fillet welds, and discrepancies in shear strength between transverse and longitudinal shear tests can now be reconciled, resulting in a single shear strength value regardless of specimen types and loading conditions with this proposed approach.
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Riback, Joshua A., Micayla A. Bowman, Adam M. Zmyslowski, Kevin W. Plaxco, Patricia L. Clark, and Tobin R. Sosnick. "Commonly used FRET fluorophores promote collapse of an otherwise disordered protein." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 18 (April 16, 2019): 8889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813038116.
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The dimensions that unfolded proteins, including intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), adopt in the absence of denaturant remain controversial. We developed an analysis procedure for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) profiles and used it to demonstrate that even relatively hydrophobic IDPs remain nearly as expanded in water as they are in high denaturant concentrations. In contrast, as demonstrated here, most fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements have indicated that relatively hydrophobic IDPs contract significantly in the absence of denaturant. We use two independent approaches to further explore this controversy. First, using SAXS we show that fluorophores employed in FRET can contribute to the observed discrepancy. Specifically, we find that addition of Alexa-488 to a normally expanded IDP causes contraction by an additional 15%, a value in reasonable accord with the contraction reported in FRET-based studies. Second, using our simulations and analysis procedure to accurately extract both the radius of gyration (Rg) and end-to-end distance (Ree) from SAXS profiles, we tested the recent suggestion that FRET and SAXS results can be reconciled if the Rg and Ree are “uncoupled” (i.e., no longer simply proportional), in contrast to the case for random walk homopolymers. We find, however, that even for unfolded proteins, these two measures of unfolded state dimensions remain proportional. Together, these results suggest that improved analysis procedures and a correction for significant, fluorophore-driven interactions are sufficient to reconcile prior SAXS and FRET studies, thus providing a unified picture of the nature of unfolded polypeptide chains in the absence of denaturant.
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Goerlich, Francisco J. "A municipal database from the 2011 Spanish census." Applied Economic Analysis 27, no. 81 (December 2, 2019): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aea-07-2019-0013.
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Purpose The paper aims to describe the process to obtain a complete municipal database from the 2011 Spanish Census information. By complete, the authors mean variables for the full sample of the 8,116 municipalities as of the census reference date. In addition, the database should be consistent with the public census information released by the National Statistical Institute: microdata and customized tables. Design/methodology/approach The authors use mainly small area demographic and synthetic estimators that are reconciled using biproportional adjustment (iterative proportional fitting), when needed. Findings As a result, the authors obtain a complete and consistent municipal database composing 55 variables related to socio-demographic characteristics of persons. Originality/value The provision of a complete and consistent municipal database, available for download, which is absent in the original 2011 Spanish Census.
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Chiba, M., and Y. Yoshii. "Do Lensing Statistics Rule out a Cosmological Constant?" Symposium - International Astronomical Union 183 (1999): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900132103.
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We present new calculations of the gravitational lensing statistics following recent revised knowledge of the luminosity function and internal velocity dispersion of E/S0 galaxies which work as effective lenses for background high-redshift QSOs. We show that the theoretical prediction of the lensing statistics is much smaller than previously expected. In sharp contrast with the earlier statistics supporting an Ω0 = 1 universe, the reported small lensing probability from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) snapshot lens survey is in best agreement with a low-density, flat universe with Ω0 ≃ 0.2 and Ω0 + λ0 = 1. The age of this universe, combined with the HST measurement of a high value of the Hubble constant H0, can be reconciled with the age of the oldest globular clusters in the Milky Way (ApJ, 1997, Vol. 489, in press).
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Stoljar, Natalie. "Relational Autonomy and Perfectionism." Moral Philosophy and Politics 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2016-0038.
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Abstract Joseph Raz’s The Morality of Freedom (1986) is well known for defending both a perfectionist form of liberalism and an ‘externalist’ conception of autonomy. John Christman proposes that there is a logical connection between the two theses and argues that externalist accounts of autonomy should be rejected on the basis that they are perfectionist. Christman’s perfectionism argument contains two premises: (i) externalist theories of autonomy entail political perfectionism and (ii) political perfectionism is not defensible. I argue that neither premise is true. Externalist theories of autonomy do not entail political perfectionism. Further, even assuming for the sake of argument that premise (i) is true, premise (ii) is false. The strongest challenge to political perfectionism is that it is incompatible with the value of respect. I argue that those defending political perfectionism misconstrue what is required for respect. Once we see that respect is secured through features inherent in processes, the value of respect can be reconciled with political perfectionism. Political perfectionism is a defensible thesis and premise (ii) is false.
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Mathews, Freya. "Environmental struggles in Aboriginal homelands: Indigenizing conservation in Australia." Journal of Human Rights and the Environment 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2021.01.03.
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Many large remaining areas of high conservation value currently lie within Indigenous homelands. The attempts of conservationists to protect such areas from industrial development sometimes come into conflict with the contrary wish of Indigenous populations to benefit from such development. How, in such cases, can the claims of Earth communities to ecological justice be reconciled with those of Traditional Owner communities to Indigenous justice? The dilemma is here examined via a case study, that of a proposed natural gas installation at James Price Point in the far north of Western Australia. It is argued that resolution of the dilemma may require a significant re-visioning of conservation: environmentalists might need to concede to Aboriginal communities the moral ownership of conservation per se, at least in so far as it applies to Aboriginal homelands, and perhaps more widely.
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Mesa-Vázquez, Ernesto, Juan F. Velasco-Muñoz, José A. Aznar-Sánchez, and Belén López-Felices. "Three Decades of Behavioural Economics in Agriculture. An Overview of Global Research." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 10244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810244.
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Over the last three decades, behavioural economics has been gaining ground in the research on a wide range of agriculture-related themes. This is due to the diversity of the agents involved in the production systems and the agro-food value chains in which opposing interests must be reconciled. The main objective of this study is to examine the dynamics of the research on the application of behavioural economics in agriculture across the world. To do this, a bibliometric analysis has been carried out through a literature review of the period between 1991 and 2020. The results of the study show that the use of behavioural economics has increased in the research on agriculture, particularly over the last five years. The application of behavioural economics in agriculture has focused on analysing consumers, producers, management, marketing, development, environmental issues, climate change, food and health.
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Mehdipour, Masoumeh, Hamed Mortazavi, Ayla Bahramian, Niloofar Haghighi Enayat, and Saranaz AzariMarhabi. "The Viewpoints of Last-Year Dentistry Students of Shahid Beheshti University on the Application of Lasers as an Independent Credit in the Education of General Dentistry." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 15, 2020): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2020.32.
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Introduction: Enhancing students’ pragmatic skills as an enabling means brings about changes in their curriculum, which should be reconciled with the students’ educational needs. Thus, this study seeks to examine the viewpoints of last-year dentistry students on the need for the instruction of laser application as an independent credit in the general dentistry curriculum. The findings of this study can help determine the educational priorities of students while providing and compiling their curriculum. Methods: This descriptive study was done on 91 last-year dentistry students of Shahid Beheshti University in a full census manner. The data collection tool was a fieldwork questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were evaluated. To report the findings, frequency distribution, frequency percentage, and average tableaux were utilized. Results: Amongst the 91 participants, regarding the average figures of value assignment from 1 to 10 to respond to questions, the highest value was assigned to learning the side effects of lasers (7.99 ± 0.01) and the lowest value was assigned to learning about the history of lasers and light physics (4.53 ± 0.47). Conclusion: The findings indicate that students have a positive attitude toward the incorporation of an independent laser credit in their curriculum and thus the necessity of incorporating this credit in their curriculum can be posed.
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Booge, Dennis, Christa A. Marandino, Cathleen Schlundt, Paul I. Palmer, Michael Schlundt, Elliot L. Atlas, Astrid Bracher, Eric S. Saltzman, and Douglas W. R. Wallace. "Can simple models predict large-scale surface ocean isoprene concentrations?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 18 (September 22, 2016): 11807–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11807-2016.
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Abstract. We use isoprene and related field measurements from three different ocean data sets together with remotely sensed satellite data to model global marine isoprene emissions. We show that using monthly mean satellite-derived chl a concentrations to parameterize isoprene with a constant chl a normalized isoprene production rate underpredicts the measured oceanic isoprene concentration by a mean factor of 19 ± 12. Improving the model by using phytoplankton functional type dependent production values and by decreasing the bacterial degradation rate of isoprene in the water column results in only a slight underestimation (factor 1.7 ± 1.2). We calculate global isoprene emissions of 0.21 Tg C for 2014 using this improved model, which is twice the value calculated using the original model. Nonetheless, the sea-to-air fluxes have to be at least 1 order of magnitude higher to account for measured atmospheric isoprene mixing ratios. These findings suggest that there is at least one missing oceanic source of isoprene and, possibly, other unknown factors in the ocean or atmosphere influencing the atmospheric values. The discrepancy between calculated fluxes and atmospheric observations must be reconciled in order to fully understand the importance of marine-derived isoprene as a precursor to remote marine boundary layer particle formation.
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Bachrach, Ran, Jack Dvorkin, and Amos M. Nur. "Seismic velocities and Poisson’s ratio of shallow unconsolidated sands." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 2 (March 2000): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444751.
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We determined P- and S-wave velocity depth profiles in shallow, unconsolidated beach sand by analyzing three‐component surface seismic data. P- and S-wave velocity profiles were calculated from traveltime measurements of vertical and tangential component seismograms, respectively. The results reveal two discrepancies between theory and data. Whereas both velocities were found to be proportional to the pressure raised to the power of 1/6, as predicted by the Hertz‐Mindlin contact theory, the actual values of the velocities are less than half of those calculated from this theory. We attribute this discrepancy to the angularity of the sand grains. Assuming that the average radii of curvature at the grain contacts are smaller than the average radii of the grains, we modify the Hertz‐Mindlin theory accordingly. We found that the ratio of the contact radius to the grain radius is about 0.086. The second disparity is between the observed Poisson’s ratio of 0.15 and the theoretical value (0.008 for random pack of quartz spheres). This discrepancy can be reconciled by assuming slip at the grain contacts. Because slip decreases the shearing between grains, Poisson’s ratio increases.
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Nwankwo, Chidebe Matthew, and Collins Chikodili Ajibo. "Liberalizing Regional Trade Regimes Through AfCFTA: Challenges and Opportunities." Journal of African Law 64, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855320000194.
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AbstractThe ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) marked a landmark event in the quest to achieve intra-African free trade. AfCFTA is poised to represent the largest free trade area outside the World Trade Organization. Although AfCFTA aspires to liberalize intra-African trade in goods and services to foster socio-economic development, there are concerns that capacity constraints may stultify the underlying goals. AfCFTA is expected to build on the considerable successes already achieved by Africa's regional economic communities. However, it fails to clarify how the overlapping regimes will be reconciled and harmonized. Nevertheless, the agreement is laudable for its quest to facilitate intra-African trade, foster regional value chains that can facilitate integration into the global economy, and energize industrialization, competitiveness and innovation. This article examines the celebrated AfCFTA to understand its potential amid local realities and the possible implications for the multilateral trading system.
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Bolay, Matthieu. "Fabricating the Integrity of Gold in Refineries." TSANTSA – Journal of the Swiss Anthropological Association 26 (June 30, 2021): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/tsantsa.2021.26.7124.
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Gold refineries are under pressure to revise their understanding of “integrity” beyond the physical cohesion of gold products, in order to integrate supply chain due diligence on human rights, labour conditions, and conflict financing as part of what can be coined the ethical integrity of gold. This article interrogates how processes of erasure, through material purification in the refining process, and disclosure, through certification against “responsible” standards, are reconciled within one expanded notion of integrity. By paying specific attention to processes of digitizing gold in this endeavour, it argues that, while limited in its role as a transparency device, digitization fosters new uses of gold, making it more liquid, more rapidly tradable, and potentially more speculative. These digital fetishes open new fields of value, not out of the gold itself but out of its traces, in which, paradoxically, artisanal ground producers selling physical gold remain poorly included so far.
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Shamsudduha, Mohammad, and Richard G. Taylor. "Groundwater storage dynamics in the world's large aquifer systems from GRACE: uncertainty and role of extreme precipitation." Earth System Dynamics 11, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 755–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-755-2020.
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Abstract. Under variable and changing climates groundwater storage sustains vital ecosystems and enables freshwater withdrawals globally for agriculture, drinking water, and industry. Here, we assess recent changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS) from 2002 to 2016 in 37 of the world's large aquifer systems using an ensemble of datasets from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and land surface models (LSMs). Ensemble GRACE-derived ΔGWS is well reconciled to in situ observations (r=0.62–0.86, p value <0.001) for two tropical basins with regional piezometric networks and contrasting climate regimes. Trends in GRACE-derived ΔGWS are overwhelmingly non-linear; indeed, linear declining trends adequately (R2>0.5, p value <0.001) explain variability in only two aquifer systems. Non-linearity in ΔGWS derives, in part, from the episodic nature of groundwater replenishment associated with extreme annual (>90th percentile, 1901–2016) precipitation and is inconsistent with prevailing narratives of global-scale groundwater depletion at the scale of the GRACE footprint (∼200 000 km2). Substantial uncertainty remains in estimates of GRACE-derived ΔGWS, evident from 20 realisations presented here, but these data provide a regional context to changes in groundwater storage observed more locally through piezometry.
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Scislaw, Kenneth E., and David G. McMillan. "Portfolio constituency rules and the value premium in the small-cap space." Managerial Finance 41, no. 5 (May 11, 2015): 418–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-02-2014-0035.
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Purpose – Market-based value style equity portfolios do not systematically outperform market-based growth style equity portfolios, despite considerable academic research that suggests that they should. This is an unresolved puzzle in the long lineage of work on this topic. The purpose of this paper is to question whether portfolio constituency rules employed by active growth and value equity investment managers might explain this puzzle. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the traditional research design and methodology of Fama and French (1993) to ensure comparability of results to prior research. Further, the authors adapt the return decomposition method of Keim (1999) to specifically answer the question in the research. Findings – The authors find that restrictive constituency rules that omit the smallest, most illiquid stocks improve the performance of both value and growth stock portfolios. However, the authors find the impact of constituency rule restrictions on portfolio returns to be asymmetric with respect to value and growth in the small-cap investment space. Growth portfolios benefit from these changes more than value portfolios. Consistent with prior research, the authors find that value and growth style portfolios constructed from more liquid equities to be void of a statistically significant value-minus-growth return premium. The authors suggest these results might go a long way in explaining why market-based growth fund returns generally equal those of their value fund counterparts over time. Originality/value – The research question central to the research, the value equity premium, has been investigated by researchers around the world over the last 20 years. The 20 year lineage of global published research on the value equity premium does, however, contain several unresolved questions. The paper specifically asks why the premium, long observed in global equity market returns, does not appear in market-based passive or active equity portfolios. This puzzle exists at the heart of the origins of the return premium itself and has serious implications for investment practitioners. If the matter cannot be reconciled, then market participants might rightly view the entire 20 year lineage of published research as irrelevant. The paper is one of few that has now extended the long lineage of research to its application in real markets.
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Newey, Glen. "Metaphysics Postponed: Liberalism, Pluralism, and Neutrality." Political Studies 45, no. 2 (June 1997): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00082.
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Many recent liberal theorists have argued that state neutrality is supported by a metaphysical thesis about value, namely pluralism, which asserts that there are some conceptions of the good life which neither form a hierarchy nor represent versions of a single good. It is however doubtful whether neutrality is supported by pluralism; indeed, it may in some cases be precluded by it. Arguments for pluralism can, in many cases, be reconciled with a monistic metaphysics of value, and pluralism itself fails to support neutrality. This is particularly true of traditional liberal policy positions such as religious toleration and opposition to censorship, where attention to diverse conceptions of the good may favour, or demand, non-neutral policies. The political problems which neutrality addresses arise before we accept the metaphysical ‘truth’ of pluralism, and often remain even if the parties to a political conflict have false conceptions of value. A sharp question for the pluralist neutralist is why conflicting conceptions of the political cannot themselves feature in plural conceptions of the good life. Dispensing with pluralism may not, however, be enough to rescue neutrality, since the disputes which neutrality was designed to deal with may not be resolvable neutrally; and more particularly, some of the traditional liberal policies may be incapable of neutral justification. If so, liberals may find a more traditional form of non-neutral liberalism more attractive.
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Fang, Tony, Rosalie L. Tung, Linda Berg, and Nazanin Nematshahi. "Parachuting internationalization: a study of four Scandinavian firms entering China." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 24, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 554–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-02-2016-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a “parachuting internationalization” metaphor as an alternative strategy that firms may choose to enter foreign markets compared to Uppsala Model and Born Global Model. This proposed new metaphor seeks to integrate the Uppsala and the Born Global Models to show that firms can attain success in the age of globalization if they are adept at devising creative strategies that help them overcome the challenges in a psychically distant environment. Design/methodology/approach This is a research paper that develops theoretical perspectives inspired by the Yin Yang thinking as well as the “thick descriptive” multiple case studies. Findings “Parachuting internationalization” embraces essential elements of the Born Global and the Uppsala Models and refers to a firm’s strategic targeting of markets with great potentials, correct positioning, swift actions, and fast learning, thus enabling the firm to circumvent the conventional wisdom of liability of foreignness, cultural distance, and psychic distance. “Parachuting internationalization” is essentially a GLOCAL approach which can be implemented in practice in terms of global vision, location, opportunity, capital, accelerated cultural learning and quick action, and logistics. Research limitations/implications The “parachuting internationalization” metaphor is derived from interviews with four Scandinavian firms’ experiences that have entered into the Chinese market. This research reveals that two seemingly opposite approaches, i.e., the Born Global and the Uppsala Models, can be fruitfully combined and reconciled to generate a third novel approach. Originality/value To date, there has been little attempt to reconcile and/or integrate the Born Global and the Uppsala Models of internationalization. The paper enriches the ongoing debate on the internationalization of firms in the international business literature that has relied primarily on the Uppsala Model or Born Global Model. The study shows that a third way, i.e. the “parachuting internationalization” is both theoretically innovative and practically feasible.
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PALMER, MARTHA, HOA TRANG DANG, and CHRISTIANE FELLBAUM. "Making fine-grained and coarse-grained sense distinctions, both manually and automatically." Natural Language Engineering 13, no. 2 (July 12, 2006): 137–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135132490500402x.
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In this paper we discuss a persistent problem arising from polysemy: namely the difficulty of finding consistent criteria for making fine-grained sense distinctions, either manually or automatically. We investigate sources of human annotator disagreements stemming from the tagging for the English Verb Lexical Sample Task in the SENSEVAL-2 exercise in automatic Word Sense Disambiguation. We also examine errors made by a high-performing maximum entropy Word Sense Disambiguation system we developed. Both sets of errors are at least partially reconciled by a more coarse-grained view of the senses, and we present the groupings we use for quantitative coarse-grained evaluation as well as the process by which they were created. We compare the system's performance with our human annotator performance in light of both fine-grained and coarse-grained sense distinctions and show that well-defined sense groups can be of value in improving word sense disambiguation by both humans and machines.