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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reconciliation and Trust Scale'
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Goldie, Miranda Mae. "Infidelity and Forgiveness: Therapists' Views on Reconciliation and Restoration of Trust Following Disclosure of Infidelity." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3834.
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Infidelity is one of the most prevalent presenting problems in relational therapy. There are many conceptualizations of the healing process following infidelity and suggested interventions and treatment plans. Forgiveness is an essential part of relationship growth and healing interpersonal hurts. Reconciliation is relationship repair that can accompany forgiveness. In addition, restoring trust is essential to reconciliation. Means to accomplish rebuilding trust must be established. This study seeks to expand understanding of the treatment of infidelity specifically on the topics of forgiveness, reconciliation, and restoration of trust through disclosure. The Forgiveness vs. Reconciliation and Trust Scale (FvRTS) was developed as a measure for therapists' views and perception concerning these three topics. Through statistical analysis of the FvRTS, which was administered to relational therapists, this study investigates the views and opinions held by therapists concerning the relationship between reconciliation and forgiveness and the role of disclosure, both initial and ongoing, in restoring trust following infidelity. Therapists conveyed the view that reconciliation is not required for forgiveness. However, in their practice they encourage reconciliation following an affair. Results indicated that therapists perceive initial disclosure as having immediate negative impacts. But overall, therapists expressed a strong view that both initial and ongoing disclosure have a positive long term impact on relational healing.
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Reisman, Kimberly Dunnam. "Restorative witness : evangelism and reconciliation : a Wesleyan theological exploration." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4431/.
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In an age marked by declining trust, cultural divisiveness and secularism, Restorative Witness offers a theological stance to undergird evangelism by using the lens of reconciliation. Drawing on the work of Miroslav Volf, Restorative Witness offers a theological exploration of evangelism, including an examination of the current climate of Western culture regarding issues of trust, mistrust and distrust; a historical overview of factors leading to the present situation; and observations regarding current difficulties facing the church in the arena of evangelism and reasons for those difficulties. The exploration uses theological resources in the areas of evangelism, biblical studies and systematics to offer a new theological disposition from which to engage evangelistic efforts. Firmly grounded in the biblical events of creation, the incarnation, the crucifixion, the resurrection, the ascension, Pentecost, and new creation, this theological stance takes seriously understandings of ecclesiology and the kingdom of God with the goal of restoring strength, integrity and power to Christian witness in an age of mistrust and divisiveness.
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Stovel, Laura. "Long road home: building reconciliation and trust in post-war Sierra Leone /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2621.
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Carrington, Karen. "Toward the development of a new multidimensional trust scale." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/30016.
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This thesis comprises three main sections: a literature review, research report, and a critical appraisal of the research process. The literature reviewed is the existing research relating to trust as a construct. An attempt is made to clarify the conceptual confusion that exists in the area, by suggesting a comprehensive definition of what is meant by the term trust for the purposes of both the current study and future research. The importance of trust in relation to mental health and therapeutic relationships is discussed. Current measures of the construct are critically examined, and the ‘scientist’ versus ‘humanist’ divide is explored. It is concluded that a new multidimensional trust measure is required to further research efforts in the area. The aim of the research project was to develop a trust measure to form a part of a larger endeavour to operationalise the concept of mental health via key set of basic human emotions and responses. The research reported in Section 2 consists of a Pilot Test, Main Study, and follow up validation study of a new multidimensional measure of trust. Three bases of trust were hypothesised and tested. These were: self trust, interpersonal trust, and environmental trust (that is, trust in wider social, cultural, or political context). A new measure was constructed and validity tested using an inductive approach, and the relationship between trust and trait anxiety was also examined. The results supported the hypothesis that trust is a multidimensional construct, and demonstrated a strong relationship between trust and trait anxiety. It is hoped that this work will rekindle research interest in this important area. The final section is the researcher’s critical appraisal of the research process based on her personal research diary. It is a reflective piece that examines the impact of the research on the researcher (and vice versa) and the critical events in the research process.
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Myers, Elissa. "Social-psychological aspects of intergroup conflict and reconciliation in Northern Ireland : The role of trust and forgiveness." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491539.
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This thesis aimed to investigate the concepts oftrust and forgiveness, in the context of post-conflict reconciliation in Northern Ireland. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the historical background ofthe conflict in Northern Ireland, the current situation in terms of the divided relationship between the Catholic and Protestant communities and argues that reconciliation initiatives need to encompass social, psychological and emotional aspects of the conflict. Chapter 2 outlines the theoretical framework for the empirical research in the following chapters. Social-psychological theories of conflict are discussed, with particular emphasis on the social identity perspective. These theories are then applied to the conflict, intergroup relations and reconciliation in Northern Ireland. The concepts oftrust and forgiveness are defined and conceptualised from this theoretical background. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 present empirical research which investigates aspects of trust and forgiveness in the context ofNorthern Ireland. Studies 1 and 2 examined the evaluation of the extension oftrust and distrust to the outgroup, in relation to level ofthreat to one's community and strength of group identification. The findings from Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that group identification is a predictor of evaluations of the extension of trust or distrust toward the outgroup under high! low threat; the extension of distrust toward the outgroup elicited a greater negative evaluation in terms of damage to intergroup relations than the extension of trust. Study 3 investigated the mediating role of group-level forgiveness and guilt in the relationship between victirnhood, exposure to violence and group identity, on the one hand, and mild psychiatric morbidity on the other. Results from Study 3 suggest that forgiveness and guilt can act as mediators in the relationship between impact of ethno-political conflict and mental health, at the group-level. Studies 4, 5 and 6 investigated the mediators o(the relationship between cross-community contact (in the form of cross-group friendship) and ingroup identification on the one hand, and intergroup forgiveness and outgroup trust on the other. Together results from these studies showed that collective guilt, perspective-taking and empathic affect mediate the relationship between cross-group friendship and group identification on the one hand, and intergroup forgiveness and outgroup trust, on the other. Together, the findings from this thesis further our knowledge of the concepts of trust and forgiveness in the context ofconflict and reconciliation in Northern Ireland. Extensions of distrust to the outgroup were evaluated as damaging to intergroup relations between the two communities. Forgiveness was found to mediate the relationship between exposure to the conflict and well-being. Crossgroup friendship, group identification, collective guilt, perspective-taking and empathic affect were found to be important predictors and mediators of outgroup trust and intergroup forgiveness. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings for intergroup relations are discussed, along with directions for future research in this area.
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Simpson, Lucy Anne. "The development and validation of the 'Trust in A-levels' scale." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702421.
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Contemporary societies are thought be characterised by a 'culture of suspicion' or 'trust malaise' - citizens are thought to be less trusting of institutions, office-holders and professions. This trend is of particular concern in relation to examinations, because examination results are a form of 'currency' and like all currencies they must be trusted by their users to hold any meaning within a social system. In England, the credibility of examinations has increasingly attracted the governments' attention. An independent watchdog of qualifications and examinations has been established, and research has been conducted into public perceptions of the reliability and validity of examinations. Whilst such research overlaps into the conceptual domain of trust, trust in examinations remains an elusive concept. This study describes the development and validation of a 20-item measure of trust in A-levels. A deductive approach to scale development was taken; meaning the construct and the scale developed simultaneously. Five stages of test construction and validation were undertaken. In stage one, six focus groups were convened with stakeholders to gain insights into the meaning of trust in the context of A-levels. In stage two, an initial item pool was reviewed by a panel of experts. In stage three, the trust-items were piloted at a sixth-form college and a tentative scale constructed. In stage four, the measurement invariance of the scale was tested. In the final stage, the temporal reliability of the scale was established. The Trust in A-levels scale displayed high internal consistency, and evidence of validity at different stages of the scale development process. Respondents also appeared to respond consistently to the scale overtime. Unfortunately, the scale did not display evidence of measurement invariance. Further research is needed to establish whether stakeholders interpret the construct trust in A-levels differently, or whether the findings were influenced by the sample composition and formatting effects.
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Alarcón-Henríquez, Alejandra, Laurent Licata, Christophe Leys, der Linden Nicolas Van, Olivier Klein, and Aurélie Mercy. "Recognition of shared past sufferings, trust and improving intergroup attitudes in Belgium." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102151.
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This article examines the role of intergroup trust and recognition of past sufferings onintergroup attitudes. We conducted an experiment among Dutch-speaking students in which we manipulated the degree of importance that French-speakers gave to historical episodes of past victimizations in order to test its impact on the attitudes towards the French-speakers. Results show that intergroup attitudes were most favorable among the high-trusting Dutch-speaking participants when they were led to believe that the French- speakers judged important the events where both communities were considered as victims, compared to the conditions where only French-speaking or only Dutch-speaking sufferings were considered important. This suggests some level of intergroup trust is a condition forthe positive effect of shared memories of victimization on attitudes.Este artículo examina el rol de la confianza intergrupal y el reconocimiento del sufrimiento pasado en las relaciones intergrupales. Un experimento con estudiantes belgas flamencos manipuló la importancia que belgas francófonos otorgaban a episodios del pasado de victimización para contrastar su impacto en las actitudes hacia los francófonos. Los resultado smostraron que las actitudes intergrupales eran más favorables en los belgas flamencos con alta confianza intergrupal cuando se les presentaba información que los francófonos juzgaban como importantes los sufrimientos de ambos comunidades, en comparación cuando la información solo enfatizaba el sufrimiento de los flamencos o de los francófonos. Estosugiere que un nivel de confianza intergrupo es necesario para que memorias compartidas de sufrimiento mejoren las actitudes.
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Brundage, David. "'Hot shoes' : a novel (selections and summaries and a critical paper) ; Canadian truth and reconciliation : settler-invader, damage, and trust." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2016. http://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/701/.
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“Canadian Truth and Reconciliation: Settler-invader, Damage, and Trust” My story of Murphy and The Blue Gold ocean liner transporting non-Aboriginal people of the former Canada back to their nations of ancestry responds to contemporary Canada entering a new era of truth and reconciliation, recognizing acts of cultural genocide and persisting racism. Non-Aboriginal fiction on the damaged relationship to date has gone only so far in using accountability as catalyst and guide for a newly imagined vision of distinct peoples in a shared land. Historically, the relationship shifted from separate worlds to trade and military alliances to a colonial push toward both apartheid and assimilation. World views differed greatly. Although the Aboriginal view promised more for future harmony and environmental health, the encroaching non-Aboriginal view with its stress on colonialism, “progress” and consumption took command. Two segregated streams of literature developed, the non-Aboriginal one dominant. The myth of the “vanishing Indian” presided. Seven categories of non-Aboriginal fiction that skirts or deals in some partial way with the damaged relationship can be defined; the vanishing or vanished Indian myth generally pervades seven of these and troubles the eighth. Murphy’s story, on the other hand, asserts that Indigenous people and cultures are absolutely still here and will be long into the future. The rest of us just haven’t really seen them. If we do, we may begin to work more effectively toward the welfare of an endangered planet. As an artist who travels to an “exotic” new world (2172) where he encounters Aboriginal people, Murphy evokes the figure of the frontier artist Paul Kane, and the question arises: will he apply his art in the old colonial way or will he vie for something new that recognizes our second chance at a relationship.
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Eason, John P. "A Trust Region Filter Algorithm for Surrogate-based Optimization." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1145.
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Modern nonlinear programming solvers can efficiently handle very large scale optimization problems when accurate derivative information is available. However, black box or derivative free modeling components are often unavoidable in practice when the modeled phenomena may cross length and time scales. This work is motivated by examples in chemical process optimization where most unit operations have well-known equation oriented representations, but some portion of the model (e.g. a complex reactor model) may only be available with an external function call. The concept of a surrogate model is frequently used to solve this type of problem. A surrogate model is an equation oriented approximation of the black box that allows traditional derivative based optimization to be applied directly. However, optimization tends to exploit approximation errors in the surrogate model leading to inaccurate solutions and repeated rebuilding of the surrogate model. Even if the surrogate model is perfectly accurate at the solution, this only guarantees that the original problem is feasible. Since optimality conditions require gradient information, a higher degree of accuracy is required. In this work, we consider the general problem of hybrid glass box/black box optimization, or gray box optimization, with focus on guaranteeing that a surrogate-based optimization strategy converges to optimal points of the original detailed model. We first propose an algorithm that combines ideas from SQP filter methods and derivative free trust region methods to solve this class of problems. The black box portion of the model is replaced by a sequence of surrogate models (i.e. surrogate models) in trust region subproblems. By carefully managing surrogate model construction, the algorithm is guaranteed to converge to true optimal solutions. Then, we discuss how this algorithm can be modified for effective application to practical problems. Performance is demonstrated on a test set of benchmarks as well as a set of case studies relating to chemical process optimization. In particular, application to the oxycombustion carbon capture power generation process leads to significant efficiency improvements. Finally, extensions of surrogate-based optimization to other contexts is explored through a case study with physical properties.
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Borman, Ipek. "Insecurity And Trust In Cyprus: Rethinking The Security Dilemma Within The Context Of The Cyprus Problem." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614999/index.pdf.
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This thesis rethinks the security dilemma within the context of the Cyprus problem. It analyzes and problematizes the established political discourses and societal insecurities in Cyprus. It basically contends that the Cyprus problem should be reconceptualized from a critical security perspective, utilizing the fatalist, mitigator and transcender logics of insecurity. In that regard, it advances the idea that the security paradox in Cyprus should be rethought with the aim of transcending it through reconciliation and trust-building. The thesis takes attention to the scope of human agency, both at the state and human society levels, in the processes of reconciliation and trust-building, and concludes that these processes are key in transforming the two communities in the island into a post-national and pluralistic community of Cyprus.
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Sartin, Marcus Clifton. "Exploratory Factor Analysis: The Significance of Trust in a Revised Principal Academic Optimism Scale." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78905.
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Principal Academic Optimism is an hypothesized latent construct that has strong theoretical foundations in both educational research and educational psychology. Academic Optimism derives from research on school academic optimism and teacher academic optimism, which originated via Hoys, Tarters, and Woolfolk Hoys (2006a; 2006b) merger of school climate research with research on learned optimism, stemming from Martin Seligmans (1998, 2006) research on positive psychology.
Principal Academic Optimism expands upon discoveries of School Academic Optimism and Teacher Academic Optimism. The theoretical framework of Principal Academic Optimism is built upon a strong research foundation of the organizational health model, social capital theory, social cognitive theory and positive psychology. The purpose of this research is to revise Riegel's (2012) Principal Academic Optimism Scale, thereby creating and testing a comprehensive measure of Principal Academic Optimism. The questionnaire used to accomplish this goal was a revised version of Riegel's Principal Academic Optimism Scale and Tschannen-Moran's and Gareis's (2004) Principal Trust Scale. By incorporating a measure for principal trust in faculty with a measure of principal trust in clients (parents and students), a more comprehensive measure of Principal Academic Optimism was validated and found reliable (α = 0.908).
Perhaps the most compelling finding of the study was the significant negative relationship between principals' perception of trust in clients whose schools have high percentages of students receiving free and reduced price lunches (r = -0.444; p < 0.05). Principals with high percentages of free and reduced price lunch rates explained 72.203% of the variance in principals' self-reported perception of trust in clients. Principals of schools with 61%-80% or 81%+ percentages of free and reduced price lunch rates reported lower levels of trust in clients (parents and students).Ed. D.
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du, Toit Marelise. "The influence of leader integrity on ethical leadership, interactional justice, leader trust and counterproductive work behaviour." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97846.
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Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015ENGLISH ABSTRACT :This study arose due to the costly and harmful effect that negative behaviours have on organisations and society alike. This study is therefore undertaken to understand the determinants of these negative behaviours as well as to identify constructs that can defer these types of behaviour. The aim of the study was to study the constructs that is expected to significantly affect the occurrence of counterproductive workplace behaviours (CWB) in South African organisations. Therefore the purpose was to investigate the relationship between leader integrity, ethical leadership, interactional justice, leader trust and CWB. A theoretical model was subsequently developed to explain the structural relationships between the latent variables and counterproductive behaviours. Propositions were formulated regarding the postulated relationships found between these variables in the literature study. These hypotheses were tested to determine the validity of these propositions to subsequently test the proposed structural model. The sample encompassed employees from four organisations in the Western Cape. The respondents completed the Leader Trust Scale (LTS), the Justice Scale, Leadership of Ethics Scale (LES), Ethical Integrity Test (EIT) and the Deviance Scale. The proposed hypotheses and structural model were empirically tested by means of Partial Least Squares Analysis (PLS). These analyses included reliability analysis to determine the reliability of all the measurement scales. Satisfactorily reliability were found for all measurement scales. The structural model and the hypothesised relationships were analysed by means of the PLS path coefficients, R Square values and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The results indicated that support could be found for the relationship between leader integrity and ethical leadership, leader integrity and interactional justice, leader integrity and leader trust, ethical leadership and interactional justice, and leader trust and interactional justice. Only partial support was found for the relationship between ethical leadership and leader trust, leader trust and CWB, interactional justice and CWB, ethical leadership and CWB and leader integrity and CWB. Subsequently conclusions were made from the results as well as recommendations made for future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Hierdie studie het ontstaan as gevolg van die duur en skadelike effek wat negatiewe gedrag op beide organisasies en die samelewing het. Die studie is dus uitgevoer om die oorsake van hierdie negatiewe gedrag te begryp sowel as om konstrukte te identifiseer om hierdie tipes gedrag uit te skakel. Die doel van die studie was om konstrukte te ondersoek wat waarskynlik ‘n substansiële invloed op die verskynsel van teenproduktiewe gedrag in organisasies in Suid-Afrika kan hê. Die doel was dus om die verband tussen leier-integriteit, etiese leierskap, interaksionele geregtigheid, leier-vertroue en teenproduktiewe gedrag te ondersoek. ‘n Teoretiese model is ontwikkel om die strukturele verband tussen die latente veranderlikes en teenproduktiewe gedrag te verduidelik. Hipoteses is geformuleer rakende die gepostuleerde verwantskappe tussen hierdie veranderlikes soos in die literatuurstudie geïdentifiseer. Hierdie hipoteses is getoets om die geldigheid van hierdie proposisies te bepaal om uiteindelik die voorgestelde strukturele model te toets. Die steekproef is saamgestel uit werknemers van vier organisasies in die Wes-Kaap. Die proefpersone het die Leader Trust Scale (LTS), die Justice Scale, die Leadership of Ethics Scale (LES), die Ethical Integrity Test (EIT) en die Deviance Scale voltooi. Die voorgestelde hipoteses en strukturele model is empiries getoets deur middel van Partial Least Squares (PLS) ontleding. Hierdie analises sluit in ‘n betroubaarheidsanalise om die betroubaarheid van die metingskale te bepaal. Bevredigende betroubaarheid is vir al die metingskale gevind. Die strukturele model en die gepostuleerde hipoteses is ontleed deur middel van PLS path coefficients, R Square values en Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Die resultate het aangedui dat ondersteuning gevind is vir die verband tussen leier-integriteit en etiese leierskap, leier-integriteit en interaksionele geregtigheid, leier-integriteit en leier-vertroue, etiese leierskap en interaksionele geregtigheid, en leier-vertroue en interaksionele geregtigheid. Slegs gedeeltelike ondersteuning is gevind vir die verband tussen etiese leierskap en leier-vertroue, leier-vertroue en teenproduktiewe gedrag, interaksionele geregtigheid en teenproduktiewe gedrag, etiese leierskap en teenproduktiewe gedrag, en leier-integriteit en teenproduktiewe gedrag. Daarna is afleidings gemaak op grond van die resultate, sowel as aanbevelings gemaak vir toekomstige navorsing.
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Dapko, Jennifer. "Perceived Firm Transparency: Scale and Model Development." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4025.
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In the last few years alone, calls for transparency by consumers have grown louder. No longer are consumers willing to sit back and allow firms to make `closed door' decisions that benefit the company (and its executives) at the expense of consumers and society. This dissertation begins to answer the call for a greater understanding of transparency from both practitioner and academic perspectives. In particular, this dissertation focuses on systematically developing a succinct definition of perceived firm transparency, developing a valid measure of transparency, and empirically testing antecedents and consequences of transparency.
Two studies were conducted to develop the transparency scale following a thorough review of the transparency literature across six fields. Study 1 was dedicated to scale development and validation for the transparency construct. Study 2 was dedicated to further validating the transparency scale and testing its psychometric properties and validity.
The complete proposed model was tested in Study 3 utilizing scenarios in a between-subjects design with a student sample. Study 4 further tested the proposed model in a slightly more ecologically valid setting with a more diverse sample. Studies 3 and 4 showed that transparency has significant direct impact on reducing skepticism, and increasing trust, attitude toward the firm, and purchase intention; and these impacts are of substantial magnitude. Studies 3 and 4 also tested a few antecedents of perceived firm transparency including perceived firm reciprocity, perceived consumer effort, and negative information. Reciprocity and consumer effort both had a significant impact on perceptions of firm transparency in Studies 3 and 4, and negative information impacted perceptions of transparency in Study 3 only.
At its core, transparency means that a firm is perceived to be open and forthright with stakeholders. This dissertation shows that stakeholders reward firms for being transparent; and those rewards come in the form of decreased skepticism and increased favorable attitudes toward the firm, trust, and purchase intention. Managers can focus on increasing perceptions of transparency by providing stakeholders with opportunities for mutual conversations, by making easy for stakeholders to learn about the company and its offerings, and by sharing more balanced information about itself that reflects both the positives and the negatives.
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Warner, Kellie Jo. "The role of trust in the siting of large-scale dairy farms: a case study of the attributes of trust present in two communities." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1409838440.
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Yang, Yongjiao. "Measuring public trust in charities in the UK : an empirical study based on scale development." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13281.
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This study describes the development and initial utilizations of a scale measuring public trust in charities in the UK. It improves on past empirical studies of public trust in charities by regarding the concept as a multidimensional construct. The scale is developed first from a conceptual model consisting of five dimensions. Using data from 490 respondents, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency analysis are undertaken, of which results yield a three-factor principal components model of public trust in charities. Confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity analysis, and criterion-related validity analysis, based on another sample of 253 respondents, confirm the validity of the model with a slight modification. The initial five-factor model of trust in charities derived from literature, which include perceived competence, perceived benevolence, perceived integrity, value similarity, and willingness to be vulnerable, is rejected in favor of a three-factor principal components model. Of the three separate domains of public trust in charities, “perceived integrity” reflects the importance of morality in charity work; “perceived competence” reflects the necessity of charities’ capability to uphold and further public interests; and “value similarity” emphasizes the alignment of values between charities and individuals. Scale utilization demonstrates that this multidimensional tool will allow the U.K. charitable sector to better understand public trust and perceptions, to discern the manifestations of public trust, as well as to be responsive to trends in trust and perceptions. It can be used to predict pro-charity behaviors, which is helpful to strategically plan and target fundraising techniques. The measure will also remedy drawbacks of current measurement of charity performance. Overall, the multidimensional scale is accurate, more straightforward, more in-depth, and is able to provide more useful information than current crude measurements of public trust in charities. The study has important implications for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers as it provides a new, robust measure of a feature that is essential to the charitable sector’s welfare.
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Harris, Joshua A. "Real Estate Investment Trust Performance, Efficiency and Internationalization." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5290.
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Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are firms that own and manage income producing commercial real estate for the benefit of their shareholders. The three studies in this dissertation explore topics relating to best practices of REIT management and portfolio composition. Managers and investors can use the findings herein to aide in analyzing a REIT's performance and determining optimal investment policies. Utilizing REIT from SNL Real Estate and CRSP, the first two studies examine the role of international diversification upon performance, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency. The third study utilizes REIT data to examine technical and scale efficiency over a 21 year window and investigates characteristics of the REITs that affect the levels of efficiency. CHAPTER 1 – PROFITABILITY OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST INTERNATIONALIZATION Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in the United States have grown extremely fast in terms of assets and market capitalization since the early 1990's. As with many industries, U.S. REITs began acquiring foreign properties as their size grew and they needed to seek new investment opportunities. This paper investigates the role of holding foreign assets upon the total return of U.S. based REITs from 1995 through 2010. We find that holding foreign properties in associated with negative relative performance when risk, size, and other common market factors are controlled for. Interestingly, the source of the negative performance is not related to the two largest areas for foreign investment, Europe and Canada. Instead, the negative performance is detected when a REIT begins acquiring properties in other global regions such as Latin America and Asia/Pacific. This paper has broad ramifications for REIT investors and managers alike. CHAPTER 2 – EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY U.S. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS ON COST EFFICIENCY AND SCALE As U.S. based Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) have increased their degree and type of holdings overseas, there has yet to a study that has investigated such activity on the REIT's measures of cost efficiency and scale. Using data from 2010, Data Envelopment Analysis techniques are used to estimate measures of technical and scale efficiency that are then regressed against measures of international diversification and other controls to measure the impact of this global expansion. It is determined that REITs with foreign holdings are significantly larger than domestic REITs and are correspondingly 96% of foreign investing REITs are operating at decreasing returns to scale. Further almost every measure of foreign diversification is negative and significantly impacting scale efficiency. However, simply being a REIT with foreign holdings did positively and significantly associate with higher levels of technical efficiencies. Thus REITs that expand globally may have some advantages in operational efficiency but lose considerably in terms of scale efficiency by increasing their size as they move cross-border. ? CHAPTER 3 – THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMIES OF SCALE OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to measure technical and scale efficiency of 21 years of Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) data. This is the longest, most complete dataset ever analyzed in the REIT efficiency literature and as such makes a significant contribution as prior efficiency studies' data windows end in the early 2000's at latest. Overall, REITs appear to continue to operate at decreasing returns to scale despite rapid growth in total assets. Further, there is some evidence of improving technical efficiency overtime; however the finding is not strong. In summation, it appears that REITs have not improved on a relative basis despite the rapid growth, a finding that suggests a potential of a high degree of firm competition in the REIT industry. Finally, firm characteristics such as debt utilization, management and advisory structure, and property type specialization are tested for their impact upon technical and scale efficiency.ID: 031001577; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Randy I. Anderson.; Title from PDF title page (viewed August 26, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-134).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Business Administration
Business Administration; Finance
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Braun, Johannes [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchmann, and Max [Akademischer Betreuer] Mühlhäuser. "Maintaining Security and Trust in Large Scale Public Key Infrastructures / Johannes Braun. Betreuer: Johannes Buchmann ; Max Mühlhäuser." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1111113351/34.
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Lyon, Fergus. "Trust and power in farmer-trader relations : a study of small scale vegetable production and marketing systems in Ghana." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1474/.
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Charalambous, George. "The development of a human factors tool for the successful implementation of industrial human-robot collaboration." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9201.
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Manufacturing organisations have placed significant attention to the potential of industrial human-robot collaboration (HRC) as a means for enhancing productivity and product quality. This concept has predominantly been seen from an engineering and safety aspect, while the human related issues tend to be disregarded. As the key human factors relevant to industrial HRC have not yet been fully investigated, the research presented in this thesis sought to develop a human factors tool to enable the successful implementation of industrial HRC. First, a theoretical framework was developed which collected the key organisational and individual level human factors by reviewing comparable contexts to HRC. The human factors at each level were investigated separately. To identify whether the organisational human factors outlined in the theoretical framework were enablers or barriers, an industrial exploratory case study was conducted where traditional manual work was being automated. The implications provided an initial roadmap of the key organisational human factors that need to be considered as well as the critical inter-relations between them. From the list of individual level human factors identified in the theoretical framework, the focus was given on exploring the development of trust between human workers and industrial robots. A psychometric scale that measures trust specifically in industrial HRC was developed. The scale offers the opportunity to system designers to identify the key system aspects that can be manipulated to optimise trust in industrial HRC. Finally, the results were gathered together to address the overall aim of the research. A human factors guidance tool was developed which provides practitioners propositions to enable successful implementation of industrial HRC.
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Lu, Zhaosong. "Algorithm Design and Analysis for Large-Scale Semidefinite Programming and Nonlinear Programming." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7151.
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The limiting behavior of weighted paths associated with the semidefinite program (SDP) map $X^{1/2}SX^{1/2}$ was studied and some applications to error bound analysis and superlinear convergence of a class of
primal-dual interior-point methods were provided. A new approach for solving large-scale well-structured sparse SDPs via a saddle point mirror-prox algorithm with ${cal O}(epsilon^{-1})$ efficiency was developed based on exploiting sparsity structure and reformulating SDPs into smooth convex-concave saddle point problems. An iterative solver-based
long-step primal-dual infeasible path-following algorithm for convex quadratic programming (CQP) was developed. The search directions of
this algorithm were computed by means of a preconditioned iterative linear solver. A uniform bound, depending only on the CQP data, on
the number of iterations performed by a preconditioned iterative linear solver was established. A polynomial bound on the number of
iterations of this algorithm was also obtained. One efficient ``nearly exact' type of method for solving large-scale ``low-rank' trust region
subproblems was proposed by completely avoiding the computations of Cholesky or partial Cholesky factorizations. A computational study of this method was also provided by applying it to solve some large-scale nonlinear programming problems.
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Zhang, Li. "The relationship between school climate and faculty trust: An exploration across elementary schools in Shanghai." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/75.
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This study was a non-experimental research which has been conducted in Shanghai, China. It aims to explore the relationship between the Shanghai elementary school climate and the level of faculty trust as well as to investigate whether the Shanghai elementary school climate can predict the development of faculty trust. Thirty elementary schools of 726 teachers in Jiading District of Shanghai have participated in this study. Each teacher completed a questionnaire with two measurements: School Climate Index (SCI) and Omnibus Trust Scale (OTS). Both have been translated, revised and tested for reliability and validity in a pilot study in order to better and more accurately measure school climate and faculty trust of the Chinese elementary schools in Shanghai. The criterion variable, faculty trust, was measured from three dimensions: faculty trust in principal, faculty trust in colleagues and faculty trust in clients (parents and students). The predictor variable is the Chinese elementary school climate which has three constructs: collegial leadership, teacher professionalism and academic press. The control variables are school types and faculty's employment type. Results of this study indicated that faculty trust is positively related to all dimensions of Chinese elementary school climate. Despite of different school types and different faculty employment types, each kind of faculty trust has the same set of school climate predators.
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Higgins, David Ian. "Catchment scale influences on brown trout fry populations in the Upper Ure catchment, North Yorkshire." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3571/.
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A multi-scale approach for restoration site selection is presented and applied to an upland catchment, the River Ure, North Yorkshire. Traditional survey methods, advances in remote sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and risk-based fine sediment modelling using the SCIMAP module are combined to gather data at the catchment-scale through to the in-stream habitat-scale. The data gathered have been assessed against spatially distributed brown trout fry populations using Pearson’s correlation and multiple stepwise regressions. Fine sediment was shown to have a positive correlation with fry populations when upland drainage channels (grips) were added to the SCIMAP model. This suggests risk from peatland drainage is realised further down the catchment where eroded sediments are deposited. Farm-scale SCIMAP modelling was tested against farmers’ knowledge with variable results. It appears there is a cultural response to risk developed over generations. Management of meadows and pasture land through sub-surface drainage and stock rotation resulted in the risk being negated or re-routed across the holding. At other locations apparently low-risk zones become risky through less sensitive farming methods. This multi-scale approach reveals that the largest impacts on brown trout recruitment operate at the habitat-adjacent scale in tributaries with small upstream areas. The results show a hierarchy of impact, and risk-filters, arising from different intensity land management. This offers potential for targeted restoration site selection. In low-order streams it seems that restoration measures which exclude livestock, and provide bankside shading, can be effective. At such sites the catchment-scale shows a reduced signal on in-stream biota. Thus, brown trout stocks could be significantly enhanced by targeting restoration at riffle-habitat zones and adjacent land in order to disconnect the stream from farm-derived impacts and through adding structure to the stream channel.
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Assegaai, Tumelo. "Supervision and trust in community health worker programmes at scale: Developing a district level supportive supervision framework for ward-based outreach teams in North West Province, South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8262.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDNational community health worker (CHW) programmes are to an increasing extent being implemented in health systems globally, mirrored in South Africa in the ward-based outreach team (WBOT) strategy. In many countries, including South Africa, a major challenge impacting the performance and sustainability of scaled-up CHW programmes is ensuring adequate support from and supervision by the local health system. Supervisory systems, where they exist, are usually corrective and hierarchical in nature, and implementation remains poor. In the South African context, the absence of any guidance on CHW supportive supervision has led to varied practices across the country. Improved approaches to supportive supervision are considered critical for CHW programme performance. However, there is relatively little understanding of how this can be done sustainably at scale, and effective CHW supervisory models remain elusive. Research to date has mostly positioned supervision as a technical process rather than a set of relationships, with the former testing specific interventions rather than developing holistic approaches attuned to local contexts.
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Terres, Mellina da Silva. "Desenvolvimento de uma escala para mensuração das confianças cognitiva, afetiva e comportamental e verificação de seus impactos na lealdade no contexto business-to-consumer." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15842.
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Esta dissertação, construída a partir da teoria multidimensional da confiança com dimensões cognitivas, afetivas e comportamentais (ROSENBERG & HOVLAND, 1960; CUMMINGS & BROMILEY, 1996; MCALLISTER 1995; JOHNSON & GRAYSON, 2000) tem como objetivo desenvolver e validar uma escala que mensure os componentes afetivos, cognitivos e comportamentais da confiança. Aplicou-se a escala em uma amostra de 480 estudantes. O desenvolvimento da escala utilizou Churchill (1979) como base teórica seguindo os seguintes passos: a) Geração dos itens - através de escalas existentes e entrevistas em profundidade; b) purificação - utilizando análise fatorial exploratória e c) validação - através da análise fatorial confirmatória. Para fins de análise, a primeira metade dos respondentes foi utilizada na etapa exploratória e a outra metade, na etapa confirmatória. Para o teste do impacto das confianças cognitiva, afetiva e comportamental nas intenções de lealdade, foi utilizada a amostra completa. Os resultados mostraram que as confianças afetiva, cognitiva e comportamental são empiricamente distintas e podem ser mensuradas. Conforme esperado, as confianças afetiva e cognitiva tiveram um impacto positivo nas intenções de lealdade, contudo a confiança comportamental não teve impacto significativo. A análise multigrupos mostrou que, em relacionamentos mais longos, as confianças afetiva e cognitiva possuem um impacto maior quando comparadas com relacionamentos menos longos.This dissertation, based on multidimensional trust theory, aims to develop and test a trust scale that considers affective, cognitive and behavioral aspects. In order to do that, the scale was applied in 480 students. The scale development was based on Churchill (1979) steps: a) Items Generation - using the literature and in-depth interview, b) Purification - using Factorial Exploratory Analysis and c) Validation - using Factorial Confirmatory Analysis. For the development and test of the scale, the sample was divided in two parts: one for the exploratory analysis and the other for confirmatory analysis. For the investigation of the impact of trust dimensions on loyalty intentions the whole sample was used. The results show that cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions of trust can be empirically distinguished and measured. As expected, the cognitive and affective trusts have significant and positive impact on loyalty intentions, while behavioral trust does not have impact on that. The multigroup analyses show that when the relationship between client and company is longer, the affective and cognitive trusts have higher impact than when the relationship is sorter.
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Bischoff, Tim, and Celine Staufenberg. "Sustainable actions before profit? : The effects of sustainability efforts on the brand experience in the clothing industry exemplary represented on Patagonia." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53071.
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Background: In today ́s world, experiences play an important role for the customers to build loyalty and long-lasting relationships. Brakus et al. (2009) developed one of the most cited scales for measuring brand experience. Especially the clothing industry has a higher interest to create an overall experience since they are operating in different markets. Moreover, sustainability became a huge trend pushing companies to implement sustainable practices. This trend can also be recognized in the clothing industry which makes up 8.1 % of the whole greenhouse gas emissions globally and customers are more and more aware of this. Companies need to change their overall approach to how they produce and how they communicate, to avoid being labelled as a greenwashing company. In the outdoor-clothing industry, Patagonia is one of the most successful brands – heavily focusing on sustainability. Their brand experience could be one factor for their success, which makes this brand an interesting case to further study this concept. Yet there is limited research on this topic in the literature, no study applied the BXS to one specific company nor into the context of sustainability in the clothing industry. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyse the brand experience of the outdoor-clothing brand Patagonia with the aim of identifying the effects of sustainability efforts on the brand experience. Method: To investigate the research question appropriately a qualitative research has been conducted by interviewing 13 customers of Patagonia. To structure the study adequately, we relied on the brand experience scale of Brakus et al. (2009) referring to a deductive approach. Nevertheless, inductive elements influenced our sampling process and the data analysis to develop the new model green brand experience by considering the sustainability efforts of Patagonia. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the brand experience scale by Brakus et al. (2009) is applicable, and all dimensions are influenced by the brand experience. Furthermore, two additional dimensions were identified: green brand trust and green brand image. In the end, a new model named green brand experience is presented. It consists of 6 dimensions which are described through items that show the strongest influence in each dimension. As a conclusion, recommendations for strategies and tools for sustainable companies are given to create a green brand experience. Aside from honest and clear communication, the mission to act sustainable should be in the focus of the experience ahead of promoting their own products.
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Bonfanti, Thierry. "Phénoménologie de la situation médiative." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0007/document.
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M’interrogeant sur l’inflation du mot « médiation », j’ai passé en revue quelques unes des pratiques les plus courantes invoquant un terme dont j’ai pu en constater, dans certains cas, l’usage abusif. À partir de là, j’ai tenté de tracer les contours d’un concept en mal de définition. J’ai ainsi dégagé deux caractéristiques intrinsèques de la médiation, à savoir la triangularité et la non-directivité ainsi que ses deux prérequis que sont le libre consentement des participants et la légitimation du médiateur. Par ailleurs, j’ai constaté que la médiation ne s’appliquait pas qu’aux situations conflictuelles et que son enjeu n’était pas exclusivement affectif. Il peut être également matériel, donnant alors lieu à une médiation de type « négociatif ». En croisant ces deux variables, j’ai proposé une typologie des pratiques de médiation. Dans une seconde partie de ma thèse, je me suis livré à une analyse phénoménologique de la médiation, me servant de l’enregistrement de jeux de rôles. Cette analyse m’a conduit à élargir mon champ de vision, d’une «médiation» comprise comme « action du médiateur » à une réalité plus complexe que j’ai appelée « situation médiative » où le médiateur agit autant sur les participants qu’il est agi par eux. Cette situation, loin de se réduire à une pratique instituée, constitue un véritable phénomène social, fréquent dans la vie courante. La confiance que les participants accordent au médiateur, le rôle qu’ils lui font jouer en tant que « base de sécurité » comme alternative au face à face et sa fonction d’étayage de la communication constituent des conditions essentielles de la situation médiative avant même les techniques de médiationWondering about the increasing use of the word « mediation », I reviewed some of the most common practices referring to this word which was, in some cases, misused. On this basis, I strived to draw the outline of a concept in need of definition. In doing so, I identified two characteristics of mediation, namely the triangularity and the non-directivity, as well as its two prerequisites, i.e. the consent of the participants and the recognition of the mediator. Moreover, I noted that mediation does not apply only to situations of conflict and that its stake is not exclusively emotional. It could be material, leading to a negotiating mediation. Crossing these two variables, I then propose a typology of mediation practices. In a second part of my thesis, I set up a phenomenological analysis of mediation, using video recordings of role playing. This analysis led me to broaden my own perspective, from a mediation as « mediator’s action » to a more complex scenario that I called « mediative situation », where the mediator influences the participants and is in turn influenced by them. This situation, far from being restricted to an established practice, is indeed a social and frequent phenomenon. The confidence the participants have in the mediator, the role they give him/her as a “secure base” and as an alternative to the face to face situation, and his function in supporting communication, lay the basic condition of the mediative situation, a long way ahead of mediations techniques
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Makaya, kiela Serge. "Le droit à réparation des victimes des crimes internationaux, condition de justice efficiente : l'exemple de la RDC." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1006.
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Face aux préjudices irréparables engendrés par les crimes internationaux, le droit international, hormis les cas de poursuites devant la CPI et la pratique des commissions et fonds d'indemnisation des N.U, fait ponce-Pilate au droit interne pour la mise en oeuvre du droit à réparation des victimes de ces crimes. Une hypocrisie qui s'affirme notamment à travers des pratiques d'assistance humanitaire. Le droit interne des Etats quant à lui, fait un recours systématique à son système classique pour la mise en oeuvre de ce droit. Cet attrait pour le système classique tranche pourtant avec les facteurs matériels du droit en cette matière où le contexte des crimes, l'ampleur des préjudices, la vastitude des victimes et les fluctuations de la qualité des auteurs l'ont presque plongé dans la désuétude. C'est ce qui a fait émerger la quête d'un paradigme d'efficacité dont l'expérience de la justice transitionnelle et de la justice réparatrice constituent « l'essai ». La discussion sur l'efficacité des résultats de cet essai conduit l'observateur averti à la conclusion qu'il y a encore du chemin. Pour la RDC, contre l'aporie du droit classique face aux souffrances des victimes des crimes internationaux, cette étude propose la construction d'une politique criminelle basée sur une approche holistique de la réparation. L'approche holistique impliquant, ici, une réaction globaliste face aux préjudices subis par les victimes des crimes internationaux. Préjudices multiformes pour lesquels les réponses en termes de réparation doivent relever d'une appréhension globale du droit, reposant sur l'interdisciplinarité et l'ouverture à la « technologie sociale »Faced with the irreparable prejudices arising from international crimes, except for the cases being prosecuted at the ICC and the processes of various Commissions and reparations funds of the UN, international law has been pontius-pilating when it comes implementing under domestic laws the rights of victims to reparations. This hypocrisy is particularly highlighted by the use of humanitarian aid. Domestic laws have systematically resorted to traditional practices to implement this right. This inclination towards traditional approaches is indeed at variance with the material elements of the law on reparations in as much as the context of the crimes, the scope of the damage, the vast number of victims and fluctuations in the types of perpetrators have simply made the traditional systems obsolete. Whence the quest for an efficiency paradigm hinged on «attempts» within transitional justice and reparations justice. Analyses of these attempts by experts reveal that a lot still has to be done. In the case of the DRC, and mindful of the shortcomings of the traditional legal system in mitigating the suffering of victims of international crimes, this study proposes a holistic approach to the development of a criminal reparations policy. This holistic approach requires a global response to the damage suffered by victims of international crimes. The reparations response to these multidimensional prejudices must reflect a global understanding of the law based on interdisciplinary and «social technology» considerations
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Parente, Eduardo Soares. "Valor percebido, satisfação e confiança como determinantes da lealdade: um estudo no segmento de bancos de varejo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8175.
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Esta tese tem como tema central o estudo da lealdade de clientes pessoa física por serviços bancários no Brasil. Para estudo do assunto, foram propostos os seguintes objetivos: (1) identificar os fatores que os clientes de serviços bancários associam como benefícios; (2) identificar os sacrifícios incorridos pelos clientes nos serviços bancários; (3) desenvolver uma escala de valor percebido por clientes, pessoa física, de serviços bancários no Brasil; (4) elaborar um modelo teórico que identifique a forma de relacionamento das dimensões de valor que resultam na satisfação, na confiança e na lealdade dos clientes de serviços bancários e (5) testar empiricamente a rede nomológica do modelo desenvolvido, envolvendo valor, confiança, satisfação e lealdade. Inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão da literatura acadêmica acerca dos temas valor percebido, confiança, satisfação, lealdade e segmento bancário brasileiro, além dos aspectos relacionais entre os construtos. Para análise das relações foi proposto um modelo estrutural relacionando os construtos mencionados e composto por 13 (treze) hipóteses. Em seguida, procedeu-se à construção de uma escala de mensuração de valor percebido por clientes de serviços bancários de acordo com as etapas sugeridas pela literatura. A fim de testar e validar a escala foram realizados dois estudos de campo, sendo o primeiro composto por 167 (cento e sessenta e sete) estudantes de graduação e pós graduação que utilizam serviços bancários e o segundo por 341 (trezentos e quarenta e hum) clientes de serviços bancários de diferentes bairros da cidade de Fortaleza, CE. Durante o trabalho de pesquisa descritiva foi utilizado o método de survey (levantamento), baseado na coleta dos dados primários através de questionários estruturados. A análise dos resultados se utilizou de abordagens quantitativas, em especial análise de correlação bivariada, análise de regressão múltipla e técnicas estatísticas de modelagem de equações estruturais. De forma geral, os objetivos da pesquisa foram atendidos, com a validação da escala de mensuração de valor percebido em serviços bancários e com a confirmação de 5 (cinco) hipóteses através da modelagem de equações estruturais que foram: (1) a dimensão qualidade operacional está positivamente relacionada à confiança, (2) a dimensão qualidade operacional influencia positivamente a satisfação do consumidor, (3) a dimensão comodidade e acesso influencia direta e positivamente à satisfação, (4) a satisfação influencia direta e positivamente à confiança e (5) a confiança influencia direta e positivamente à lealdade. Ao final do trabalho, indicações de possíveis aprimoramentos para futuras pesquisas são discutidas.
This research has as main focus the theme loyalty in financial services, specifically in the retail banking sector. The main objectives of the study were: (1) to identify the factors that the banking customers associate as benefits, (2) to identify the sacrifices incurred by customers in retail banking, (3) to develop a customer perceived value measurement scale of banking services in Brazil, (4) to develop a theoretical model that identifies relationships between the value dimensions, satisfaction, trust and loyalty in banking segment and (5) to empirically test the nomological network of the developed model involving value, trust, satisfaction and loyalty. Initially, its was reviewed the academic literature on the topics of perceived value, trust, satisfaction, loyalty and the Brazilian banking sector, besides the relational aspects between the constructs. For the analysis of the relations it was proposed a structural model composed of thirteen (13) hypotheses. The empirical research tested the perceived value measurement scale developed for customers of banking services in accordance with the steps suggested by the literature. The empirical test was carried out in two field studies. The first consisted of 167 (one hundred and sixty-seven) undergraduate and post graduate students who use banking services and the second by 341 (three hundred forty-one) banking customers selected at different locations in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. Its was used in the research a descriptive survey method based on primary data collection through structured questionnaires. The results were analyzed in a quantitative approach, in particular bivariate correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and statistical techniques of structural equation modeling. Overall, the research objectives were met, with the validation of a scale to measure perceived value in banking and the confirmation of 5 (five) developed hypotheses using structural equation modeling. The confirmed hypotheses were: (1 ) Operational quality is positively related to trust, (2) Operational quality positively influences customer satisfaction, (3) Convenience access positively influences satisfaction, (4) satisfaction is directly and positively related to confidence and (5) trust directly and positively influences loyalty. At the end of the paper, indications of possible improvements for future research are discussed.
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Popken, Anke. "Drivers’ reliance on lane keeping assistance systems as a function of the level of assistance." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201000382.
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Fahrerassistenzsysteme werden zunehmend in Fahrzeuge eingebaut mit dem Ziel, den Fahrer beim Fahren zu unterstützen, Fahrfehler zu vermeiden und damit die Fahrsicherheit zu erhöhen. Derzeit sind häufig Systeme im Einsatz, die den Fahrer vor bestimmten Sicherheitsrisiken warnen (z.B. vor einem unbeabsichtigten Verlassen der Fahrspur). Der Trend geht aber hin zu Systemen, die stärker ins Fahrgeschehen eingreifen und somit Teile der Fahraufgabe automatisieren (z.B. selbständig die Spurhaltung des Fahrzeugs übernehmen). Aus der Forschung zur Mensch-Maschine Interaktion ist jedoch bekannt, dass Automatisierung nicht zwangsläufig zur Erhöhung von Sicherheit führt, sondern dass sie vielmehr auch unerwünschte Nebeneffekte für Performanz und Sicherheit mit sich bringen kann in dem Maße, wie Menschen an die veränderten Aufgabenanforderungen adaptieren. Im Straßenverkehr wird insbesondere befürchtet, dass Fahrer sich zu stark auf Fahrerassistenzsysteme verlassen, sich teilweise aus der Fahraufgabe zurückziehen („abschalten“) und ihre Aufmerksamkeit fahrfremden Dingen widmen. Dies kann unter Umständen dazu führen, dass Fahrer im Falle von Systemfehlern oder –ausfällen nicht mehr in der Lage sind rechtzeitig und angemessen einzugreifen bzw. die Kontrolle über das Fahrzeug zu übernehmen. Ziel der Dissertation war es zu untersuchen, inwieweit sich die Involviertheit von Fahrern in die Fahraufgabe verändert je stärker sie durch ein Assistenzsystem unterstützt werden (d.h., je stärker das System Teile der Fahraufgabe automatisiert). Um dies zu untersuchen wurden zwei theoretische Konzepte herangezogen: a) das Verlassen der Fahrer (auf ein System) und b) das Situationsbewusstsein der Fahrer. Basierend auf einer umfassenden Analyse der Forschungsliteratur zum Thema Automatisierung wurde ein theoretisches Rahmenmodell entwickelt, welches Veränderungen in der Involviertheit des Fahrers in die Fahraufgabe auf menschliche Adaptationsprozesse auf verschiedenen Ebenen zurückführt, die sich in Folge der veränderten Aufgabenanforderungen durch zunehmende Automatisierung ergeben. Dazu zählen Veränderungen in Einstellungen, sowie in kognitiven, energetischen, und motivationalen Prozessen. Um Veränderungen in diesen Prozessen zu untersuchen, wurde eine Vielzahl an objektiven und subjektiven Maßen erhoben. Hauptgegenstand der Dissertation ist eine umfangreiche Fahrsimulatorstudie im Fahrsimulator mit Bewegungsplattform bei VTI (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) in Linköping, Schweden. Dabei kamen zwei Querführungsassistenzsysteme (ein Heading Control System und ein Lane Departure Warning System) zum Einsatz, die den Fahrer in unterschiedlichem Maße bei der Spurhaltung unterstützten. Im Gegensatz zu einem Großteil der bisherigen Studien wurden prozessorientierte Performanzmaße zur Erfassung des Verlassens der Fahrer auf die Assistenzsysteme und des Situationsbewusstseins der Fahrer verwendet. Das Verlassen der Fahrer auf die Querführungsassistenzsysteme wurde durch Blickverhaltensmaße über die Bereitschaft der Fahrer erfasst, ihre visuelle Aufmerksamkeit von der Straße ab hin zu einer Zweitaufgabe im Fahrzeuginnenraum zu wenden. Zur Messung des Situationsbewusstseins der Fahrer wurden Fahrverhaltensmaße herangezogen welche als Indikator für die Schnelligkeit und Abruptheit der Reaktionen der Fahrer auf unerwartete kritische Fahrsituationen dienten. Ein Hauptbefund der Dissertation war, dass die Fahrer sich signifikant im Ausmaß ihres Verlassens auf einen hohen Grad an Assistenz unterschieden. Diese interindividuelle Varianz im Verlassen der Fahrer auf einen hohen Grad an Assistenz konnte am besten durch das Vertrauen der Fahrer in das Querführungsassistenzsystem und ihr Aktivierungsniveau erklärt werden: Je höher das Vertrauen der Fahrer in das System und je geringer ihr Aktivierungsniveau, desto stärker verließen sie sich auf das System. Individuelle Fahrermerkmale (Fahrstil) erklärten einen signifikanten Anteil der Varianz im Vertrauen der Fahrer in die Spurhalteassistenzsysteme. (ersetzt wegen neuem Herausgeber)Advanced driver assistance systems are increasingly built in vehicles with the aim to support drivers while driving, to reduce driver errors and thereby to increase traffic safety. At present, these systems are often designed to warn drivers of specific safety risks (e.g., of an imminent departure from the driving lane). However, there is a trend towards systems that more strongly intervene in driving and that hence, automate parts of the driving task (e.g., autonomously keep the vehicle within the driving lane). However, research on human-machine interaction has shown that automation does not necessarily increase safety, but that it may also lead to unanticipated side effects on performance and safety to the extent that humans adapt to the changing task demands. A major concern in road traffic is that drivers rely too heavily on driver assistance systems, become less actively involved in the driving task, and divert their attention to things unrelated to driving. Thus, in the case of system malfunctions or failures, drivers possibly may not be prepared to intervene timely and accordingly and to regain control over the vehicle, respectively. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate changes in drivers’ active engagement in the driving task as a function of the degree to which they are supported by a driver assistance system (i.e., as a function of the degree to which the system automates the driving task). Drivers’ active task engagement was studied by referring to two theoretical concepts: a) drivers’ reliance (on a system) and b) drivers’ situation awareness. Based on an extensive review of previous research on automation, a conceptual theoretical framework was developed that links changes in operators’ active task engagement to human adaptation processes on different levels in response to the changing task demands due to automation. Among them are changes in human attitudes as well as in cognitive, motivational and energetic processes. In order to determine the relative influence of these processes, a range of objective and subjective measures was collected. The essential part of the dissertation is an extensive driving simulator study in an advanced moving-base driving simulator at VTI (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) in Linköping, Sweden. Two lateral support systems (a Heading Control system and a Lane Departure Warning system) were implemented which assisted drivers to different degrees in lane keeping. Contrary to most previous automation studies, drivers’ reliance on the lane keeping assistance systems and their situation awareness were studied by using process-oriented performance-based measures. Drivers’ reliance on the lane keeping assistance systems was assessed by eye glance behaviour measures indicating drivers’ preparedness to allocate their visual attention away from the road scene to an in-vehicle secondary task. Drivers’ situation awareness was assessed by behavioural measures of the latency and magnitude of drivers’ initial reactions to unexpected critical driving situations. A major finding of the study was that drivers differed significantly in their reliance on a high level of lane keeping assistance. This interindividual variance in drivers’ reliance on higher-level assistance could be best explained by drivers’ trust in the system and their energetic arousal: The greater drivers’ trust in the system and the lower their arousal, the more did they rely on the system. Individual driver variables (driving style) explained a significant proportion of the variance in drivers’ trust in the lane keeping assistance systems. (replaced because a new publisher)
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Santos, Kátia Denise Carvalho. "Estudos psicométricos: Dyadic Trust Scale." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/12093.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: Ana Prioste ; co-orientação : Alda PortugalO presente trabalho centra-se no processo de adaptação para a população portuguesa e nos estudos psicométricos iniciais da Dyadic Trust Scale (Escala de Confiança Diádica) um instrumento que avalia a confiança diádica nas relações fraternais. No estudo participaram 336 adultos emergentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 30 anos, que responderam a um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, à DTS, ao Inventário de Relações na Fratria e à Escala de Identificação ao Grupo. A análise das caraterísticas psicométricas foi realizada através da validade de construto, validade convergente, da fiabilidade e da sensibilidade. A análise fatorial determinou uma estrutura de um fator com 8 itens. Em resumo, a versão portuguesa da Escala de Confiança Diádica apresentou índices satisfatórios de consistência interna e constitui um instrumento adequado para mensurar a confiança diádica na fratria, tanto em contexto de investigação como em contexto clínico.
The present work focuses on the adaptation process for the Portuguese population and the initial psychometric studies of the Dyadic Trust Scale, an instrument that assesses dyadic trust in fraternal relationships. The study included 336 emergent adults, aged 18 to 30 years, who answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, the DTS, the Sibling Relationship Inventory and the Group Identification Scale. The analysis of psychometric characteristics was performed through construct validity, convergent validity, reliability and sensitivity. The factor analysis determined a one-factor structure with 8 items. In summary, the Portuguese version of the Dyadic Trust Scale presented satisfactory levels of internal consistency and is an appropriate instrument for measuring dyadic trust in phratry, both in research and clinical settings.
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Braun, Johannes. "Maintaining Security and Trust in Large Scale Public Key Infrastructures." Phd thesis, 2015. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/4566/1/Maintaining%20Security%20and%20Trust%20in%20Large%20Scale%20Public%20Key%20Infrastructures.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs), trusted Certification Authorities (CAs) issue public key certificates which bind public keys to the identities of their owners.
This enables the authentication of public keys which is a basic prerequisite for the use of digital signatures and public key encryption. These in turn are enablers for e-business, e-government and many other applications, because they allow for secure electronic communication.
With the Internet being the primary communication medium in many areas of economic, social, and political life, the so-called Web PKI plays a central role. The Web PKI denotes the global PKI which enables the authentication of the public keys of web servers within the TLS protocol and thus serves as the basis for secure communications over the Internet.
However, the use of PKIs in practice bears many unsolved problems.
Numerous security incidents in recent years have revealed weaknesses of the Web PKI. Because of these weaknesses, the security of Internet communication is increasingly questioned. Central issues are (1) the globally predefined trust in hundreds of CAs by browsers and operating systems. These CAs are subject to a variety of jurisdictions and differing security policies, while it is sufficient to compromise a single CA in order to break the security provided by the Web PKI.
And (2) the handling of revocation of certificates. Revocation is required to invalidate certificates, e.g., if they were erroneously issued or the associated private key has been compromised. Only this can prevent their misuse by attackers. Yet, revocation is only effective if it is published in a reliable way. This turned out to be a difficult problem in the context of the Web PKI. Furthermore, the fact that often a great variety of services depends on a single CA is a serious problem. As a result, it is often almost impossible to revoke a CA's certificate.
However, this is exactly what is necessary to prevent the malicious issuance of certificates with the CA's key if it turns out that a CA is in fact not trustworthy or the CA's systems have been compromised.
In this thesis, we therefore turn to the question of how to ensure that the CAs an Internet user trusts in are actually trustworthy. Based on an in depth analysis of the Web PKI, we present solutions for the different issues. In this thesis, the feasibility and practicality of the presented solutions is of central importance.
From the problem analysis, which includes the evaluation of past security incidents and previous scientific work on the matter, we derive requirements for a practical solution.
For the solution of problem (1), we introduce user-centric trust management for the Web PKI. This allows to individually reduce the number of CAs a user trusts in to a fraction of the original number. This significantly reduces the risk to rely on a CA, which is actually not trustworthy. The assessment of a CA's trustworthiness is user dependent and evidence-based.
In addition, the method allows to monitor the revocation status for the certificates relevant to a user. This solves the first part of problem (2).
Our solution can be realized within the existing infrastructure without introducing significant overhead or usability issues.
Additionally, we present an extension by online service providers. This enables to share locally collected trust information with other users and thus, to improve the necessary bootstrapping of the system. Moreover, an efficient detection mechanism for untrustworthy CAs is realized.
In regard to the second part of problem (2), we present a CA revocation tolerant PKI construction based on forward secure signature schemes (FSS). Forward security means that even in case of a key compromise, previously generated signatures can still be trusted. This makes it possible to implement revocation mechanisms such that CA certificates can be revoked, without compromising the availability of dependent web services. We describe how the Web PKI can be transitioned to a CA revocation tolerant PKI taking into account the relevant standards.
The techniques developed in this thesis also enable us to address the related problem of ``non-repudiation'' of digital signatures. Non-repudiation is an important security goal for many e-business and e-government applications. Yet, non-repudiation is not guaranteed by standard PKIs. Current solutions, which are based on time-stamps generated by trusted third parties, are inefficient and costly.
In this work, we show how non-repudiation can be made a standard property of PKIs. This makes time-stamps obsolete.
The techniques presented in this thesis are evaluated in terms of practicality and performance. This is based on theoretical results as well as on experimental analyses. Our results show that the proposed methods are superior to previous approaches.
In summary, this thesis presents mechanisms which make the practical use of PKIs more secure and more efficient and demonstrates the practicability of the presented techniques.
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Soh, Hyeonjin. "Measuring trust in advertising development and validation of the ADTRUST scale /." 2006. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/soh%5Fhyeonjin%5F200608%5Fphd.
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Ridzal, Denis. "Trust-region SQP methods with inexact linear system solves for large-scale optimization." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18962.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis extends the design and the global convergence analysis of a class of trust-region sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithms for smooth nonlinear optimization to allow for an efficient integration of inexact linear system solvers.
Each iteration within an SQP method requires the solution of several linear systems, whose system matrix/operator involves the linearized constraints. Most existing implementations of SQP algorithms use direct linear algebra methods to solve these systems. For many optimization problems in science and engineering this is infeasible, because the systems are too large or the matrices associated with the linearized constraints are not formed explicitly. Instead, iterative solvers, such as preconditioned Krylov subspace methods have to be applied for the approximate solution of the linear systems arising within the SQP algorithm. In this case, the optimization algorithm has to provide stopping tolerances for the iterative solver.
The existing literature on the treatment of inexact linear system solves in SQP algorithms is rather scarce. Most theoretical results either provide stopping tolerances for iterative solvers that cannot be easily implemented in practice, or are restricted to specific classes of optimization problems. This thesis provides concrete stopping criteria for the iterative solution of so-called augmented systems; which allows for a wider applicability of the resulting SQP algorithm and a rigorous integration of available KKT preconditioners. A key contribution is the development of an inexact conjugate gradient algorithm for the solution of quadratic subproblems with linear constraints that are subject to arbitrary nonlinear perturbations that arise from the approximate computation of projections via Krylov subspace methods.
The resulting SQP algorithm dynamically adjusts stopping tolerances for iterative linear system solves based on its current progress toward a KKT point. The stopping tolerances can be easily implemented and efficiently computed, and are sufficient to guarantee first-order global convergence of the algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is examined on optimal control problems governed by Burgers and Navier-Stokes equations.
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Rojas, Marielba. "A large-scale trust-region approach to the regularization of discrete ill-posed problems." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19422.
Full textAbstract:
We consider the problem of computing the solution of large-scale discrete ill-posed problems when there is noise in the data. These problems arise in important areas such as seismic inversion, medical imaging and signal processing. We pose the problem as a quadratically constrained least squares problem and develop a method for the solution of such problem. Our method does not require factorization of the coefficient matrix, it has very low storage requirements and handles the high degree of singularities arising in discrete ill-posed problems. We present numerical results on test problems and an application of the method to a practical problem with real data.
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Boiteau, Jesse. "The National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation and the pursuit of archival decolonization." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32225.
Full textAbstract:
Western archival institutions have both silenced and misrepresented Indigenous peoples in Canada for more than a century. These actions have in turn assisted in the colonization and subjectification of a myriad of Indigenous communities within the colonial construct of Canada. This institutional complicity in the colonization process has recently come under fire. Questions have arisen about how these institutions can be decolonized and how they can be used in partnership with Indigenous peoples to strengthen the Indigenous voices they once silenced. The institutional decolonization of archives becomes especially important when the archival institution in question has been given the responsibility to care for records that relate to gross human rights abuses perpetrated against Indigenous peoples. This is the case for the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (NCTR) at the University of Manitoba, which has a mandate to preserve and share the truths of Residential School Survivors.May 2017
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"Identification of Compromised Nodes in Collaborative Intrusion Detection Systems for Large Scale Networks Due to Insider Attacks." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57365.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Large organizations have multiple networks that are subject to attacks, which can be detected by continuous monitoring and analyzing the network traffic by Intrusion Detection Systems. Collaborative Intrusion Detection Systems (CIDS) are used for efficient detection of distributed attacks by having a global view of the traffic events in large networks. However, CIDS are vulnerable to internal attacks, and these internal attacks decrease the mutual trust among the nodes in CIDS required for sharing of critical and sensitive alert data in CIDS. Without the data sharing, the nodes of CIDS cannot collaborate efficiently to form a comprehensive view of events in the networks monitored to detect distributed attacks. The compromised nodes will further decrease the accuracy of CIDS by generating false positives and false negatives of the traffic event classifications. In this thesis, an approach based on a trust score system is presented to detect and suspend the compromised nodes in CIDS to improve the trust among the nodes for efficient collaboration. This trust score-based approach is implemented as a consensus model on a private blockchain because private blockchain has the features to address the accountability, integrity and privacy requirements of CIDS. In this approach, the trust scores of malicious nodes are decreased with every reported false negative or false positive of the traffic event classifications. When the trust scores of any node falls below a threshold, the node is identified as compromised and suspended. The approach is evaluated for the accuracy of identifying malicious nodes in CIDS.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Computer Science 2020
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Dias, Adriana Sofia Correia. "Confiança do doente no médico. Validação de questionário." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/90023.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de MedicinaIntrodução: A medicina praticada na atualidade deve ter como base a comunicação médico-doente, para a qual é fundamental existir uma relação de confiança mútua, de forma a que os doentes se sintam capazes de partilhar os seus problemas. Neste tema, foram conduzidos estudos que revelaram melhores “outcomes” ou consequências a nível dos cuidados de saúde, pelo que importa agora explorar como varia a confiança que o doente tem no médico em áreas específicas da Medicina.Objetivos: Adaptar culturalmente e validar populacionalmente um instrumento de avaliação de confiança no médico e estudar a correlação entre características do doente e empatia e os níveis de confiança obtidos nesse mesmo instrumento na população frequentadora de médicos de Medicina Geral e Familiar.Métodos: Após o processo de teste e re-teste, foi aplicado um questionário que incluía as escalas Jefferson Scale of Patients Perception on Physician Empathy (JSPPPE) e Confiança no Médico (Trust Scale) ambas já validadas para o contexto português, mas a segunda apenas na área da pessoa sofrendo de diabetes. A amostra englobou 123 utentes, tendo sido entrevistados consulentes que recorriam ao seu médico de família nesse dia, em Centros de Saúde da Região Centro, durante os meses de Dezembro de 2018 e Fevereiro de 2019. Registaram-se também os dados de cada utente relativamente à idade, sexo, SEDI (grau de instrução, atividade profissional e rendimento), toma diária de medicamentos, tempo se seguimento pelo atual médico de família, número de doenças.Resultados: Análise realizada em teste e re-teste com uma amostra de 35 pessoas mostrou ρ=0,786, p<0,001. No estudo de validação populacional a escala de confiança “Trust scale” obteve um valor de alfa de Cronbach de 0,772, um KMO= 0,905 e teste de esfericidade de Barlett com p <0,001, com um fator a explicar 54,248% da variância. Para JSPPPE obtivemos um alfa de Cronbach de 0,804. O teste KMO=0,821 e no teste de esfericidade de Barlett p < 0,001, em que apenas um valor explica 63,765% da variância total. A correlação entre os valores totais de ambas as escalas mostra ρ=0,720, p<0,001. Para a escala “Trust Scale” encontrámos diferenças para a idade p=0,001, atividade profissional p=0,011, número de doenças julgadas ter p=0,008 e quantos medicamentos toma diariamente p=0,009.Discussão: Instrumentos com boa consistência interna e sem outros para comparação permitem auto-formação médica, desde que cumpridas as boas regras de realização de estudos. A empatia sentida por consulente pode ter uma relação direta positiva com a confiança. Identificamos que o grupo com menos de 35 anos de idade apresenta menores níveis de confiança, bem como os grupos de trabalhadores ativos e estudantes. Por oposição, os grupos com toma de medicação diária superior a 5 e o que julga ter mais do que 5 doenças apresentam melhores níveis de confiança no médico.Conclusão: A “Trust scale” ou “Confiança no médico” parece ser de confiança e fiável para a população geral portuguesa de frequentadores de consultas de Medicina Geral e Familiar. A empatia está diretamente relacionada com a confiança no médico. Também a maior morbilidade está associada a melhores níveis de confiança no médico e, pelo contrário, utentes com idade inferior a 35 anos, estudantes e trabalhadores ativos apresentam menores níveis de confiança no médico.
Introduction: The medicine practiced today is based on doctor-patient comunication, for which the fundation is mutual confidence, allowing patients to feel able to share their concerns. In this line of tought, many studies have been developed which conclude that higher levels of confidence relate to better health outcomes, so it is now important to understand how the patient-doctor confidence varies in different areas of medicine.Objectives: Applying a confidence evaluation instrument, in order to study the corrrelation between the patient caractheristics and empaty and trust in the doctor patient relationship in the population attending general and family medicine physiciansMethods: After a process of testing and retesting the scale, a form was applied that included the JSPPPE and Trust scales, both validated in portuguese but the second one, only for the diabetic population. A sample of 123 patients was studied that resorted to their family doctors between the months of december 2018 and february 2019. The following patient data was collected: sex, age, SEDI (schooling, activity and yeld), amount of medicine taken per day, follow-up time by their doctor and number of diseases.Results: Statistical analysis of the test and retest in a sample of 35 patients revealed a ρ=0,786, p<0,001. The populational validation study of theTrust scale revealed an alfa of 0,772, KMO= 0,905 and Barlett test with p <0,001, in which one factor explains 54,248% of the variance. Analysing JSPPPE we obtained an alfa of 0,804, KMO=0,821 and Barlett test p < 0,001, in which only one value explains 63,765% of the variance. The correlation between the total values of the scales shows ρ=0,720, p<0,001. Studying the different variables we achieved the following results: age p=0,001, activity p=0,011, number of diseases believed to have p=0,008 and amount of medicine taken daily p=0,009. Discussion: The first part focused on validating the trust scale, by ensuring internal consistency. In the field work fase, both Trust and JSPPPE presented good internal consistency and adequate sampling. Analysing the results we perceived that empaty can have a positive direct correlation with confidence. The participants under 35 years of age, as well as the working and students group are the ones with lower levels of trust. By opposition the ones who take more than 5 medicine daily or believes to have more than 5 diseases present higher levels of confidence in their doctors.Conclusion: Instruments with good internal consistency and without others for comparison allow medical self-training, considering that the good rules of conducting studies are met. The Trust scale seems reliable for the general portuguese population attending general and family medicine consulations. We conclude that empaty is directly related to confidence in the doctor. Moreover higher morbility is related to higher levels of trust. In contrary, patients age under 35, students and working present lower levels of trust in their doctors.
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TURICOVÁ, Aneta. "Spirituálna dimenzia kultu Božieho milosrdenstva v denníku sv. Faustíny Kowalskej." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54513.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with the spiritual dimension of the cult of Divine Mercy in the Diary of St. Faustina Kowalska. The central point of her spirituality is Divine Mercy. Discovering of God in this mystery and contemplation of it in everyday life are keys to understanding ways of the apostle of Divine Mercy to Christian perfection. This path leads through the child trust in God and the merciful love of neighbour. The mission of sister Faustina bears respect for Divine Mercy in the new forms that Je
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Αποστολοπούλου, Μαριάννα. "Μαθηματικές μέθοδοι βελτιστοποίησης προβλημάτων μεγάλης κλίμακας." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/5699.
Full textAbstract:
Στην παρούσα διατριβή μελετάμε το πρόβλημα της βελτιστοποίησης μη γραμμικών συναρτήσεων πολλών μεταβλητών, όπου η αντικειμενική συνάρτηση είναι συνεχώς διαφορίσιμη σε ένα ανοιχτό υποσύνολο του Rn. Αναπτύσσουμε μαθηματικές μεθόδους βελτιστοποίησης αποσκοπώντας στην επίλυση προβλημάτων μεγάλης κλίμακας, δηλαδή προβλημάτων των οποίων οι μεταβλητές είναι πολλές χιλιάδες, ακόμα και εκατομμύρια. Η βασική ιδέα των μεθόδων που αναπτύσσουμε έγκειται στη θεωρητική μελέτη των χαρακτηριστικών μεγεθών των Quasi-Newton ενημερώσεων ελάχιστης και μικρής μνήμης. Διατυπώνουμε θεωρήματα αναφορικά με το χαρακτηριστικό πολυώνυμο, τον αριθμό των διακριτών ιδιοτιμών και των αντίστοιχων ιδιοδιανυσμάτων. Εξάγουμε κλειστούς τύπους για τον υπολογισμό των ανωτέρω ποσοτήτων, αποφεύγοντας τόσο την αποθήκευση όσο και την παραγοντοποίηση πινάκων. Τα νέα θεωρητικά απoτελέσματα εφαρμόζονται αφενός μεν στην επίλυση μεγάλης κλίμακας υποπροβλημάτων περιοχής εμπιστοσύνης, χρησιμοποιώντας τη μέθοδο της σχεδόν ακριβούς λύσης, αφετέρου δε, στην καμπυλόγραμμη αναζήτηση, η οποία χρησιμοποιεί ένα ζεύγος κατευθύνσεων μείωσης, την Quasi-Newton κατεύθυνση και την κατεύθυνση αρνητικής καμπυλότητας. Η νέα μέθοδος μειώνει δραστικά τη χωρική πολυπλοκότητα των γνωστών αλγορίθμων του μη γραμμικού προγραμματισμού, διατηρώντας παράλληλα τις καλές ιδιότητες σύγκλισής τους. Ως αποτέλεσμα, οι προκύπτοντες νέοι αλγόριθμοι έχουν χωρική πολυπλοκότητα Θ(n). Τα αριθμητικά αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι οι νέοι αλγόριθμοι είναι αποδοτικοί, γρήγοροι και πολύ αποτελεσματικοί όταν χρησιμοποιούνται στην επίλυση προβλημάτων με πολλές μεταβλητές.In this thesis we study the problem of minimizing nonlinear functions of several variables, where the objective function is continuously differentiable on an open subset of Rn. We develop mathematical optimization methods for solving large scale problems, i.e., problems whose variables are many thousands, even millions. The proposed method is based on the theoretical study of the properties of minimal and low memory Quasi-Newton updates. We establish theorems concerning the characteristic polynomial, the number of distinct eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors. We derive closed formulas for calculating these quantities, avoiding both the storage and factorization of matrices. The new theoretical results are applied in the large scale trust region subproblem for calculating nearly exact solutions as well as in a curvilinear search that uses a Quasi-Newton and a negative curvature direction. The new method is drastically reducing the spatial complexity of known algorithms of nonlinear programming. As a result, the new algorithms have spatial complexity Θ(n), while they are maintaining good convergence properties. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithms are efficient, fast and very effective when used in solving large scale problems.
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Popken, Anke. "Drivers’ reliance on lane keeping assistance systems as a function of the level of assistance." Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19288.
Full textAbstract:
Fahrerassistenzsysteme werden zunehmend in Fahrzeuge eingebaut mit dem Ziel, den Fahrer beim Fahren zu unterstützen, Fahrfehler zu vermeiden und damit die Fahrsicherheit zu erhöhen. Derzeit sind häufig Systeme im Einsatz, die den Fahrer vor bestimmten Sicherheitsrisiken warnen (z.B. vor einem unbeabsichtigten Verlassen der Fahrspur). Der Trend geht aber hin zu Systemen, die stärker ins Fahrgeschehen eingreifen und somit Teile der Fahraufgabe automatisieren (z.B. selbständig die Spurhaltung des Fahrzeugs übernehmen). Aus der Forschung zur Mensch-Maschine Interaktion ist jedoch bekannt, dass Automatisierung nicht zwangsläufig zur Erhöhung von Sicherheit führt, sondern dass sie vielmehr auch unerwünschte Nebeneffekte für Performanz und Sicherheit mit sich bringen kann in dem Maße, wie Menschen an die veränderten Aufgabenanforderungen adaptieren. Im Straßenverkehr wird insbesondere befürchtet, dass Fahrer sich zu stark auf Fahrerassistenzsysteme verlassen, sich teilweise aus der Fahraufgabe zurückziehen („abschalten“) und ihre Aufmerksamkeit fahrfremden Dingen widmen. Dies kann unter Umständen dazu führen, dass Fahrer im Falle von Systemfehlern oder –ausfällen nicht mehr in der Lage sind rechtzeitig und angemessen einzugreifen bzw. die Kontrolle über das Fahrzeug zu übernehmen.
Ziel der Dissertation war es zu untersuchen, inwieweit sich die Involviertheit von Fahrern in die Fahraufgabe verändert je stärker sie durch ein Assistenzsystem unterstützt werden (d.h., je stärker das System Teile der Fahraufgabe automatisiert). Um dies zu untersuchen wurden zwei theoretische Konzepte herangezogen: a) das Verlassen der Fahrer (auf ein System) und b) das Situationsbewusstsein der Fahrer. Basierend auf einer umfassenden Analyse der Forschungsliteratur zum Thema Automatisierung wurde ein theoretisches Rahmenmodell entwickelt, welches Veränderungen in der Involviertheit des Fahrers in die Fahraufgabe auf menschliche Adaptationsprozesse auf verschiedenen Ebenen zurückführt, die sich in Folge der veränderten Aufgabenanforderungen durch zunehmende Automatisierung ergeben. Dazu zählen Veränderungen in Einstellungen, sowie in kognitiven, energetischen, und motivationalen Prozessen. Um Veränderungen in diesen Prozessen zu untersuchen, wurde eine Vielzahl an objektiven und subjektiven Maßen erhoben.
Hauptgegenstand der Dissertation ist eine umfangreiche Fahrsimulatorstudie im Fahrsimulator mit Bewegungsplattform bei VTI (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) in Linköping, Schweden. Dabei kamen zwei Querführungsassistenzsysteme (ein Heading Control System und ein Lane Departure Warning System) zum Einsatz, die den Fahrer in unterschiedlichem Maße bei der Spurhaltung unterstützten. Im Gegensatz zu einem Großteil der bisherigen Studien wurden prozessorientierte Performanzmaße zur Erfassung des Verlassens der Fahrer auf die Assistenzsysteme und des Situationsbewusstseins der Fahrer verwendet. Das Verlassen der Fahrer auf die Querführungsassistenzsysteme wurde durch Blickverhaltensmaße über die Bereitschaft der Fahrer erfasst, ihre visuelle Aufmerksamkeit von der Straße ab hin zu einer Zweitaufgabe im Fahrzeuginnenraum zu wenden. Zur Messung des Situationsbewusstseins der Fahrer wurden Fahrverhaltensmaße herangezogen welche als Indikator für die Schnelligkeit und Abruptheit der Reaktionen der Fahrer auf unerwartete kritische Fahrsituationen dienten.
Ein Hauptbefund der Dissertation war, dass die Fahrer sich signifikant im Ausmaß ihres Verlassens auf einen hohen Grad an Assistenz unterschieden. Diese interindividuelle Varianz im Verlassen der Fahrer auf einen hohen Grad an Assistenz konnte am besten durch das Vertrauen der Fahrer in das Querführungsassistenzsystem und ihr Aktivierungsniveau erklärt werden: Je höher das Vertrauen der Fahrer in das System und je geringer ihr Aktivierungsniveau, desto stärker verließen sie sich auf das System. Individuelle Fahrermerkmale (Fahrstil) erklärten einen signifikanten Anteil der Varianz im Vertrauen der Fahrer in die Spurhalteassistenzsysteme.
(ersetzt wegen neuem Herausgeber)Advanced driver assistance systems are increasingly built in vehicles with the aim to support drivers while driving, to reduce driver errors and thereby to increase traffic safety. At present, these systems are often designed to warn drivers of specific safety risks (e.g., of an imminent departure from the driving lane). However, there is a trend towards systems that more strongly intervene in driving and that hence, automate parts of the driving task (e.g., autonomously keep the vehicle within the driving lane). However, research on human-machine interaction has shown that automation does not necessarily increase safety, but that it may also lead to unanticipated side effects on performance and safety to the extent that humans adapt to the changing task demands. A major concern in road traffic is that drivers rely too heavily on driver assistance systems, become less actively involved in the driving task, and divert their attention to things unrelated to driving. Thus, in the case of system malfunctions or failures, drivers possibly may not be prepared to intervene timely and accordingly and to regain control over the vehicle, respectively. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate changes in drivers’ active engagement in the driving task as a function of the degree to which they are supported by a driver assistance system (i.e., as a function of the degree to which the system automates the driving task). Drivers’ active task engagement was studied by referring to two theoretical concepts: a) drivers’ reliance (on a system) and b) drivers’ situation awareness. Based on an extensive review of previous research on automation, a conceptual theoretical framework was developed that links changes in operators’ active task engagement to human adaptation processes on different levels in response to the changing task demands due to automation. Among them are changes in human attitudes as well as in cognitive, motivational and energetic processes. In order to determine the relative influence of these processes, a range of objective and subjective measures was collected. The essential part of the dissertation is an extensive driving simulator study in an advanced moving-base driving simulator at VTI (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) in Linköping, Sweden. Two lateral support systems (a Heading Control system and a Lane Departure Warning system) were implemented which assisted drivers to different degrees in lane keeping. Contrary to most previous automation studies, drivers’ reliance on the lane keeping assistance systems and their situation awareness were studied by using process-oriented performance-based measures. Drivers’ reliance on the lane keeping assistance systems was assessed by eye glance behaviour measures indicating drivers’ preparedness to allocate their visual attention away from the road scene to an in-vehicle secondary task. Drivers’ situation awareness was assessed by behavioural measures of the latency and magnitude of drivers’ initial reactions to unexpected critical driving situations. A major finding of the study was that drivers differed significantly in their reliance on a high level of lane keeping assistance. This interindividual variance in drivers’ reliance on higher-level assistance could be best explained by drivers’ trust in the system and their energetic arousal: The greater drivers’ trust in the system and the lower their arousal, the more did they rely on the system. Individual driver variables (driving style) explained a significant proportion of the variance in drivers’ trust in the lane keeping assistance systems. (replaced because a new publisher)