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Journal articles on the topic 'Reconfigurable microstrip antennas'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Pandey, Shraddha, and Pankaj Vyas. "Review of Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch antenna for Wireless Application." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 7, no. 6 (June 22, 2019): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v7i6.5317.

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In recent time, world have seen a rapid growth in wireless communication. Development in antenna from single band to dual band and multi band had made the antenna system more compact. A frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna using a PIN diode for multiband operation is using many application and hot research area. In this paper, reconfigurable microstrip patch antennas and their types like frequency, polarization, radiation pattern and gain are described.

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2

Premalatha, J., D. Sheela, and M. Abinaya. "Reconfiguration of Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.6 (July 4, 2018): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.15130.

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Reconfigurable antennas provide a possible solution to solve the related problems using the ability to switch frequency, patterns and polarization. This paper represents a possible application in wireless communication using reconfigurable Microstrip patch antenna. The dielectric substrate of proposed circular Microstrip patch antenna is fabricated with FR 4 epoxy and patch design 40x40x1.6mm. This work provides a methodology to design reconfigurable antennas with PIN diode switch. The frequency reconfiguration achieved by PIN diodes At the range of 3 GHZ to 6.9 GHZ the frequency reconfigurability is realized. To resonate the antenna at various frequencies PIN diode is used. Simulation of Ansoft HFSS software is used to compute the gain, axial ratio, radiation pattern, and return loss of proposed antenna. The structure of circular patch antenna achieves an enhanced wide bandwidth. The results show a better frequency reconfiguration.

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3

Tu, Yuxiang, Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir, Naser Ojaroudi Parchin, Ahmed M. Abdulkhaleq, and Raed A. Abd-Alhameed. "A Survey on Reconfigurable Microstrip Filter–Antenna Integration: Recent Developments and Challenges." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081249.

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Reconfigurable and tunable radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) components have become exciting topics for many researchers and design engineers in recent years. Reconfigurable microstrip filter–antenna combinations have been studied in the literature to handle multifunctional tasks for wireless communication systems. Using such devices can reduce the need for many RF components and minimize the cost of the whole wireless system, since the changes in the performance of these applications are achieved using electronic tuning techniques. However, with the rapid development of current fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) applications, compact and reconfigurable structures with a wide tuning range are in high demand. However, meeting these requirements comes with some challenges, namely the increased design complexity and system size. Accordingly, this paper aims to discuss these challenges and review the recent developments in the design techniques used for reconfigurable filters and antennas, as well as their integration. Various designs for different applications are studied and investigated in terms of their geometrical structures and operational performance. This paper begins with an introduction to microstrip filters, antennas, and filtering antennas (filtennas). Then, performance comparisons between the key and essential structures for these aspects are presented and discussed. Furthermore, a comparison between several RF reconfiguration techniques, current challenges, and future developments is presented and discussed in this review. Among several reconfigurable structures, the most efficient designs with the best attractive features are addressed and highlighted in this paper to improve the performance of RF and MW front end systems.

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Singh, Prasanna Kumar, and Jasmine Saini. "RECONFIGURABLE MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS CONFORMAL TO CYLINDRICAL SURFACE." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 72 (2018): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl17111002.

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5

Bharathi, A., and P. Kavitha. "Polarization Reconfigurable Microstrip Antennas For Wireless Communication." CVR Journal of Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32377/cvrjst0206.

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Sheriba, T. S., and M. Murugan. "A Review on Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Antennas." i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks 4, no. 2 (September 15, 2015): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.2.3588.

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7

Wei, Feng, Xin Tong Zou, Xin Yi Wang, Bin Li, and Xi Bei Zhao. "A Differential UWB Quasi-Yagi Antenna with A Reconfigurable Notched Band." Frequenz 72, no. 9-10 (August 28, 2018): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0018.

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Abstract A compact differential ultra-wide band (UWB) planar quasi-Yagi antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a balanced stepped-impedance microstrip-slotline transition structure, a driver dipole and one parasitic strip. A wide differential-mode (DM) impedance bandwidth covering from 3.8 to 9.5 GHz is realized. Meanwhile, a high and wideband common-mode (CM) suppression can be achieved by employing the balanced stepped-impedance microstrip-slotline transition structure. It is noted that the DM passband is independent from the CM response, which can significantly simplify the design procedure. In addition, a reconfigurable sharp DM notched band from 5.6 to 6.7 GHz is generated by adding one pair of quarter-wavelength varactor-loaded short-circuited stubs adjacent to the microstrip line symmetrically. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the design, two prototypes of the antennas are designed, fabricated, and measured. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed.

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8

Zhang, Yong, Bing-Zhong Wang, and Xue-Song Yang. "Fractal Hilbert microstrip antennas with reconfigurable radiation patterns." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 49, no. 2 (2006): 352–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.22122.

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9

Jeen-Sheen Row and Jia-Fu Tsai. "Frequency-Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antennas With Circular Polarization." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13 (2014): 1112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2014.2330293.

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10

Hajian, M., B. Kuijpers, K. Buisman, A. Akhnoukh, M. Pelk, L. C. N. de Vreede, J. Zijdeveld, L. P. Ligthart, and C. Spitas. "Passive and Active Reconfigurable Scan-Beam Hollow Patch Reflectarray Antennas." ISRN Communications and Networking 2012 (May 6, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/290534.

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The design concept of passive and active reconfigurable reflectarray antennas has been proposed and tested. The antenna elements in the array are identical hollowed patches. In the first phase of study the slots are loaded with a SMD capacitor to set the required phase shift needed for array implementation. Simulations show promising results. Mounting a SMD capacitor in such a configuration can be considered as the first step in using capacitive loading on a slotted patch for active microstrip reflectarrays. It is shown that by adjusting the capacitance values it is possible to scan the beam. In the second phase, the patch elements are loaded with active varactor-diode device which its reflected phase can be varied. This phase alteration is based on the variation of the diode capacitance which can be achieved by varying the biasing voltage of the active varactor device. In latter approach by activating these varactor devices, the phase of each antenna element in the array configuration can be adopted dynamically and consequently, its beam direction can be reconfigured. The reflectarrays incorporating passive and active elements have been built and tested at 7.0 GHz and 6.0 GHz, respectively. The performance of the proposed reconfigurable antennas is excellent, and there is good agreement between the theoretical and measurement results which pioneers design of arbitrarily reconfigurable antennas.

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U, Namrutha, Arun Raaza, and Ramesh S. "Conformal Antenna for Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Airborne System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.1 (August 4, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.1.16800.

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The conformal antenna receives more consideration towards the coverage augmentation of contemporary wireless communication systems. The foremost unprejudiced of conformal antenna is to reduce aerodynamic drag in aircraft. Consequently designing frequency reconfigurable conformal antenna has become a key concern in the airborne system. This article reviews the state-of-the-art conformal antenna design by considering the challenges of reducing the aerodynamic drag in the airborne applications. Microstrip patch antennas represent compact antenna that offer a conformal nature and capability of equipped integration with communication system. In this work, microstrip patch antenna is designed for airborne system for drag reduction. The hybrid particle swarm and cuckoo search optimization algorithm is utilized for the length and width. Then the algorithm values are used for the calculation of effective length. The performance of the proposed method is compared with hybrid artificial neural network and firefly, genetic algorithm and analyzed.

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12

Gupta, Ravi Dutt, and Manoj Singh Parihar. "Dual/wideband hybrid DRA with reconfigurable operation." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 2 (November 2, 2015): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715001580.

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In this paper, a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a parasitic gap-coupled microstrip resonator (MSR) is investigated; analytically, and experimentally. The proposed antenna uses an open-ended half-wavelength MSR patch as a hybrid radiator. Radiating modes are identified for both the radiators. Two separate and fully independent modes are merged together to get an enhanced bandwidth. The antenna can offer three modes of operation, mode 1 (only DRA is active), mode 2 (only MSR is active), and the mode 3 (both DRA and MSR are active). In mode 3, the antenna offers a single wideband operation with ≈11% bandwidth by merging modes 1 and 2 with a broadside radiation pattern. Two switches are proposed to realize the three modes of operation. A p–i–n diode is utilized as switching element in simulations. Multiple antennas have been fabricated using a small metal strip as a switch to validate the proposal. Analytical, simulated, and measured results are found in harmony. A parametric study is done to describe the antenna characteristics. An approximate lumped element model is also extracted and presented.

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13

Eldek, Abdelnasser, Abubaker Abdallah, and Mahmoud Manzoul. "Reconfigurable Microstrip Double-Dipole Antennas for Personal Wireless Communications." Wireless Engineering and Technology 02, no. 02 (2011): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wet.2011.22009.

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14

Zhou, Lei, Satish K. Sharma, and Samuel K. Kassegne. "Reconfigurable microstrip rectangular loop antennas using RF MEMS switches." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, no. 1 (2007): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23042.

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15

Shah, S. M., M. F. M. Daud, Z. Z. Abidin, F. C. Seman, S. A. Hamzah, N. Katiran, and F. Zubir. "Frequency Reconfiguration Mechanism of a PIN Diode on a Reconfigurable Antenna for LTE and WLAN Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1893-1902.

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Microstrip patch antennas are increasingly gaining popularity for usage in portable wireless system applications due to their light weight, low profile structure, low cost of production and robust nature. The patch is generally made of a conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any possible shapes, but rectangular shapes are generally used to simplify analysis and performance prediction. Microstrip patch antenna radiates due to the fringing fields between the patch edge and ground plane. In this work, a frequency reconfigurable antenna with a BAR63-02V Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) diode is designed, simulated and fabricated. The antenna operates at 2.686GHz for Long-Term Evolution (LTE2500) and 5.164GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. In the OFF state, the antenna operates at 5.302GHz, which is also suitable for WLAN application. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a FR-4 substrate with a relative dielectric constant, εr of 4.5, thickness, h of 1.6mm and loss tangent, tan δ of 0.019. The fabrication process is carried out at the Advanced Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Design Laboratory in UTHM.

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Marhoon, Hamzah M., and Nidal Qasem. "Simulation and optimization of tuneable microstrip patch antenna for fifth-generation applications based on graphene." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 5546. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5546-5558.

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Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are known largely for their versatility in terms of feasible geometries, making them applicable in many distinct circumstances. In this paper, a graphene-based tuneable single/array rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) utilizing an inset feed technique designed to function in multiple frequency bands are used in a fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications system. The tuneable antenna is used to eliminate the difficulties caused by the narrow bandwidths typically associated with MPAs. The graphene material has a reconfigurable surface conductivity that can be adjusted to function at the required value, thus allowing the required resonance frequency to be selected. The simulated tuneable antenna comprises a copper radiating patch with four graphene strips used for tuning purposes and is designed to cover a wide frequency band. The proposed antenna can be tuned directly by applying a direct current (DC) voltage to the graphene strips, resulting in a variation in the surface impedance of the graphene strips and leading to shifts in the resonance frequency.

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17

Qin, Peng, Guan-Long Huang, Jia-Jun Liang, Qian-Yu Wang, Jun-Heng Fu, Xi-Yu Zhu, Tian-Ying Liu, Lin Gui, Jing Liu, and Zhong-Shan Deng. "A Gravity-Triggered Liquid Metal Patch Antenna with Reconfigurable Frequency." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060701.

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In this paper, a gravity-triggered liquid metal microstrip patch antenna with reconfigurable frequency is proposed with experimental verification. In this work, the substrate of the antenna is quickly obtained through three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Non-toxic EGaIn alloy is filled into the resin substrate as a radiation patch, and the NaOH solution is used to remove the oxide film of EGaIn. In this configuration, the liquid metal inside the antenna can be flexibly flowed and deformed with different rotation angles due to the gravity to realize different working states. To validate the conception, the reflection coefficients and radiation patterns of the prototyped antenna are then measured, from which it can be observed that the measured results closely follow the simulations. The antenna can obtain a wide operating bandwidth of 3.69–4.95 GHz, which coverage over a range of frequencies suitable for various channels of the 5th generation (5G) mobile networks. The principle of gravitational driving can be applied to the design of reconfigurable antennas for other types of liquid metals.

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18

Jabber, Abdullah Ali, and Raad H. Thaher. "Compact tri-band T-shaped frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1708.

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This paper presents, new compact tri-band and broadband frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications. The proposed antenna consists of an Ultrawideband sensing antenna and reconfigurable communicating antenna at the same substrate. The sensing antenna is a UWB printed elliptical monopole antenna operates at frequency band from 2.72 to 23.8 GHz which can cover the entire UWB frequency band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and cover the broadband up to 20 GHz. The communicating antenna is a T-shaped frequency reconfigurable antenna operates on three bands of 7.925 GHz, 13.16 GHz, and 14.48 GHz under (S11≤-10 dB) with a fractional bandwidth of 14.55%, 6.2%, and 3.3% respectively. The proposed antenna used to operate in two modes one for cognitive radio applications to cover WiMAX, land, Fixed and Mobile satellite, Radar, and broadband applications. The frequency reconfigurability is obtained by using only one RF switch (PIN diode) for changing the operating frequency. The antenna overall dimensions are 42x30x1.6 mm3 printed on an FR-4 epoxy substrate with relative dielectric constant εr=4.3, loss tangent tan (δ)=0.002 and 50Ω microstrip line feed. The maximum obtained simulated gain is 8.5 dB at 13.16 GHz. The S11 is under -20 dB and coupling between the two antennas is less than -15 dB at the resonant frequencies.

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19

Mohsen, Mowafak khadom, M. S. M. Isa, Z. Zakaria, A. A. M. Isa, M. K. Abdulhameed, and Mothana L. Attiah. "Control Radiation Pattern for Half Width Microstrip Leaky Wave Antenna by Using PIN Diodes." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 2959. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2959-2966.

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<p class="Default">In this paper, a novel design for single-layer half width microstrip leakywave antenna (HW-MLWA) is demonstrated. This model can be digitally control its radiation pattern at operation frequency and uses only two values of the bias voltage, with better impedance matching and insignificant gain variation. The scanning and controlling the radiation pattern of leaky-wave antennas (LWA) in steps at an operation frequency, by using switches PIN diodes, is investigated and a novel HW-MLWA is introduced. A control cell reconfigurable, that can be switched between two states, is the basic element of the antenna. The periodic LWA is molded by identical control cells where as a control radiation pattern is developed by combining numerous reconfigurable control cells. A gap capacitor is independently connected or disconnected in every unit cell by using a PIN diode switch to achieve fixedfrequency control radiation pattern scanning. The profile reactance at the free edge of (HW-MLWA) and thus the main lobe direction is altered by changing the states of the control cell. The antenna presented in this paper, can scan main beam between 18o to 44o at fixed frequency of 4.2 GHz with measured peak gain of 12.29 dBi.</p>

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20

Khan, Taimoor, and Asok De. "Hardware Neural Networks Modeling for Computing Different Performance Parameters of Rectangular, Circular, and Triangular Microstrip Antennas." Chinese Journal of Engineering 2014 (February 26, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/924927.

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In the last one decade, neural networks-based modeling has been used for computing different performance parameters of microstrip antennas because of learning and generalization features. Most of the created neural models are based on software simulation. As the neural networks show massive parallelism inherently, a parallel hardware needs to be created for creating faster computing machine by taking the advantages of the parallelism of the neural networks. This paper demonstrates a generalized neural networks model created on field programmable gate array- (FPGA-) based reconfigurable hardware platform for computing different performance parameters of microstrip antennas. Thus, the proposed approach provides a platform for developing low-cost neural network-based FPGA simulators for microwave applications. Also, the results obtained by this approach are in very good agreement with the measured results available in the literature.

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21

Koley, Santasri, Himanshu Pant, and Lakhindar Murmu. "Half-Elliptical UWB Planar Monopole with Reconfigurable Slot Antenna for Cognitive Radio Front-End." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 13 (August 3, 2018): 1850213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618502134.

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In this paper, a half-elliptical disc ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna integrated with a reconfigurable rectangular slot antenna is presented. It consists of a half-elliptical disc radiator to operate in the UWB mode whereas the etched rectangular slot on the half-elliptical patch is designed to operate as a reconfigurable narrowband slot antenna which is fed through a microstrip line from the back side of the patch. Both the antennas are placed in such a way that they are isolated to each other. Frequency reconfigurability has been achieved by inserting three lumped elements (two PIN diodes and a varactor diode) in the slot. An approximate transmission line model of the proposed slot antenna is derived to calculate the proper positioning of the diodes, and the design has been verified through numerical simulations. The simple compact proposed antenna covers a wide frequency range from 0.75 to 12[Formula: see text]GHz. Additionally, a wide tuning range from 0.8 to 2.9[Formula: see text]GHz (with the frequency ratio of 3.625:1) has been achieved. This compact integrated antenna is a good choice to be implemented in Cognitive Radio (CR) devices.

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22

Alharbi, Mohammed, Meshaal A. Alyahya, Subramanian Ramalingam, Anuj Y. Modi, Constantine A. Balanis, and Craig R. Birtcher. "Metasurfaces for Reconfiguration of Multi-Polarization Antennas and Van Atta Reflector Arrays." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081262.

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This paper discusses the application of metasurfaces for three different classes of antennas: reconfiguration of surface-wave antenna arrays, realization of high-gain polarization-reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas (LWAs), and performance enhancement of van Atta retrodirective reflectors. The proposed surface-wave antenna is designed by embedding four square ring elements within a metasurface, which improves matching and enhances the gain when compared to conventional square-ring arrays. The design for linear polarization comprises of a 1 × 4 arrangement of ring elements, with a 0.56λ spacing, placed amidst periodic patches. A 2 × 2 arrangement of ring elements is utilized for reconfiguration from linear to circular polarization, where a similar peak gain with better port isolation is realized. A prototype of the 2 × 2 array is fabricated and measured; a good agreement is observed between simulations and measurements. In addition, the concepts of the design of polarization-diverse holographic metasurface LWAs that form a pencil beam in the desired direction with a reconfigurable polarization are discussed. Moreover, recent developments incorporating polarization-reconfigurability in metasurface LWAs are briefly reviewed. In the end, the theory of van Atta arrays is outlined and their monostatic RCS is reviewed. A conventional retrodirective array is designed using aperture-coupled patch antennas with a microstrip-line feeding network, where the scattering from the structure itself degrades the performance of the reflector. This is followed by the integration of judiciously synthesized metasurfaces to reconfigure and improve the performance of retrodirective reflectarrays by removing the above-mentioned undesired scattering from the structure.

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23

Can Ding, Y. Jay Guo, Pei-Yuan Qin, and Yintang Yang. "A Compact Microstrip Phase Shifter Employing Reconfigurable Defected Microstrip Structure (RDMS) for Phased Array Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, no. 5 (May 2015): 1985–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2015.2408357.

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24

Majumdar, Budhaditya, and Karu P. Esselle. "EXTENDED TRANSMISSION-LINE MODELLING OF INSET-FED RECONFIGURABLE RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research B 68 (2016): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierb16041502.

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25

Shynu, S. V., Gijo Augustin, Chandroth Karuvandi Aanandan, Pezholil Mohanan, and Kesavath Vasudevan. "DESIGN OF COMPACT RECONFIGURABLE DUAL FREQUENCY MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS USING VARACTOR DIODES." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 60 (2006): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier05120101.

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26

Bharathi, Anantha, Lakshminarayana Merugu, and P. V. D. Somasekhar Rao. "Reconfigurable Corner Truncated Square Microstrip Patch Antennas for Wireless Communication Applications." IETE Journal of Research 66, no. 2 (June 20, 2018): 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2018.1478326.

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Redondo, Carlos, and Leandro de Haro. "On the Analysis and Design of Reconfigurable Multimode MIMO Microstrip Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, no. 1 (January 2014): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2013.2288975.

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Choi, Yu-Seong, Jeong-Su Park, and Wang-Sang Lee. "Beam-Reconfigurable Multi-Antenna System with Beam-Combining Technology for UAV-to-Everything Communications." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060980.

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This paper proposes a beam-reconfigurable antenna for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with wide beam coverage by applying beam-combining technology to multiple antennas with different beam patterns. The proposed multi-antenna system consists of a circular patch antenna and a low-profile printed meandered monopole antenna. For beam combining, a coplanar waveguide with ground (CPW-G) structure feeding network is proposed, and it consists of two input ports, a 90° hybrid coupler, a microstrip 90° phase delay line, and a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch. It performs the role of power distribution and phase adjustment, and synthesizes the broad-side beam of the monopole antenna and the end-fire beam of the patch antenna to form the directive broadside beams in four different directions. The proposed antenna system operates at 5–5.5 GHz which covers both UAV ground control frequencies (5.03–5.09 GHz) and UAV mission frequencies (5.091–5.150 GHz). The peak gain, total efficiency, and half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of the antenna system are approximately 5.8 dBi, 76%, 145° in the elevation plane, and 360° in the azimuth plane respectively. Its electrical size and weight are λ 0 × λ 0 × 0.21 λ 0 at 5.09 GHz and 19.2 g, respectively.

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Kin-Fai Tong and Jingjing Huang. "New Proximity Coupled Feeding Method for Reconfigurable Circularly Polarized Microstrip Ring Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 56, no. 7 (July 2008): 1860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2008.924736.

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30

Ouyang, Wei, Azadeh Vosoughi, and Xun Gong. "A frequency‐reconfigurable electronically‐steerable parasitic array radiator using microstrip patch antennas." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 62, no. 3 (November 24, 2019): 1409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.32166.

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Youngje Sung. "Investigation Into the Polarization of Asymmetrical- Feed Triangular Microstrip Antennas and its Application to Reconfigurable Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, no. 4 (April 2010): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2009.2036277.

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Sung, Young-Je. "A Corner-Truncated Equilateral-Triangular Microstrip Antenna and Its Applications for Reconfigurable Antennas with Polarization Diversity." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 19, no. 10 (October 31, 2008): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2008.19.10.1159.

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Khaledian, Seiran, Farhad Farzami, Besma Smida, and Danilo Erricolo. "Robust Self-Interference Cancellation for Microstrip Antennas by Means of Phase Reconfigurable Coupler." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, no. 10 (October 2018): 5574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2860623.

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Huff, G. H., and J. T. Bernhard. "Integration of Packaged RF MEMS Switches With Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Square Spiral Microstrip Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, no. 2 (February 2006): 464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2005.863409.

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35

Casado, Félix, Aitor Arriola, Egoitz Arruti, Iñaki Ortego, and Juan I. Sancho. "Pin diodes and their impact on reconfigurable compact microstrip antennas with high frequency-ratio." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 56, no. 11 (August 27, 2014): 2676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.28667.

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Shirkolaei, M. Mohammadi, and M. Jafari. "A new class of wideband microstrip falcate patch antennas with reconfigurable capability at circular‐polarization." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 62, no. 12 (July 18, 2020): 3922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.32529.

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Nugroho, Bambang Setia, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, and Eko Tjipto Rahardjo. "Lossy-Transmission-Line Analysis of Frequency Reconfigurable Rectangular-Ring Microstrip Antenna." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2014 (November 13, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/303581.

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An analytical model for a frequency reconfigurable rectangular-ring microstrip antenna is proposed. The resonant frequencies and input impedance of the reconfigurable antenna are analyzed using a lossy-transmission-line (LTL) model. By making use of Y-admittance matrices, a formulation for the input impedance is analytically derived. The structure of the frequency reconfigurable antenna consists of a rectangular-ring shaped microstrip antenna which is loaded with a rectangular patch in the middle of the rectangular-ring antenna and fed by a microstrip line. RF switches are applied to connect the load to the antenna in order to reconfigure the operating frequencies. By modeling the antenna into a multiport equivalent circuit, the total input impedance is analytically derived to predict the resonant frequencies. To verify the analysis, the model input impedance and reflection coefficient calculation have been compared with the full-wave simulation and measurement results. The proposed model shows good agreement with full-wave simulated and measured results in the range of 1–3 GHz.

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38

Wang, Sheng-lan, Jing-Song Hong, Yan Deng, and Zhi-jian Chen. "A Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna based on Few Layer Graphene." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 5 (June 14, 2021): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360508.

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In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable antenna was presented. This antenna is made up of a square loop and a microstrip line with a gap, in which the few layer graphene (FLG) sheet is located to achieve frequency reconfigurable. FLG is likes a lumped resistor with resistance. And the surface impedance can be adjusted by applying a direct current bias voltage, which obtains two work modes that imitate switch. Additionally, the experimental evidence show the proposed frequency reconfigurable antenna can provide a tunable bandwidth.

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39

Silva, L. G., A. A. C. Alves, and Arismar Cerqueira Sodré. "Optically Controlled Reconfigurable Filtenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7161070.

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This work is regarding the development of a novel antenna called optically controlled reconfigurable filtenna, which is based on the integration of a broadband printed antenna with a bandpass reconfigurable RF filter. The filter is designed by applying defected microstrip structure (DMS) technique and positioned in printed antenna feeding line in order to keep the same size of the original antenna. The filtenna bandwidth is optically reconfigurable by using two photoconductive silicon switches excited by CW laser at 808 nm. Numerical results rely on independent and switchable operational modes through the 2.4 and 5.1 GHz ISM bands, whereas measurements demonstrate two reconfigurable modes based on single-band/dual-band operation over the same frequency bands. The proposed device is validated by theoretical, numerical, and experimental results.

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Singh, Dinesh Kumar, Binod Kumar Kanaujia, Santanu Dwari, Ganga Prasad Pandey, and Sandeep Kumar. "Reconfigurable circularly polarized capacitive coupled microstrip antenna." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 4 (May 11, 2016): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000611.

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The design and measurement of reconfigurable circularly polarized capacitive fed microstrip antenna are presented. Small isosceles right angle triangular sections are removed from diagonally opposite corners for the generation of circular polarization (CP) of axial ratio bandwidth of 11.1%. Horizontal slits of different lengths are inserted at the edges of the truncated patch to provide the dual-band CP and by switching PIN diodes across the slits ON and OFF, reconfigurable circularly polarized antenna is realized. The antenna shows dual-band behavior with reconfigurable CP. In order to enhance the operation bandwidth of the antenna, an inclined slot was embedded on the patch along with PIN diodes across the horizontal slits. This proposed antenna gave an impedance bandwidth of 66.61% (ON state) ranging from 4.42 to 8.80 GHz and 68.42% (OFF state) ranging from 4.12 to 8.91 GHz and exhibits dual-frequency CP with PIN diode in OFF state and single-frequency CP with PIN diode in ON state with good axial ratio bandwidth. The axial ratio bandwidth of 4.42, 2.35, and 2.72% is obtained from the antenna. The antenna has a similar radiation pattern in all the three different CP bands and almost constant gain within the bands of CP operation.

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41

Bui, Cong, Thanh Dang, Minh Doan, and Truong Nguyen. "A Frequency and Polarization Reconfigurable Dual-Patch Microstrip A Frequency and Polarization Reconfigurable Dual-Patch Microstrip." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360206.

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This paper proposes a reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna design for wireless ISM band applications. The antenna simultaneously uses PIN Diodes to switch between linear and circular polarization at 2.45 GHz and uses Varactor Diode to continuously tune the operating frequency from 1.73 GHz to 2.45 GHz. The antenna performance is characterized as a combination of ON/OFF state of PIN Diode and a bias voltage of Varactor Diode varying from 0.8V to 10V. A good agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained which validates the proposed method. The proposed frequency/polarization reconfigurable antenna is promising for various applications in wireless ISM band such as DCS (1710 – 1880 MHz), PCS (1850 – 1990 MHz), GSM 1800, GSM 1900, UMTS (1920 – 2170 MHz) and WiFi/Bluetooth (2.4 – 2.5 GHz).

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Yang, Hailong, Xiaoli Xi, Lili Wang, Yuchen Zhao, Xiaomin Shi, and Yanning Yuan. "Design of reconfigurable filtering ultra-wideband antenna with switchable band-notched functions." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718001587.

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AbstractA compact reconfigurable filtering ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with switchable band-notched functions is proposed. The basic structure of the proposed design is a filtering slot antenna with good band-edge selectivity using stepped impedance resonator feeding line. The reconfigurability is achieved by using two microstrip lines paralleling to the feeding line and two PIN diodes. The reconfigurable structure and bias circuit of the antenna are relatively simple and are not connected to the radiation structure, so they have little negative influence on the radiation characteristics of the antenna. Total four states could be achieved by using two PIN diodes to short the microstrip lines and ground. To verify the performance of the final design, multiple measured and simulated results in frequency and time domain are studied and analyzed. The measured results agreed very well with simulation. Compared with the traditional UWB antenna, the proposed antenna has advantages in size, filtering function in-band and out-of-band, and tunable states for multiple UWB applications.

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Wu, W., B. Z. Wang, and S. Sun. "Pattern Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 19, no. 1 (January 2005): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569393052955125.

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44

Lai, C. H., T. Y. Han, and T. R. Chen. "Circularly-Polarized Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 23, no. 2-3 (January 1, 2009): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939309787604373.

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45

Han, Tuan-Yung, Chuang Jiashih Shih, and Jeen-Sheen Row. "Polarization reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 55, no. 3 (January 28, 2013): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.27374.

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46

Tsai, Jia-Fu, and Jeen-Sheen Row. "Reconfigurable Square-Ring Microstrip Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, no. 5 (May 2013): 2857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2013.2244554.

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47

dos Santos Silveira, Eduardo, Felix Antreich, and Daniel Chagas do Nascimento. "Frequency-reconfigurable SIW microstrip antenna." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 124 (September 2020): 153333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2020.153333.

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48

Sharma, Sonia, and Chandra Charu Tripathi. "Wideband to concurrent tri-band frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000763.

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This paper proposes a novel wideband to concurrent tri-band frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna. The frequency reconfiguration is achieved by using a pair of PIN diodes in the antenna feed line to switch the antenna either in wideband mode or in concurrent tri-band mode. In order to improve the bandwidth and gain of the antenna for wideband operation, the properties of J-K inverter and split ring resonators are exploited. To demonstrate the versatility of this concept a prototype is fabricated and tested here. The tested results in wideband mode shows that the proposed antenna operates from 3.58 to –3.82 GHz, which is 4.08 times larger than the bandwidth of a simple microstrip patch antenna. In the concurrent tri-band mode frequency tuning is done by microstrip open stub at 1.5 GHz, 1.9 GHz, and 3.5 GHz. Gain of the proposed antenna is better than 2.7 dB in wideband mode and 2.7 dB in concurrent tri-band mode.

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49

Sun, Mingyu, Zhe Zhang, Kang An, Xianghui Wang, Yuezhi Jiang, and Aixin Chen. "Dual-Sense Circular Polarization Antenna Based on Reconfigurable Orthogonal Network." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (November 7, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1670786.

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A novel circular polarization (CP) reconfigurable microstrip antenna is presented. The CP reconfigurable antenna is divided into three layers, composed of an annular radiating patch, ring slot, and reconfigurable orthogonal network (RON). The designed antenna is fed by dual vertical branches at the output port of the RON. By adjusting the bias voltage of the PIN switch loaded on the reconfigurable orthogonal network, the output phase can be changed, which means that the polarization direction of CP antenna is switchable. Simulation results show that the proposed feeding network provides constant phase difference and lower insertion loss for both states in the operating frequency band, thereby achieving good match and axial ratio characteristics either LHCP or RHCP state. Measured results show that the proposed antenna exhibits operational bandwidth of 1.2% with axial ratio below 3 dB and return loss above 10 dB in both polarized states. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained.

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50

Kawdungta, Supakit, and Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich. "Circularly polarized reconfigurable microstrip loop antenna using parasitic patches and PIN diodes." Frequenz 74, no. 7-8 (July 28, 2020): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2019-0160.

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AbstractThis research proposes a novel circularly polarized (CP) reconfigurable microstrip loop antenna for 2.4–2.5 GHz advanced wireless communication using two parasitic patches and two PIN diodes. The reconfigurable antenna can alternate between right hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left hand circular polarization (LHCP) at the main beam by manipulating the ON/OFF status of the PIN diodes. Simulations were carried out for the optimal antenna parameters, and an antenna prototype was fabricated and experiments were undertaken. The simulation and measured results are in good agreement. The antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 2.4–2.5 GHz and unidirectional radiation pattern with a maximum gain of 5 dBic and 3-dB axial ratio for both RHCP and LHCP. As a result, the proposed reconfigurable antenna could be utilized to improve wireless communication performance. In essence, the novelty of this research lies in the utilization of parasitic patches and shorted PIN diodes to transform linear to circular polarization; and the reconfigurability of polarization between RHCP and LHCP.

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