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Journal articles on the topic 'Reconfigurable transport layer protocol'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

AdeebAbdulJabbar, Mohammed, Ali Makki Sagheer, and Ayoob Abdulmonem Abdulhameed. "Transport Layer Security Protocol for Intranet." International Journal of Computer Applications 81, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/13976-1971.

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2

Kushwah, Deepika Singh, Mahesh Kumar, and Lal Pratap Verma. "Analyzing Reliable Transport Layer Protocol Performance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1714 (January 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1714/1/012040.

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3

Voydock, Victor L., and Stephen T. Kent. "Security mechanisms in a transport layer protocol." Computers & Security 4, no. 4 (December 1985): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(85)90051-3.

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4

Ahuja, Sanjay P., and W. Russell Shore. "Wireless Transport Layer Congestion Control Evaluation." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 1, no. 3 (July 2011): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2011070105.

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The performance of transport layer protocols can be affected differently due to wireless congestion, as opposed to network congestion. Using an active network evaluation strategy in a real world test-bed experiment, the Transport Control Protocol (TCP), Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), and Stream Control Transport Protocol (SCTP) were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in terms of throughput, fairness, and smoothness. Though TCP’s fairness was shown to suffer in wireless congestion, the results showed that it still outperforms the alternative protocols in both wireless congestion, and network congestion. In terms of smoothness, the TCP-like congestion control algorithm of DCCP did outperform TCP in wireless congestion, but at the expense of throughput and ensuing fairness. SCTP’s congestion control algorithm was also found to provide better smoothness in wireless congestion. In fact, it provided smoother throughput performance than in the network congestion.

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5

Zheng, Kai. "Enabling “Protocol Routing”: Revisiting Transport Layer Protocol Design in Internet Communications." IEEE Internet Computing 21, no. 6 (November 2017): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mic.2017.4180845.

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6

Johansson, S. "Transport network involving a reconfigurable WDM network layer-a European demonstration." Journal of Lightwave Technology 14, no. 6 (June 1996): 1341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.511665.

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7

Wu, Zheng, Yi Sun, Jiankang Wu, and Shiwei Ye. "Robust Multi-Path Zone Routing Protocol for Video Transport Over Reconfigurable Wireless Networks." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 51, no. 2 (August 16, 2007): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-007-0106-1.

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8

C.Shah, Jaimin, Kaushika Patel, Sameer D. Trapasiya, and J. M. Rathod J.M.Rathod. "Study for Implementation of VANET with Transport Layer Protocol." International Journal of Computer Applications 89, no. 19 (March 26, 2014): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/15739-4687.

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9

ELBrak, Mohamed, Said EL Brak, and Mohamed Essaaidi. "An Innovative Transport Layer Protocol for Smart Grid Communications." International Journal of Computer Applications 96, no. 15 (June 18, 2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/16872-6770.

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10

., Ashwini D. Karanjawane. "TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOL FOR URGENT DATA TRANSMISSION IN WSN." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 11 (November 25, 2013): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0211014.

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11

Ray, Asok, and Shashi Phoha. "Service access procedure (SAP) for a transport layer protocol." Telematics and Informatics 5, no. 1 (January 1988): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0736-5853(88)80009-1.

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12

Lin, H. P. "Modeling a transport layer protocol using first-order logic." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 16, no. 3 (August 1986): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1013812.18184.

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13

Suherman, S., Sihar P. Panjaitan, and Andi Gunanta Ginting. "Impact Transport Layer Protocol Performances to the Encrypted Traffics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1235 (June 2019): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1235/1/012032.

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14

Suherman, Suherman, Marwan Al-Akaidi, and Naemah Mubarakah. "A Transport Layer Protocol for Uplink WiMAX Video Streaming." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2015.10.1.3.

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15

Murphy, S. L., and A. U. Shankar. "Service specification and protocol construction for the transport layer." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 18, no. 4 (August 1988): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/52325.52334.

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16

Murphy, S. L., and A. U. Shankar. "A verified connection management protocol for the transport layer." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 17, no. 5 (October 1987): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/55483.55495.

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17

Rupani, Chirag K., and Trilok C. Aseri. "An improved transport layer protocol for wireless sensor networks." Computer Communications 34, no. 6 (May 2011): 758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2010.09.013.

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18

El-Gendy, Hazem Mostafa, and Ihab ElSayed Talkhan. "Towards Standardized Conformance Test Suite for ISO Transport Layer Protocol." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 2 (December 28, 2013): 3268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v12i2.3291.

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In this paper, we develop a sound Conformance Test Suite for the Transport Layer Protocol Internationally standardized by both ISO and IEC.Â This is to test the implementations of the protocol, promote and facilitate standardized test suites, and promote the use of formal methods.Â We use formal methods for the generation of testing sequences to make the results sound.Â The protocol is formally specified in Lotos; the ISO/IEC Formal Description Technique for computer/communications protocols and distributed systems.

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19

S, Tyagi. "Quantifying the Impact of Flood Attack on Transport Layer Protocol." International Journal on Computational Science & Applications 4, no. 6 (December 31, 2014): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsa.2014.4607.

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20

Huang, Henna, and Vincent W. S. Chan. "Optical Flow-Switched Transport Layer Protocol Design and Performance Analysis." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 6, no. 9 (August 28, 2014): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.6.000801.

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21

Ridgewell, Justin, and Hala ElAarag. "Network-coded internet-friendly transport protocol." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748301817693847.

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This paper presents the design of network-coded TCP (NCTCP). NCTCP is a reliable TCP-like transport protocol that uses network coding to dramatically improve the overall performance in networks with lossy links. By sending datagrams that represent a linear combination of packets, we are able to receive data in an orderless fashion and still push data in byte-correct order to the receiver.s application layer. To eliminate roundoff errors, we generate consecutive-ones linear combinations of packets that form totally unimodular matrices. We then decode these datagrams using an efficient technique. In addition, NCTCP has an additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) congestion control mechanism that uses round-trip times to increase the performance on wireless networks without hurting the performance on wired networks. Unlike TCP.s AIMD mechanism, NCTCP does not use a congestion window. Furthermore, NCTCP can be implemented in user space and hence does not need any changes to the kernel. We test our protocol using ns-2 simulator using several performance measurements, namely, throughput, goodput, efficiency and receiver efficiency. Our simulations show that NCTCP performs better than standard TCP implementations and previously proposed network coding protocols; TCP/NC and CTCP. We also demonstrate that NCTCP is TCP-friendly and maintains the fairness property essential for the health of the internet.

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22

Naguib, Mohamed, Yahya Mohasseb, Hisham Dahshan, and Ahmed Elghandour. "An Enhanced Transport Layer Protocol for Cognitive Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." International Conference on Electrical Engineering 11, no. 11 (April 1, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iceeng.2018.30160.

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23

Matsuzawa, Tomofumi, and Keisuke Shimazu. "Implementation and Evaluation of Transport Layer Protocol Executing Error Correction (ECP)." Communications and Network 06, no. 03 (2014): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cn.2014.63019.

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24

Murphy, S. L., and A. U. Shankar. "Connection management for the transport layer: service specification and protocol verification." IEEE Transactions on Communications 39, no. 12 (1991): 1762–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.120163.

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25

Liu, Zheng. "A Novel Transport Layer Protocol for Multi-Level Wireless Sensor Networks." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.74.

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This paper presents a novel transport layer protocol for multi-level wireless sensor networks. The node of lower level uses a lightweight transmission protocol, which predigests the head of segment and a six-state finite state machine is applied. In order to make the highest nodes convenient for connecting with exterior networks, we modify TCP in the aspects of segment caching and local segment retransmissions, and use the TCP modified in wireless sensor networks directly. Simulation results show that our design can improve the communication capability of the transmission layer in multilevel wireless sensor networks greatly.

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26

J. Nayak, Amitkumar, and Amit P. Ganatra. "Modeling Transport Layer Protocol Behaviour to Improve Data Center Network Performance." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.15855.

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Today, there is a generalized standard usage of internet for all.The devices via multiple technologies that facilitates to provide few communication methods to scholars to work with. By forming multiple paths in the data center network, latest generation data centers offer maximum bandwidth with robustness. To utilize this bandwidth, it is necessary that different data flows take separate paths. In brief, a single-path transport seems inappropriate for such networks. By using Multipath TCP, we must reconsider data center networks, with a diverse approach as to the association between topology, transport protocols, routing. Multipath TCP allows certain topologies that single path TCP cannot use. In newer generation data centers, Multipath TCP is already deployable using extensively deployed technologies such as Equal-cost multipath routing. But, major benefits will come when data centers are specifically designed for multipath transports. Due to manifold of technologies like Cloud computing, social networking, and information networks there is a need to deploy the number of large data centers. While Transport Control Protocol is the leading Layer-3 transport protocol in data center networks, the operating conditions like high bandwidth, small-buffered switches, and traffic patterns causes poor performance of TCP. Data Center TCP algorithm has newly been anticipated as a TCP option for data centers which address these limitations. It is worth noting that traditional TCP protocol.

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27

Su, Yishan, Rong Fan, and Zhigang Jin. "ORIT: A Transport Layer Protocol Design for Underwater DTN Sensor Networks." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 69592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918561.

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28

Lechner, B. J., R. Chernock, M. K. Eyer, A. Goldberg, and M. S. Goldman. "The ATSC Transport Layer, Including Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP)." Proceedings of the IEEE 94, no. 1 (January 2006): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2005.861717.

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29

Rouil, Richard, Nada Golmie, and Nicolas Montavont. "Media independent handover transport using cross-layer optimized stream control transmission protocol." Computer Communications 33, no. 9 (June 2010): 1075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2010.02.004.

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30

Kİraz, Ayhan, and Murat Çakiroğlu. "ALORT: a transport layer protocol using adaptive loss recovery method for WSN." Sādhanā 42, no. 7 (June 6, 2017): 1091–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12046-017-0677-x.

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31

Varma, Arunima, and Srija UniKrishnan. "Effect of payload security in MQTT protocol over transport and application layer." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1166, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1166/1/012019.

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32

Claeys, Timothy, Mališa Vučinić, Thomas Watteyne, Franck Rousseau, and Bernard Tourancheau. "Performance of the Transport Layer Security Handshake Over 6TiSCH." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062192.

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This paper presents a thorough comparison of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) v1.2 and Datagram TLS (DTLS) v1.2 handshake in 6TiSCH networks. TLS and DTLS play a crucial role in protecting daily Internet traffic, while 6TiSCH is a major low-power link layer technology for the IoT. In recent years, DTLS has been the de-facto security protocol to protect IoT application traffic, mainly because it runs over lightweight, unreliable transport protocols, i.e., UDP. However, unlike the DTLS record layer, the handshake requires reliable message delivery. It, therefore, incorporates sequence numbers, a retransmission timer, and a fragmentation algorithm. Our goal is to study how well these mechanisms perform, in the constrained setting of 6TiSCH, compared to TCP’s reliability algorithms, relied upon by TLS. We port the mbedTLS library to OpenWSN, a 6TiSCH reference implementation, and deploy the code on the state-of-the-art OpenMote platform. We show that, when the peers use an ideal channel, the DTLS handshake uses up to 800 less and completes 0.6 s faster. Nonetheless, using an unreliable communication link, the DTLS handshake duration suffers a performance penalty of roughly 45%, while TLS’ handshake duration degrades by merely 15%. Similarly, the number of exchanged bytes doubles for DTLS while for TLS the increase is limited to 15%. The results indicate that IoT product developers should account for network characteristics when selecting a security protocol. Neglecting to do so can negatively impact the battery lifetime of the entire constrained network.

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33

Nikitinskiy, M. A., and D. Ju Chalyy. "Performance Analysis of the Transport Protocols Trickles and TCP under High-load Network Conditions." Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems 19, no. 4 (February 28, 2015): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2012-4-37-47.

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We study the performance of the Trickles protocol which is a transport-layer protocol for the TCP/IP architecture. We have implemented the original model of the Trickles protocol for the ns-2 simulator and defined performance metrics which were measured using ns-2 simulations.

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34

Reddy, N. Ramanjaneya, Chenna Reddy Pakanati, and M. Padmavathamma. "Performance Enhancement of TCP Friendly Rate Control Protocol over Wired networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 2949. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.12560.

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<p>One of the main aims of transport layer protocol is achieving best throughput without any congestion or reduced congestion. With rapid growing application needs and with increasing number of networks in Internet, there is a primary need to design new protocols to transport layer. To transmit multimedia applications, one of the suitable congestion control mechanisms in transport layer is TCP Friendly Rate Control Protocol (TFRC). It controls congestion based on its equation. However, every packet requires an acknowledgement in TFRC. It creates congestion in the network when the transmitted data is very large, which results in reduced throughput. This paper aims to increase the throughput when the transmitted data is large with minimal congestion by reducing the number of acknowledgements in the network. We modified some fixed parameters in the TFRC equation. The results show the increased throughput with minimal congestion.</p>

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35

Reddy, N. Ramanjaneya, Chenna Reddy Pakanati, and M. Padmavathamma. "Performance Enhancement of TCP Friendly Rate Control Protocol over Wired networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 2949. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2949-2954.

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<p>One of the main aims of transport layer protocol is achieving best throughput without any congestion or reduced congestion. With rapid growing application needs and with increasing number of networks in Internet, there is a primary need to design new protocols to transport layer. To transmit multimedia applications, one of the suitable congestion control mechanisms in transport layer is TCP Friendly Rate Control Protocol (TFRC). It controls congestion based on its equation. However, every packet requires an acknowledgement in TFRC. It creates congestion in the network when the transmitted data is very large, which results in reduced throughput. This paper aims to increase the throughput when the transmitted data is large with minimal congestion by reducing the number of acknowledgements in the network. We modified some fixed parameters in the TFRC equation. The results show the increased throughput with minimal congestion.</p>

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36

Larmo, Anna, Antti Ratilainen, and Juha Saarinen. "Impact of CoAP and MQTT on NB-IoT System Performance." Sensors 19, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010007.

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The IoT protocols used for data transfer in the application layer, namely the Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) and Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) have dependencies to the transport layer. The choice of transport, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), on the other hand, has an impact on the Internet of Things (IoT) application level performance, especially over a wireless medium. Furthermore, we touch upon the impact of different security solutions. The motivation of this work is to look at the impact of the protocol stack on performance over a narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) link. The use case studied is infrequent small reports sent from the sensor device to a central cloud storage over a last mile radio access link. We find that while CoAP/UDP based transport performs consistently better both in terms of latency, coverage, and system capacity, MQTT/TCP also works when the system is less loaded.

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37

Weng, Hui Min, Ming He Huang, Hao Wang, Chang Qiao Xu, and Kai Liu. "The Analysis and Simulation of Stream Control Transmission Protocol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1795.

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Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a new generation of reliable transport layer protocol, unlike TCP, it has new features of multi-homing and multi-streaming, and has good scalability. SCTP is expected to replace TCP as the next generation of universal transport layer protocol. We introduce and analyze the basic structure and features of SCTP, introduce the related research of SCTP, including the implementation method of mobile SCTP and the Concurrent Multipath Transfer mechanism. Finally, compared and analyzed the performance of TCP, SCTP and SCTP-CMT by the ns-2 simulations, results show that in the case of multiple paths are available, the transmission performance of SCTP and SCTP-CMT are both better than TCP.

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38

., Sonia Choudhary. "PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF RE-SHUFFLING PACKET ATTACK ON TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOL IN MANET." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 10 (October 25, 2013): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0210075.

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39

Sarode, Sambhaji, and Jagdish Bakal. "PriTLP: A Priority-based Transport Layer Protocol for Low Rate Wireless Sensor Networks." American Journal of Sensor Technology 4, no. 1 (August 26, 2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajst-4-1-3.

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40

Suherman, S., Naemah Mubarakah, and Marwan Al-Akaidi. "Minimizing Energy Consumption on Mobile Phone by Rearranging Transport Protocol Load." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.15350.

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There are two transport layer protocols that have been used in the internet protocol (IP) networks: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Both protocols have been utilized for video streaming applications. This paper examines energy consumed by a mobile device when TCP or UDP employed by the application within it for streaming a video file. A transport protocol load management is proposed to reduce the mobile device energy consumptions. The experiments were conducted in the 802.11 environment. The results show that the proposed method is able to minimize mobile device energy consumptions up to 10.7% and 3.34% for both TCP and UDP protocols.

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41

Kumar Saini, Rakesh, Ritika Ritika, and Sandip Vijay. "Data Flow in Wireless Sensor Network Protocol Stack by using Bellman-Ford Routing Algorithm." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v6i1.577.

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Wireless sensor network consists various sensor nodes that are used to monitor any target area like forest fire detection by our army person and monitoring any industrial activity by industry manager. Wireless sensor networks have been deployed in several cities to monitor the concentration of dangerous gases for citizens. In wireless sensor network when sensor nodes communicate from each other then routing protocol are used for communication between protocol layers. Wireless sensor network protocol stack consist five layers such as Application layer, Transport layer, Network layer, MAC Layer, Physical layer. In this paper we study and analysis Bellman-Ford routing algorithm and check the flow of data between these protocol layers. For simulation purpose we are using Qualnet 5.0.2 simulator tool.

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42

Ye, Jianting, Yijin Zhang, and Yoshihiro Iwasa. "Ambipolar transport in MoS2 based electric double layer transistors." MRS Proceedings 1549 (2013): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.792.

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ABSTRACTMaking field effect transistors (FETs) on thin flake of single crystal isolated from layered materials was pioneered by the success of graphene. To overcome the difficulties of the zero band gap in graphene electronics, we report the fabrication of an electric double layer (EDL) transistor, a variant of FET, based on another layered material, MoS2. Using strong carrier tunability found in EDL coupled by ion movement, MoS2 transistor displayed an unambiguously ambipolar operation in addition to its commonly observed n-type transport. A high on/off ratio >104, large “ON” state conductivity of ∼mS, and a high reachable n2D ∼ 1×1014 cm-2 confirmed the high performance transistor operation being important for application. The high-density carriers of both holes and electrons can drive the MoS2 channel to metallic states indicating that new electronic phases could be accessed using the protocol established in making EDL gated transistors on layered materials.

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43

Razi, Fakhrur, Ipan Suandi, and Fahmi Fahmi. "Energy Consumption Optimization by Increasing The Processor Speed of Moving Communication Devices in Transport Layer Protocol." Jurnal Litek : Jurnal Listrik Telekomunikasi Elektronika 16, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/litek.v16i2.1316.

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The energy efficiency of mobile devices becomes very important, considering the development of mobile device technology starting to lead to smaller dimensions and with the higher processor speed of these mobile devices. Various studies have been conducted to grow energy-aware in hardware, middleware and application software. The step of optimizing energy consumption can be done at various layers of mobile communication network architecture. This study focuses on examining the energy consumption of mobile devices in the transport layer protocol, where the processor speed of the mobile devices used in this experiment is higher than the processor speed used in similar studies. The mobile device processor in this study has a speed of 1.5 GHz with 1 GHz RAM capacity. While in similar studies that have been carried out, mobile device processors have a speed of 369 MHz with a RAM capacity of less than 0.5 GHz. This study conducted an experiment in transmitting mobile data using TCP and UDP protocols. Because the video requires intensive delivery, so the video is the traffic that is being reviewed. Energy consumption is measured based on the amount of energy per transmission and the amount of energy per package. To complete the analysis, it can be seen the strengths and weaknesses of each protocol in the transport layer protocol, in this case the TCP and UDP protocols, also evaluated the network performance parameters such as delay and packet loss. The results showed that the UDP protocol consumes less energy and transmission delay compared to the TCP protocol. However, only about 22% of data packages can be transmitted. Therefore, the UDP protocol is only effective if the bit rate of data transmitted is close to the network speed. Conversely, despite consuming more energy and delay, the TCP protocol is able to transmit nearly 96% of data packets. On the other hand, when compared to mobile devices that have lower processor speeds, the mobile devices in this study consume more energy to transmit video data. However, transmission delay and packet loss can be suppressed. Thus, mobile devices that have higher processor speeds are able to optimize the energy consumed to improve transmission quality.Key words: energy consumption, processor, delay, packet loss, transport layer protocol

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44

Khalifa, Othman O., Raihan Jannati Binti Roslin, and Sharif Shah Newaj Bhuiyan. "Improved voice quality with the combination of transport layer & audio codec for wireless devices." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i2.1490.

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Improving voice quality over wireless communication becomes a demanding feature for social media apps like facebook, whatsapp and other communication channels. Voice-over-internet protocol (VoIP) helps us to make quick telephone calls over the internet. It includes various mechanism which are signaling, controlling and transport layer. Over wireless links, packet loss and high transmission delay damage voice quality. Here VoIP quality will be measured by three main elements which are signaling protocol, audio codec and transport layer. To improve the overall voice quality, we need to combine these three elements properly to get the best score. Otherwise perceptual speech quality will not be the right tool to measure the voice quality. Here we will use Mean Opinion Score (MOS) for calculated jitter values and end to end delay. At the end, best combination of audio codec signaling protocol produced the quality speech.

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45

Kang, Zhenye, Shaun M. Alia, Feng-Yuan Zhang, and Guido Bender. "Optimizing the Porous Transport Layer and Catalyst Layer Interfacial Contact and Operating Protocol for PEM Water Electrolyzer Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-02, no. 38 (November 23, 2020): 2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-02382462mtgabs.

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46

Montazerolghaem, Ahmadreza, Seyed-Amin Hosseini-Seno, Mohammad Hossein Yaghmaee, and Rahmat Budiarto. "High Load Control Mechanism for SIP Servers." Computer Engineering and Applications Journal 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2016): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18495/comengapp.v5i2.167.

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To start voice, image, instant messaging, and generally multimedia communication, session communication must begin between two participants. SIP (session initiation protocol) that is an application layer control induces management and terminates this kind of sessions. As far as the independence of SIP from transport layer protocols is concerned, SIP messages can be transferred on a variety of transport layer protocols including TCP or UDP. Mechanism of Retransmission that is embedded in SIP could compensate for the missing packet loss, in case of need. This mechanism is applied when SIP messages are transmitted on an unreliable transmission layer protocol like UDP. Also, while facing SIP proxy with overload, it could cause excessive filling of proxy queue, postpone increase of other contacts, and add to the amount of the proxy overload. In the present work, while using UDP as transport layer protocol, invite retransmission timer (T1) was appropriately regulated and SIP functionality was improved. Therefore, by proposing an adaptive timer of invite message retransmission, attempts were made to improve the time of session initiation and consequently improve the performance. Performance of the proposed SIP was implemented and evaluated by SIPP software in a real network environment and its accuracy and performance were demonstrated.

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Chaubet, Allan, George Henrique de Oliveira, Gustavo Valeira, and Cristiano Akamine. "Practical tests with MMT and ROUTE/DASH on the transport layer of ATSC 3.0." SET INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BROADCAST ENGINEERING 2020, no. 6 (August 1, 2020): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18580/setijbe.2020.5.

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The development of new technologies allowed television systems to evolve over time. For the transport layer, the Movie Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) developed several standards to deliver multimedia content, including the MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS), which has been widely explored for years. However, it was developed before the spread of the internet, which led to the interest in a new standard that could fulfill the needs from a connected world. One of these standards is the MPEG Multimedia Transport (MMT), which has inherited some features from the MPEG-2 TS, adapting them to be compatible with the Internet Protocol (IP). The broadband systems also needed a new standard compatible with Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), resulting in the development of the MPEG-Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH). To deliver DASH on broadcast channels, it was combined with the Real-time Object delivery over Unidirectional Transport (ROUTE) protocol. The Advanced Television Systems Committee 3.0 (ATSC 3.0) adopted many technologies to attend the requirements for the next generation of television systems, including both MMT and ROUTE/DASH. This paper presents a historic background of these delivery methods, as well as a brief technical review, focusing on a practical setup to test the methods mentioned, analyzing the differences and similarities of their properties.

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Kanellopoulos, Dimitris N., and Ali H. Wheeb. "Simulated Performance of TFRC, DCCP, SCTP, and UDP Protocols Over Wired Networks." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 12, no. 4 (October 2020): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2020100107.

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Multimedia applications impose different QoS requirements (e.g., bounded end-to-end delay and jitter) and need an enhanced transport layer protocol that should handle packet loss, minimize errors, manage network congestion, and transmit efficiently. Across an IP network, the transport layer protocol provides data transmission and affects the QoS provided to the application on hand. The most common transport layer protocols used by Internet applications are TCP and UDP. There are also advanced transport layer protocols such as DCCP and TFRC. The authors evaluated the performance of UDP, DCCP, SCTP, and TFRC over wired networks for three traffic flows: data transmission, video streaming, and voice over IP. The evaluation criteria were throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet loss ratio. They compared their performance to learn in which traffic flow/service each of these protocols functions better than the others. The throughput of SCTP and TFRC is better than UDP. DCCP is superior to SCTP and TFRC in terms of end-to-end delay. SCTP is suitable for Internet applications that require high bandwidth.

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Sharif, Atif, Vidyasagar M. Potdar, and A. J. D. Rathnayaka. "Dependency of Transport Functions on IEEE802.11 and IEEE802.15.4 MAC/PHY Layer Protocols for WSN." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 6, no. 3 (July 2010): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2010070101.

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In WSN transport, layer protocol plays a significant role in maintaining the node’s energy budget. To find out the dependency of Transport layer on MAC/PHY layer, the authors have extensively tested various transport protocols using IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY protocols for WSN. For IEEE802.11 and IEEE802.15.4 with RTS/CTS ON the TCP variants has shown >80% packet delivery ratio and 5-20% packet loss, while for UDP it is around >63% and 19.54-35.18% respectively. On average 1-3% additional energy is consumed for packet retransmissions in IEEE 802.11 with RTS/CTS OFF whereas significant energy efficiency is observed in IEEE802.15.4 case. For IEEE 802.11 with RTS/CTS ON high throughput, low packet drop rate and increased E-2-E delay is observed, while for IEEE 802.15.4 improved power efficiency and jitter behavior is observed. This has led the foundation for the future development of the cross-layered energy efficient transport protocol for WSN.

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Tran, Chanh Minh, Tho Nguyen Duc, Phan Xuan Tan, and Eiji Kamioka. "Cross-Protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause Analysis." Electronics 10, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151755.

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With the introduction of HTTP/3, whose transport is no longer the traditional TCP protocol but the novel QUIC protocol, research for solutions to the unfairness of Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (HAS) has become more challenging. In other words, because of different transport layers, the HTTP/3 may not be available for some networks and the clients have to use HTTP/2 for their HAS applications instead. Therefore, the scenario in which HAS over HTTP/3 (HAS/3) competes against HTTP/2 (HAS/2) must be considered seriously. However, there has been a shortage of investigations on the performance and the origin of the unfairness in such a cross-protocol scenario in order to produce proper solutions. Therefore, this paper provides a performance evaluation and root-cause analysis of the cross-protocol unfairness between HAS/3 and HAS/2. It is concluded that, due to differences in the congestion control mechanisms of QUIC and TCP, HAS/3 clients obtain larger congestion windows, thus requesting higher video bitrates than HAS/2. As the problem lies in the transport layer, existing client-side ABR-based solutions for the unfairness from the application layer may perform suboptimally for the cross-protocol case.

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