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Journal articles on the topic 'Reconnaissance drone'
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1
Guo, Yinjing, Jianhua Zhang, Yuanyuan Ju, and Xiaohan Guo. "Climbing Reconnaissance Drone Design." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 452 (December 13, 2018): 042060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/452/4/042060.
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Do, Sangwon, Myeongjae Lee, and Jong-Seon Kim. "The Effect of a Flow Field on Chemical Detection Performance of Quadrotor Drone." Sensors 20, no. 11 (June 8, 2020): 3262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113262.
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The determination of a suitable sensor location on quadrotor drones is a very important issue for chemical reconnaissance platforms because the magnitude and direction of air velocity is different for each location. In this study, we investigated a customized chemical reconnaissance system consisting of a quadrotor drone and a chip-sized chemical sensor for detecting dimethyl-methylphosphonate (DMMP; a Sarin simulant) and investigated the chemical detection properties with respect to the sensor position through indoor experiments and particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis of the system. The PIV results revealed an area free of vortex–vortex interaction between the drone rotors, where there was distinctly stable and uniform chemical detection of DMMP. The proposed chemical reconnaissance system was found to be realistic for practical application.
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Valentino, Rico, Woo-Sung Jung, and Young-Bae Ko. "A Design and Simulation of the Opportunistic Computation Offloading with Learning-Based Prediction for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Clustering Networks." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 2, 2018): 3751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113751.
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Drones have recently become extremely popular, especially in military and civilian applications. Examples of drone utilization include reconnaissance, surveillance, and packet delivery. As time has passed, drones’ tasks have become larger and more complex. As a result, swarms or clusters of drones are preferred, because they offer more coverage, flexibility, and reliability. However, drone systems have limited computing power and energy resources, which means that sometimes it is difficult for drones to finish their tasks on schedule. A solution to this is required so that drone clusters can complete their work faster. One possible solution is an offloading scheme between drone clusters. In this study, we propose an opportunistic computational offloading system, which allows for a drone cluster with a high intensity task to borrow computing resources opportunistically from other nearby drone clusters. We design an artificial neural network-based response time prediction module for deciding whether it is faster to finish tasks by offloading them to other drone clusters. The offloading scheme is conducted only if the predicted offloading response time is smaller than the local computing time. Through simulation results, we show that our proposed scheme can decrease the response time of drone clusters through an opportunistic offloading process.
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Kolamunna, Harini, Thilini Dahanayaka, Junye Li, Suranga Seneviratne, Kanchana Thilakaratne, Albert Y. Zomaya, and Aruna Seneviratne. "DronePrint." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448115.
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With the ubiquitous availability of drones, they are adopted benignly in multiple applications such as cinematography, surveying, and legal goods delivery. Nonetheless, they are also being used for reconnaissance, invading personal or secure spaces, harming targeted individuals, smuggling drugs and contraband, or creating public disturbances. These malicious or improper use of drones can pose significant privacy and security threats in both civilian and military settings. Therefore, it is vital to identify drones in different environments to assist the decisions on whether or not to contain unknown drones. While there are several methods proposed for detecting the presence of a drone, they have limitations when it comes to low visibility, limited access, or hostile environments. In this paper, we propose DronePrint that uses drone acoustic signatures to detect the presence of a drone and identify the make and the model of the drone. We address the shortage of drone acoustic data by relying on audio components of online videos. In drone detection, we achieved 96% accuracy in a closed-set scenario, and 86% accuracy in a more challenging open-set scenario. Our proposed method of cascaded drone identification, where a drone is identified for its 'make' followed by the 'model' of the drone achieves 90% overall accuracy. In this work, we cover 13 commonly used commercial and consumer drone models, which is to the best of understanding is the most comprehensive such study to date. Finally, we demonstrate the robustness of DronePrint to drone hardware modifications, Doppler effect, varying SNR conditions, and in realistic open-set acoustic scenes.
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Zhang, Ge, Kangli Ma, and Chang Liu. "A DroneGo Disaster Relief Response System." Remote Sensing 9, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/rs.v9i1.1094.
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<p>To support the Puerto Rico hurricane disaster scenario, we develop a DroneGo disaster response system by establishing the following models. First, we establish a location analysis model for ISO containers based on the coverage of video reconnaissance and the priority comparison between the two required missions–medical supply delivery and video reconnaissance. According to the locations of 11 harbors in Puerto Rico, we select three suitable harbors to position three cargo containers called CON 1, 2 and 3 to conduct the missions. Second, we build two packing configuration models to design the packing configuration for containers. In one model, we recommend a drone fleet for CON 1 and 3 according to reconnaissance conditions, and then put drones into containers in order. In another model for CON 2, we determine the type of drones according to the medical supply demands of hospitals. For both models, the number of drones of each type is determined by the enumeration method and the packing placement is determined by the greedy algorithm. The algorithms are coded in Visual C++ and MATLAB. The computational results show that the space utilizations for the three containers are all above 80.8%. Third, we design a drone flight plan model based on graph theory. According to the time and space constraints of drones, we devise flight plans as well as delivery routes and schedule. The computational results show that the coverage of video reconnaissance is up to 70.1%. Finally, we carry out the error and sensitivity analysis, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our models, and design the future work. In addition, a two-page memo that summarizes our modeling results, conclusions, and recommendations is given at the end of the paper.</p>
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Gardner, P., and C. R. Day. "Options for Control and Navigation of Unmanned Aircraft." Journal of Navigation 45, no. 3 (September 1992): 352–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300010936.
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Whilst unmanned aircraft (UMA) can be said to encompass missiles, targets for weapon training, preprogrammed reconnaissance drones and civilian systems such as radio-controlled models used to carry cameras, for the purpose of this paper we will restrict ourselves to aircraft which are capable of sustaining autonomous flight and accepting navigation commands whilst airborne. The terms applied to unmanned aircraft are variously UMA, remotely piloted vehicle (RPV), Drone and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
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Kindervater, Katharine Hall. "The emergence of lethal surveillance: Watching and killing in the history of drone technology." Security Dialogue 47, no. 3 (January 25, 2016): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010615616011.
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This article examines the history of the development of drone technology to understand the longer histories of surveillance and targeting that shape contemporary drone warfare. Drawing on archival research, the article focuses on three periods in the history of the drone: the early years during World Wars I and II, the Cold War, and the 1990s. The history of the drone reveals two key trends in Western warfare: the increasing importance of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) and the development of dynamic targeting. These trends converge today in a practice of lethal surveillance where ISR capabilities are directly linked to targeted killing, effectively merging mechanisms of surveillance and knowledge production with decisions on life and death. Taking this history of lethal surveillance into account not only reframes current debates on drone warfare, but also connects the drone to other practices of security and control.
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Sulkowski, Jarosław, Janusz Błaszczyk, Adam Grzybowski, Kacper Karcz, and Paweł Kowaleczko. "Investigations of the susceptibility of unmanned aerial vehicles on intensive microwave radiation." Journal of KONBiN 48, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2018-0049.
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Abstract Commercially available drone type unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), as well as parts and subsystems enabling the assemble of UAVs, are becoming more and more widely available, and their performance is constantly improving. The current possibilities of a drone assembled by a hobbyist predispose are not only to be used as a reconnaissance tool but also as a guided missile. The use of a camera with a video stream transmitter simultaneously with virtual reality goggles and video stream receiver gives the pilot an impression of being on the drone, which makes it possible to control it with extreme precision, even at high speeds. The article presents research aimed at determining the extent and type of damage made on exemplary racer drone caused by intense microwave field radiations.
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Jafari, Navid H., Qin Chen, and Jack Cadigan. "RAPID DEPLOYMENT AND POST-STORM RECONNAISSANCE OF HURRICANE LAURA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.waves.60.
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Hurricane Laura made landfall on the southwest Louisiana coast near Cameron, LA on August 26th. As Laura approached the Louisiana coast, the Coastal Emergency Risks Assessment predicted a storm surge of approximately 5.2 m (17 ft), which marked the strongest surge to impact southwest Louisiana since the catastrophic Hurricane Rita in 2005. As a result, a team led by LSU and NEU mobilized to deploy surge and wave sensors and collect drone imagery at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge and Cameron, LA on August 25th before the arrival of tropical storm winds. Rockefeller Refuge was selected to measure the capacity of wetlands and breakwaters to attenuate hurricane surge and waves, and pressure sensors were strategically placed at locations of civil infrastructure at Cameron to capture hurricane-induced overland flow (see Fig. 1). After the surge water receded, LSU retrieved the sensors, collected RTK elevation transects and multispectral drone imagery, and surveyed infrastructure damage along the southwest corridor of Louisiana, following the Highway 82 from Abbeville to Cameron.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/IevnFZ2YVfI
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Neroba, Vadym. "DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR MINE RECONNAISSANCE." ScienceRise, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2020.001496.
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Object of research: comparative assessment and selection of an unmanned aerial vehicle for mine reconnaissance sample.
Investigated problem: substantiation of the methodological apparatus for comparative assessment and selection of an unmanned aerial vehicle for mine reconnaissance sample, taking into consideration the presence of both quantitative and qualitative indicators.
Main scientific results: the methods of comparative assessment and selection of an unmanned aerial vehicle for mine reconnaissance sample is developed. The technique is based on an expert method, which allows a drone sample to be evaluated and selected objectively, taking into consideration the presence of both quantitative and qualitative indicators. At the same time, group interaction and discussion of experts are realized. When the judgments do not coincide, an artificial consensus is not imposed. The number of experts is not limited. The experts are not linked in any way. The need to ensure transitive consistency (10–12 %) makes it possible to record attempts by an expert (experts) to artificially overestimate the indicators of one of the drone samples (or the one being evaluated), therefore, the indicators of another sample will automatically deteriorate. The principle of impartiality and fairness is maintained. A well-trained objective coordinator is not required, and the reality is that the absence of the disrupting the problem solution possibility is due to a change in the psychological situation among the experts.
Area of practical use of research results: humanitarian demining in the interests of ensuring the detection of mines for various purposes by sappers from a safe distance. At the same time, an increase within the probability of mines detecting is ensured due to special equipment installed onboard the drone.
Innovative technological product: a technique has been developed that allows not only assessing the drone samples for mine reconnaissance objectively, but making an objective choice of a sample for specific requirements also.
Scope of application of the innovative technological product: clearance of the terrain remaining after the end of hostilities. With the help of unmanned aerial vehicles, a significant acceleration of the demining process is possible, especially in those territories where mines are installed and being for a sufficiently long time.
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Kamaruzzaman, Elias, Norzaidi Mohd Daud, Samsudin Wahab, and Rozhan Abu Dardak. "Agro-Innovation – Path to Agricultural Entrepreneurship: Feasibility Study." ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v5i1.9978.
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Technology changes will always be for the better, not only to the end users but also to the intellectual property owners of the technology and the implementers of the technology. The objective of this paper is to study the feasibility and viability for entrepreneurs to become service providers for the dispensation of fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and supporting services such as aerial crop reconnaissance using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drones. The methodology used for this study is SWOT Analysis. Both primary and secondary data is used for this analysis. This study finds that paddy farming employing drones is feasible. The beneficiaries of this study shall be the government, by way of lowering financial cost to subsidise the paddy planting, the farmers who no longer need the services of migrant workers, thus saving production cost, and finally the drone service providers and their downstream business associates who can engaged themselves in very lucrative businesses.
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Azar, Ahmad Taher, Anis Koubaa, Nada Ali Mohamed, Habiba A. Ibrahim, Zahra Fathy Ibrahim, Muhammad Kazim, Adel Ammar, et al. "Drone Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Review." Electronics 10, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10090999.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used in many challenging and diversified applications. These applications belong to the civilian and the military fields. To name a few; infrastructure inspection, traffic patrolling, remote sensing, mapping, surveillance, rescuing humans and animals, environment monitoring, and Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance (ISTAR) operations. However, the use of UAVs in these applications needs a substantial level of autonomy. In other words, UAVs should have the ability to accomplish planned missions in unexpected situations without requiring human intervention. To ensure this level of autonomy, many artificial intelligence algorithms were designed. These algorithms targeted the guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) of UAVs. In this paper, we described the state of the art of one subset of these algorithms: the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques. We made a detailed description of them, and we deduced the current limitations in this area. We noted that most of these DRL methods were designed to ensure stable and smooth UAV navigation by training computer-simulated environments. We realized that further research efforts are needed to address the challenges that restrain their deployment in real-life scenarios.
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Shen, Yin Chen. "Models for Drone Go Aerial Disaster Relief Response System." International Business & Economics Studies 1, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ibes.v1n1p33.
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<p><em>According to the requirement, we established a non-linear programming model and a three-dimensional packing model and designed a Drone</em><em> </em><em>Go disaster response system meeting the demand of medical supplement and road video reconnaissance. We also determine the optimal location selection, container assembly schemes, as well as the UAV flight routes and flight plans. </em></p><p><em>First of all, we established a coordinate system to fit the topographic map of Puerto Rico through the digital image processing method and collect the road pixels in the topographic map. Then compared it with the detection range of the UAVs to analyze the exploration area and reconnaissance rate of different flight plans. </em></p><p><em>Second, we establish a nonlinear programming model with the constraint of the distance between the hospitals and the distribution of the medicine. Using time and exploration area as the target function to determine the optimal location and make a best decision by weighing both factors. </em></p><p><em>Third, we establish a model of three-dimensional packaging and using the heuristic algorithm to determine the best package solution of two iso container respectively. The constraint is to take enough medicine and drone to make the two highest utilization rates of the volume of the container, trying to reduce the use of buffer material. </em></p><em>Finally, the optimal flight plan is determined with the consideration of the highest flight safety and detection efficiency of UAV. In the stability analysis of our model, we prove the reliability of our model from different perspectives. Then we analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of our model.</em>
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Noda, Ryusuke, Toshiyuki Nakata, Teruaki Ikeda, Di Chen, Yuma Yoshinaga, Kenta Ishibashi, Chen Rao, and Hao Liu. "Development of Bio-Inspired Low-Noise Propeller for a Drone." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 30, no. 3 (June 20, 2018): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2018.p0337.
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Multicopter-type unmanned aerial vehicles, called drones, have been attracting wide attention because of their immense potential for use in various missions such as surveillance, reconnaissance, and delivery service. For the application of drones, however, their noise will be a serious issue especially when operating in urban areas, and to our knowledge, it has not been resolved yet. In this study, inspired by the unique wing structures of insects and birds, we have developed new low-noise-type propellers for drones. The various bio-inspired attachments of drones such as the serrations at the leading edge, velvet-like surface, and fringes at the trailing edge were tested, and their acoustic and aerodynamic performances were evaluated experimentally and numerically. Our results indicate that an attachment at the trailing edge can suppress the noise level while maintaining the aerodynamic efficiency of the proposed propeller close to that of the basic propeller.
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Aygun, Hakan, and Onder Turan. "Exergo-economic analysis of off-design a target drone engine for reconnaissance mission flight." Energy 224 (June 2021): 120227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120227.
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Sahiri, Erpan, Supartono Supartono, Sigit Purwanto, and Rangga Paksi Senggono. "QUADCOPTER FLIGHT CONTROLLER DESIGN ON THE OTHTT SYSTEM PROTOTYPE (OVER THE HORIZON TARGET TRACKING)." JOURNAL ASRO 11, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v11i2.281.
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The development of drone technology at this time is very rapid with a variety of functions and uses, including use in the military sphere. In this study, researchers made a prototype of a drone that can identify the target while determining the latitude and longitude of the target. This research was carried out because the Navy had defense equipment, a ship that had the ability to shoot missiles. This missile possession is important because in addition to being a deterence effect, modern naval battles are dominated by long-distance warfare or Over The Horizon. In missile fire, accurate intelligence is needed to determine the position of the target. So far what has been done is sending submarines or reconnaissance aircraft. This is very inefficient because in addition to requiring large resources, the risk of losing personnel and material is also very large. To realize this, researchers create a system that can overcome existing limitations. The focus of research conducted by researchers at this time is to create a flight controller on the drone. This system uses the Arduino Mega 2560 PRO Embed as a flight controller that is connected to other parts such as batteries, brushless motors, ESC (Electronic Speed Control) and propeller so that it can move the drone according to operating needs. At the time of testing, vertical flight test, horizontal flight test, pitch and roll control test and altitude control test were carried out. Meanwhile, to get stability when flying, then you need the right PID settings on the flight controller. Based on the test results obtained Kp = 7.5, Ki = 0.045 and Kd = 24, so that the drone can fly stably. From the test results it can also be concluded that the drone has been able to carry out its basic functions to fly, approach the target and return to the ground station after carrying out the mission.
Keywords: Drone, Control, Stability.
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Al Huda, Mukhlis. "PENGUATAN PENGATURAN PESAWAT UDARA TANPA AWAK (DRONE) MELALUI UNDANG-UNDANG." IBLAM LAW REVIEW 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v1i2.26.
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The development of science and technology has brought the world into the Revolution Industrial 4.0. The Industrial Revolution is marked by artificial intelligence, robotics, e-commerce, nanotechnology, automatic cars, and other innovations. Technological innovations in the world of aviation are unmanned aircraft that have begun to be used for various civilian to military purposes. Observing the increasingly massive use and utilization of unmanned aircraft, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Transportation has issued a Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number PM 180 of the Year concerning Control of Operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Airspace Served by Indonesia and renewed by Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number PM 47 Year 2016 concerning Amendments to the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number PM 180 of 2015 concerning Control of Operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Airspace Served by Indonesia. Apart from having a positive impact on civilian and military activities, unmanned aircraft also have a negative impact because they are used for crimes ranging from reconnaissance, drug delivery to theoreticalism. In the Permenhub which regulates unmanned aircraft there is only administrative sanction, therefore there must be a strengthening of the regulation of unmanned aircraft which contains criminal sanctions through the Law.
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Neroba, V. "SYSTEMATIZATION OF THE CONDITIONS AND FACTORS THAT WILL AFFECT THE SPECIFIC TECHNICAL MEANS OF MINING OF THE UAVY VEHICLE." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.1.48-54.
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The article investigates the conditions and factors that will affect the functioning of the specific mine exploration facilities when installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The analysis of conditions and factors was carried out with preliminary determination of the general performance indicators of the specific technical means of mine exploration, which include: the probability of detection and recognition of mines (contour of mines) by the operator (pilot operator) on the display screen; the scale of the image of the mine (contour of the mine) on the display screen; viewing angle of the specific technical means of exploration; transverse capture of terrain during aerial reconnaissance by means of a specific reconnaissance technical means; spectral range of operation of the specific technical means of exploration and height of exploration. As a result of the study, the following conditions and factors were included: unmanned aerial vehicle; the task of finding mines; features of the area where the mines are installed; pilot control (pilot); weather conditions; gusts of wind; season; time of day; use by the enemy of electronic suppression and electronic warfare, as well as conventional small arms against a drone; drones vibration during flight; turbulence of the atmosphere; the use of adversaries in the field of land mines and the creation of false minefields management of specific technical means of intelligence by the operator (pilot operator); temperature mode; availability of min signatures base. It is concluded that the results of the study of conditions and factors that will affect the functioning of the specific intelligence means are the basis for the development of relevant requirements for the specific intelligence means of the visible and infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Ko, Yongho, Jiyoon Kim, Daniel Gerbi Duguma, Philip Virgil Astillo, Ilsun You, and Giovanni Pau. "Drone Secure Communication Protocol for Future Sensitive Applications in Military Zone." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062057.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) plays a paramount role in various fields, such as military, aerospace, reconnaissance, agriculture, and many more. The development and implementation of these devices have become vital in terms of usability and reachability. Unfortunately, as they become widespread and their demand grows, they are becoming more and more vulnerable to several security attacks, including, but not limited to, jamming, information leakage, and spoofing. In order to cope with such attacks and security threats, a proper design of robust security protocols is indispensable. Although several pieces of research have been carried out with this regard, there are still research gaps, particularly concerning UAV-to-UAV secure communication, support for perfect forward secrecy, and provision of non-repudiation. Especially in a military scenario, it is essential to solve these gaps. In this paper, we studied the security prerequisites of the UAV communication protocol, specifically in the military setting. More importantly, a security protocol (with two sub-protocols), that serves in securing the communication between UAVs, and between a UAV and a Ground Control Station, is proposed. This protocol, apart from the common security requirements, achieves perfect forward secrecy and non-repudiation, which are essential to a secure military communication. The proposed protocol is formally and thoroughly verified by using the BAN-logic (Burrow-Abadi-Needham logic) and Scyther tool, followed by performance evaluation and implementation of the protocol on a real UAV. From the security and performance evaluation, it is indicated that the proposed protocol is superior compared to other related protocols while meeting confidentiality, integrity, mutual authentication, non-repudiation, perfect forward secrecy, perfect backward secrecy, response to DoS (Denial of Service) attacks, man-in-the-middle protection, and D2D (Drone-to-Drone) security.
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Pambudi, Wahyu, Yudhi Darmawan, and Priska Choirina. "Rancang Bangun Penstabil Drone S2GA Berbasis Metode Fuzzy Logic Menggunakan Arduino." TELKA - Telekomunikasi Elektronika Komputasi dan Kontrol 6, no. 2 (November 24, 2020): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/telka.v6n2.104-112.
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UAV merupakan wahana teknologi canggih yang sering digunakan di bidang militer untuk misi pengintaian. UAV terdiri dari beragam jenis, salah satunya yaitu quadcopter. Quadcopter yang digunakan dalam misi militer biasanya mempunyai masalah ketidakstabilan ketika quadcopter tersebut terbang membawa senjata. Oleh karena itu, maka diperlukan sebuah sistem untuk mengatur kestabilan dari percepatan motor quadcopter. Pada paper ini dipaparkan sebuah desain system dari stabilizer drone dengan metode logika fuzzy menggunakan 3 derajat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonfigurasikan kontrol kestabilan quadcopter yang optimal setelah diterapkan metode fuzzy logic inferensi Tsukamoto. Input dari system ini adalah percepatan dan perubahan percepatan. Sedangkan output yang dihasilkan berupa kecepatan motor. Untuk mengetahui error dilakukan pengujian ketepatan posisi 5 kali pada ketinggian 1-3 meter. Sedangkan untuk mendapatkan waktu quadcopter untuk kembali ke posisi semula dapat menggunakan stopwatch. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonfigurasikan kontrol kestabilan quadcopter yang optimal setelah diterapkan metode fuzzy logic inferensi Tsukamoto. Hasil penelitian dengan logika fuzzy untuk kestabilan menunjukan nilai rise time sebesar 0,7 detik, settling time 2,55 detik, overshoot sebesar 15 % ketika menerima gangguan sebesar 45cm, dan nilai steady-state 69,55 cm dengan simpangan baku sebesar ± 1,775 cm. Hasil tersebut memberikan akurasi dalam menentukan kestabilan yang lebih baik pada quadcopter. UAV is one of the advanced technology that used in the military for reconnaissance missions. UAV consists of various types, one of them is a quadcopter. Since the quadcopter in military missions has an instability problem when they fly with a weapon, they needed to stabilize the acceleration of a quadcopter motor. This paper presents a design system of drone stabilizer using fuzzy logic method based on 3 degrees of freedom to improve stability. Fuzzy logic that used to configure optimal quadcopter stability control is Tsukamoto's inference fuzzy logic method. The input of this system are acceleration and acceleration change. While, the output of this system is the speed of motor. We did 5 times experiment to find out the accuracy of this system at an altitude of 1-3 meters. Furthermore, to get the quadcopter time from return to its original position we used a stopwatch. Based on the experiments, we obtained a rise time value of 0.7 seconds, settling time of 2.55 seconds, overshoot of 15% when receiving interference of 45cm, and a steady-state value of 69.55 cm with a standard deviation of ± 1.775 cm. These result show that fuzzy logic provide a better accuracy in determining stability on quadcopter.
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Ossowski, Andrzej, Milena Bykowska-Witowska, and Piotr Brzeziński. "Application of analysis of aerial photographs in search of burial sites of victims of war and totalitarian crimes." Issues of Forensic Science 299 (2018): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2018.299.5.
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The search for invisible and clandestine burial places of victims of wars and totalitarian crimes is a very difficult task. Research and exhumation teams use various methods to help locate burial places. According to the experience of our team, one of the best sources of information about burials are archival and contemporary aerial photographs. During World War II, aerial photography became one of the most important tools for warfare reconnaissance. For this reason, huge numbers of aerial photographs are currently available, in which the victim’s burial sites have been accidentally recorded. Aerial photographs are often helpful not in the direct identification of graves, but in the reconstruction of topographies of individual objects within a defined period of time, and thus, indirectly, in the location of graves. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the usefulness of historical aerial, satellite and drone photographs in the process of searching for the remains of victims of armed conflicts and totalitarian crimes. The paper presents the experience gained in the course of research projects carried out.
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Donaldson, Lloyd. "Autofluorescence in Plants." Molecules 25, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102393.
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Plants contain abundant autofluorescent molecules that can be used for biochemical, physiological, or imaging studies. The two most studied molecules are chlorophyll (orange/red fluorescence) and lignin (blue/green fluorescence). Chlorophyll fluorescence is used to measure the physiological state of plants using handheld devices that can measure photosynthesis, linear electron flux, and CO2 assimilation by directly scanning leaves, or by using reconnaissance imaging from a drone, an aircraft or a satellite. Lignin fluorescence can be used in imaging studies of wood for phenotyping of genetic variants in order to evaluate reaction wood formation, assess chemical modification of wood, and study fundamental cell wall properties using Förster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) and other methods. Many other fluorescent molecules have been characterized both within the protoplast and as components of cell walls. Such molecules have fluorescence emissions across the visible spectrum and can potentially be differentiated by spectral imaging or by evaluating their response to change in pH (ferulates) or chemicals such as Naturstoff reagent (flavonoids). Induced autofluorescence using glutaraldehyde fixation has been used to enable imaging of proteins/organelles in the cell protoplast and to allow fluorescence imaging of fungal mycelium.
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Olejnik, Aleksander, Stanisław Kachel, Robert Rogólski, and Michał Szcześniak. "Technology of Ground Vibration Testing and its application in light aircraft prototyping." MATEC Web of Conferences 304 (2019): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930401005.
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The article describes the vibration measurement technology used for light aircraft and some results obtained during the prototyping process. The aim of researches was to determine the resonant frequencies and natural modes of an aircraft or its selected structural components. Ground Vibration Testing is an essential dynamic structural test necessary to carry out before the aircraft certification. This test should be performed on the aircraft example which is predicted to test in flight. The measuring system used in the Institute of Aviation Technology of the Military University of Technology consists of a multi-channel LMS SCADAS analyzer, a set of piezoelectric accelerometers, two vibration exciters equipped with impedance heads and a computer with the Test.Lab Software. The aim of the article is to present the methodology of performing GVT tests. Using the equipment applied to an aircraft or its airframe component, key vibration characteristics corresponding to resonant points can be determined. Not only completed aircraft can be tested, but also its isolated fragments (wings, stabilizers, tail units) or just empty airframe. Testing separately supported components allows to examine their aeroelastic properties at early stage of prototyping. As examples of the use of vibration measurements in various stages of the prototyping process, three examples are presented herein. The isolated strut-braced wing from of the light reconnaissance aircraft OSA, the airframe of a light jet FLARIS LAR, and the light drone ATD JET-2 intended to be an aerial target for some anti-aircraft artillery sets. Some exemplary results obtained from testing these objects were presented. At the end, some observations and conclusions were noted in the context of usefulness of conducted researches.
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Ji, Liang, Chenxi Zhang, Zhenjie Li, and Mingyue Liu. "Path planning for drones reconnaissance based on ant colony algorithms." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 330 (November 9, 2019): 052047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/330/5/052047.
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Radjawali, Irendra, Oliver Pye, and Michael Flitner. "Recognition through reconnaissance? Using drones for counter-mapping in Indonesia." Journal of Peasant Studies 44, no. 4 (February 23, 2017): 817–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2016.1264937.
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Ignatenko, Nikita V., and Alexey N. Polikanin. "METHODS AND MEANS OF COUNTERACTION OF ACOUSTIC AND OPTICAL RECONNAISSANCE UAV." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 6, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-6-1-149-154.
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For the last few years, the ease of purchasing and using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), their affordable cost has increased the demand for them both by companies and individuals. However, these devices might carry out illegal actions, starting with smuggling of illegal goods, unauthorized intelligence and computer attacks. As a result, this led to the urgency of developing effective and available countermeasures to detect and neutralize drones that perform reconnaissance of objects with confidential information. The most successful are autonomous systems for detecting and suppressing drones, which include optoelectronic, acoustic radar and radio frequency sensors, information from which is combined on the main computer to identify the threat and make further decisions. However, real-time monitoring is a rather difficult process that requires timely detection of adverse events or conditions. This creates many complex tasks such as object detection, classification, tracking multiple objects, and combining information from multiple sensors. In recent years, researchers have used various techniques to solve these problems and made notable progress. Applying deep learning to detect and classify UAVs is considered a new concept. In this regard, it became necessary to provide a generalized overview of UAV control technologies used for reconnaissance.
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Gregory, Derek. "From a View to a Kill." Theory, Culture & Society 28, no. 7-8 (December 2011): 188–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276411423027.
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The proponents of late modern war like to argue that it has become surgical, sensitive and scrupulous, and remotely operated Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or ‘drones’ have become diagnostic instruments in contemporary debates over the conjunction of virtual and ‘virtuous’ war. Advocates for the use of Predators and Reapers in counterinsurgency and counterterrorism campaigns have emphasized their crucial role in providing intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance, in strengthening the legal armature of targeting, and in conducting precision-strikes. Critics claim that their use reduces late modern war to a video game in which killing becomes casual. Most discussion has focused on the covert campaign waged by CIA-operated drones in Pakistan, but it is also vitally important to interrogate the role of United States Air Force-operated drones in Afghanistan. In doing so, it becomes possible to see that the problem there may not be remoteness and detachment but, rather, the sense of proximity to ground troops inculcated by the video feeds from the aerial platforms.
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Kim, Donghyun, Lirong Xue, Deying Li, Yuqing Zhu, Wei Wang, and Alade O. Tokuta. "On Theoretical Trajectory Planning of Multiple Drones To Minimize Latency in Search-and-Reconnaissance Operations." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 3156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2017.2689013.
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Zwęgliński, Tomasz. "The Use of Drones in Disaster Aerial Needs Reconnaissance and Damage Assessment – Three-Dimensional Modeling and Orthophoto Map Study." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 6080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156080.
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The aim of this research is to provide disaster managers with the results of testing three-dimensional modeling and orthophoto mapping, so as to add value to aerial assessments of flood-related needs and damages. The relevant testing of solutions concerning the real needs of disaster managers is an essential part of the pre-disaster phase. As such, providing evidence-based results of the solutions’ performance is critical with regard to purchasing them and their successful implementation for disaster management purposes. Since disaster response is mostly realized in complex and dynamic, rather than repetitive, environments, it requires pertinent testing methods. A quasi-experimental approach, applied in a form of a full-scale trial meets disaster manager’s requirements as well as addressing limitations resulting from the disaster environment’s characteristics. Three-dimensional modeling and orthophoto mapping have already proven their potential in many professional fields; however, they have not yet been broadly tested for disaster response purposes. Therefore, the objective here is to verify the technologies regarding their applicability in aerial reconnaissance in sudden-onset disasters. The hypothesis assumes that they will improve the efficiency (e.g., time) and effectiveness (e.g., accuracy of revealed data) of this process. The research verifies that the technologies have a potential to facilitate disaster managers with more precise damage assessment; however, their effectivity was less than expected in terms of needs reconnaissance. Secondly, the overall assessment process is heavily burdened by data processing time, however, the technologies allow a reduction of analytical work.
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Kieley, Marc. "No umbrella for the rain: Canadian implications following the global revolution in reconnaissance–strike technologies." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 76, no. 2 (June 2021): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207020211019301.
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Global conflicts in 2020 have highlighted the unexpected employment of advanced ballistic missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles by developing military powers. The development of ballistic missiles by Iran, or the export of advanced drones by Turkey, are ultimately the result of the American-led revolution in military affairs that, during the Gulf War, established the potential of precision guided weapons and reconnaissance systems. In response, America’s competitors have adapted their military doctrines and developed weapons designed to both counter and copy the West’s technological advantages. As the Government of Canada implements its defence policy—Strong, Secure, and Engaged—it has promised to procure a ground-based air defence system for the Canadian Armed Forces. Careful consideration and analysis are required, however, to ensure that Canada procures the best possible solution given limited funding and a wide array of potential threats.
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Воїнов, В. В. "Use of ammunition with programmable blasting time in air-defense complex." Наука і техніка Повітряних Сил Збройних Сил України, no. 1(38), (March 23, 2020): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/nitps.2020.38.14.
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The rapid spread and wide availability of unmanned aerial vehicle technologies creates a new type of airborne threat - massive and cheap strike and reconnaissance drones. It creates the new challenges for the army and objects air defense - improving the accuracy of air targets hitting and reducing the cost of ammunition. In article analysis of increasing the possibilities of the small air targets defeating by the available air defense means was done. A significant increase in the efficiency of hitting targets supposed to get by existing anti-aircraft artillery with help by the use of ammunition with programmable blasting time. A number of measures have been proposed to improve existing air defense facilities to enable them to use such type of ammunition.
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Khan, Shah Zahid, Mujahid Mohsin, and Waseem Iqbal. "On GPS spoofing of aerial platforms: a review of threats, challenges, methodologies, and future research directions." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (May 6, 2021): e507. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.507.
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Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAVs, Drones), initially known only for their military applications, are getting increasingly popular in the civil sector as well. Over the military canvas, drones have already proven themselves as a potent force multiplier through unmanned, round-the-clock, long-range and high-endurance missions for surveillance, reconnaissance, search and rescue, and even armed combat applications. With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), commercial deployments of drones are also growing exponentially, ranging from cargo and taxi services to agriculture, disaster relief, risk assessment and monitoring of critical infrastructures. Irrespective of the deployment sector, drones are often entrusted to conduct safety, time and liability critical tasks, thus requiring secure, robust and trustworthy operations. In contrast, the rise in UAVs’ demand, coupled with market pressure to reduce size, weight, power and cost (SwaP-C) parameters, has caused vendors to often ignore security aspects, thus inducing serious safety and security threats. As UAVs rely on Global Positioning System (GPS) for positioning and navigation, they can fall prey to GPS jamming and spoofing attacks. The vulnerability of GPS to spoofing has serious implications for UAVs, as victim drones using civil GPS can be misdirected or even completely hijacked for malicious intents, as already demonstrated in several academic research efforts using commercially available GPS spoofing hardware. Beside UAVs, GPS spoofing attacks are equally applicable to other GPS-dependent platforms, including manned aircraft, ground vehicles, and cellular systems. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of GPS spoofing threats, with a special focus on their applicability over UAVs and other GPS-dependent mobile platforms. It presents a novel taxonomy of GPS spoofing attacks and critically analyzes different spoofing techniques based upon placement of spoofing device, attack stealthiness, attack methodologies, and objectives of the attacker. We also discuss some of the recent experiments from open literature which utilized commercially available hardware for successfully conducting spoofing attacks.
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Oliinyk, R. M., S. V. Tsilyna, Y. M. Zhyvets, and O. V. Yermolenko. "SYSTEMS OF RADIO-ELECTRONIC FIGHT AGAINST PILOTLESS VEHICLES MULTIROTOR TYPE IN DISTRICTS OF CONDUCT BATTLE ACTIONS." Проблеми створення, випробування, застосування та експлуатації складних інформаційних систем, no. 18 (December 30, 2020): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46972/2076-1546.2020.18.05.
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In modern warfare, the information component is crucial for both sides of the conflict. Donetsk and Luhansk regions have become a kind of bridgehead for testing and application in the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles of various dimensions and functional purposes, the most common of which are small reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles. Dozens of enemy vehicles are gathering information about the location of the Ukrainian military. To date, no state is ready to withstand planned attacks by unmanned aerial vehicles. Traditional air defense weapons are designed for large and long-range targets, while the modern line of drones consists of nano-, micro- and mini-devices flying at low altitudes. A comparative analysis of modern means of counteracting unmanned aerial vehicles and conclusions about the possibility of their use in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The newest means of destruction of unmanned aerial vehicles of the leading countries of the world are considered. The issue of the possibility of blocking the work of enemy drones is covered in zones (areas) of hostilities. Ways to increase the effectiveness of small - scale unmanned aerial vehicles are proposed. Priorities in the implementation of programs for the development of modern domestic means of destruction of unmanned aerial vehicles can be considered the use of means of interception or destruction by electronic countermeasures. The relevance of the study lies in the analysis of the main available methods of control with unmanned aerial vehicles, development of perspective approaches and acquaintance with modern achievements and directions of development of means of struggle against drones applied by the enemy.
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Almeida, M., H. Hildmann, and G. Solmaz. "DISTRIBUTED UAV-SWARM-BASED REAL-TIME GEOMATIC DATA COLLECTION UNDER DYNAMICALLY CHANGING RESOLUTION REQUIREMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W6 (August 23, 2017): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w6-5-2017.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been used for reconnaissance and surveillance missions as far back as the Vietnam War, but with the recent rapid increase in autonomy, precision and performance capabilities &ndash; and due to the massive reduction in cost and size &ndash; UAVs have become pervasive products, available and affordable for the general public. The use cases for UAVs are in the areas of disaster recovery, environmental mapping & protection and increasingly also as extended eyes and ears of civil security forces such as fire-fighters and emergency response units. In this paper we present a swarm algorithm that enables a fleet of autonomous UAVs to collectively perform sensing tasks related to environmental and rescue operations and to dynamically adapt to e.g. changing resolution requirements. We discuss the hardware used to build our own drones and the settings under which we validate the proposed approach.
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Berryman, Kelvin. "Reconnaissance field investigation of the Landers earthquake (Ms 7.5) of June 28, 1992, San Bernadino County, California, USA." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 3 (September 30, 1992): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.3.230-241.
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The Landers earthquake (Ms 7.5) occurred at 4.58 am local time, and was located about 10 km north of the town of Yucca Valley, close to the small town of Landers, and about 170 km ENE of Los Angeles (Fig. 1). At the time the author was in Reno, Nevada, involved in a field study of the 1915 rupture of the Pleasant Valley fault. Fieldwork was completed on July 8, and on July 9 the author drove with a Reno-based colleague, Dr. Steven Wesnousky, firstly to Los Angeles to consult with seismologists and geologists at U. S. Geological Survey (Pasadena) and California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and then to Yucca Valley to inspect surface faulting and damage in the epicentral area. We reached Yucca Valley at about 6 pm on July 10, and remained in the area until the evening of July 14.
Some objectives in inspecting the fault rupture were to look at the distribution of slip along the length of the fault break; the relationship of faulting to pre-existing traces; and the relationship of the fault rupture to the total length of each of the faults that ruptured. The earthquake magnitude and total rupture length are similar to what has been proposed for the segment of the Wellington fault that runs through the Wellington metropolitan area.
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Nawrotek, Jarosław. "UPGRADING PROGRAM FOR ARMED FORCES OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC IN 2019-2025." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 154, no. 2 (November 6, 2020): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4881.
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It is planned that expenditures borne in 2019-2025 for the French defence sector will increase to 2% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) yearly. According to the French Ministry of Defence the Upgrading Program for Armed Forces of the French Republic (Loi de Programmation Militaire - LPM) is aimed not only for strengthening the strategic autonomy of France but to build the inde-pendent European armed forces, as well. Contrary to former years the LPM preserves the schedule of orders and supplies of previ-ous programs, and the decisions arising from them. At the same time the upgrading of pri-oritized domains connected with execution of operational activities is accelerated. They include: the airplane for air tanking and stra-tegic transport (Multi Role Tanker Transport - MRTT, avion militaire de transport et de ravitaillement), patrolling ships, supplying ships, armoured vehicles. Moreover the continuation is allowed at extended volume for supplies under the prioritized programs such as SCORPION IT system for battle field, light reconnaissance airplanes ALSR and drones of different types. At the same time it facilitates the development work carried out together with the European partners, particularly over the combat airplanes, follower of the aircraft carrier or the combat tank of the future [1].
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Jaskułowski, Tytus. "„Praca jest czasochłonna, monotonna i nie przynosi konkretnych rezultatów” – nasłuch wywiadowczy Stasi w PRL w latach 1980–1981 na tle współpracy MSW i MfS." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 19 (April 29, 2011): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2011.19.05.
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The text attempts to analyse the GDR Ministry of State Security’s offensive operations using the instruments of radio-electronic intelligence against the PPR in 1981. The situation in Poland, the emergence of Solidarność and possible, uncontrolled spreading of a wave of democratisation onto the East Germany’s territory as well, drove the leaders of the latter state to undertake actions aimed at ensuring it access to information on the on-going situation in the PRP. Apart from the data obtained officially, they also intended to resort to independent methods for its acquisition, most of all by employing the secret services. The author focuses on just one aspects of such operations, that is, radio-electronic intelligence. Apart from describing the structure and the working methods of the MfS’ III Directorate responsible for this type of reconnaissance, he presents the guidelines received by this organisation, its modus operandi and forms of work both on the territory of the GDR and the PPR, as well as on that of the other states. He also points to the effects and all the problems resulting from implementing intelligence operations, including those in the context of official co-operation between the secret services of the PPR and GDR. According to the author, the manner of carrying out offensive MfS operations by radio-electronic intelligence allows for a certain scepticism with regard to the thesis that the GDR services had unlimited opportunities to work in Poland. Based on the available archive sources, the observation that the MfS found it difficult to process and apply information obtained as a result of the services’ operations, is warranted. The shortage of competent staff can be clearly seen and not all the available technical instruments could perform their role. What was also important was the lack of understanding at the MfS of the different philosophy of life in the PPR, which determined the reception of its image obtained from the monitoring in place. Moreover, archive searches provide circumstantial evidence indicating that the Polish counter-intelligence was aware of what type of operations were being carried out by the GDR against Poland. The need for co-operation between the MfS and the MSW in the context of the radio-electronic intelligence against other states, as well as the awareness of the risk related to the possible discovery of illegal radio-electronic operations, led to their closing down. This failed, however, to change the belief that the fundamental operating principles of the secret services are to distrust one’s partners and to protect one’s own interests.
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Çetin, E., C. Barrado, and E. Pastor. "Improving real-time drone detection for counter-drone systems." Aeronautical Journal, June 16, 2021, 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2021.43.
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Abstract The number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, also known as drones) has increased dramatically in the airspace worldwide for tasks such as surveillance, reconnaissance, shipping and delivery. However, a small number of them, acting maliciously, can raise many security risks. Recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities for object detection can be very useful for the identification and classification of drones flying in the airspace and, in particular, are a good solution against malicious drones. A number of counter-drone solutions are being developed, but the cost of drone detection ground systems can also be very high, depending on the number of sensors deployed and powerful fusion algorithms. We propose a low-cost counter-drone solution composed uniquely by a guard-drone that should be able to detect, locate and eliminate any malicious drone. In this paper, a state-of-the-art object detection algorithm is used to train the system to detect drones. Three existing object detection models are improved by transfer learning and tested for real-time drone detection. Training is done with a new dataset of drone images, constructed automatically from a very realistic flight simulator. While flying, the guard-drone captures random images of the area, while at the same time, a malicious drone is flying too. The drone images are auto-labelled using the location and attitude information available in the simulator for both drones. The world coordinates for the malicious drone position must then be projected into image pixel coordinates. The training and test results show a minimum accuracy improvement of 22% with respect to state-of-the-art object detection models, representing promising results that enable a step towards the construction of a fully autonomous counter-drone system.
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Kanwal, Aroosa. "Dreaming with drones: Palestine under the shadow of unseen war." Journal of Commonwealth Literature, September 19, 2020, 002198942095183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989420951839.
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This article discusses how the first-person genre, especially a Gazan wartime diary, allows both writer and reader to imagine new possibilities for understanding contemporary colonial drone warfare, which is instrumental in the strategic silencing and invisibilization of war victims. By creating this zone of invisibilization (one that I will name the “dronesphere”) through obfuscating loss of life, war perpetrators aim to drown out the voices of opposition and resistance in Gaza. This is precisely why an increasing autonomy of military technologies that I call the “anthropomorphizing of drones” has triggered fierce debates over the unaccountability for war crimes committed against those on the receiving end of such autonomous weaponry. One specific case that deserves serious attention in this regard is the deafening silence surrounding Israel’s use of lethal drones to assassinate people in Palestine, which has led to the strategic silencing and invisibility of Palestinian deaths and a struggle for survival through the use of top-down control via drones in the region. However, Atef Abu Saif’s use of “strategic anthropomorphism” in his wartime diary The Drone Eats with Me: A Gaza Diary does not grant the drone absolute autonomy in death-dealing but imagines Drone as a fictional character. Instead, the execution of Gazans is presented as a prolonged reconnaissance performance, which not only allows Gazans to see drones as an extension of (absent) drone operators’ bodies, but also to register their protest against the Israeli authorities by imagining Drone as a living entity. Therefore, using the authority of direct experience that Youval Noah Harari calls “flesh witnessing” (2008), Abu Saif’s wartime diary enables the formation of Palestinian subjectivities held under the sign of erasure, thereby claiming their rights as social and political human bodies.
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Borg, Stefan. "Assembling Israeli drone warfare: Loitering surveillance and operational sustainability." Security Dialogue, November 17, 2020, 096701062095679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010620956796.
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This article examines how unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones as they are more popularly known, have changed practices of Israeli warfare. In order to do so, the article proceeds in three steps. First, it traces the emergence and development of the Israeli UAV programme. Second, it examines the main factors that have enabled its expansion. Third, it turns to some of the main implications of UAVs for the way in which the Israeli Defence Force (IDF) wages war. The article argues that the combined tactical use of UAVs employed for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) tasks has amounted to a strategic effect: by dramatically enhancing the field of perception, UAVs have enabled the IDF to better control the battle rhythm. UAVs in the Israeli context have enhanced the IDF’s operational sustainability, since one’s own casualties have been virtually eliminated and civilian casualties have been stretched out over, rather than concentrated in, time. Throughout the article, the changing character of the UAV is emphasized. To capture this change and to unravel the interactions among technology, warfare and broader societal forces, the article draws on actor-network theory.
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Olejnik, Aleksander, Stanisław Kachel, Robert Rogólski, and Michał Szcześniak. "Application of ground vibration testing in small manned or unmanned aircraft prototyping." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, June 25, 2020, 095441002093401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410020934012.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the vibration measurement technology used in experimental investigation of light aircraft and some series of exemplary results obtained during the prototyping process. The aim of investigations presented herein was to determine the resonant frequencies and natural modes of an aircraft or its selected structural components. Ground vibration testing is an essential dynamic structural test necessary to carry out before the aircraft certification. This test should be performed on the aircraft example which is predicted to be tested in flight. The measuring system used for ground vibration testing in the Institute of Aviation Technology of the Military University of Technology consists of a multi-channel LMS SCADAS analyzer, a set of piezoelectric accelerometers, two vibration exciters equipped with impedance heads and a computer with the Test.Lab Software. The aim of the article was to present the methodology of performing ground vibration testing tests. Having applied the equipment to measure an airplane or its airframe component, key vibration characteristics corresponding to specific resonant points can be determined. Not only completed aircraft can be tested but also its isolated fragments (wings, stabilizers, tail units) or just empty airframe. Testing separately supported components allows examining their aeroelastic properties at early stage of prototyping. Ground vibration testing technology applied in various stages of the prototyping process was demonstrated in four peculiar research cases. The testing examples presented herein were the following: the isolated strut-braced wing of a light reconnaissance airplane, the light drone imitating an aerial target for some on-ground anti-aircraft artillery sets, the empty airframe of a very light jet and the miniature UAV. Some exemplary results obtained from testing these objects were presented. At the end, some observations and conclusions were noted in the context of usefulness of conducted researches.
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"Aerial and Under-water Dronal Communication: Potentials, Issues and Vulnerabilities." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 1 (November 10, 2019): 3874–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.a4958.119119.
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The use of UAVs has been on the rise since the past decade. These UAVs are very versatile and can be applied to several fields ranging from agriculture to military reconnaissance. Due to the immense functionality of the UAVs, it has now become a very popular topic in Research. With the advent of Deep Learning and Machine Learning the autonomous navigation functionalities have been improved but it still poses a challenge as navigating a drone involves the integration of its software and hardware functionalities. This paper reviews both indoor and outdoor navigation. Topics in navigation such as Control, Hardware, Algorithms, Path-Planning, and communication are touched upon in this paper. The paper also presents a discussion on the Navigation of UAVs using visionbased technologies, this technology encompasses the use of various sensors and cameras and integrate it with the navigation system of the UAV to ensure the success of UAV’s operation. UAVs play a pivotal role in networking, many applications have been developed which have UAVs as an important component in them. Their applications include Urban computing, Internet of Things, Ubiquitous Computing to name a few. Safely operating a UAV as a network node is not a simple task, these nodes are prone to various types of attacks. A new type of attack introduced in this paper is termed as “Coagulation Attack”. This attack gets its name from the coagulation property of fluids wherein fluids clot and their particles settle down. This paper explores the concept, issues, challenges and research aspects of Coagulation attack. This paper also introduces the concept of Underwater Wireless Communication. On a planet where 70% of the surface is covered in water, UWC has a lot of potentials to be exploited. Moreover UWC is critical in many key areas of Maritime research, commerce, and surveillance. UWC is used for experimental observation, data collection and analysis, underwater navigation, disaster prevention and early detection warning of a tsunami. In addition, we summarize emerging technologies in the UWC, future research directions and recommendations using fifth-generation (5G) communication techniques.
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ISRAYELYAN, ARMEN. "THE ISRAELI FACTOR IN IRAN-AZERBAIJAN RELATIONS (2005-2013)." BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES, September 2021, 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2021-34.1-142.
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The article deals with Israel’s factor which influences Iran-Azerbaijan relations. The article highlights the following issues when assessing the impact of the Israeli factor on Iran-Azerbaijan relations: • Represent Israel’s foreign policy priorities on Azerbaijan, • Assess the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Azerbaijan-Israel cooperation and analyze Iran's policy within this context, • Analyze Azerbaijan's motives for strengthening cooperation with Israel. The nuclear program, Iran's missile systems, the Shia factor, the Iranian-speaking peoples of Azerbaijan (Tats, Talish), the activities of Azerbaijani Shia opposition figures, the 760-kilometer border between Azerbaijan and Iran – these are the main factors underlying Israel's policy towards Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan first of all justified the establishment of relations with Israel with the expectation of receiving military-political assistance from Israel in the settlement of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict. During the presidency of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013), when one of the scenarios for suspending Iran's nuclear program was considered a military attack, the territory of Azerbaijan was considered a platform for attacking Iran. While Baku has made every effort to exclude the Iranian factor in Azerbaijan-Israel military cooperation, the Iranian military-political management has always been skeptical of Baku's assurances, claiming that Israeli drones could easily be used for reconnaissance against Iran. • During Hassan Rouhani's presidency, as compared with Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's presidency, positive developments took place in the relations between Azerbaijan and Iran, and bilateral economic cooperation strengthened. In order to weaken Israel's influence in Azerbaijan, Iran replaced its policy of harsh response to Azerbaijan with economic cooperation. Iran was more concerned about the growing influence of Israel in various spheres in Azerbaijan than the use of a possible Israeli threat against Iran from the territory of Azerbaijan, which has always been raised in the past. • Azerbaijan tried to bring counterargument against Israel-Azerbaijan relations with Armenia-Iran relations. • In order to weaken Iran's religious influence, Azerbaijan, on the one hand, repressed the country's Shiite opposition figures, and on the other hand, Baku managed to obtain military-political support from Israel by exploiting the Iranian-Shiite "threat". • According to Iranian experts, the strategic relations between Azerbaijan and Israel have been established in the South Caucasus, in particular due to Iran's wrong policy towards Azerbaijan. • Currently, if in the Middle East, Iran more or less manages to control the threats appearing from the proxy war with Israel, than on its immediate border Iran is trying to avoid a direct confrontation with Israel. During the Second Artsakh War, the transfer of Israeli UVC of the territory of Iran, and in this regard, Iran's cautious statements are evidence of that.