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Journal articles on the topic 'Reconnaissance Troop'
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1
Ju, Byungjun, Minsu Kim, and Ilkyeong Moon. "Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Reconnaissance and Transportation." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 14, 2021): 3188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063188.
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Troop movement involves transporting military personnel from one location to another using available means. To minimize damage from enemies, the military simultaneously uses reconnaissance and transportation units during troop movements. This paper proposes a vehicle routing problem considering reconnaissance and transportation (VRPCRT) for wartime troop movements. The VRPCRT is formulated as a mixed-integer programming model for minimizing the completion time of wartime troop movements and reconnaissance, and transportation vehicle routes were determined simultaneously in the VRPCRT. For this paper, an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm for the VRPCRT was also developed, and computational experiments were conducted to compare the ACO algorithm’s performance and that of the mixed-integer programming model. The performance of the ACO algorithm was shown to yield excellent results even for the real-size problem. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the change in the number of reconnaissance and transportation vehicles was performed, and the effects of each type of vehicle on troop movement were analyzed.
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Singh, Jaydeep, and Dharmendra Singh. "An Analytical Approach to Design Camouflage Net for Microwave Absorption." Defence Science Journal 69, no. 5 (September 17, 2019): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.14953.
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Microwave absorption has been the key for reduction of radar cross section in the field of stealth technology. In this field, hiding troop details from reconnaissance systems is taken care by enhancing absorption properties of the material. The demand of masking detectable equipment can be met with the help of a flexible net type structure called camouflage net. Optimising and measuring the absorption of the net, comprising of cloth and coating of the radar absorbing materials over the cloth is very challenging task. The task is being accomplished by using trial and error method, which is very cumbersome process and leads to tremendous waste of potential, material and manpower. Therefore, an attempt to develop an analytical methodology using the permittivity and permeability of the fabric material, to minimise this limitation, has been presented in this paper by critically analysing simulated results for various composites. The approach seems to have good potential for developing the camouflage net, especially in the microwave regime.
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Ustinova, L. A., V. A. Barkevych, N. V. Kurdil, R. M. Shvets, V. I. Saglo, and O. A. Yevtodiev. "Current state and trends in the development of the identification tools for chemical warfare agents in Ukraine: ways of harmonization in accordance with EU and NATO standards. Part IІ." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 87, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-87-3-30-42.
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ABSTRACT. Modern chemical-warfare (CW) reconnaissance tasks require a fundamentally new approach to the development of methods and technologies to create a database of technical means that provide the necessary sensitivity, responsiveness and specificity. This phase of the study involves chemical control equipment that is in operational service with EU and NATO armies. Objective: analysis of current international technological standards in the field of control of chemical warfare agents, which are in operational service with EU and NATO armies. Materials and Мethods. Domestic and foreign sources of scientific information, covering current issues of CBRN security in terms of chemical substances control equipment in EU and NATO countries and review of the prospects of their introduction into the arsenal of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The following methods of scientific research were applied: analytical, historical, bibliographic, systematic and informational approach, expert assessments. Results and Discussion. The analysis of foreign chemical control equipment showed that the most priority are portable gas alarms, robotic and air complexes of CW reconnaissance with the possibility of remote detection of the contaminated area, their integration into automated control systems, which provide prompt collection, processing and transfer of information on changing the chemical environment. As for modern chemical control tools in EU and NATO countries in the field of detection and identification of chemical warfare agents and hazardous chemicals, chemical, physical and chemical, biochemical and spectrometric methods are the most applied due to the speed and high reliability of the results. Currently, there is a need to equip the units of the tactical branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Preventive Medicine Service of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine with a multi-purpose warning system of radiation and chemical threats. The compatibility of the warning and troop commanding system will reduce the loss of military personnel and machines during possible combat operations using weapons of mass destruction, as the systems will increase the speed of decision making on the use of individual and collective protective equipment. Conclusion. Harmonization of the standards of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with NATO standards in the field of chemical control is a complex task that requires changes in the system of standards of medical care, which include regulatory, engineering, tactical, medical, educational, and other processes. National scientific and technical potential may be the basis for the creation of new and improved technologies for the production of CW reconnaissance devices and means to indicate chemical warfare agents (CWA) for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Keywords: military toxicology, chemical weapon, identification of chemical warfare agents.
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Tran, Thuan. "Nguyen Lord Navy Corps with the Protection of the Sovereignty and the Exploitation of Marine Resources in the Bien Dong (East Sea)." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i3.1648.
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For over two centuries (from the 17th Century to the early 19th Century), the Nguyen Lords in Cochinchina spent a lot of efforts to develop the navy forces to protect the sovereignty of sea & islands. The navy forces in Cochinchina rapidly grew in terms of troop strength, means and weapons. The Nguyen Lords were greatly concerned about this and frequently urged the recruiting of new troops to expand the fleet. Through trade, the Nguyen Lords established close relationship with Western merchants. With their help in weapon trading and manufacturing, Cochinchina was successfully equipped with fire arms for both infantry and navy forces. The Nguyen Lords were also interested in ship building and troops drilling. War ships in this time significant advanced in technical and combat abilities and capabilities. Therefore, Nguyen Lords’ Navy achieved a lot of notable victories, keeping up with the illustrious tradition of our nation's sea warfare. Typical of these feats included - To sink Japanese pirate ships in 1585; - To defeat the attack of the Dutch East India Company fleets (Vereenigde OostIndische Compagnie, VOC) in 1643; - To fight back the British troops, occupying Kunlun Islands in 1705; etc. In addition to powerful professional army, Nguyen Lords also built many military patrols, to protect and exploit marine resources in the East Sea. The military sea patrols named Hoang Sa, Bac Hai, Que Huong, Dai Mao Hai Ba, Que Huong Ham, etc. were born one by one. They came from fishermen who voluntarily joined military forces in the capacity of draftee (in the sense of military duty personnel); therefore, they were usually called by the name of “military personnel" or "military fishermen". In addition to collecting gold, silver, tools, etc.... of shipwreck to bring back to Nguyen Lords, they were also ready to fight every enemy who violated national sea sovereignty. They really were "war heroes" on the sea. The task of “the military fisherman troops” could be said to be extremely heavy, not just for economic life, but always associated with military tasks, such as going out on reconnaissance, spying, watching out and reporting on pirates, fighting pirates to protect the East sea. They face a lot of dangers to defend the sea-land sovereignty for the nation’s welfare. In this light, “the military fisherman troops” existed throughout the reign of the Nguyen Lords and the later Nguyen dynasty. Recent new findings have reflected a lot of interesting facts about the activities of “the military fisherman troops” as well as their living on the sea during the time of their mission. With all their achievements, “the then military fisherman troops” built up beautiful images shining with patriotism and the spirit of sacrificing their life for the country. The Nguyen Lords set up the Shipping Department in charge of registering, supervising and dealing with boats and ships from abroad to supervise and control the security at the sea.
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Watson, Mark K., and Maryse Froment-Lebeau. "Aïnous de Tokyo : une nouvelle géographie politique autochtone au Japon ?" Diversité urbaine 13, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024710ar.
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Historiquement, au Japon, les mesures politiques concernant les Aïnous ont toujours été restreintes au territoire d’Hokkaidō. Toutefois, en reconnaissant officiellement les Aïnous en tant que peuple autochtone du nord du Japon et de ses environs en 2008, le gouvernement a pris la décision sans précédent – et pourtant souvent négligée – d’inclure les Aïnous résidant hors du territoire d’Hokkaidō dans l’élaboration d’une politique nationale aïnoue. Cet article expose le rôle qu’a joué le mouvement politique aïnou à Tokyo au cours des quatre dernières décennies, dans une campagne visant l’égalité des droits des Aïnous indépendamment de leur lieu de résidence. Il aborde également les politiques trop bien connues qui sous-tendent la reconnaissance du peuple aïnou ; reconnaissance qui promettait beaucoup plus que ce que le gouvernement n’avait l’intention d’accomplir.
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Lazzeri, Christian. "La reconnaissance entre échange, pouvoirs et institutions." Dossier : Le néo-républicanisme 4, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044454ar.
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Cet article propose une lecture critique de l’approche néorépublicaine de la reconnaissance et du projet d’une économie de l’estime, développé par Ph. Pettit et G. Brennan. Il vise à montrer en quoi la conception de la reconnaissance qui est celle de ce dernier est trop étroite, dans la mesure où elle va de pair avec une analyse insuffisante des conditions de la visibilité sociale des performances et capacités des agents, ainsi que de la manière dont les luttes de reconnaissance peuvent contribuer à une telle visibilité. Ce texte montre ainsi en quoi il convient d’élargir la conception néorépublicaine de la reconnaissance. Il vise aussi à dégager les limites du projet d’une économie de l’estime, en montrant ses lacunes eu égard à une réflexion suffisante sur les conditions d’un pluralisme des standards d’estime.
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Kotsyuruba, Volodymyr, Sergei Tsybulia, and Viktor Rybalko. "Justification of the using of the method of air reconnaissance of area of intensive application of mine weapons." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development & Security" 9, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2019.9.1.5.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of mine protection that concerns troops, it is a set of measures carried out by all types and branches of troops, and it is aimed at protecting personnel and military equipment from mine weapons. One of the ways to increase mine protection of troops is to enlarge the efficiency of informing the troops about the mine situation directly in the area of combat operations. Therefore, the timeliness of carrying out activities for the search, identification, fixation of explosive objects in the ground, as well as the timely collection and communication to relevant officials and departments of this information is the main goal of engineering intelligence in areas of intensive mine warfare. One of the ways to improve the effectiveness of engineering intelligence is to introduce the practice of identifying mine-explosive barriers and countering the enemy sabotage, reconnaissance forces and illegal armed groups that install them in order to establish new ways of conducting intelligence. The methods are based on the using of modern means of obtaining, processing and promptly bringing intelligence data about the mine situation. So a significant increasing of the intelligence capabilities of engineering units is possible through the using of unmanned aerial vehicles. When units are equipped with such devices, it becomes possible to move from an object-based method of conducting reconnaissance to a more efficient one — a zonal one, the essence of which lies in certain subunits of intelligence in areas of responsibility. This will allow the intelligence units to introduce continuous monitoring of the terrain with its full coverage, carrying out maneuvers, if necessary, largely by means, not forces. It will lead to increase effectiveness of the using of engineering reconnaissance units, their full coverage of the operation band, a reduction in the time management cycle of exploration and the achievement of a high degree of efficiency in providing information to the commanders on the mine situation.
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Gevorgyan, R., K. Sviatokum, O. Bosyy, S. Grigorenko, and O. Malyshkin. "INTERACTION OF FORCES AND FACILITIES OF RECONNAISSANCE AND FIRE DEFEAT IN THE COMBAT." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 2, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.2.85-91.
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ABSTRACT The article discusses the prospects for the use of artillery reconnaissance and fire destruction as a single system of destruction in battle. The current stage of armament development is characterized by the creation of new types and models of high-precision weapons capable of reliably striking the most important objects of the enemy, does not matter what protective and mobile properties they are possessed and at whatever depth they are located. In this case, the operational disclosure (detection, recognition and determination of coordinates) of such objects and timely bringing intelligence data about them to the appropriate commanders (chiefs) and staffs is a decisive condition for effective fire defeat of enemy (FDE) in combat. Successful completion of such a task is impossible without the organization of a clear interaction of forces and means of reconnaissance and fire defeat in the framework of a unified system of reconnaissance and defeat (SRD) of military formation. The essence of such interaction is in the coordinated by the task, place and time continuous action of forces and means that conducting intelligence, that collect, process intelligence information and quickly bring it to the relevant bodies (points) of command of troops and weapons for making the most expedient decisions in the fire defeat and radio-electronic suppression of the enemy in battle. In the perspective of the SRD military formation, in our view, should be an organizational, information and technical complex of forces and means of reconnaissance and fire defeat, combined with the general management and to provide reconnaissance of the objects of the enemy, their radio-electronic suppression and aiming at them controlled weapons in real time. Meanwhile, the functional elements (subsystems) of a military unit can be considered reconnaissance-fire complexes (RFCs), reconnaissance-electronic complexes (RECs) or reconnaissance-electron-fire complexes (REFCs), operatively created during the combat operations period for specific the tasks of SRD and RES. Each REFC can be assigned to reconnaissance and defeat from one to several groups of important enemy objects. The steady increase in the role of fire defeat, the expansion of the range of tasks it solves, and the significant increase in military power of the means of destruction (range and accuracy of firing, fire rate, ammunition power) caused the increasing of the significance of the quality of intelligence data obtained for the purpose of planning and implementation of fire, its part in the total amount of tasks performed by tactical intelligence. The transition from individual resources and reconnaissance complexes to automated reconnaissance systems and intelligence management systems, that represents a higher degree of integration of reconnaissance facilities in the interests of combat support of troops in electronic-fire operation, is the essence of the most important tendency to improving combat through mechanized connection. Along with a significant increase in intelligence efficiency, the reliability of its data and the accuracy of the coordinates of the affected objects (goals), it promotes a significant reduction in financial and time costs for the creation of new technique. In addition, the development and implementation of automated reconnaissance and intelligence management systems facilitates the creation of unified reconnaissance control centers, RES and fire defeats, which fully corresponds to their role in electron-fire operation.
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Ishchenco, D. A., V. A. Kyryliuk, S. D. Ishchenco, and L. M. Maryshchuk. "PARADIGM OF RESISTANCE TO INTELLIGENCE AND IMPACT UNLIMITED AIRCRAFT COMPLEXES." Проблеми створення, випробування, застосування та експлуатації складних інформаційних систем, no. 18 (December 30, 2020): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46972/2076-1546.2020.18.08.
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The work shows the relevance of the problem of countering reconnaissance and strike unmanned aircraft systems and the need to improve the scientific and methodological support of its solution according to a certain corresponding paradigm. In the work as a paradigm of countering unmanned aerial systems, it is proposed to consider a conceptual theoretical and methodological model of combating unmanned aerial vehicles, which currently provides opportunities for identifying the problems of developing forces and means of countering unmanned aerial systems. The developed paradigm of counteraction can be an element of scientific and methodological support, contributes to the solution of the problem of the complex use of forces and means of counteraction to reconnaissance and strike unmanned aircraft systems in order to acquire the capabilities of troops (forces) to perform tasks as intended in the conditions of the use of unmanned vehicles. The recognition of such a paradigm by specialists determines that their activities are based on the accepted model of countering unmanned aircraft systems, using the same rules and standards established in the industry. The generality and consistency of approaches that they provide are prerequisites for ensuring the required scientific level of a certain direction of research. The proposed approach outlines the tasks, content, components, principles of assessment of means of counteraction to unmanned aerial vehicles by contributing to the effectiveness of the system of protection of the object from reconnaissance and strike (shock) systems of the enemy, which systematizes knowledge in the subject area. problems of modern armed struggle. The prospect of further research is to clarify the mathematical calculations in accordance with the characteristics of troops (forces), military facility, protection system against reconnaissance and strike (strike) unmanned aerial vehicles of the enemy and samples of military equipment that are part of it.
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Malinka, Aleksey N., Aleksey V. Anisimov, and Aleksandr K. Kartashov. "CHEMICAL SUPPORT OF TROOPS DURING WORLD WAR II." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 2 (2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-2-77-82.
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When it attacked the USSR, Nazi Germany possessed signifi cant chemical weapons. Chemical support thus became one of the main kinds of operational (combat) support. Short-term course has been created for chemical service commanders and personnel chemical specialists training. The Red Army’s general attention was paid to the chemical defence measures, to eliminate the enemy manpower, weapons and military equipment by use of the fl amethrower and incendiary means, smoke screens were used to mask. Chemical detection and the prevention of chemical weapons use involved chemical, meteorological monitoring; chemical reconnaissance was provided mostly by chemical troops. It took a lot to provide troops with necessary chemical defence means. The fl amethrowers` mission was to burn the enemy out of long-term fi re facilities and fortifi ed buildings, to block strongholds, and to destroy tanks and armoured personnel carriers. Smoke screens were used to mask rear objects, important industrial facilities in cities, railway junctions, bridges and crossings. Smoke screens masking signifi cantly reduced the effectiveness of German air force bombing.
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Stecz, Wojciech, and Krzysztof Gromada. "UAV Mission Planning with SAR Application." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041080.
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The paper presents the concept of mission planning for a short-range tactical class Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that recognizes targets using the sensors it has been equipped with. Tasks carried out by such systems are mainly associated with aerial reconnaissance employing Electro Optical (EO)/Near Infra-Red (NIR) heads, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), and Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) systems. UAVs of this class are most often used in NATO armies to support artillery actions, etc. The key task, carried out during their activities, is to plan a reconnaissance mission in which the flight route will be determined that optimally uses the sensors’ capabilities. The paper describes the scenario of determining the mission plan and, in particular, the UAV flight routes to which the recognition targets are assigned. The problem was decomposed into several subproblems: assigning reconnaissance tasks to UAVs with choosing the reconnaissance sensors and designating an initial UAV flight plan. The last step is planning a detailed flight route taking into account the time constraints imposed on recognition and the characteristics of the reconnaissance sensors. The final step is to generate the real UAV flight trajectory based on its technical parameters. The algorithm for determining exact flight routes for the indicated reconnaissance purposes was also discussed, taking into account the presence of enemy troops and available air corridors. The task scheduling algorithm—Vehicle Route Planning with Time Window (VRPTW)—using time windows is formulated in the form of the Mixed Integer Linear Problem (MILP). The MILP formulation was used to solve the UAV flight route planning task. The algorithm can be used both when planning individual UAV missions and UAV groups cooperating together. The approach presented is a practical way of establishing mission plans implemented in real unmanned systems.
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Marchand-Lagier, Christèle. "De la connaissance à la reconnaissance: la retranscription d’entretien comme marqueur social." Social Science Information 48, no. 4 (November 17, 2009): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018409344785.
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Cet article analyse les manières de rendre compte d’un échange oral entre un enquêteur et ses enquêtés. Le vote en faveur du Front national, objet politique singulier et stigmatisé, offre la possibilité de mesurer toutes les difficultés que rencontre celui ou celle qui veut témoigner d’une proximité avec son échantillon (au regard du genre et du milieu social). Les retranscriptions d’entretiens placent le chercheur — pris entre l’impératif de la connaissance de ses enquêtés et celui de la reconnaissance académique — dans la délicate position de rendre des comptes sur ce qu’il est. A trop insister sur la place occupée par chacun dans l’espace social, les retranscriptions dévoilent combien tout ce qui peut servir l’échange oral peut desservir la communication écrite sur cet échange. Mots-clés: Communication écrite; Espace social; Front National; Genre; Reconnaissance professionnelle; Retranscription d’entretien
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Arcand, Sébastien, and Maher Najari. "La quête de reconnaissance professionnelle d’immigrants favorisant l’usage de l’anglais dans la région de montréal : entre dissonances et ressemblances." Recherche 55, no. 3 (February 2, 2015): 485–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1028376ar.
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Bien que la problématique de la reconnaissance des diplômes et des compétences des immigrants soit documentée dans la littérature, les immigrants faisant usage de l’anglais constituent une catégorie trop souvent oubliée. À partir de groupes de discussion menés auprès de ces immigrants, cet article soulève quelques-unes des difficultés auxquelles ces personnes sont confrontées dans leur quête de reconnaissance de leurs acquis et compétences. Les résultats montrent notamment qu’en dépit des similarités vécues avec les immigrants faisant usage du français, la faiblesse de la connaissance du français de notre échantillon favorise une connaissance inégale des programmes offerts et, par le fait même, génère l’existence d’obstacles propres à cette catégorie d’immigrants. L’analyse des témoignages des participants fait également ressortir des failles dans la coordination entre les institutions québécoises impliquées.
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Pytel, Marek, and Mariusz Cieśla. "Use of the Territorial Defence Forces (TDF) in counter-subversive operations." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 196, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2542.
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The Territorial Defence Forces (TDF, Polish abbrev. WOT) are to participate in combat counter-subversive operations, alone or in cooperation with other security actors. Using both offensive and protective-defensive forms and methods, they will create freedom of action for operational troops. Precise reconnaissance of the area, infrastructure knowledge in permanent areas of responsibility (Polish abbrev. SRO), cooperation with the non-military system (Polish abbrev. UPM), and cooperation with the local population in combination with the training of the TDF commanders and soldiers equipped with modern weaponry, reconnaissance and object monitoring systems will ensure good quality of protection while reducing the number of human resources involved. All forms and methods of conducting combat counter-subversive activities presented in the article are a compilation of the content contained in the literature on the subject and the practical conduct of training classes with cadets and officers at the Military University of Land Forces.
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Tully, James. "La conception républicaine de la citoyenneté dans les sociétés multiculturelles et multinationales." Articles 20, no. 1 (November 19, 2008): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/040253ar.
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Résumé Les notions républicaines de liberté des citoyens et de liberté des peuples sont d’une aide précieuse pour qui veut comprendre les luttes contemporaines pour la reconnaissance. Ces luttes visent à modifier les normes, jugées trop contraignantes, qui régissent la participation des citoyens. La solution n’est pas, comme le croient les auteurs libéraux, de définir une fois pour toutes les normes régissant la participation dans les milieux multiculturels, puisque les différences identitaires chères aux citoyens changent avec le temps. Il s’agit plutôt d’instituer une forme de démocratie constitutionnelle dont les normes publiques de reconnaissance des citoyens ne sont pas fixes mais souples et au sein de laquelle les citoyens seraient libres de contester, de négocier et de modifier les normes dominantes de la participation. La réponse ne réside pas dans une théorie de la justice, mais dans des pratiques républicaines de liberté renouvelées.
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Cho, Sungrim, Woochang Shin, Neunghoe Kim, Jongwook Jeong, and Hoh Peter In. "Priority Determination to Apply Artificial Intelligence Technology in Military Intelligence Areas." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122187.
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The Ministry of National Defense of South Korea is currently acquiring various surveillance and reconnaissance assets to improve its independent surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities. With the deployment of new strategic and tactical surveillance and reconnaissance assets, the amount of information collected will increase significantly, and military intelligence capable of handling greater complexity will be needed to process such information. As a consequence, it will no longer be possible to handle the increased workload through a manual analysis conducted by intelligence analysists. Further, the number of intelligence analysists is expected to decrease in the near future owing to a reduction in the total number of troops, thereby exacerbating the need to apply artificial intelligence technology to process military intelligence tasks more quickly and accurately. In this study, a method is introduced for determining the ways to prioritize the AI technology domains applied to military intelligence. Consequently, among the five stages used, the processing stage has the highest priority. The application of AI technology to all the stages of information circulation may be ideal. Nevertheless, among various military intelligence domains, the one that affords the highest effectiveness of such an application should be prioritized. This is owing to resource and defense budget limitations.
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Shuliakov, Sergey, and Nikolai Dorofeev. "Ways to improve reconnaissance in the interests of missile forces and artillery." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 9, no. 5 (October 10, 2019): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2019.9.5.2.
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The article describes the experience of creating automated control systems by foreign countries. Experience in controlling fire weapons and reconnaissance assets. The analysis of their interaction. Considered in detail the automated control system of field artillery of the United States of America Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFTDS).
This is an experience of creating a system of foreign countries. Experience in controlling fire weapons and reconnaissance assets. The analysis of their interaction. Considered in detail is the United States of America Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFTDS). This is a multipurpose tactical information system of field artillery using mobile technology. It provides automated decision making for the functional subsystem, support for the ground forces and marines, as well as integrated operational units and united types of troops. The article describes the entire sector of the capabilities of this automated combat control system.
The article also discusses ADLER (Artillerie Daten Lage and Einsatz Rechnerverbund) Germany’s automated field artillery control system. This automated field artillery control system provides all the field artillery control capabilities from the division to the gun (mortar, MLRS, reconnaissance equipment). The unified information network unites target detection facilities, combat (fire) and fire weapons control centers (points). it makes it possible not only to process the data, but also to control the detection mode and hit targets, including the evaluation of intermediate results. Integrated systems of reconnaissance, surveillance, target definitions and their destruction are considered by military experts of the leading, militarily, countries of the world as a critical element for achieving information superiority over the enemy.
Analysis of the interaction of artillery reconnaissance forces and weapons and armaments of the leading military countries of the world provides an opportunity to study the development of weapons and military equipment to ensure the creation of an intelligence-information subsystem of artillery.
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Mendel, Marian, Wojciech Pałka, and Szymon Kupaj. "ARTILERY BATTLE SPACE SIMULATOR – TRAINER “ANTRACYT PLUS”." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 147, no. 3/2018 (January 4, 2019): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8309.
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The paper presents a combat field artillery simulator-trainer ANTRACYT PLUS developed in the Military Institute of Armament Technology. The principle of operation is based on deployment of real equipment to be used by the trainees whereas the effects of their actions are reflected in a virtual space. The simulator is driven by VBS (Virtual Battle Space) which provides a faithful simulation of terrain and troops operations at various combat scenarios. It is used by many NATO armies in designs of different simulators and trainers. A wide spectrum of animations for terrain, weather, field conditions, types of ordnance, personnel, reaction of objects against different actions, etc., provides a dynamic and realistic battle field. A simulator presented in the paper is designated for training and practising parts and complete artillery subunits on fire control, mission planning, and interoperability with the supported troops and assigned reconnaissance means (UAV, radar station, plane, helicopter and other).
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Parent, Geneviève. "La reconnaissance du caractère spécifique du commerce agricole à travers la prise en compte des considérations liées à la sécurité alimentaire dans l’Accord sur l’agriculture." Les Cahiers de droit 44, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 471–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043760ar.
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La reconnaissance d’un caractère propre au commerce agricole est au coeur des débats entourant les négociations multilatérales de Doha sur l’agriculture au sein de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC). D’un point de vue théorique, l’intérêt de cette question réside dans le fait qu’elle se situe dans la vague de changement qui déferle sur l’OMC. En effet, depuis un certain temps, les limites et les théories qui sous-tendent l’existence de l’OMC sont mises à l’épreuve. Parmi les questionnements que soulève cette situation, plusieurs s’interrogent à propos du champ d’action de l’OMC et des incidences de la libéralisation des échanges sur des sujets importants tels que la sécurité alimentaire ainsi que les pratiques agricoles et alimentaires traditionnelles. Les divergences d’opinions des États Membres quant à la manière de traiter les produits agricoles au sein de l’Accord sur l’agriculture sont des symptômes de cette remise en question. La poursuite du processus de libéralisation des échanges agricoles dépend de la possibilité qu’ont les Membres de l’OMC de prendre en considération la spécificité de leur agriculture dans le contexte de leurs politiques nationales. Les négociations actuelles sont donc de première importance pour encadrer et faire progresser cette reconnaissance. Cependant, la reconnaissance du caractère multifonctionnel de l’agriculture, proposée par bon nombre de Membres, nous semble une avenue trop vaste qui ouvre la porte à des possibilités de contournement des engagements déjà en place. D’autre part, la vision prônée par les États-Unis et le Groupe de Cairns, selon laquelle les produits agricoles doivent subir une libéralisation calquée sur celle des produits industriels, est trop réductrice et ne permet pas une prise en considération efficace de la spécificité du commerce agricole. L’avenue appropriée et réaliste pour atteindre cet objectif est de faire fond sur les acquis de l’Accord sur l’agriculture et de les développer afin qu’ils assurent une prise en compte efficace des considérations autres que d’ordre commercial liées à la sécurité alimentaire.
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Daloz, Lionel, Marie-Laure Balas, and Hervé Bénony. "Sentiment de non-reconnaissance au travail, déception et burnout : une exploration qualitative." Santé mentale au Québec 32, no. 2 (March 25, 2008): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017798ar.
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Résumé Le sentiment de non reconnaissance au travail, fréquemment rapporté, n’est guère interrogé en soi. Il apparaît au fil du suivi d’un groupe de paroles à l’hôpital durant six années, comme paravent à des dimensions plus personnelles, peu explicites pour les sujets et guère réfléchies en tant que telles. Reflétant un positionnement subjectif autant existentiel qu’institutionnel ou professionnel, il conduit à interroger le système de représentations des soignants, ainsi que leurs capacités à être satisfaits. Cette plainte prend le statut d’un symptôme chez les sujets épuisés. Il colore leurs discours d’une déception profonde, et connote un sentiment d’inutilité, des attentes professionnelles probablement trop fortes pour être assouvies. De fait, il perturbe le rapport du sujet à son travail, à son milieu professionnel voire aux patients, et mériterait dès lors une écoute plus attentive.
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Pytel, Marek, and Mariusz Cieśla. "Use of Territorial Defense Forces (TDF) in combat operations." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 199, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8110.
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The Territorial Defense Forces’ combat operations carried out for the benefit of the operational troops will create a hardly permeable network of resistance points (defense zones), which will allow slowing down and ultimately stopping the enemy. However, to perform this task, the TDF operation principles and features when organizing the fight should be borne in mind. Apart from that, they must organize their effective system of reconnaissance, anti-landing, and anti-diversion activities, both in their offensive and protective-defensive forms. They will organize resistance points (defense zones) in specific combat environments as for network defense activities. In the first stage of the defense operation, they will take part in cover operations.
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Legrand, Pierre. "En relisant Ross c. Dunstall." Revue générale de droit 22, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058122ar.
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L’arrêt de la Cour suprême du Canada rendu dans l’affaire Ross c. Dunstall reste trop souvent compris comme ayant consacré la thèse de l’option entre les régimes de responsabilité civile. Aussi une relecture paraît-elle indiquée laquelle se propose en outre de faire valoir un aspect méconnu de cette décision, soit la reconnaissance par la Cour suprême de l’obligation non contractuelle de renseignement. Il convient, par ailleurs, de se demander si un texte, comme la décision publiée dans l’affaire Ross, peut légitimement autoriser des interprétations aussi divergentes que celles ayant prévalu depuis soixante-dix ans. Dans l’affirmative, comment l’une des lectures mérite-t-elle alors d’être plutôt retenue que ses concurrentes ?
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Бейліс, Л. В., В. Ф. Зюкін, and С. В. Кукобко. "Radar reconnaissance capabilities estimation of low-sized low-altitude aircrafts by means of radiotechnical troops surveillance radars." Системи обробки інформації, no. 1(147) (January 24, 2017): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/soi.2017.147.01.
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Lories, Danielle. "Art contemporain : questions nouvelles pour l’esthétique philosophique ?" Articles 23, no. 1 (August 7, 2007): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/027362ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Un essai récent de Rochlitz s'inscrit dans le débat actuel sur l'art contemporain en s'efforçant légitimement de rétablir le spectateur dans son droit au jugement. Ce faisant, il propose des critères de reconnaissance et d'appréciation de l'oeuvre qui prétendent, entre autres, échapper aux limites de l'esthétique kantienne qualifiée de subjectiviste. En évoquant des tentatives, analytique (Margolis) et phénoménologique (Gadamer), de traiter de l'oeuvre contemporaine, et en les confrontant aux critères avancés par Rochlitz, on cherche à mettre en évidence les échos kantiens communs à toutes ces approches pour appeler à éviter les interprétations trop étroites de la troisième Critique, et montrer qu'elle nourrit le questionnement sur l'art d'aujourd'hui et peut encore ouvrir des pistes fructueuses à cet égard.
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Shree Gowri Santhosh .V, Vishal .E, Vishak .R, and Dr. K. Rahimunnisa. "LoRa-IoT Focused System of Defense for Equipped Troops [LIFE]." Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies 2, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2020.3.005.
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National security is the capacity of a nation to mobilize military forces to guarantee its borders and successfully defend against physical threats including military aggression and attacks by enemy troops. Every country lives peacefully as soldiers perform their duties. Furthermore, soldiers safeguard’s the honor of their country. Military communication plays an important role in nation’s warfare. Military communication concerns with transmission of every information from reconnaissance as well as other groups in contact with opposition. There are several issues with respect to soldiers’ safety. Whenever any soldier crosses the enemy lines, it is really essential for base station to identify the position and health condition of all the soldiers. This paper presents an idea of monitoring the soldier and also testing every soldier's health condition which helps army personnel to schedule the responsive operations. This paper includes an opportunity to map the positions and record the safety of the soldiers who get lost and wounded on the front line in real time. The data from sensors and GPS module will be transmitted wirelessly utilizing the soldiers’ LoRa kit. The data gathered will be uploaded to the cloud for further statistical analysis. Upon receiving the health status of soldiers, the army officials can keep track of every soldier. Our proposed system allows army personnel at bivouac to track the current GPS position of every battalion and also checks the vitals such as body temperature, blood pressure, ECG, SpO2 of soldiers. It also consists an extra feature with the help of that soldier can ask for help manually by pressing an alert switch to inform the army personnel at bivouac if he is in need or may have sensed the enemy intrusion.
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Riboni, Ulrike Lune. "Filmer et partager la révolution en tunisie et en Égypte." Anthropologie et Sociétés 40, no. 1 (May 18, 2016): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036370ar.
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Désignés très tôt comme les premières mobilisations « documentées par leurs acteurs », les soulèvements tunisiens et égyptiens initiés fin 2010 auront donné lieu à une profusion d’images, saisies au moyen de téléphones portables et mises en ligne. L’assiduité des filmeurs, les prises de risques face à la répression et l’impératif « Il faut filmer ! » maintes fois répété, établissent l’acte de filmer comme nécessaire. Nécessaire pour dire au monde ce qui se passe… mais pour dire aussi sa propre existence. En effet, trop vite circonscrit au moyen du terme « journalisme citoyen » à une pratique au service de la production d’information, cet usage de l’image investit plusieurs fonctions et témoigne de l’exigence de se réapproprier la représentation. Les filmeurs se révèlent alors en lutte pour la reconnaissance de leur dignité collective et individuelle.
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Qu, You Miao, Wei Hua Li, and Hua Sheng Chen. "An Agent-Based Battlefield Simulation Framework for Decision Support." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.774.
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With the continuous development of information technology, as well as sophisticated reconnaissance technology and developed communications network technology, massive data has been brought into battlefield simulation system. Effective management and use of such massive, distributed information in battlefield simulation, thus turn information superiority into decision superiority, has increasingly become a hot research field. To provide decision support for commanders at all levels in the complex battlefield environment, we need to establish a hierarchical battlefield environment model, and to consider the demand of intelligent decision support during the modeling of battlefield. This paper refines the common characteristic of battlefield simulation systems, proposes a battlefield simulation framework based on multi-agent. Intelligent agent was used to model battlefield troops, which brings in decision support into battlefield simulation system. The framework can be implemented with mainstream programming languages. This framework has advantage in simplicity, versatility and scalability.
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Coroiu, Antonia-Renata, and Silviu-Mihai Petrişor. "Aspects Regarding the Design, Practical Realization and Implementation of a Functional Prototype of Wheeled Minirobot for Engineering Reconnaissance." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 27, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2021-0083.
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Abstract For this scientific paper, a study was carried out on communication railways in order to identify potential threats that could hinder the achievement of the objectives of a national or international mission and the modalities to counter the respective threats by using a remote-controlled robotic technological product or operating in autonomous mode [1]. The paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the engineering reconnaissance syntagm, its importance in the military field and the importance of implementing robotic technologies in such actions. In the second chapter deals with the actual making of the prototype, taking into account the established hypotheses and operational objectives. The third chapter describes the real field simulation of the designed and constructed prototype to confirm its usefulness on the battlefield and to convince as many military structures as possible to implement/integrate it with the troops and the fourth chapter describes the conclusions and proposal.
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Nielsen, Paul D., Ahmed K. Noor, and Samuel L. Venneri. "The Next Century of Air Power." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-nov-2.
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The US Air Force has been pursuing the transformation of air and space power through development of technologies that yield new capabilities and by adopting novel operational concepts that enhance our ability to achieve desired military effects. Maturing a comprehensive set of technologies is the mission of the Air Force Research Laboratory. The transformation includes migrating military capabilities to unmanned platforms for a wide range of air applications and developing new directed energy capabilities, which produce effects on the battlefield ranging from the traditional destruction of enemy equipment to the revolutionary non-lethal, non-destructive stopping of advancing enemy troops. Vehicles being planned at the Air Force Research Laboratory include unmanned planes for surveillance and reconnaissance. Combat operations of the future may see officers giving commands to fleets of unmanned vehicles that are able to carry out orders on their own. Although precision munitions are smaller, more precise, and more autonomous, weapons using directed energy are beginning to emerge.
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Gregory, Derek. "From a View to a Kill." Theory, Culture & Society 28, no. 7-8 (December 2011): 188–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276411423027.
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The proponents of late modern war like to argue that it has become surgical, sensitive and scrupulous, and remotely operated Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or ‘drones’ have become diagnostic instruments in contemporary debates over the conjunction of virtual and ‘virtuous’ war. Advocates for the use of Predators and Reapers in counterinsurgency and counterterrorism campaigns have emphasized their crucial role in providing intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance, in strengthening the legal armature of targeting, and in conducting precision-strikes. Critics claim that their use reduces late modern war to a video game in which killing becomes casual. Most discussion has focused on the covert campaign waged by CIA-operated drones in Pakistan, but it is also vitally important to interrogate the role of United States Air Force-operated drones in Afghanistan. In doing so, it becomes possible to see that the problem there may not be remoteness and detachment but, rather, the sense of proximity to ground troops inculcated by the video feeds from the aerial platforms.
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Bougard, François, Geneviève Bührer-Thierry, and Régine Le Jan. "Les él i tes du haut Moyen Âge." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 68, no. 4 (December 2013): 1077–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900015110.
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RésuméRéfléchir aux statuts qui caractérisent les sociétés du haut Moyen Âge suppose de sortir d’une classification juridique et de recourir à des notions issues de la sociologie politique : ainsi le concept d’élites permet-il de prendre en considération tous ceux qui jouissent d’une position sociale élevée au sein de leur communauté, que ce soit par leur fortune, leur pouvoir ou leur culture. S’appuyant sur les sources textuelles et archéologiques, l’historien peut; tenter de repérer les processus de distinction et de reconnaissance sociale qui caractérisent les élites tout au long du haut Moyen Âge (VIe-XIesiècle). L’époque carolingienne montre des signes de hiérarchisation croissante, engendrant des stratégies mises au point tant par les individus que par les groupes, afin de conforter leurs positions et d’empêcher un éventuel déclassement. Les processus de mobilité sociale permettent aussi de proposer une mise en perspective chronologique et régionale, en variant les échelles au sein desélites, tout en se gardant d’une analyse trop structurelle.
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Harka, Ödön. "Combat Support Armament of the Rapid Forces in the Hungarian Royal Defence Forces." Hadtudományi Szemle 14, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2021.1.1.
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Besides the combat-arms assets, the rapid troops of the Royal Hungarian Defence Forces also had field artillery (light howitzers), air defence artillery and anti-tank guns. The order of battle of the motorised units required the existence of one (after the autumn of 1941, two) artillery battalion(s) with vehicle-drawn assets for providing combat support. The motorised artillery battalions initially had four batteries with light howitzers, while the armoured divisions had two motorised artillery battalions. There were two artillery battalions with four (six) batteries in the mobilised organisation of the cavalry brigades (division). For ensuring defence against air attacks, vehicle-drawn air defence artillery battalions were introduced in the armoured divisions and the 1st Cavalry Division with one light and one heavy battery. Against tank attacks, there were 4–6 anti-tank guns in service used by each of the anti-tank companies of the infantry and reconnaissance battalions (in the motorised rifle brigades and hussar regiments of the armoured divisions) and the 1st Cavalry Division.
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Hatsenko, S. S., Y. M. Koutnyi, V. V. Shypitko, D. O. Hrybovskyi, and O. M. Maksymenko. "METHODOLOGY OF THE RATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES AND MEANS OF RADIOELECTRONIC INTELLIGENCE ON THE TASK, OBJECT AND RESEARCH SOURCES FOR THE OPERATIONAL AND TACTICAL CONTROL LINK." Проблеми створення, випробування, застосування та експлуатації складних інформаційних систем, no. 17 (December 30, 2019): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46972/2076-1546.2019.17.15.
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Armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, loss of important industrial potentials, as Topaz State Joint Stock Holding Company, which specialized in the development and production of complex radio engineering systems and complexes, including unique long-range radio intelligence systems and early warning of anti-aircraft anti-aircraft systems Kolchuga radio intelligence provided a significant impetus for the development of radio electronic intelligence (EER) as one of the main, technical types of military intelligence Of Ukraine. Radio-electronic Intelligence of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is a set of measures and actions for obtaining intelligence on the armed forces of the reconnaissance states through exposing the functioning of radio-electronic means (PE3) and systems used for the control of troops (forces) and weapons, collection, processing, analysis and bringing this intelligence to specific consumers within the prescribed timeframe. The purpose of the EED is to expose early and guaranteed early warning signs of an imminent threat to the security of Ukraine by the reconnaissance states (blocs, coalitions), as well as to obtain intelligence for the effective preparation and use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. To achieve the objective of the ERD, the ERD system is functioning, which is a set of interrelated and coordinated in their actions by the tasks, place and time of the ERD governing bodies of all units and forces and means of the military units (units) of the ERF OSF that perform certain intelligence tasks on a single purpose. and plan. Intelligence tasks and reconnaissance objects for the military units (units) of the EWP OSR are determined taking into account their purpose, availability of forces and capabilities and their capabilities. An important element of the planning of the EER, both in peacetime and in the operational period, is the rational (expedient) distribution of EER forces and resources in the military unit of the EOM in the tasks, objects and sources of intelligence. In the article, based on the analysis of problems of distribution of the resource of forces and means by tasks, objects and sources of radio-electronic intelligence, as the basic element of planning on command posts of military units (units) of the ER, the structure of partial distribution methodology for the organs of operational-tactical control unit is substantiated. The methodology is based on a systematic approach to the organization of intelligence, taking into account the requirements of adequacy in structural and functional image in modelling the relationship of tasks, objects and sources of intelligence. The main purpose of the methodology is to develop resource allocation plans to improve the efficiency of conducting electronic reconnaissance by system elements and to evaluate their capabilities.
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Butenko, O., E. Tsuria, and S. Gordeev. "OF CREATING REMOTELY CONTROLLED COMBAT MODULES FOR LIGHT ARMORED VEHICLES." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.6.2020.04.
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The article substantiates the need to create a remotely controlled combat module to equip light armored vehicles (LAV) manufactured at domestic enterprises of the defense complex. The main purpose of LAV is to perform some of the tasks of combined-arms battle and its support, namely: the transportation of personnel, the elimination of enemy’s manpower out of the battle formation, patrolling on the second and third lines of defense of the Joint Forces Operation.
NATO nations procure the following remotely controlled combat modules: United States - M151 Protector RWS and PROTECTOR CROWS II (manufactured by Kongsberg, Norway); United Kingdom - Enforcer (Selex Galilleo, UK) and Protector (Kongsberg, Norway); Germany - light and heavy modules FLW 100 and FLW 200 (manufactured by Krauss-Maffei, Germany).
Remote controlled combat modules occupy a significant niche in the arsenal of modern ground forces. At present, the Armed Forces of Ukraine do not have remotely controlled combat modules that can be used on light armored vehicles. When developing requirements for the remotely controlled combat module, it is advisable to consider the ability to perform basic combat missions by the light armored vehicles and the characteristics of the weapons that will be integrated into the remotely controlled combat module. Weapons that a light armored vehicle is equipped with are used in close combat to solve a large number of different fire missions. The remotely controlled combat module mounted on light armored vehicles is generally used to defeat the line-of-sight targets.
The characteristics of weapons that may be integrated into the remotely controlled combat module and the proposed ammunition load are considered.
In order to simplify design decisions when installing the remotely controlled combat modules on light armored vehicles and for the purpose of performing the task effectively, it is necessary to solve the problem of creating remotely controlled combat modules with a much smaller weight than existing models.
Integration of the aforementioned remotely controlled combat modules into light armored vehicles will allow carrying out tasks on reinforcement of checkpoints, force protection of troops, сonvoy and patrol, destruction of fortified enemy objects, reconnaissance, as well as interception and destruction of manpower and armored vehicles, outside of the battle formations. The bulk delivery of light armored vehicles to the troops will further enhance the mobility of the warfare. Light armored vehicles can be used extensively by air assault troops, mountain assault and motorized infantry formations, territorial defense units.
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Нolovan, V., V. Gerasimov, А. Нolovan, and N. Maslich. "REAL CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RADAR STATIONS OF THE COUNTER BATTERY FIGHTINGV." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.1.30-40.
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Fighting in the Donbas, which has been going on for more than five years, shows that a skillful counter-battery fight is an important factor in achieving success in wars of this kind. Especially in conditions where for the known reasons the use of combat aviation is minimized. With the development of technical warfare, the task of servicing the counter-battery fight began to rely on radar stations (radar) to reconnaissance the positions of artillery, which in modern terms are called counter-battery radar. The principle of counter-battery radar is based on the detection of a target (artillery shell, mortar mine or rocket) in flight at an earlier stage and making several measurements of the coordinates of the current position of the ammunition. According to these data, the trajectory of the projectile's flight is calculated and, on the basis of its prolongation and extrapolation of measurements, the probable coordinates of the artillery, as well as the places of ammunition falling, are determined. In addition, the technical capabilities of radars of this class allow you to recognize the types and caliber of artillery systems, as well as to adjust the fire of your artillery. The main advantages of these radars are: mobility (transportability); inspection of large tracts of terrain over long distances; the ability to obtain target's data in near real-time; independence from time of day and weather conditions; relatively high fighting efficiency. The purpose of the article is to determine the leading role and place of the counter-battery radar among other artillery instrumental reconnaissance tools, to compare the combat capabilities of modern counter-battery radars, armed with Ukrainian troops and some leading countries (USA, China, Russia), and are being developed and tested in Ukraine. The method of achieving this goal is a comparative analysis of the features of construction and combat capabilities of modern models of counter-battery radar in Ukraine and in other countries. As a result of the conducted analysis, the directions of further improvement of the radar armament, increasing the capabilities of existing and promising counter-battery radar samples were determined.
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Anker, Kirsten. "RECONCILIATION IN TRANSLATION: INDIGENOUS LEGAL TRADITIONS AND CANADA’S TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 33, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v33i2.4842.
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One of the key elements of reconciliation identified in the recent final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada [TRC] is the revitalization of Indigenous law and legal traditions. Indeed, the practices of the TRC itself have attempted to embody this principle. However, a concern about state-sponsored reconciliation is that the recognition of Indigenous legal traditions is an empty gesture without a robust engagement with them. This article offers one possible method for outsiders to engage with Indigenous traditions in a way that goes beyond lip service and beyond the limitations of superficial forms of recognition in which equivalence is too quickly assumed. By paying attention to the ways that Indigenous principles and practices are embedded in a network of ideas about the world, a picture of a whole “legal sensibility” emerges that, through comparison, shows the dominant legal sensibility to be one alternative among many. In this way, reconciliation is approached as a process of “unsettling” what is taken for 4granted in mainstream understandings of reconciliation and law. Un des principaux éléments de la réconciliation établis dans le récent rapport final de la Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada [CVR] est la revitalisation du droit autochtone et des traditions juridiques autochtones. À vrai dire, la CVR elle-même a tenté d’intégrer ce principe dans ses pratiques. Cependant, une des craintes relatives à la réconciliation chapeautée par l’État est que la reconnaissance des traditions juridiques autochtones soit un geste vain si elle n’est pas accompagnée d’un engagement ferme. Dans cet article, l’auteure présente un moyen possible de permettre aux profanes d’intégrer les traditions autochtones en dépassant les vœux pieux et les limites des formes superficielles de reconnaissance dans lesquelles l’équivalence est trop vite supposée. Lorsqu’on est attentif aux façons dont on intègre les principes et pratiques autochtones à une conception du monde, l’image d’une « sensibilité juridique » tout entière se dégage qui, par la comparaison, montre que la sensibilité juridique dominante n’est qu’une sensibilité parmi de nombreuses autres. Ainsi, la réconciliation est abordée comme une démarche consistant à « décoloniser » ce qui est tenu pour acquis dans la conception habituelle de la réconciliation et du droit.
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Kozachuk, V., O. Tymkiv, and H. Khavrych. "VIEWS ON THE CREATION AND USE OF FIELD DEPOTS DURING OPERATIONS (COMBAT ACTIONS)." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 7 (May 21, 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.7.2021.03.
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Logistical support of troops (forces) during operations (combat actions) involves the creation of a significant number of field storage units and depots for material and technical means, which should store substantial number of supplies. But in modern conditions, these field depots become an attractive target for the enemy since tthey occupy a large area of several square kilometers (i.e., with a low probability of misses during fire attacks), have clear features that do not confuse them with another spatial object. Field depot is also characterized by extremely low mobility – for example the deployment time of field fuels and lubrscants depot with a capacity of 600 cubic meters is about a day (approximately 20 hours).
The importance of this problem is known, but in many cases experts build a model of creation and deployment of field depots not taking into account not only progress in the development of weapons, but also changes in the enemy's views on combat operations. The experience of Anti–Terrorist Operation and Joint Forces Operation clearly confirms the abovementioned problem. A representative example of this thesis – The main provisions of the logistics of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. This document states that it is necessary to provide for the establishment of separate material and technical means storage departments in order to create and disperse material and technical means stocks, bring them closer to the troops (forces), reduce the distance of delivery and increase the efficiency of material and technical means use. But in this formulation, without providing specific recommendations, the norms of the Basic Provisions remain to be only vain wishes.
In view of the above, it is concluded that the field depots and storage units for material and technical means reserves should be highly mobile, with a short deployment–folding and loading–unloading time, maximally protected from the enemy, including its subversive-reconnaissance groups, and have high camouflage properties. One of the most appropriate options for solving this problem may be the creation of rolling stock on the basis of a special military train, i.e. equipped in conventional railway carrieage (passenger and freight), tanks and railway platforms.
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Dzhus, V., B. Haibadulov, D. Kaluhin, R. Tytarenko, and S. Kukobko. "INFLUENCE OF ERRORS OF TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND ORIENTATION OF RADIO- TECHNICAL MEANS OF AIRSPACE CONTROL ON ESTIMATES OF COORDINATE INFORMATION ISSUED BY THEM." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 8 (June 29, 2021): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.8.2021.04.
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The last decade is characterized by a number of military conflicts, in most episodes of which the achievement of the goal (reconnaissance and (or) defeat of certain targets) by the warring parties is mostly achieved through the use of aircraft, including small and (or) unmanned. The main difference is to obtain the desired results without a direct collision with the enemy ground component of troops (forces).
Most of the recommended measures to combat aircraft in modern conditions can be reduced to: the rational construction of battle order (using the air defense separation), the widespread use of covert communications, radio reconnaissance and electronic warfare, the creation of erroneous and camouflage combat (reserve) positions of air defense means , automation of transmission and processing of information about the air situation with the use of modern technologies and increase the accuracy of coordinate information provided to combat (or fire) means.
Improving the accuracy of coordinate information causes: the possibility of searchless detection and (or) capture of air targets by fire, increasing the survivability of air defense systems by reducing working hours (including time for "radiation") and rapid change of their positions after the task. Modern algorithms for processing coordinate information provided by air defense systems take into account the errors of measurement of primary coordinates by radio engineering, the delay time of information in communication channels and its possible distortion. At the same time, they do not explicitly take into account the influence of topographic errors and orientation errors of radio equipment.
In the work, with the use of methods of mathematical statistics and mathematical modeling, the analysis of influence of topographic errors and orientation of radio-technical means of airspace control on estimations of the coordinate information issued by them is carried out. The obtained ratios allow to make an appropriate assessment and provide recommendations for further research.
In the work with the use of methods of mathematical statistics and mathematical modeling, the analysis of the influence of topographic errors and orientation of radio engineering means of airspace control on the estimates of coordinate information issued by them is carried out. The obtained ratios allow to make an appropriate assessment and provide recommendations for further research.
The obtained results can be used in tests of radio-technical means of information support, in information processing algorithms and automated control systems.
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Pelletier, Benoît. "La clause Canada dans la défunte entente de Charlottetown." Les Cahiers de droit 35, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 51–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043270ar.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis un certain nombre d'années, le Québec aime se définir comme une société distincte, appelée non seulement à maintenir ses acquis mais aussi à s'épanouir soit en tant qu’État-membre du fédéralisme canadien, soit en tant que pays souverain agissant en son propre nom sur la scène internationale. Bien entendu, ce particularisme tient essentiellement au fait que le Québec est le foyer de la francophonie en Amérique et le principal garant de la survie et de la transmission d'une culture unique, puisant à la fois à la tradition française d'où elle tire son origine et à certaines des valeurs propres au continent au sein duquel elle s'exprime. Mais le Québec se distingue également des autres provinces canadiennes par son régime de droit privé, d'inspiration française et, en conséquence, codifié. Le Québec a maintes fois invoqué dans le passé l'importance qu'il y avait à ce que son caractère distinct soit reconnu en bonne et due forme dans la Constitution du Canada. De nombreux rapports d'enquête sur l'avenir du pays et propositions constitutionnelles ont d'ailleurs fait écho à cette revendication québécoise. C'est le cas notamment pour l'accord du lac Meech et pour l'entente de Charlottetown, deux projets de réforme constitutionnelle qui préconisèrent une reconnaissance du caractère distinct du Québec, mais qui n'aboutirent toutefois jamais. Il faut bien admettre cependant que cette reconnaissance du caractère distinct du Québec, qui était formulée dans les deux propositions en question, s'accompagnait de l'obligation pour les gouvernements du pays d'assurer le maintien des droits des minorités de langue officielle, voire, dans le cas de l'entente de Charlottetown plus particulièrement, de favoriser l’épanouissement de ces mêmes minorités. Si nombre d'articles de nature scientifique ont été consacrés à l'accord du lac Meech, trop peu d'études ont toutefois porté sur l'entente de Charlottetown. Le présent article vise précisément à combler cette lacune, en offrant non seulement un examen de la nature intrinsèque des principes de la société distincte et de l’épanouissement des minorités de langue officielle que l'on retrouvait dans l'entente en cause, mais aussi une analyse de la corrélation qui aurait dû nécessairement être établie entre ces mêmes principes, si l'entente de Charlottetown avait effectivement été «enchâssée » dans la Constitution du Canada. L'auteur examine également la corrélation qui aurait dû être établie entre le principe de l'épanouissement des minorités de langue officielle et certains autres principes énoncés dans la clause Canada de l'entente de Charlottetown.
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De Spiegelaere, Myriam. "Santé et habitat : réflexion à propos d'une tentative d'approche multiple et sectorielle." Promotion & Education 12, no. 3_suppl (September 2005): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10253823050120030110x.
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La nécessité d'une approche intersectorielle « santéhabitat » fait l'objet d'un consensus tant pour la population que pour les intervenants de terrain et les décideurs politiques. L'auteur analyse les processus d'articulation des différents secteurs impliqués dans six projets spécifiques santé/habitat, développés au niveau régional ou local dans la région de Bruxelles-Capitale. La question de l'intersectorialité se pose différemment au niveau local et régional. Elle se pose aussi très différemment selon le modèle conceptuel sous-jacent au projet. Trois modèles conceptuels, reflets des processus de connaissance et/ou d'intervention du secteur à l'initiative du projet, ont été identifiés. Chacun de ces modèles se caractérise par une délimitation spécifique des champs de la santé et de l'habitat et des articulations particulières entre ces champs et d'autres aspects de la vie. Le secteur initiateur d'un projet impose son modèle, sa logique et son expertise, ce qui entraîne des difficultés pour impliquer de manière active les autres secteurs concernés. L'articulation d'approches verticales, spécialisées, et d'approches généralistes ou globales se réduit trop souvent à l'intégration d'aspects spécialisés dans l'action généraliste. L'analyse des différents projets montre l'absence de prise en compte de la globalité et de la complexité des interactions entre les multiples aspects de la vie par les acteurs spécialistes, ici environnementaux, dans l'articulation avec d'autres secteurs. Enfin, le maintien dans le temps d'approches globales et multiples est hypothéqué par la non-reconnaissance et l'absence de financement des interventions portant sur de multiples aspects de la vie.
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Levulis, Samuel J., Patricia R. DeLucia, and So Young Kim. "Effects of Touch, Voice, and Multimodal Input, and Task Load on Multiple-UAV Monitoring Performance During Simulated Manned-Unmanned Teaming in a Military Helicopter." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 60, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 1117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818788995.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: We evaluated three interface input methods for a simulated manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T) supervisory control system designed for Air Mission Commanders (AMCs) in Black Hawk helicopters. Background: A key component of the U.S. Army’s vision for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is to integrate UAVs into manned missions, called MUM-T (Department of Defense, 2010). One application of MUM-T is to provide the AMC of a team of Black Hawk helicopters control of multiple UAVs, offering advanced reconnaissance and real-time intelligence of flight routes and landing zones. Method: Participants supervised a (simulated) team of two helicopters and three UAVs while traveling toward a landing zone to deploy ground troops. Participants classified aerial photographs collected by UAVs, monitored instrument warnings, and responded to radio communications. We manipulated interface input modality (touch, voice, multimodal) and task load (number of photographs). Results: Compared with voice, touch and multimodal control resulted in better performance on all tasks and resulted in lower subjective workload and greater subjective situation awareness, ps < .05. Participants with higher spatial ability classified more aerial photographs ( r = .75) and exhibited shorter response times to instrument warnings ( r = −.58) than participants with lower spatial ability. Conclusion: Touchscreen and multimodal control were superior to voice control in a supervisory control task that involved monitoring visual displays and communicating on radio channels. Application: Although voice control is often considered a more natural and less physically demanding input method, caution is needed when designing visual displays for users sharing common communication channels.
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Bołdyrew, Aleksander, and Karol Łopatecki. "Polish Way: The Light Cossack Cavalry in the Era of Military Revolution." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no. 3 (2020): 683–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.301.
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The aim of the article is to show the way of adaptation of the military potential of the Crown to the Tatar threat, which first emerged in 1468. In connection with the particular geopolitical situation we present the dissimilarity of military reforms from those in Western Europe. In order to prevent Tatar raids, a standing frontier army (obrona potoczna or Permanent Defense) was formed. In the 1520s, an innovative strategy was developed which involved creating two defense lines with a very deep reconnaissance, 500 kilometers east of Lviv, already on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The consequence of applying the new model of defense was a new type of armed forces developed approximately two decades later, the cossack cavalry. The article presents a phenomenon of the creation a unified, in terms of weaponry, light cavalry, the process of which took place in the 1540s and 50s. Earlier the troops had consisted of soldiers differently equipped and armored and using various horses. Out of this chaos there emerged more unified units, which was the result of experiences of south-east borderline defense. The article emphasizes it was neither commanders-in-chief nor political and governmental factors that played a key role in the tactical innovation was mid-level commanders (starosts, rotmistrzes). It was their experiments with different types of arms that brought about a revolution in the rearmament and uniformity of the cavalry. The paper indicates that the main originator of the transformations was the starost of Bar and Trembowla Bernard Pretwicz. A clear influence of political decisions and strategic concepts on the final transformations in the warfare tactics should be noted.
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Sheppard, Colleen. "INSTITUTIONAL INEQUALITY AND THE DYNAMICS OF COURAGE." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 31, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v31i2.4416.
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One of the greatest challenges of anti-discrimination law is institutionalized inequality. Recognized in law as systemic discrimination, it is embedded in processes, practices, norms, and relationships that reproduce and accentuate inequality. Legal recognition of the phenomenon, though of critical importance, has not led to effective remedies. Retroactive individual remedies are often too little, too late, following years of slow-moving and difficult litigation. Systemic, proactive laws have been thwarted by institutional resistance to externally imposed change and/or captured by the power of the institutional status quo. This paper explores the challenges of institutional transformation using the idea of courage – the experience of discouragement, encouragement by institutional change-makers, and the power of solidarity to encourage change from the bottom up. L’inégalité institutionnalisée est l’un des plus grands défis de la législation antidiscrimination. Reconnue en droit en tant que discrimination systémique, elle fait partie intégrante des processus, pratiques, normes et rapports qui reproduisent et accentuent l’inégalité. Bien que la reconnaissance juridique du phénomène soit d’une importance critique, elle n’a pas mené à des recours efficaces. Les recours individuels rétroactifs sont souvent inadéquats et trop tardifs et ne sont accordés qu’après des années de litiges lents et ardus. Des lois systémiques et proactives ont été contrecarrées par la résistance institutionnelle au changement imposé de l’extérieur ou défaites par le pouvoir du statu quo institutionnel. Le présent article examine les défis de la transformation institutionnelle en utilisant l’idée du courage – l’expérience du découragement, l’encouragement par les agents institutionnels du changement, ainsi que le pouvoir de la solidarité pour encourager le changement de bas en haut.
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Lascar, P. "Souffrance et risques psychosociaux au travail." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.127.
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Les suicides de salariés et de demandeurs d’emploi ont été les révélateurs d’une souffrance liée au monde du travail. Il est préféré à ce terme, trop subjectif et compassionnel, mal défini car n’apparaissant ni dans le vocabulaire juridique, ni dans la sémiologie médicale, celui de Risques PsychoSociaux (RPS).Nous retiendrons les définitions suivantes qui articuleront les trois communications :– facteurs de risques psychosociaux : éléments organisationnels et relationnels relatifs à l’environnement professionnel du travailleur qui peuvent potentiellement entraîner chez lui des troubles psychiques;– troubles psychosociaux : troubles psychiques chez un travailleur, dont l’origine est directement liée à son milieu professionnel;– risques psychosociaux : probabilité de survenue de troubles psychosociaux relative à une exposition à des facteurs de risques psychosociaux.Selon la définition de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé, les RPS sont entendus comme risques pour la santé mentale, physique et sociale, engendrés par une exposition à des conditions d’emploi, des facteurs organisationnels et relationnels en milieu professionnel susceptibles d’interagir avec le fonctionnement mental.Diverses dispositions juridiques (art. L 4121-1 et suivants du Code du travail) et accords nationaux interprofessionnels s’imposent aux employeurs. Leur responsabilité sur la sécurité et la protection de la santé physique mais aussi mentale des travailleurs est engagée. Ils doivent inscrire les RPS dans une démarche globale de prévention et d’évaluation des risques.Notre discipline doit s’engager dans la prise en compte du stress au travail, dans l’identification (prévention secondaire) et dans la prise en charge des RPS (prévention tertiaire). Elle doit remédier à l’absence d’inscription de pathologies psychiques dans un tableau de maladies professionnelles. Des réponses sont apportées tant dans le domaine des préventions que dans celui de la reconnaissance de pathologies psychiques d’origine professionnelle.
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Shumigay, О., and O. Yermolenko. "CURRENT STATUS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEMS. TRENDS AND ADVANCED DIRECTIONS OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 5 (December 22, 2020): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.5.2020.14.
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In the current context of warfighting electronic warfare is crucial for both sides of the conflict. Donetsk and Luhansk regions have become a kind of springboard for testing and application of multifunctional electronic warfare (EW) systems and platforms.
The urgency of creating multifunctional EW systems lies in the need to solve the problem of protection of troops, control points, armament and military equipment from UAV air reconnaissance, protection from weapons, as well as disorganization of enemy‟s command and control by jamming its radioelectronic means. The development and passing into service of modern highly effective multifunctional EW systems requires continuous monitoring of the current state of their development in the Armed Forces of advanced countries.
Developers from around the world present multifunctional EW systems annualy.
The newest means of EW of the Russian Federation are considered and their comparative analysis is carried out. Conclusions are made on the possibility of interdiction of their work in areas of operations. The directions of operational efficiency improvement of the Ukrainian EW systems are offered.
The analysis of trends in the development of EW and the latest command and control systems of the world's leading countries indicates the need to review traditional approaches to EW in the armed struggle of nowdays and the future. Therefore, the problem of bringing the state and level of development of EW to the requirements of the future wars is acute for the Armed Forces of Ukraine, taking into account the asymmetric and advanced nature of EW technology development in the world.
The urgency of the research lies in acquaintance with modern achievements and directions for the development of EW systems used by the enemy.
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Byk, Christian. "Médecine et droit : Le devoir de conscience." Revue générale de droit 27, no. 3 (March 23, 2016): 323–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035781ar.
Full textAbstract:
Les pouvoirs de la médecine autant que les espoirs qui sont mis en elle confèrent au médecin une place particulière dans l’organisation sociale. Détenteur par son savoir d’une action sur les corps, son pouvoir interfère avec celui des maîtres de la Cité qui lui imposent des limites mais aussi l’obligation d’exercer son « ministère » au profit d’une quête individuelle et collective du bien-être. Le médecin, magicien ou thérapeute, fait peur dès lors qu’il n’attribue ses pouvoirs qu’à ses connaissances. Il faut donc le rattacher à la Cité des hommes et, tout en reconnaissant la particularité de son activité, lui signifier qu’il n’est pas au-dessus de la loi, qu’il est lié à chacun de ses patients parce que ceux-ci lui font confiance. Mais ce contrat entre deux individus est aussi et, de plus en plus, un « contrat social » qui insère l’activité médicale dans le jeu complexe des relations sociales, quitte à ce qu’il subisse parfois les « dérives » trop économistes de celles-ci. D’où l’intérêt d’une autre limite sociale, celle qui lui rappelle que ses interventions, parce qu’elles portent sur le corps, supposent le respect de la personne d’autrui dans son autonomie, dans son identité. Une médecine trop orgueilleuse, trop hautaine, voire simplement trop paternaliste, ne peut plus conserver pour elle seule la maîtrise des nouvelles technologies biomédicales. Il lui faut la partager avec les patients, devenus des acteurs de santé, titulaires de droits subjectifs. Le nouveau « drame » de la médecine n’est-ce pas alors, moins que les limites imposées à quelques promoteurs d’une médecine « prométhéenne », les obligations faites à l’ensemble des médecins de prêter leur concours à servir des fins sociales collectives ou individuelles qui ne laissent souvent plus rien percevoir de cette « confiance qui rejoint une conscience » ? Serviteur de l’action sanitaire de la collectivité, le médecin pourra encore se sentir utile dès lors que sa liberté de relation à l’égard de ceux qu’il assiste sera préservée. Cela ne rend pas forcément impossible sa participation à certaines formes de « contrôle social » mais exige la définition de modalités qui respectent substantiellement la fonction médicale. Cette recherche d’un équilibre, ambiguë voire impossible diront certains, apparaît de façon encore plus aiguë dans le cadre des pratiques biomédicales. Le monopole conservé, voire renforcé, du médecin pour protéger l’individu au début ou en fin de vie, lui fait aussi porter, d’une certaine manière, le poids de tous désirs individuels, des intérêts contradictoires, de la tentation de franchir les limites du possible, de l’interdit. Il faut alors admettre que sa conscience puisse lui permettre, lorsqu’il ne peut pas ou ne veut modifier la volonté de ceux qui le requièrent, de décliner son concours. Mais, même en agissant ainsi, et c’est pour cela que la clause de conscience se distingue de la liberté de contracter, le médecin qui refuse d’administrer tel acte, ne devra pas cesser de compatir avec celui qui lui fait face. Gageons qu’ainsi comprise, la pratique médicale contribuera à rendre le droit qui s’y applique conforme au rôle que d’Aguesseau voulut pour la justice : « juger humainement des choses humaines ».
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Levulis, Samuel J., So Young Kim, and Patricia R. DeLucia. "Effects of Touch, Voice, and Multimodal Input on Multiple-UAV Monitoring During Simulated Manned-Unmanned Teaming in a Military Helicopter." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601030.
Full textAbstract:
A key component of the U.S. Army’s vision for future unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations is to integrate UAVs into manned missions, an effort called manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T; Department of Defense, 2010). One candidate application of MUM-T is to provide the Air Mission Commander (AMC) of a team of Black Hawk helicopters control of multiple UAVs, offering advanced reconnaissance and real-time intelligence of the upcoming flight route and landing zones. One important design decision in the development of a system to support multi-UAV control by an AMC is the selection of the interface used to control the system, for example, through a touchscreen or voice commands. A variety of input methods is feasible from an engineering standpoint, but little is known about the effect of the input interface on AMC performance. The current study evaluated three interface input methods for a MUM-T supervisory control system used by an AMC located in a Black Hawk helicopter. The evaluation was conducted with simulation software developed by General Electric. Eighteen participants supervised a team of two helicopters and three UAVs as they traveled towards a landing zone to deploy ground troops. A primary monitor, located in front of the participant, presented displays used to monitor flight instruments and to supervise the manned and unmanned vehicles that were under the AMC’s control. A secondary monitor, located adjacent to the participant, presented displays used to inspect and classify aerial photographs taken by the UAVs. Participants were responsible for monitoring and responding to instrument warnings, classifying the aerial photographs as either neutral or hostile, and responding to radio communications. We manipulated interface input modality (touch, voice, multimodal) and workload (rate of photographs to classify). Participants completed three blocks of 8.5-minute experimental trials, one for each input modality. Results indicated that touch and multimodal input methods were superior to voice input. Participants were more efficient with touch and multimodal control (compared to voice), evidenced by relatively shorter photograph classification times, a greater percentage of classified photographs, and shorter instrument warning response times. Touch and multimodal input also resulted in a greater percentage of correct responses to communication task queries, lower subjective workload, greater subjective situation awareness, and higher usability ratings. Multimodal input did not result in significant performance advantages compared to touch alone. Designers should carefully consider the performance tradeoffs when selecting from candidate input methods during system development.
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Hammad, Manar. "L'Université de Vilnius: exploration sémiotique de l’architecture et des plans." Semiotika 10 (December 22, 2014): 9–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/semiotika.2014.16756.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude sémiotique de l’Université de Vilnius s’articule en deux composantes intimement liées: l’objet d’étude d’une part, la méthode mise en oeuvre d’autre part. L’image qui se dégage de l’objet dépend de la méthode descriptive, et la méthode descriptive a été adaptée pour la prise en compte de certains caractères spécifiques de l’objet donné. Par commodité, ces deux composantes seront abordées séparément dans ce résumé.L’objet d’étude est constitué par l’Université de Vilnius, considérée d’un point de vue spatial. Si l’état actuel des bâtiments est directement accessible à l’observation, plusieurs états antérieurs sont décrits par une collection de plans conservés dans les archives du département de l’héritage culturel du Ministère de la Culture Lituanien. La Bibliothèque Nationale de France conserve en outre une collection de projets dessinés pour l’Université de Vilnius au sein de la Compagnie de Jésus. L’analyse sémiotique de ce corpus syncrétique (bâtiments, plans techniques, projets) impose la prise en compte d’acteurs sociaux (enseignants, étudiants, techniciens) et d’acteurs environnementaux (froid, feu, intempéries, vieillissement) dont les interactions avec les lieux sont productrices de sens.Le caractère spécifique d’un tel corpus pourrait laisser croire que l’analyse n’aurait d’intérêt que pour des lecteurs lituaniens motivés par des liens affectifs locaux. Sans remettre en cause les qualités indéniables du corpus retenu, l’utilisation de la méthode sémiotique donne à l’analyse un intérêt méthodologique dont la généralité ne se restreint pas au cas considéré. Pour l’étude des plans de l’Université de Vilnius, l’approche sémiotique est amenée à effectuer un bond qualitatif par rapport aux études initiées en 1974 par le Groupe 107, et l’approche discursive Greimassienne remplace une approche linguistique trop attachée au modèle Hjelmslevien. La consécution diachronique des plans permet de reconnaître plusieurs transformations de l’espace universitaire, chacune d’entre elles distinguant un avant d’un après. L’aménagement des cours autour desquelles se déploient les salles, la concaténation des cours, leur orientation, leurs degrés d’ouverture, permettent de reconnaître des effets de sens successifs qui informent l’opération globale par laquelle l’Université tend à occuper la totalité de l’îlot urbain dans lequel elle est inscrite, et dont elle n’occupait initialement qu’une partie réduite. L’apparition des portiques au dix-septième siècle, leur mode d’implantation, leur organisation modifient profondément l’espace universitaire, tant dans son allure visuelle que dans son fonctionnement pragmatique. La substitution des voûtes aux plafonds change l’allure de l’intérieur des locaux, tout en assurant une meilleure résistance aux éventuels incendies, dont l’occurrence répétée est notée par les archives.L’analyse discursive de l’espace impose la prise en compte d’acteurs sociaux qui agissent sur l’espace ou dans son cadre. Une première distinction différencie les Enseignants des Enseignés. Lors de la fondation de l’Université en 1586, l’enseignement est confié à la Société de Jésus, dont la fondation en 1540 était relativement récente, et dont la vocation à l’enseignement s’affirmait avec force non seulement en Europe, mais aussi au Nouveau Monde récemment découvert. La dissolution de l’Ordre Jésuite en 1772 eut des répercussions directes sur l’Université de Vilnius, en particulier sur l’organisation interne des locaux et sur leur attribution fonctionnelle (on peut noter que la différenciation fonctionnelle des lieux est inscrite sur les plans qui remontent au début du dix-septième siècle). Les espaces dévolus aux étudiants permettent de distinguer un groupe résidant (les internes) et un groupe non résidant (les externes) parmi une population que l’on suppose locale et régionale, car la situation géographique de la Lituanie était relativement périphérique par rapports aux centres du savoir qu’étaient Rome et Paris à la fin du seizième siècle et au début du dix-septième siècle. L’élaboration parisienne des plans pour l’Université de Vilnius témoigne du fait que l’on pensait l’espace comme un moyen d’action (que la sémiotique identifie, selon les cas, comme acte d’énonciation spatiale, ou comme acte de manipulation, au sens technique du terme).Différentes expressions matérielles (alignement des bâtiments sur les directions cardinales, allure italianisante des cours à portiques) véhiculent les valeurs profondes universelles du programme de base de l’Université, qui est celui de la diffusion (transmission) de valeurs abstraites d’un centre vers une périphérie. L’enseignement réservait un large part à la religion catholique, universelle par définition (c’est le Père de l’Église Clément d’Alexandrie qui promeut l’usage du terme grec Katholikos -universel- pour qualifier le Christianisme). Dans l’Italie de la Renaissance, les théoriciens Alberti et Vasari opposent les valeurs universelles de l’Humanisme, tirées de l’Antiquité Classique, aux valeurs particulières caractérisant la production de l’Europe « gothique » du Moyen-Âge, ce dernier étant défini négativement comme ce qui a séparé l’Antiquité de la Renaissance.Considérée comme énoncé spatial, l’architecture apparaît comme un dispositif matériel chargé de modalités destinées à réguler l’action des acteurs qui y accomplissent leurs programmes d’usage. La circulation physique des personnes s’avère jouer un rôle central parmi les actions reconnaissables. Le circuit des visites guidées, opposé à la latitude donnée aux étudiants et aux enseignants, permet de définir un secteur public (moderne) de l’Université, centré sur la bibliothèque, et opposable à un secteur privé centré sur le rectorat. Les portiques, installés aux différents étages pour résoudre des questions de circulation humaine, remplissent simultanément des fonctions d’éclairage et d’isolation thermique. En reconnaissant de telles superpositions fonctionnelles, l’analyse impose la reconnaissance d’acteurs sémiotiques non matériels tels que la lumière et le froid. La poursuite de la même logique d’analyse mène à la reconnaissance du feu et du temps comme acteurs jouant un rôle dans la détermination des formes architecturales, et donc dans la formation de l’énoncé spatial qu’est l’Université.Opposable aux processus évoqués ci-dessus, l’action qui coordonne l’homogénéisation de l’allure de la Grande Cour et celle de la Cour de l’Observatoire ne relève pas de l’énoncé spatial interne, mais d’une énonciation externe: elle témoigne d’une pensée plastique, géométrique, qui poursuit une fin identitaire: son action donne à l’Université, à un moment de son existence, une allure cohérente qui participe à la définition de son identité. Une démarche énonciative comparable est repérable, à l’époque récente, dans la mise en espace de deux espaces garnis de fresques: le vestibule balte et le vestibule grec. Par de tels actes énonciatifs, la direction de l’Université s’adresse à la communauté universitaire, définie ainsi comme un destinataire interne, pour lui transmettre des messages dont les valeurs profondes sont reconnaissables comme l’identité, la cohérence, l’universel, le particulier. D’autres transformations architecturales, en particulier celles qui sont menées au début du dix-neuvième siècle sur la cour de la bibliothèque, développent vis à vis du public extérieur à l’Université, un discours relatif aux savoirs qu’elle développe et diffuse dans la société. Le caractère diachronique du corpus impose de reconnaître des transformations, mettant dès lors l’accent sur des actes énonciatifs spatiaux, puisque tout acte de construction est interprétable comme un acte énonciatif. Ce qui fait beaucoup de place, dans l’analyse, aux effets de sens énonciatifs, aux dépens des effets de sens énoncifs. D’un point de vue méthodologique, ceci apporte la preuve, par l’exemple, de la pertinence de l’utilisation du concept d’énonciation pour une expression spatiale et non verbale.
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Hornby, Ross. "State Immunity. Re Canada Labour Code: A Common Sense Solution to the Commercial Activity Exception." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 30 (1992): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800005154.
Full textAbstract:
SommaireDans l’affaire Re Code canadien du travail, [1992] 2 R.C.S. 3, la Cour suprême du Canada interprétait pour la première fois la Loi sur l’immunité des États, L.R.C. 1985, ch. S-18. Cette loi fédérale, adoptée en 1982, codifie la théorie restrictive de l’immunité de juridiction des tribunaux du droit international coutumier. Elle établit une règle générale de l’immunité, à laquelle s’applique cependant un certain nombre d’exceptions, notamment l’exception de l’activité commerciale.L’affaire opposait les États-Unis d’Amérique et l’Alliance de la fonction publique du Canada. Ce syndicat demandait l’accréditation à titre d’agent négociateur des civils canadiens travaillant comme personnes de métier pour la marine américaine à la base d’Argentia, à Terre-Neuve. En donnant raison aux États-Unis, la Cour a toutefois évité d’interpréter de façon trop étroite l’exception de l’activité commerciale comme le réclamait l’appelant (les États-Unis).Rejetant toute “distillation antiseptique afin de qualifier une fois pour toute l’activité en question, quel qu’en soit l’objet,” la Cour dans l’arrêt majoritaire a opté pour une méthode contextuelle, faisant de la “nature” d’un acte, ainsi que son “objet” des facteurs pertinents dans l’application de l’exception de l’activité commerciale. Soucieuse d’aller au-dela de ce débat souvent stérile sur la “nature” et l“objet” d’une activité, la Cour a évalué l’impact de la non-immunité sur l’État étranger, essayant de concilier l’intérêt de ce dernier avec l’intérêt du public dans la juridiction de nos tribunaux.La majorité a insisté sur la complexité des relations de travail des employés canadiens de la base faisant d’abord ressortir le fait qu’il s’agissait à la fois d’activités commerciales et d’activités souveraines de l’État. Elle a jugé que le fait pour les États-Unis de recruter localement du personnel d’entretien constituait une activité commerciale, et que par conséquent, les employés canadiens avaient le droit de demander aux tribunaux de faire respecter leur contrat de travail. Reconnaissant que l’application des dispositions du Code canadien du travail risqueraient de perturber les opérations militaire de la base, la majorité a toutefois reconnu l’immunité des États-Unis à l’égard de la gestion et du contrôle de l’emploi à la base.Les dissidents ont mis en doute l’incidence du Code canadien du travail sur les activités militaires de la base et se seraient opposés à ce qu on fasse droit à la demande d’immunité du gouvernement américain. Ils ont cependant convenu avec la majorité que la façon dont la loi définit l’exception de l’activité commerciale ne s’opposait pas à l’examen de l’objet d’une activité et que le tribunal devait donc tenir compte de l’ensemble du contexte dans lequel elle s’est déroulée.
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Craig, Elaine. "Converging Feminist and Queer Legal Theories: Family Feuds and Family Ties." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 28, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v28i1.4495.
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The notion that queer theory and feminism are inevitably in tension with one another has been well developed both by queer and feminist theorists. Queer theorists have critiqued feminist theories for being anti-sex, overly moralistic, essentialist, and statist. Feminist theorists have rejected queer theory as being uncritically pro-sex and dangerously protective of the private sphere. Unfortunately these reductionist accounts of what constitutes a plethora of diverse, eclectic and overlapping theoretical approaches to issues of sex, gender, and sexuality, often fail to account for the circumstances where these methodological approaches converge on legal projects aimed at advancing the complex justice interests of women and sexual minorities. A recent decision from the Ontario Court of Justice addressing a three-parent family law dispute involving gay and lesbian litigants demonstrates why recognition of the convergences between feminist and queer legal theories can advance both queer and feminist justice projects. The objective of this article is to demonstrate, through different and converging interpretations of this case that draw on some of the theoretical insights offered in a new anthology called Feminist and Queer Legal Theory, one rather straight-forward claim. The claim advanced here is that activists, advocates, litigants and judges are all well served by approaching complex legal problems involving sex, sexuality and gender with as many “methods” for pursuing and achieving justice as possible.La notion que la théorie homosexuelle et le féminisme sont inévitablement en conflit l’un avec l’autre a été bien développée à la fois par les théoriciens et théoriciennes homosexuels et féministes. Les théoriciens et théoriciennes homosexuels ont critiqué les théories féministes les qualifiant d’être anti-sexe, trop moralistes, essentialistes et étatistes. Les théoriciens et théoriciennes féministes ont rejeté la théorie homosexuelle la qualifiant d’être pro-sexe sans esprit critique et dangereusement protectrice du domaine privé. Malheureusement, ces descriptions réductionnistes de ce qui constitue une pléthore d’approches théoriques aux questions de sexe, de genre et de sexualité qui sont diverses, éclectiques et qui se chevauchent manquent fréquemment de tenir compte de circonstances où ces approches méthodologiques convergent sur des projets légaux visant à faire avancer les intérêts juridiques complexes des femmes et des minorités sexuelles. Une décision récente de la Cour de justice de l’Ontario portant sur un litige en droit de la famille entre trois parents et impliquant des parties homosexuelles et lesbiennes démontre pourquoi la reconnaissance des convergences entre les théories juridiques féministes et homosexuelles peut faire avancer à la fois les projets légaux homosexuels et féministes. Le but de cet article n’est pas de suggérer qu’une seule «théorie juridique féministe homosexuelle» convergente soit possible, ou même désirable. Plutôt, le but est de démontrer, par le biais d’interprétations différentes et convergentes de ce cas qui s’inspirent de certaines intuitions théoriques présentées dans une nouvelle anthologie intitulée Feminist and Queer Legal Theory, une proposition assez simple. La proposition avancée ici est que les activistes, les avocats, les parties à un litige et les juges sont tous bien servis en abordant des problèmes légaux complexes au sujet de sexe, de sexualité et de genre avec autant de «méthodes» que possible pour considérer la justice dans tous ses détails.