Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reconstruction d'après-guerre (2e guerre mondiale)'
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Durand, Yves. "Opinion et pouvoirs dans les années quarante : le Loiret, Vichy, les prisonniers de guerre, la reconstruction." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100101.
Full textThe thesis includes a collection of studies on the period of the fourties. Published works: -"Vichy, 1940-1944"; -"Liberation in the Loire valley countries"; - "Loiret in war-time"; - "Captivity; a history of the french prisoners of war, 1939-1945"; - "The daily life of the prisoners of war, 1939-1945". Articles and other publications : - "Vichy policy at work in the provinces : the "Departement du Loiret" as an exemple", in "Le Gouvernement de Vichy, 1940-1942"; -"The regional policy of Vichy at work : the regional "prefecture" of Orleans", in "Regions et regionalismes"; - "Political collaboration in the countries of central Loire", in revue d'histoire de la deuxième guerre mondiale, juillet 1973 "Reconstruction and urban projects on the ruins of juin 1940 : the bombed out cities of the loiret as an exemple" (in rev. D'hist. De la deux. Guerre mond. , juillet 1970). - "Modernisation and reconstruction : conclusions drawn from the study of the rebuilding of Orleans. " in the symposium on France getting modernized (fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1981). - "The Organisations of former prisoners of war" in "war's memory" (universite of metz). All these works are dealing with a common theme, that of the relationships between opinion and the "authorities", in France, between 1939 and 1949. They aim at understanding better : -how war, the occupation and the liberation of France together with its aftermath, have been lived through by French populations. -how, at bottom level, populations have reacted to the problems arising from those events; - how those reactions interacted with the position related to the same events and problems which were taken by the successive local and central authorities, during those troubled times
Bougdira, Tarik. "La reconstruction des équipements collectifs et productifs à Bordeaux et en Gironde : 1945-1954." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30047.
Full textBecause of the occupation and the liberation's circumstances, the gironde departement went trought few destructions because of the war. The ministry of reconstruction and urbanism was put in charge of national reconstruction and insisted upon his choices trought reconstruction's departemental delegation. Local characteristics are only taken into account when they are not against the general policy of this ministry. The reconstruction changed a few the urban landscape in bordeaux and in its agglomeration. However, these changements are the fact of new cities. These housings are equiped with a package of necessary social equipements. During the reconstruction's period, first,productive equipements are put back and brought up to date ; the building reconstruction is put in the second place. This reconstruction goes with disruptions, which called into questionned traditional equilibrium. During this period, france enters a modernisation'sera, whereas the economy of bordeaux experiences important changements
Tonnerre, Jean-Claude. "Histoire économique et sociale de Lorient : 1945-1970." Rennes 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN20029.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is composed of two parts: a video film of 40 min (in collaboration with M. Legrand Philippe) this film presents the history of Lorient by grounding on a chronologic order, from the birth of the town days. It's the illustration of the writing part and makes 40 min synthesis is of that part the writing search work: economic and social's history of Lorient: 1945-1970. This part is the synthesis of a town's devolution that been ruined by the war. The first chapter reminds us the maritime vocation of Lorient, bombing of January 1945, and of course the German resistance till 1945, on 8 may, the second chapter is for the after war time and that's what we call the historic search : the politic, social and economics’ reorganisation into the ruins. The last chapter illustrates the rebuilding time: 1948 - 1970, the urban reconstruction Ministry organises the new map from the diagram of 1939. It gives right to social habitations and large streets. This chapter debates on demography, and economic straightening out too the social movements are presented as well as politic life from 1945 to 1970. A conclusion goes in front of a large documentation
Erbs, Laurent. "Le marché du travail dans l'espace Lorrain pendant la reconstruction : 1944-1953." Metz, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2007/Erbs.Laurent.LMZ0701.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show that the regulation of the labour market during the period of the reconstruction in lorraine (1944-1953), did not allow to solve contradictions between the practices of the access to employment, and the development of the work paid such as it was planned. This logic of growth is pulled about between the policies of reforms, industrialization, and the inertia caused by the various forms of shortage. The first part of the thesis presents an immediate post-war period during which the people of lorraine were confronted to a reduced application for a job, whereas, since 1944, the public power has set up measures of regulation of the labour market to found a policy of work and employment. The latter results in measures of objective right intended to frame the wage labour nexus, in the interest of the worker, and to direct the labour within the framework of the modernization envisaged by the "plan monnet". However, the limits of these measures appear quickly and contribute to consolidate imbalances already present in the wage labour nexus. The second part of the thesis, which covers the period 1947-1953, shows that imbalances in the wage labour nexus are also inherent with a rationing of the labour market in lorraine in which coexist deficit of labour and unemployment. If the first one is compensated by the importation of foreign labour, the second one is not really reduced. This one preserves a latent character, more especially as the policy of the employers of heavy industry is keeps directed towards the stabilization of manpower, whereas the prospects for the common market of steel and coal open and will be effective in 1953
Voldman, Danièle. "Histoire d'une politique : la reconstruction des villes françaises de 1940 à 1954." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010527.
Full textIn France during the world war ii, the rebuilding of bombed cities begun early. In autumn 1940, the Vichy government set up agencies to coordinate the first clearance of rubble and to examine the elements of a consistent policy of urban development. Those policies were continuated after the liberation with the "Ministère de la reconstruction et de l'urbanisme". The history of town planning politics from 1940 to 1954 involves administrative, social, financial and architectural issues. It includes the analysis of networks of architects and town planners, with a description of relations between central policies and local decisions (11 case-studies). At the end of the process, town planning follows the reconstruction of cities with the same agencies
Pouvreau, Benoît. "Eugène Claudius-Petit, un politique en architecture." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010529.
Full textHeyde, Veronika. "De l’esprit de la résistance jusqu’à l’idée de l’Europe : projets européens et américains pour l’Europe de l’après-guerre : 1940-1950." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040055.
Full textDuring World War II some of the European Resistance movements are thinking about the future of Europe after the end of the hostilities. Tired of fratricidal wars, they hope that some day the peoples of Europe will be able to unite and live together in solidarity and peace. In 1943-44 some leaders of the European Resistance meet in Switzerland, discover the similarities of their programs and decide to work together in order to draft a manifesto for the unification of Europe after the victory over Germany and the end of the war. They also try to obtain the support of the representative of the American secret service in Switzerland, Allen Dulles, but the attempt fails. The American government wishes to win the war first and not to lose time by analysing the idealistic programs of the European resistance. Nevertheless, the American administration is examining several solutions for the reconstruction of Europe and does not exclude the idea of a united Europe. Only the method is different and the very first concern is to create a world that corresponds to the American interests. Even if some officials and study groups recommend the creation of a European federation, the State Department doesn’t favour this solution. It prefers the idea of Europe divided up into several regional blocs and controlled by the future world organization. The American support for the unification of the European continent starts rather slowly after the end of the war when it becomes obvious that Europe can be useful as a commercial partner for the United States and bloc against the expansion of communism
Eutrope, Jacques. "L'aide économique américaine et la politique française : du débarquement au début du plan Marshall (juin 1944 - juillet 1947)." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100031.
Full textSetting up of a wartime economy during autumn 1944 and winter 1944-1945. Necessity of getting substantial aid in order to make the mutual aid efficient. Study of the various agreements-summer 1944-Februarys 1945-May 1946 May 1947. May 1946: payment of the wartime-debts unlike what followed the world war one. Insufficiency of the granted loan with what was hoped. Inescapable character of the American economic aid for the whole political class (French communist party included). Distinction between those who think that it should be limited and those who think that it should be lasting. Evolution of the American policy; -at diplomatic level: from universalism to regionalism-at economic level: from the multilateralism to the aid towards Western Europe. General de Gaulle’s will to make France take part in the military victory. Elaboration of a limited independence from an absolute dependence. General de Gaulle’s political and military will is at the root of the increase of J. Monnet's influence and P. Mendes-France’s progressive disinvolvment. At the end of the conflict, the Americans restore their peacetime economy very quickly. Liberty of prices. Gradual reduction in the national debt. Creation of the national advisory council under control of the treasury department (the making decision process relating to the foreign economic policy). Debate within the American administration about the amount of the loan to grant to France. May 1947: mc. Cloy, the bird president, grants a loan of only 250 000 000 dollar to France. The Americans fail to keep their promise concerning a direct or an indirect aid to France in the supplying of coal. The Americans favor Germany because of their budgetary constraints and because of the geo-political importance of this country faced with Soviet Union. In 1947, the Marshall plan announcement and the setting up of a western bloc enable France and the united states to resolve the contradictions between the aims and the practices of their internal and foreign policies
Feyeux, Anaïs. "Photographier l'après-guerre : la reconstruction du champ photographique en Allemagne de l'Ouest entre 1945 et le début des années soixante." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010700.
Full textCipolat-Gotet, Jean-Marie. "La reconstruction de Rouen dans son agglomération (1940-1965) : transformations urbaines, mutations sociales, gestion des populations." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010566.
Full textDell, Fabien. "L' Allemagne inégale : inégalités de revenus et de patrimoine en Allemagne, dynamique d'accumulation du capital et taxation de Bismarck à Schröder 1870-2005." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0090.
Full textThis study analyses the evolution of the relative weight of top income and wealth recepients as was tax rates on income and wealth in Germany from 1870 to 2005 using income and wealth tax data. We try to how long term evolutions can be explained by the shape of the tax system. We conclude that tax can play a potentially important role but underline that exogenous shocks probably played major shaping role, notably between the first and the second world wars
Lamézec, Yann. "Les relations franco-britanniques et le problème de la reconstruction de l'Europe (1944-1947)." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040055.
Full textOur study explores the problem of Europe's reconstruction, essentially the political dimension, from the point of view of the relationship between France and England, from 1944 to 1947. The main objective is to explain why it took until 4th March 1947 for France and England to conclude a treaty of alliance while each of them signed a treaty with USSR before the end of World War II. The first part compares studies made, during the war, by the Free French and English leaders about the problem of Europe's post war reconstruction. It focuses the attention on the points of agreement concerning the analysis of the European geopolitical situation as well as comparable solutions for restoring the balance of power in post war Europe. It also points out the areas of disagreement such as the order of importance placed by each on the various solutions contemplated to restore European balance. Then, our study focuses the attention more obviously on the Franco-British alliance project. The second part explores the possible solutions to realize this alliance, that is to say, a West European Group, a tripartite pact or a bilateral treaty. It exposes the reasons why this is the bilateral formula that was finally imposed on them and difficulties met to make the Franco-British bilateral treaty of Alliance project a reality. The third and last part of our study continues the exploration of these difficulties between the Labour Party's arrival in power in the United Kingdom and the conclusion of the treaty at Dunkirk on 4th March 1947
Dousson, Xavier. "Jean Bossu, architecte, 1912-1983." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010545.
Full textPoupou, Anna. "Représenter la Reconstruction : le paysage urbain dans les films grecs de la période 1950-1974." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030150.
Full textThis thesis discusses the representation of urban landscape in Greek films during the urban reconstruction period (1950-1974). Considering the filmography of popular cinema as a primary source of collective memory of the cityscape before and after its reconstruction, this research explores the film images of the Greek capital landscape, which was characterized by historical discontinuity, architectural rupture and collective amnesia. The thesis seeks to examine both the city’s influence on cinema and the cinema’s impact on the city, exploring how cinema created a cinematographic geography, projected urban models, reflected city imageries and formed utopian visions of historical continuity. The thesis explores various topics relating to the theme of the city, such as the practice of shots in location and the recording of urban spaces, house description before and after the reconstruction, the plots about house demolition, replacement or construction, and the emergence of new symbols in Athens geography. The thesis explores both hegemonic and alternative representations of the city. The nostalgic utopia often found in post war films rejecting reconstruction, the emergence of a modernity discourse, critical views on working class spaces, and the city as a monument or as a showcase of the tourist industry are also examined. For the presentation of a panoramic view of Athens cityscape a corpus of 110 films, representative of various trends in Greek post war cinematography, has been examined
Théofilakis, Fabien. "Les prisonniers de guerre allemands en mains françaises (1944-1949) : captivité en France, rapatriement en Allemagne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100184/document.
Full textBetween the end of 1944 and the end of 1948, almost one million German prisoners of war were detained in metropolitan France by the new authorities. As hated figures of the German occupation and the Nazi defeat, Hitler’s soldiers, henceforth vanquished, became a main issue of how to get out of the war, which involved a large number of actors. The authorities of the provisional government of the French republic were immediately confronted with a huge logistical challenge: to take care of a mass of prisoners, whereas France at the time of Liberation already had some difficulties to provide for its own population. Whereas German prisoners had been claimed and kept above all as labor to rebuild France. From being military in nature, the German captivity in French hands became an economic phenomenon and posed the question of the maintenance of this labor force. Removing the prisoners from camps presented some solutions, but spread progressively the management to the whole society: employers, mayors, but also local populations and public opinions who came in contact with this new German presence. The “German POWs question” became an issue of domestic policy, which made the conflicting diversity of war experiences resonate: Where is the line between the economically profitable treatment, but politically not so patriotic? Who must have priority in the allocation of POW labor? Must the work of this latter be due to the employer or to benefit the whole nation? Answers to these problems defined a certain idea of the reconstruction. This question of the treatment of POWs exceeds the national framework to become an issue of the Franco-American relationships in the after-war period and, de facto, of German policy - decided by two allies with such unequal status: 70% of the prisoners managed by the French had been transferred by the Americans who wanted to keep the responsibility as the detaining power. With the end of the conflict, then the beginning of the Cold War, which changed American priorities, the management of the German POWs at the international scale gives the opportunity to observe how the transatlantic bilateralism was progressively integrated into the European framework which set its own agenda. How could the French authorities meet the claims for liberation from 1946 without thwarting the Monnet plan?
Detry, Nicolas. "Le patrimoine martyr et la restauration post bellica : théories et pratiques de la restauration des monuments historiques en Europe pendant et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2120/document.
Full textRestoration of historical monuments after 1945 is based on the acceptance or the rejection of the drama of loss. I identified for major periods of restoration in Europe after WWII : 1939-1945; 1946-1972 ; 1973-1989 ; 1990-2015. In France, as opposed to Germany or Italy, historiography in architecture still does not deal much with the history of restoration post-bellica, ie with historical monuments destroyed during WWII and progressively restored afterwards. The historiographical task at hand is to study within different contexts (Germany, France, Italy, ex-Yugoslavia, etc) the practices of restoration once peace is back, ie the architectural intervention on the ruins produced by war. Although ferments of restoration (for both works of art and architecture) can be identified, in the current sense of the term, as early as the 1930’s, the discipline is going to mature under the impetus of the immense workshop of post-bellica restoration. Methods, techniques and theories, still valid today, are then produced and applied. My suggestion is that such a workshop can be considered as an European lab within which a kind of "invisible college" is at work, centered around a few major international experts. Architects, historians of art, superintendents, archeologists, natural and social scientists share their experiences and points of view. Research laboratories, universities, museums, churches, international organizations are involved from all over Europe. But Italy is at the heart of the « invisible college ». I have organized the analysis of the post bellica restoration around the question of "lacunes" (deficiency, gaps; shortcomings), first from a theoretical point of view. Then I imagined a new way, a typology of architectural shortcomings in order to explain a practical point of view and constructive comes after the repair or "reintegration of lacune (gap)". I identified different families of "lacune" (gaps) affecting older buildings caught in the war. It’s then possible to speak about "lacune" at different scales and regardless of the type of hit artefact. I wanted to guide the reader through the maze of post bellica restoration, with the "lacune" used as a red string. The hole or the fall of a fragment of plaster in a mural painting, the impact of machine gun in a stone facade, falling arches and a church structures, fractures in the rhythmic span of a facade the complete collapse of the nave and the apse of a church, the destruction of the urban fabric around a monument and the demolition of an old stone bridge are all shortcomings that make us react. That's faces these shortcomings, different each time, what post bellica restoration thought martyr heritage, subject of this thesis
Severo, Donato. "L' Hôpital de Saint-Lô : du projet à l'usage (1946-1999)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010695.
Full textFevre, Raphaël. "L'ordolibéralisme (1932-1950) : une économie politique du pouvoir." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E029.
Full textThis thesis retraces the intellectual history of ordoliberalism, focusing in particular on the works of Walter Eucken and Wilhelm Röpke, with references to the contributions of Franz Böhm, Alexander Rüstow, Leonhard Miksch and Friedrich Lutz. The main question it addresses is the following: how can we explain the fact that ordoliberal thought had the intellectual resources to weight on German post-war reconstruction? In order to answer it, it is necessary to provide a clear definition of ordoliberalism in its discursive context. First the thesis shows that ordoliberalism, in its epistemological (Chap. 1 ), theoretical (Chap. 2), ideological (Chap. 3) and political (Chap. 4) components, can be defined as a political economy of power, i. e. a form of economic knowledge, whose primary objective is to analyse the sources, the action and the impact of power within society; in other words, as a specific doctrine rather than a sub-species of (neo) liberalism. Secondly, the thesis illustrates how this identity played a positive role in promoting a form of political rationality in the post-war years in West Germany (Chap. 5), but also a negative one by excluding rival political programs, such as that of John Maynard Keynes (Chap. 6). Finally, the thesis investigates the ordoliberal discourse as a benchmark for German, and then European, economic policies: a persistence that went together with its radical transformation from the initial political economy of power, to the contemporary form of ordoliberal orthodoxy
Kilesso, Contant Tetyana. "La reconstruction de l'avenue Xreščatyk à Kiev (1944-1955) : des premiers projets à la réalisation finale." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL029.
Full textOur research relates to the history of the reconstruction of Xreščatyk, the main avenue of Kiev, during the first decade which follows the Second world war under several approaches: ideological and economic context in which is the USSR at the time; the state policy in the field of architecture and its impact on the modeling of the architectural forms, materials and building techniques, the organization of the architectural activity, the practical application of the theory of the synthesis of arts, the role of green spaces in the urban planning. We study the various stages of the development and the realization of this major architectural project as a result of the interaction between the social sponsor and the architects. We analyze the architectural concept of Xreščatyk like the adaptation of the national artistic tradition to the context of the Soviet Ukraine of post-war period. Despite the ideological importance of rebuilding the main avenue of the Ukrainian capital, as a symbol of the triumph of communism over nazism, everything is not subordinate to politics in this gigantic building site. The dedication and personal ideas of the authors of the project play a certain role on the one hand and economic realities dictate a number of choices on the other. This work highlights the gap between the ambitious projects of the architectural competition and the final realization, analyzes the mechanisms of adjustment of the project to the real needs of the city
Le, Goïc Pierre. "Brest en reconstruction : mythes,acteurs et rythmes d'une renaissance : antimémoires d'une ville." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES1004.
Full textBolle, Gauthier. "Un acteur de la scène professionnelle des Trente Glorieuses, de la Reconstruction aux grands ensembles : l'architecte alsacien Charles Stoskopf (1907-2004)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG022/document.
Full textThis thesis considers the career of Alsatian architect, Charles-Gustave Stoskopf (1907-2004), who was awarded in the Prix de Rome in 1933. It is based mainly on research in his agency archives. He was professionally active during the “Thirty Glorious Years” in France, starting in 1945 when he was involved in post-war Reconstruction and given responsibility for the rebuilding of villages around Colmar razed to the ground in the conflict. Later, he designed a number of major developments in Alsace and the Paris area. To shed light on his career, we explore the various aspects of the architect’s life, conduct an architectural analysis of a few of his most significant works and, finally, consider the transversality that is a feature of his considerable output. Our study reveals his use of various registers of expression, all of them marked by academic terminology and an Alsatian heritage to which he refers constantly while giving it a new innovative twist. He also succeeded in drawing on various influences, enabling him to respond to unusual commissions during this period of modernisation and strong growth
Cherruet, Sébastien. "Édouard Albert (1910-1968) : l'oeuvre complexe d'un architecte moderne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H041.
Full textThis thesis is a comprehensive study of Édouard Albert’s work. After graduating in architecture at the École des beaux-arts in 1937, Édouard Albert (1910-1968) became one of the champions of Modernity in France. During the Second World War, he drew up urban plans for the French Commissariat technique à la reconstruction immobilière and founded an association claiming the legacy of the medieval Compagnon workmanship tradition. During the post-war Reconstruction, he drew inspiration from the aircraft industry to design homes, while exploring also the possibilities offered by pre-stressed concrete. At the 1954 Salon des Arts ménagers, he presented the “Minimax” wooden house, echoing the research by Jean Prouvé (1901-1984) on prefabrication. After 1955, in collaboration with the young engineer Jean-Louis Sarf (1928-2004), Édouard Albert developed a concept of tubular metal frame. In 1958, he received the Grand Prix awarded by the Cercle d’études architecturales and started building the first Parisian skyscraper (completed in 1961). André Malraux supported the “synthesis of the arts” advocated by Édouard Albert through his project for the “Jean Vilar Amphitheater” (1958-1968) – a synthesis demonstrated in particular in the so-called gril of the Jussieu Campus he designed (1963- 1968). In keeping with the architectural tradition of constructive Rationalism, and building a theory of option sur le vide (“an option on space”), Édouard Albert connected the expression of structures to an aesthetics of transparency. His kinetic art finds an embodiment in the seat he developed with the Mobilier National (1967). The complexity and contradictions of his architecture truly crystallize in the artificial “metabolist” island he thought up for Monaco (1965-1968)
Tassel, Xavier. "La reconstruction de Reims après 1918 : illustration de la naissance d'un urbanisme d'état." Paris 8, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA081176.
Full textBlanc, Isabelle. "La reconstruction des bâtiments publics dans l'Aisne après la Grande Guerre." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0008.
Full textMassire, Hugo. "Pierre Dufau architecte (1908-1985) : un libéral discipliné : parcours, postures, produits." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2031.
Full textActive from the late 1930s to the 1980s, Pierre Dufau (1908-1985) is one of the leading performers in the French architecture during the ‘Trente Glorieuses’ period, due to the quantitative importance of his built production. Specialized in office buildings, public buildings and facilities, he was also involved in the field of urban planning by designing the reconstruction plan of the city of Amiens, and thirty years later by being responsible for the conception of the ‘Nouveau Créteil’ masterplan, in Paris suburbs. Pierre Dufau is relatively unnoticed in the historiography of contemporary architecture, similarly to many architects of his generation, although recipients of public work orders, and most of the time recipients of the ‘Prix de Rome’. The details of his production reveal the complexity of a professional career where, motivated by both commercial strategy and conviction, the architect ultimately converted to modernist theses after a youth marked by respect for the lessons of classicism. As a prolific writer but without being a theorist nor a teacher, Pierre Dufau strived to give through his posthumous memoirs a meaning to his professional path. In this thesis, we propose to go beyond the plastic and technical analysis of the buildings to focus on the rationality of their production cycle and the coherence of the discourse that accompanies a work essentially unnoticed in the history of art so far. We also study the temporality of Dufau's critical reception with the support of the inventory of his office’s unpublished archives, most of the time original
Harlaut, Yann. "La cathédrale de Reims : du 4 septembre 1914 au 10 juillet 1938 : idéologies, controverses et pragmatisme." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000349.pdf.
Full textThe historic buildings are carrying aesthetic values and commemorative messages which seem fixed by time. However, their primitive identity fixed in the past can be modified by the misadventures of the history. Sacrilized and become at the XIXe century national heritage, the cathedral of Rheims is bombarded by the German army of September 4, 1914 to September 17, 1918. Its fire raises the international indignation which integrates it into the inheritance of humanity. Propaganda relays this media event and converts the cathedral sacrings into cathedral martyrdom. Financed partly by international donations, the architect in chief Henri Deneux restores the most important building site of restoration of post-war period, reconciling the necessary conservation and the spirit of innovation. Ideologies, controversies and pragmatism dominate, during the war and the inter-war period, the history of this monument headlight of the Gothic architecture and the national identity. This study renews our perception of the cathedral of Rheims
Legrand, Philippe. "Histoire économique et sociale de Lorient : 1918-1940." Rennes 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN20028.
Full textThis doctoral thesis consists in two complementary works: a classical dissertation and a 40mm video film the film presents the history of Lorient from 1666 to the present time: it provides an audio visual illustration for the dissertation. The dissertation is a classical social and economic history of the town of Lorient between the two world wars and consists in 4 chapters: 1. Town planning 2. Demography 3. Economy 4. Social and political life the research work for the dissertation was essentially conducted at the departmental archives and at the chamber of commerce and industry. A privileged moment in the history of the city this period sheds light on the conditions that laid the ground for the subsequent development of the modern town of Lorient
Cappronnier, Jean-Charles. "L' agence d'architecture de Charles Duval et Emmanuel Gonse (1905-1937) et les enjeux de la première reconstruction." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS014S.
Full textThe parisian architecture office of Charles Duval (1873-1937) and Emmanuel Gonse (1880-1954), founded in 1905 by these two old boys of Pascal 's studio at the Ecole des Beaux, knew a bipartite destiny owing to the upsets engendered by the First World War. Before 1914, in accordance with many Parisian agencies, Duval and Gonse establish their patnership propsperity upon exclusively private plans born from an order about which the family or nearly family origin is a strong majority part. After 1918, the two architects, fellows of an architecture civil company, named La Cité Nouvelle, what they have themselves conduced to found, and leaning on an efficient system of local collaborators, are henceforth devoting themselves, with predominant way, to the reconstruction of devastated counties, mainly Somme country. Then they are chosen for rebuilding, on reconstruction cooperatives behalf, communal buildings in about fifteen villages of Roye's country, in adition to this small town, and the rehabilitation of many private, agricultural and industrial, buildings in the same region. They are leading otherwise, a notable part of their designing to the achievement of maternal and infantile hygiene dispensaries, deliberated by a private foundation created by Suzanne Gonse-Boas, Emmanuel Gonse's wife. This specialization attribute to Duval and Gonse, in 1928, the order of their major work, the puericulture School of Paris Medecine Faculty, which is also composing the consecration of their association. Settling the modes of change that have turned an agency originally dedicated to the Parisian property marketing in one of the most fruitful and effective offices invested on the first rehabilitation ground, seemed essential, all like the adaptation of the associates, both at an unusual diversity of designs and at the complexity of regular procedures imposing administrative exactness and working swiftness. In parallel, orders system analysis was allowing to emphasize the strong familial obedience of this agency, which the sanitary and hospital creation is the most spectacular display
Marion, Annabelle. "Étude d'une « renaissance » d'écrivain. La reconstruction de la figure d'auteur de Jean Giono après la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1945-1957)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=3675&f=43779.
Full textThis study examines the reconstruction of the author's figure of Jean Giono after the Second World War, assessing its literary and historical foundations. A famous and recognized writer since the end of the 1920s, Giono finds himself in a situation of ostracism at the end of the war: registered on the "black list" of authors accused of collaboration, out of fashion at the time of existentialism, Giono has, at the age of fifty, to start again from scratch. The ordeals of war and prison, the failure of his fight for peace and "true riches", have also strongly shaken his conceptions of literature and human nature. This crisis leads Giono to undertake a profound reinvention of his author's figure, in a quest for identity inseparable from an enterprise of reconquest. Our work questions the processes and the stakes of this reconstruction, which is carried by the writer himself, through the redefining of his work and his posture, but also by the public, witness and active subject of this "rebirth". After the war, Giono reconfigures his being-author in relation to his own pre-war authorial model, but also in relation to the new forces that then dominate the literary field: those stemming from the Resistance, which promote the model of the committed writer; those of the formalist avant-gardes, which seek to invent a "New Novel". Through the case of Giono, we thus aim to bring to light the way in which an author is made, unmade and remade, in a constant interaction with the reactions of the public and the evolutions of a literary field itself crossed by the movements of History
Vonau, Elsa. "De la cité-jardins à la ville-satellite : circulation et métamorphoses d'un modèle urbain en France et en Allemagne du début du vingtième siècle aux années 1924." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://books.openedition.org/septentrion/4030.
Full textThe research deals with the French and German reception of the garden city project which originated in England at the onset of the 20th century. It aims at elucidating the weight of forms in the development of cities – both, in regard to the elaboration of knowledge about the city and the development of urban policies – across the prism of exchanges generated by the project. In linking the perspective of transfers to that the comparison, the thesis follows the English project’s trajectory in France and Germany between the beginning of the 20th century and 1924 : the process of assimiliation of a common project is scrutinized for the nature of contacts as well as for potential coincidences in urban evolutions in the two countries which hitherto had experienced a very unlike development of urban growth, urban tissues and urbanistic knowledge
Sadigh, Kianouche. "L'architecture art déco à Reims." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010602.
Full textOn the front lines for four years under bombardments, at the end of the war, Reims is ravaged and destroyed. The reconstruction is made in a context of individual management of the allowances without the state or the local authorities intervenes in the choices of the inhabitants. This is the way the Art deco (at the same time a style and the reflection dune period) found its place in the city, in a natural way. Reims is reborn of its ashes and achieves, the first rank for the number of building permits requested in France, involving with a remodeled urban network (by a restructuring plan) its new appearance inspired by the Art deco. This style allowed to meet the needs of inhabitants bruised by the War, by the sensible conjugation of the art and of the industry. The architecture which results from this reconstruction was worth in the city the nickname of " capital of the Art deco ". The inhabitants of Reims were able to appropriate this style through a more persona! expression: the originality of the architecture Art deco lies in the fact that the ornament puts on meaning, not only he underlines the structure and is at one with the building, but according to the chosen figures and even the variety of plants, he shows himself carrier of emotion and provided with profound meanings. As an example, the pine cane, the symbol of eternity is on several of the facades of the period of the reconstruction in Reims. Although the devastation widely demonstrated the opposite, make sculpture such a symbol, it was unmistakably to deny the message of the destructions. So, these holdings endowed with a only and moving symbolism, became today an element of the Reims identity
Fryszman, Aline. "La victoire triste ? : espérances, déceptions et commémorations de la victoire dans le département du Puy-de-Dôme en sortie de guerre (1918-1924)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739078.
Full textBertoni, Angelo. "Les architectes et la naissance de l'urbanisme de Plan : pratiques locales, réseaux nationaux et transnationaux en France et Europe francophone (1880-1920)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0137.
Full textThis thesis gave the possibility to investigate the role held by architects in the city reform movement that characterized -in France and in the francophone Europe the 1880-1920 period. This fact has determined the reconstruction of the social networks that linked architects to reform elites, as well as the prosopography of a professional circle that has reacted in many different ways to the project of a radical change in the architectural intervention scale. The contribution of these professionals to the city construction conceived as a knowledge, reformation and action object has been analyzed in five big towns at the borders of francophone countries: Brussels, Lausanne, Lille, Luxembourg and Nancy. Local urban experiences, international conferences trend and debates that followed the reconstruction of the regions destroyed by the war gave the possibillty to replace the birth of town planning in a national and transnational mobility framework of actors and notions