Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reconstruction de l'État – Kosovo'
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Lemay-Hébert, Nicolas. "State-building from the outside-in : international administrations and the perils of direct governance." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0046.
Full textDirect governance by an international administration tends to create a social backlash in a state-building context. In this regard, the contemporary international administration seems directly related to the mainstream conception of the state, state collapse and state-building. The political response, namely direct governance of “collapsed states,” seems unfit to correctly address the social challenges of postwar state-building. In other words, direct governance of war-torn territories is hardly compatible with the objective of fostering and nurturing legitimacy in an externally-led state-building project. The legitimacy aspects pertaining to state-building, if initially discarded in the setting-up and exercise of the peace mission’s mandate, will find a way to reaffirm themselves throughout the mission. In Kosovo as in Timor-Leste, the UN found itself embroiled in a deep legitimacy crises. Indeed, the missions’ legitimacy quickly withered away with the actual exercise of authority by the mission. The unprecedented contestation and resistance to the UN found in Kosovo and Timor-Leste is correlated with the equally unprecedented level of authority endowed to the peace mission, which translated into direct governance of the territories. This study has demonstrated that both Kosovo and Timor-Leste represent truly unprecedented attempts of state-building, not because of their mandate, but, more importantly, because their mandate has been translated into effective authority on the ground. In this context, accountability mechanisms can be instrumental in assuring a certain degree of trust between the international presence and the local population
Sainovic, Ardijan. "Acteurs locaux et acteurs internationaux dans la construction de l’Etat. : Une approche interactionniste du cas du Kosovo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0765.
Full textHow can international actors build legitimate institutions following intra-state conflict? In other words, what factors determine the outcome of post-conflict statebuilding? On the one hand, the dominant approach, termed "technical", argues that significant resources (financial, human and political) allow international actors to build the required institutions. In Kosovo, international actors have established an international administration with executive powers, extending and sustaining resources throughout process. However, the success of statebuilding generally is mixed. On the other hand, the so-called "liberal peace" paradigm affirms that liberalization (political and economic) is a contributing factor to the limited success of post-conflict operations because it is either misapplied, illegitimate or even dangerous for societies emerging from violent conflicts. The liberal peace approach neglects these facts and ignores variations in international intentions. It is based, as is the technical approach, on an implicit (erroneous) assumption of an asymmetry in power relationships in favor of international actors. The result is that, these approaches fail to acknowledge the possibility of local actors resisting international standards and objectives.To explain variations in the success of statebuilding, we present an alternative theoretical model where a multi-level, sequential approach is modeled to a two-level game. Our thesis is as follows: variations in the statebuilding success are the function of strategic interactions, themselves determined by changes both in preferences and the power relationships between international actors and domestic political elites. Statebuilding is seen here as an interactive process, potentially linking three key actors who dominate any post-conflict political landscape. In unique conditions, no statebuilding process or international reforms need pose a threat to the political power of local elites - power derived from two pillars, i.e. nationalism and informal practices. Rather, international actors mobilise sufficient resources to induce local elites to adopt and implement the desired reforms.However, the preferences of the actors are very rarely aligned. In the case of Kosovo, it has been shown that international statebuilding has been instrumentalized and undermined by divergent and contradictory preferences among key actors. The international actors’ desire was to create a democratic and multinational state, but they opted for stability instead because they had to deal with local political elites - Kosovar-Albanian and Kosovar-Serb. The latter were concerned about maintaining their power over, and domination of, their group over others as well as maintaining leadership within their own group. This has led to a multiplication of authorities and a fragmentation of legitimacy: two distinct political and social systems persist, preventing the development of a cohesive and multinational state. While EU intervention has brought about a game change and helped to calm the situation on the ground, tensions persist, reaffirming the compromise that has taken place
Martineau, Jean-Luc. "L'Union européenne et la reconstruction post-conflit de l'Etat : contribution à la formation d'un droit international de la reconstruction de l'Etat." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20027.
Full textIn the framework of International Relations, Post Conflict Reconstruction of the State is a major and actual stake. European Union under the auspices of United Nations, supports all initiatives to restore or build a state order which give a chance for a stable peace based on human values. Nevertheless, European Union defines his interventions in function of his own interests. Post-conflicts States don’t have a right to reconstruction. A mix of european institutional actors decide and design the european response dedicated to failed Post-conflict States. This response is not isolated, she is included in a network of parternship.After a conflict, the regional organization set up a mix of legal or operational mechanisms, and military or civilian capacities. The european activism in this domain can be very strong. Sometimes, it seems as a trusteeship of EU on Post conflicts States. Consequently, European Union contributes to design and implement the international law of the State reconstruction. EU promotes norms and international standards. It initiates european norms and standards dedicated to the recovery of states. Consequently, European Union possess global capacities in the matter of post-conflict reconstruction. That is to say that Europe is proposing to rebuild the state in its three traditional components: population, territory and state apparatus
Mannani, Haroon. "La reconstruction de l'État-Nation en Afghanistan." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10063/document.
Full textMosse, M. "The journey to positive peace : grassroots peace building in Kosovo." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/802d449c-d2b2-47d9-9505-a22cae423cac/1.
Full textBuldanlioglu, Sahin Selver. "Building the State and the Nation in Kosovo and East TimorAfter Conflict." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science and Communication, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3328.
Full textYu, Lei. "Reconstruction du signal ou de l'état basé sur un espace de mesure de dimension réduite." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0546/document.
Full textThis is the era of information-explosion, billions of data are produced, collected and then stored in our daily life. The manners of collecting the data sets are various but always following the criteria { the less data while the more information. Thus the most favorite way is to directly measure the information, which, commonly, resides in a lower dimensional space than its carrier, namely, the data (signals or states). This method is thus called information measuring, and conceptually can be concluded in a framework with the following three steps: (1) modeling, to condense the information relevant to signals to a small subspace; (2) measuring, to preserve the information in lower dimensional measurement space; and (3) restoring, to reconstruct signals from the lower dimensional measurements. From this vein, the main contributions of this thesis, saying observer and model based Bayesian compressive sensing can be well uni_ed in the framework of information measuring: the main concerned problems of both applications can be decomposed into the above three aspects. In the _rst part, the problem is resided in the domain of control systems where the objective of observer design is located in the observability to determine whether the system states are recoverable and observation of the system states from the lower dimensional measurements (commonly but not restrictively). Speci_cally, we considered a class of switched systems with high switching frequency, or even with Zeno phenomenon, where the transitions of the discrete state are too high to be captured. However, the averaged value obtained through filtering the transitions can be easily sensed as the partial knowledge. Consequently, only with this partial knowledge, we discussed the observability respectively from differential geometric approach and algebraic approach and the corresponding observers are designed as well. At the second part, we switched to the topic of compressive sensing which is objected to sampling the sparse signals directly in a compressed manner, where the central fundamentals are resided in signal modeling according to available priors, constructing sensing matrix satisfying the so-called restricted isometry property and restoring the original sparse signals using sparse regularized linear inversion algorithms. Respectively, considering the properties of CS related to modeling, measuring and restoring, we propose to (1) exploit the chaotic sequences to construct the sensing matrix (or measuring operator) which is called chaotic sensing matrix, (2) further consider the sparsity model and then rebuild the signal model to consider structures underlying the sparsity patterns, and (3) propose three non-parametric algorithms through the hierarchical Bayesian method. And the experimental results prove that the chaotic sensing matrix is with the similar property to sub-Gaussian random matrix and the additional consideration on structures underlying sparsity patterns largely improves the performances of reconstruction and robustness
Tshiyembe, Mwayila. "Etat et société en Afrique : construction étatique et désintégration sociale : essai sur une théorie sociologique de fondation de l'Etat plural en Afrique noire." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN20023.
Full textThe founding theory of the plural state, an alternative model of constructing the state and civil society, is a precolonial invention of African societies embracing the specific historical and cultural experience of precolonial black Africa. Tree key postulates follow from the underlying logic of plural state theory. The first is its antinomy with the European concept of nation-state. The second resides in its irreducibility to the nation-state concept and this in spite of minor features shared with the latter here and there. The third has to do with the principal reason accounting for the failure of the different attempts to forge a nation-state in black Africa: the absence of a formal theory on the plural state and its irreducibility to the nation-state concept. Two inescapable conclusions emerge. Firstly, the nation-state solution, in addition to not being a universal panacea, leads to a head end in black Africa. Secondly, for the challenge of democratic change in black Africa to have a collective and popular meaning, it must propose a global project aimed at reinventing and reviving the ditunga which is an embodiment of the values and principles of the precolonial African model of the plural state
Bach, Jean-Nicolas. "Centre, périphérie, conflit et formation de l'État depuis Ménélik II : les crises de et dans l'État éthiopien." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878699.
Full textBlais, Anthony. "Dynamique du développement local et forces exogènes dans les territoires en reconstruction : évaluation des effets de l'action internationale au Kosovo." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010032.
Full textEl, Mufti Karim. "Reconstruction d'État dans les sociétés multicommunautaires, analyse comparative entre le Liban et la Bosnie-Herzégovine." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010264.
Full textJalloh, Mohamed. "Effondrement et reconstruction de l'Etat : les continuités de la formation de l'Etat sierra léonais." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878694.
Full textZanoletti, Giovanni. "Le "djihad de la vache" : pastoralisme et formation de l'État au Mali." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100092.
Full textWhy choose the “cow” to guide the analysis of State formation in Mali? The pastoralism angle allows for the analysis of State formation based on the combination of two repertoires, ontologi-cal security and development economics, and their respective temporalities: the temporality of adaptation – where historic institutions based on roaming and relations between terroirs and individuals both take priority – and the temporality of a “bureaucratic” way of life, where antici-pation and predictability take priority. For instance, depending on the situations, the cow can be a store of economic value, a government tool, and sometimes even both at the same time. The meaning that Malian society gives to these ways of life today seems to be shaped by both reper-toires at the same time. The “jihad of the cow” is a perfect illustration: faced with the disruptions caused by the building of a nation state, the relations of production in the pastoral environment are becoming predictable through the systematization of “entrustment” – a historic institution that consists in entrusting cattle to shepherds according to complex and unstable alliance logics among terroirs. This systematization is not carried out through a state bureaucracy, but rather through a bureaucracy that is embodied by the jihadist “lifestyles”. Through the analysis of the “cow”, this thesis suggests that “jihad” is not opposed to the State, but rather is a modality of its formation, as “distorted” as it may be: it meets people’s “ontological” security demands, but it mostly does it by matching the “predictability” of the lifestyles and the salvation of the soul
Derdaele, Elodie. "La construction constitutionnelle de la nation et de l'Etat en Afrique du Sud : l'unité dans la diversité." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20016.
Full textSince 1994, South Africa has created a new constitutional order to put a definitive end to apartheid. From now on, the constitutional ideal rests on the concept of unity in diversity, explicitly legally established in the preamble of the final constitution. Equality, nondiscrimination, the universality of citizenship, and the rights and freedoms (generally admitted in liberal democracies) are also legally established, making the principle of equality one of the cornerstones of the constitution. Now the idea of equality as well as the principle of national reconciliation goes hand in hand with the attempt of establishing and promoting national unity. The state, although decentralized, also is seeing its preeminence assured from the moment that the national interest justifies it. This will mean creating a new state nation. However, because of their cultural diversity, the South Africans can't accept unification if they must lose their separate identities. The communities’ demands have driven the government to take the multicultural character on the society into consideration. The republic of South Africa is officially multilingual. It recognizes the authority of the African Negro traditional chiefs, the customs and the rites practiced in the country, and the right to practice, individually or collectively, the culture, language and religion of one's choice. Moreover, whether on the cultural or political plan, the cultural communities don't benefit from a status of public law. They are not politically represented in this way, and can either inhibit the freedom of their members or discriminate against them. Cultural rights are thus recognized so the individual is able to express his or her identity. Therefore the state has for its mission statement to promote the unity and the diversity of this heterogeneous and multicultural society, for which unity cannot be realized without the acceptance of the diversity of the social body, which rests on the implicit recognition of all the cu
Leclerc, Matthieu. "La structure juridique du système interétatique à la lumière de la reconstruction de l’Etat afghan (2001-2007)." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN0083.
Full textRafaralahy, Hugues. "Modélisation d'un processus thermique et reconstruction de l'état et des défauts pour une classe de systèmes à paramètres distribués de type parabolique." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10223.
Full textGagnon, Sandra. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa souche LESB58 : Étude préliminaire pour la reconstruction métabolique in silico et analyse de la distribution de flux métaboliques à l'état stationnaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28835/28835.pdf.
Full textTordet, Paulin Gervais. "Les militaires et la reconstruction de l'état en Afrique subsaharienne : les cas de la République Centrafricaine et de la République du Congo Brazzaville." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10063.
Full textAt the end years 1980, Africa rediscovers virtues of the pluralism and the democracy after several past decades under the authoritative regime governance held and sustained by armies. But this democratic resurgence has, paradoxically, coincided with a new phase of military interventionism contrasting thus with will expressed of peoples to make the democracy, hence of elections, the only fashions of political recognition. Leaving from this report, this thesis intends to describe and to analyse, has light of process of democratization of the year 1990 beginning, difficulties of anchorage of the democracy in sub-Saharan Africa trough insufficiencies in the military question treatment during phases of regimes' transition. It enrols otherwise, in a reformist and adaptative perspective at a time of eradication of armies of the exclusive tutelage of the political authorities and adjustment of values, rules and the military practices to the new democratic deal that seems irreversible on the under black continent
Straková, Zlata. "Trvale udržitelný rozvoj a postkonfliktní rekonstrukce. Případová studie: válka v Kosovu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264217.
Full textDiawara, Boubacar. "Territorialisation des politiques publiques et reconstruction de l'Etat au Mali en termes de gouvernance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0050/document.
Full textWhile in France, the desire to take better account of the variability and multiplicity of local situations has led to the development of contractual programmes between the State and local authorities, in fields as varied as education, social action, housing, integration, health and safety. In African countries, where everything has to be redone, it is the administrative and political status quo. Public policies are decided and implemented by the central state. The decentralization policy was initiated in the 1990s following the emergence of democracy in most African countries.In Mali, the first decentralization laws were adopted in 1993. Faced with territorial imbalances that penalize their growth regime and thus job creation, African countries are nowadays gradually being led to change their modes of governance. The current model of territorial organization and centralized spatial planning seems not only ineffective but also inadequate to economic and social realities. The central state alone is unable to ensure a better territorial balance, to regulate urban growth, to lead and promote strategic approaches to combat the territorial divide. The territorialisation of public policies necessarily requires a courageous decentralisation policy aimed at giving local territorial levels extensive powers to plan and develop their territory.After 20 years of decentralization in Mali, a thorough reform is essential. A reform that would put local and regional authorities at the heart of development policies and the fight against territorial imbalances. Local and regional authorities with extensive powers must be able to make public action closer and more effective while adapting it to the diversity of territories. But these local strategic approaches will only be credible and effective, in the context of these countries, if they are promoted, supported and supervised by the national level while involving local public decision-makers. The whole issue of integrated territorial policies based and built on the dynamics of local actors in a multi-level governance system is at stake here
Le, Boeuf David. "Reconstruction de la surface de Fermi dans l'état normal d'un supraconducteur à haute T[indice inférieur c] une étude du transport électrique en champ magnétique intense." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5120.
Full textBlumenthal, Edward. "Exils et constructions nationales en Amérique du sud : proscrits argentins et chiliens au XIXe siècle." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070085.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the role of exile in nation building in Argentina and Chile (1810-1860). Analyzing the correspondence and other writings of mid-century romantic intellectuals as a corpus produced in, and shaped by, exile, it looks at the production, circulation and reception of these texts, and the effects this circulation had on the development of nation building projects in both countries. It also examines the circulation of the exiles themselves in the region and shows how exiles used cross-border networks, based on commercial and family networks that pre-dated independence, to find employment and fight for change at home, as well as working in professions associated with the articulation of nation-building projects. Participation in the host countries' public sphere profoundly shaped both the exiles' political projects as well as debates in the host countries themselves. Argentinians in Chile found a model of stability and ordered progress, which tempered their liberal romanticism, but also affected on political conflict in Chile. Chileans in the Rio de la Plata brought with them a series a representations of exile, developed by Argentinian exiles, which would shape both their view of Chile and their participation in the conflicts between Buenos Aires and the Confederation. Furthermore, the effects of the encounter between Chilean and Argentinian exiles had repercussions in the founding texts, debates and historiography of both countries. Indeed, in part because of exile, the mid-century liberal nation-building projects of both countries were profoundly intertwined
Deléglise, Samuel. "Reconstruction complète d'états non-classiques du champ en électrodynamique quantique en cavité." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00477136.
Full textSidibe, Mariame. "Une approche sociopolitique de la question des réfugiés dans la crise de l'Etat au Mali : Cas des réfugiés maliens de la région de Tillabéri au Niger." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0078/document.
Full textIn 2012, Mali experienced a conflict that was unprecedented even in a string of rebellious movements by the Touareg population since the country’s independence. The ensuing crisis has not yet been resolved. The reconstruction of the state and the return of the displaced and refugee populations of Mali are at the heart of the post-conflict problem. These two issues are related and have affected each other for a long time. The failure and weakness of the Malian state, which was not considered fragile before 2012, is one of the causes of forced migration of northern populations. The crisis since 2012 can be interpreted as the crisis of the Malian state: a crisis of legitimacy, effectiveness, and efficiency. By studying the trajectory of Malian refugees in the camps of Abala and Tabarey-barey in Niger; by decrypting the conditions laid down for their return, we can draw "in hollow" a "need of State" material and symbolic, expressed more or less consciously by the refugees. However, the process of reconstruction of the Malian state, conditioned by the temporality and modalities of the exit from the conflict, shaped by the internal and external power relations, sketches a completely different state reality
Bouvignies, Isabelle. "Éléments pour la reconstruction de la genèse de l'État de droit constitutionnel démocratique des guerres d'Italie (1494-1559) aux guerres de religion (1559-1589) : Machiavel, Bodin et la réforme française." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040222.
Full textMachiavelian political thought emerged on the foreground of an obliteration of the religious conception of the world, among the disorders created by the wars of Italy. In France, Bodin thought, on the contrary, as wars of religion between Catholics and Protestants were at their most, was claiming that the “royal monarchy” was the only solution to avoid religious division — his proposition of a royal State is usually considered as a prefiguration of modern State. The rule of law appears actually as a legal structure for State. In fact, the concept of absolute sovereignty is the core of Bodin’s theological and political thought. The bodinian State is not founded on constitutional and democratic premises, but on a domestication of violence. After 1572, in the kingdom of France, immediate disciples of Calvin: Bèze, Duplessis-Mornay and Hotman, reacted to the royal violence. Their convictions were also religious, but founded on another conception of the relation between politics and religion. In some way, we can say that the modern State was born from this tension between absolute sovereignty — which is a conception of law — and a new conception of religion, inclining to autonomy, through the claim for individuals to practise their religion freely, and even under a State as warrant — which is another conception of law, and of the rule of law
Keita, Mohamed Ousmane. "Recherche sur la transition politique et économique au Mali : l'État inachevé." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0107.
Full textThis thesis is both critical and pragmatic. A criticism of Mali’s recent history read in the light of the tools provided by the legal analysis, sociology and anthropology of law. This critical intent led to examine the history of Mali’s origins in a genetic perspective that has been detailed in the prolegomena. Pragmatic, the thesis puts forward proposals related to the concrete situation of Mali, along the lines of a deregulation of consciences and the re-introduction of constitutive standards into the Malian Republic. The language analysis proved valuable in meeting these two requirements. They also enabled to identify some shortcomings in legal dogma generally more anxious to graft prefabricated concepts onto African realities, rather than capture these realities with their nuances as close as possible. It therefore seemed appropriate to analyze the strategies of ordinary actors of the Malian political society. The consideration of the concepts handled by these latter accounts for the use of indigenous languages. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of Mali’s chaotic development in the aftermath of the relinquishment of the fathers’ project of independence under the double pressure of economic constraints and cultural determinants. The second part draws the relevant consequences from the point of view of constitutional theory. Thus, the thesis concludes with the proposal for reform of the system of African Unity based, upon as all the above, Bambara language’s saying : “Sleeping on the mat of others is like sleeping on the floor
Papazian, Taline. "Dynamique de conflit dans la construction d’un État contemporain : le cas de la République d’Arménie et de la question du Haut-Karabakh." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0007.
Full textThe dissertation argues that the Karabakh conflict, a political and military conflict that has, since 1988, opposed three entities in the ex-USSR –the autonomous region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the two Union republics of Azerbaijan and Armenia- is a major factor in the building of the Armenian state. This research will seek to demonstrate that a specific type of political-military conflict plays a dynamic role in a contemporary endeavour of statehood building. On the one hand, as part of the national question, the Karabakh conflict has been the driving force of a state-centered political thinking and acting. On the other, as a military conflict, it led the crafting of such state institutions as were needed to ensure state security. Compared to national liberation wars leading to creation of states on a national basis, the relationship between the Karabakh conflict and the contemporary Armenian state is different: the conflict has not created the state; rather it has consolidated it in specific, conflict-induced ways. Since the first experience of a modern Armenian state in 1918 to the contemporary one, the Karabakh conflict is both a major determinant in state-building and a symptom of the state’s place in Armenian nationalism. The relationship between the Karabakh conflict and the Armenian state is interpreted along three dimensions: definition of a nation’s political status; creation of an apparatus ensuring national security; and mode of exercise of political power. This is done analytically for the period 1988-1999, 1999 being a rupture year, and synthetically for the period afterwards, from 1999 to 2008
Salcedo, Cécile. "La transition démocratique sud-africaine : essai sur l'émergence d'un droit public de la reconstruction de l'Etat." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32050.
Full textIn 1994, South Africa knew its first democratic elections. Sixteen years later, and four general elections, the country seems to have made a success of its bet of a democratic South Africa. The strong tensions which remained at the end of the apartheid regime let not at all augur a democratic and peaceful transition. The will of the negotiating parties to reach an optimal compromise and confidence in the rule of law guided the country in its choices. South Africa chose to supervise the slightest details of its transformation by the law. The Republic of South Africa demonstrated the importance that the law can take on the reconstruction of the State, by appealing to characteristic elements of the democratic transitions, such as constitutionalism, more specific instruments, such as a Truth Commission and egalitarian policies. This last one is mainly registered in two constitutions, "temporary" and "definitive". These not only allowed the passage of the apartheid regime towards a democratic one, but they also registered the bases of a new transitional justice, through a Truth and reconciliation commission of a new kind. They also began a reparation policy, with egalitarian aims, and registered in a global project of State building. Choices made by South Africa in transition and in State building can be source of inspiration for number of States in transition
Chapuis, Julie. "Reconstruire le Sud du Liban, se reconstruire au Liban : les résistances du Hezbollah." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0140.
Full textThis thesis endeavors to study the domination system of Hezbollah in its relation to the Lebanese state and society; by analyzing the participation of Hezbollah in reconstruction initiatives in Lebanon since the civil war. Reconstruction, in that it is both an allocation resource and a source of authority, requires the interventior of all or some of the resistance fields (muqâwama, mumâna'a, sumûd) constituting the Hezbollah system, and that of all or some of the different spheres of power (military, political and social) in which it can be objectivated, depending on the time and the scale of study. By examining those interactions between the different fields, the spheres of power and the people and groups involved, and considering the « specialized communities syndrom » put forth by Ahmad Beydoun, to describe the community-based repartition of state prerogatives such as "national sovereignty", "liberation" or "reconstruction", this thesis will show if and how the Hezbollah has altered such a systematic repartition of power, starting from South-Lebanon where the use of three powers is especially in demand
N'Gabou, Gabou Kilolo Stanislas. "Identité culturelle et construction nationale au Congo ou problématique culture et personnalité congolaises dans la construction nationale au Congo." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100068.
Full textSabes, David. "Reconstruction des électrons et recherche de couplages anormaux dans le canal pp->ZZ->4l avec le détecteur CMS auprès du LHC." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00764836.
Full textDegeorges, Damien. "Le rôle du Groënland dans les enjeux de l'Arctique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D014.
Full textThe strengthened interest for the Arctic region, due to the consequences of climate change, coincides with the emergence of Greenland on the Arctic and international scenes. At the intersection of American and European interests in the region, Greenland, a self-ruled territory four times the size of France and inhabited by about 57,000 persons, forms part of a specific debate which is of an evolutionary nature and goes beyond the regional context. Stronger autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark is bringing Greenland closer to possible independence, generating growing interest amongst the international community. Greenland, due to its huge icecap, its natural resources, particularly an enormous potential in Rare Earth Elements, and a location at the centre of the Arctic, new frontier of international relations, assumes a strategic dimension. The territory appears as a key issue for developments in the Arctic region and for global challenges such as adaptation to climate change and energy security in the context of an economy expected to become lowcarbon. Greenland’s state-building, between the desire for independence soon and a pragmatic approach, appears as a central issue to define the role of Greenland in the Arctic. Particularly given the territory’s strategic resources, Greenland’s state-building process may become a major security issue if it goes too fast. In case of economic difficulties, assistance to a Greenlandic state from a state willing to position or strengthen its presence in the region may have consequences for developments in the Arctic and global energy security
Ali, Nasser. "Civil society and State-Building in Palestine : past trends, current dilemmas, and future challenges faced by NGOs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1122/document.
Full textThe richness of the contribution of CS and NGOs to Palestine on its history, their contribution to state-building efforts and the provision of social services among other things, and the search of an alternative solution to the flawed two-state solution to the conflict – governed the choice of the topic of my dissertation “CS & State-Building: Past Trends, Current Dilemmas and Future Challenges Faced by NGOs”.As a theoretical concept, state-building has gained prominence during the past decades with the growing number of conflict-affected societies. Yet, the focus of our dissertation was not so much on abstract theories of state-building as on its history and practicality in conjunction and/or in intersection with the evolution of CS & NGOs. The perspective on state-building as promoted by the OECD entitled “Concepts and Dilemmas of State-Building in Fragile Situations” impregnates both the rationale and the methodology of our research
Hoop, Scheffer Alexandra de. "La pratique américaine du "regime change" en Irak : une analyse critique de l'intervention militaire comme vecteur de socialisation politique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0065.
Full textThe aim of our research is to analyse the US strategy of political socialization in Iraq, in both its historical and contemporary contexts (post-cold war and post-September 11) and as the guiding principle of US foreign policy towards states considered deviant. The concept of "socialization" applied to international relations, is discussed and analysed. By intervening in Iraq to change its political regime, the US and its allies have propelled the political transition as the main driver of the post-regime change phase. The political transition guides and shapes every aspect of the post-intervention period. The US action automatically becomes a process of assistance and attempts to shape the political process. A significant part of our work deals with the modalities and the consequences of the US interference in the Iraqi political transition process, especially in inducing strategies of autonomization and mutual dependency. We analyse the interaction between the Iraqi political transition and the US agenda of reformes. A pacific transition is key to establishing a political arrangement between different players, in order to avoid exclusion, which in turn, nurtures violence. However, the external pressure to hasten the process of "reconciliation", the support to local actors in order to preserve fragile and short term security gains, the scope of the reforms engaged, the political compromises that dominate the reconstruction process, are sources of pressure among society and nex elites, which pursue their personal interests over the common interest. Instead of uniting, change is a factor of split. The balance of power is the engine of change
Okila, Vinc Denalet. "La reconstruction économique des territoires ravagés par des conflits armés au regard de la Charte des Nations Unies." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD068/document.
Full textRésumé non communiqué
Malejacq, Romain. "Neo-chiefs in the international State system : power strategies and authority in Afghanistan (1992 to the present)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0012.
Full textThis is a study of the bases of power and influence of what are commonly known in Afghanistan as warlords—leaders whose legitimacy is based on the power to make war effectively, who have established a political organization within the confines of a state’s recognized boundaries, and obey no higher authority than themselves. They are neo-chiefs, astute political entrepreneurs who play critical roles in people’s access to the political arena and economic opportunities. They act at various times as the principal suppliers of governance to people in areas where they wield influence. Their political strategies extend beyond these territorial and community realms to include interactions with the state and international actors. In this work, I identify the limits of the existing literature in fully acknowledging the international dimension of state-building, the role of sub-state actors in state formation processes, and the possibility that these actors operate in the international system. I show throughout this work that neo-chiefs have the ability to conduct international relations and can either benefit from or manipulate these relationships, which gives them the ability to reinvent themselves through crafting new bases for their authority once they lose control over their territories. When a stronger state asserts authority, warlords have to learn how to live with(in) that state and change the nature of their authority. They thus become dormant warlords
Schlimmer, Sina. "Construire l’État par les politiques foncières : La négociation des transactions foncières en Tanzanie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0736/document.
Full textRecent land deals with foreign companies, often referred to as “land grabs”, are considered to be a central development issue in many African countries. Since the late 2000s, the mediagenic question of “land grabbing” has stimulated political debates and has led to a prolific and pluridisciplinary literature. This thesis aims to contribute to the existing research by approaching land deals as a heuristic research object in political science. More precisely, we argue that land investment projects challenge the relationship between state, power and territory. Much of the literature on “land grabbing” tends to overlook the multiple expressions of the state in the different processes of land commodification. However, by using Tanzania as a case study, we demonstrate that land deals and state-building processes are mutually dependent. Our empirical analysis of the Tanzanian land investment policies and of three specific transactions with foreign companies, proves that the commodification of land rights is strictly linked to historical state formation. On the one hand, policies of land deals are constantly regulated, negotiated and (re)oriented by state actors. On the other hand, public policies shape the continuous formation of the Tanzanian state. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to renew the research on land, state-building and public policy analysis
López, Elvira. "Le processus de construction de l'Etat au Chili : une étude à travers l'organisation des finances publiques et de la bureaucratie (1817-1860)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0072.
Full textLa tesis aborda el proceso de construcción estatal en Chile durante los años 1817-1860, a partir del estudio de la organización de la hacienda pública y la formación de un cuerpo burocrático. El análisis de las finanzas y de la creacion de una burocracia estatal permite observar las transformaciones, los cambios y continuidades que supone la ruptura dei pacto colonial. La formacion y afianzamiento dei Estado están lejos de caracterizarse por una evolución clara y lineal; este es un proceso complejo, que presenta avances y retrocesos, y una negociación constante entre aquello que se hereda y lo que se busca construir. En el caso chileno, esta dicotomia entre el apego a la tradición y a lo moderno estuvo muy marcada por los vaivenes de la guerra; y si el resultado fue el afianzamiento de un modelo republicano de raigambre liberal y de una economia orientada al comercio exterior, ello tuvo mucho de coyuntural y de pragmático. El estudio de la organización de la hacienda pública muestra que la creación de una estructura e institucionalidad ecónmica. Representa el principal desafio del proceso de construcción estatal tras la independencia, pues sólo en la medida que se cu enta con recursos se puede hacer la guerra y defender una entidad politica independiente. A lo largo del trabajo se cuestiona también la "excepcionalidad" dei modelo estatal chileno, apuntando a las bases de la exitosa y temprana instauración de un modelo politico-económico centralista que perdurará en el tiempo. En suma, la tesis se pregunta sobre el : proceso de formación estatal, des de una mirada que engloba el discurso oficial y juridico, y la realidad local y particular de los sujetos que vivieron dicho proceso
Torabi, Yama. "State-, nation- et peace-building comme processus de transactions : l'interaction des intervenants et des acteurs locaux sur le théâtre de l'intervention en Afghanistan, 2001-08." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0027.
Full textContemporary state-, nation- and peace-building are externally-led enterprises initiated by international and regional interveners. From Hobbes to Weber, political science has conceived the State, social contract and peace as chiefly endogenous processes, portraying the limited success of such externally-led enterprises. Yet, any intervention consists of both an intervening element and a local element. The exchange between local actors and interveners is inevitably at the basis of this venture. Even better, the political utility of the exchange allows for the constitution and mobilization of multiple identities: such as yesterday’s belligerents, today’s liberal peace-builders, allies of the war on terror, geostrategic allies of regional states, representatives of ethnic groups, state-builders etc. Calling for ‘local consent’, the ‘light footprint’ of the intervening authority promoted by Brahimi in Afghanistan contributed to the entry of multiple local identities in the intervention arena, without being the unique steer for such a process. Other interveners and intervention repertoires have mobilized local contributions of this nature. If this process paves the way for multiple social transactions between interveners and local actors, the constituted affinities and the selectivity of relationships do not necessary lead to the reinforcement of a social contract, the consolidation of a state and the establishment of a sustainable peace. To the opposite, such relationships exacerbates the logics of communautarian tensions, distorsion of social contract, political clientelism and a transformation of war making it hard to win through international processes
Usseglio-Viretta, François. "Optimisation des performances et de la robustesse d’un électrolyseur à hautes températures." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI036/document.
Full textThe thermal, electrochemical and mechanical response of a high temperature steam electrolyzer (HTSE) has been analyzed in this work. To this end, a multi-physics and multi-scale modelling approach has been employed: • A local model, at the microstructure scale of the electrodes, has been used to analyze the apparent electrochemical behavior of the electrodes related to the studied electrolysis cell. System operation, in a stack of several cells, has been then analyzed using a thermoelectrochemical model at the macroscopic scale of the HTSE. An element of experimental validation of the model comes with the results. • A thermomechanical model for the calculation of the stress state of the HTSE has been developed. In this model, the intrinsic physical phenomena of the cell, of its operation under current at high temperatures and those ascribable to the mechanical interactions between the cell and its environment have been considered. The unknown data required for the models have been obtained by the characterization and homogenization calculations of the three-dimensional microstructure of the electrodes. Besides, the viscoplastic behavior of the cathode material has been determined by a four-point bending creep test. The study made it possible to define an optimal operating zone, ensuring both high electrochemical performances and acceptable temperature levels. Proposals aiming to reduce the mechanical damage of the system have been also produced
Habiyambere, Gaspard. "Rwanda : les influences extérieures dans la politisation, la radicalisation et la reconstruction d'une société ethnopolitiquement conflictuelle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA019.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis in political science is to pinpoint, based on the political history of Rwanda and its external influences or relations at african and international level (particularly with Burundi, the DR of Congo, Uganda, Germany, Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, the UN, the EU and the AU), the causes of the collapse of the Rwandan state (during the 1994 genocide) and the potential solutions that could help to rebuild and/or reform it. This could also serve as an example to other countries (particularly those in Africa, Asia and Latin America), which use the ethno-racial and/or regional affiliation of the population, the mobilization of people based on their real or supposed identities, the politicization of races or differences, racialization of politics, political cronyism or quite simply the “negative ways” of ethnopolitics as an intellectual basis or ideological label of power. A sustainable response to the bloody conflicts and endless political crises afflicting Rwanda and Burundi could be a political project rather than an ethno-racial one (based more on peace, democracy and human development), geographical separation in the style of "Hutuland" and "Tutsiland" “by peaceful means and through agreement” (according to the 1975 Helsinki Accords of the OSCE in the extension of the UN Charter on the right of peoples to self-determination in 1945, Art.1 and 1966, Art.1) in the setting of the former Ruanda-Urundi, but each with a separate community and regional integration in a manner similar to that of the European Union, while respecting international law
Sabitov, Richat. "Le fédéralisme russe contemporain et la République du Tatarstan." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010313.
Full textBach, Jean-Nicolas. "Centre, périphérie, conflit et formation de l’État depuis Ménélik II : les crises de et dans l’État éthiopien." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40059/document.
Full textThis work deals with contemporary Ethiopian armed conflicts (nature and forms) out of areflexion on the state trajectory. The Ethiopian state is to be studied in the continuity ofthe empire built by Menelik II at the end of the XIXth century, whose borders haveremained almost unchanged since then (except the Eritrean independence in 1993). Theparticular perception of the Ethiopian political space studied in terms of “centre” and“periphery” is also embedded in this imperial period. A perception which remainscharacteristic of Ethiopian studies, considering the Ethiopian armed conflicts as opposinga “centre” (considered synonymous with “modern state”) to its “peripheries” inheritedfrom the imperial conquests (seen as “traditional societies”). The thesis is thus built outof these three following themes which represent the core of the reflexion: the Ethiopianempire- and state formation, armed conflicts, and the centre-periphery relation. In fact,the centre-periphery relation has been determinant in the theories dealing with empiresandstate-formation. Here, I aim at redefining the relationship between state-formationand the centre-periphery theories by using the notions of “central political sector” and“peripheral political sector” (Coulon 1972). The State shall then be considered as ahistorical process produced by the formation (formal, symbolical, and cognitive) of thesesectors. The sectors are dependent of each other and their characteristics derive fromconstant economic, social and political reconfigurations. They shall be considered in asame whole which produces the Ethiopian state and its identity, its nation.The thesis analyses the relationship between the formation of these two political sectorsand armed conflicts in order to rethink the dominant view considering conflicts as acentre conflicting against its peripheries. Illustrated by the study of three regions (whichhave been experiencing armed conflicts since the imperial period, i.e. Eritrea, Gambellaand Afar), and focusing on their constant and changing relations (formal or perceived)with the Ethiopian state, this work confirms the existence of three main conflict trends(interdependent and sometimes cumulative): the conflict between the two sectors, theconflict within the central sector, and the conflict within the peripheral sector. Finally, Iargue that the current Ethiopian conflicts derive from a dual state crisis: a crisis “of” theEthiopian state (the radical refusal of the state), and a crisis “within” the Ethiopian state(refusal of the regime or the government, but not the State itself). This dual crisisinherited from the imperial period took form during the second reign of Haile Selassie(1941-1974). The roots of contemporary armed conflicts in Ethiopia have to be situated insuch a crisis, and their continuation in its resilience
Camacho, Arango Carlos Humberto. "Le Conflit de Leticia (1932-1933) et les armées du Pérou et de la Colombie : histoire-récit, histoire comparée, histoire croisée." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010514.
Full textShoval, Ronen. "La sainteté collective dans la politique biblique : aux sources de la théologie politique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100060.
Full textThis research has examined the function of the concept of Holiness in biblical political theology, by using methodology from the fields of sociology (in its broadest sense) to study politics. The topic of this research is not the activity of God, but rather the activity of human beings in their relationship with the Divine. The research revealed that the concept of Holiness (in the thoughts of: Durkheim, Otto, Eliade, James, Underhill, Zehner, Comstock, Berger) does not fully explain Holiness is it appears in the Bible. These thinkers and authors share common assumptions that divided the Holy from the secular, and then posit that the Holy seeks to influence the secular, and the Gospel aims to bring the Holy toward the secular. However, as pointed out by Dan, their formulations do not reflect clearly the biblical thought because, in the Bible, reality does not split into two sections: Holy and secular. The concept of Holiness in the Bible, as this research has shown, emerges from the notion of covenant—i.e., reflecting a promised relationship between the transcendental and the immanent, stimulating the political realm, and animating a demand from "Am Israel" to establish theocentric history that consecrates the public space. This Holiness expects and demands intensive work by the individual as well as the collective to advance the understanding and practice of morals to the standards of the Holy. The biblical concept of Holiness includes a series of philosophical assumptions regarding the relationship between matter and spirit and the role of human free choice, but it is not purposed toward individual aims; rather, it establishes as the purpose of existence the creation of collective Holiness; first, nationally, and ultimately, universally. This paper contributes to the understanding of biblical political philosophy, and to a better grasp of the concept of collective Holiness, its place and its implications upon rituals, institutions and the Constitution. The research also contributes to the understanding of the concept of Holiness by examining the use of the term in the Bible, and pointing out that Impurity is the opposing term to both Purity and Holiness, and that all three of these terms have meaning separate and apart from what is considered to be within the concept of secular
Tawa, Netton Prince. "Les stratégies des anciennes puissances coloniales dans la résolution des conflits armés internes en Afrique après 1994 : Sierra Leone et Côte d’Ivoire." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020048.
Full textHe failure of the United Nations Restore Hope operation in Somalia under the leadership of the United States of America and the 1994 Rwandan genocide altered the Western world's relationship to internal armed conflict in Africa. From an initial desire to strengthen the capacity of African actors to manage conflicts within African states, the Western world adopted a position of disengagement from internal conflict in Africa. The United States’ Presidential Decision Directive 25 of May 3, 1994 and the recommendation of the Belgian Senate of January 28, 1998 are particularly significant in terms of changing the Western world’s attitude in favor of Africa in conflict. However, and "going against the current," the United Kingdom on the one hand and France on the other hand have decided to shoulder their share of historical responsibility in the fate of their former colonies in Africa. For these two former colonial powers, the internal difficulties facing the post-Cold War African states were real challenges which these states needed assistance in dealing with. This commitment on both sides of the Channel helped to stabilize and restore peace in two African states in the Rwandan post-genocide era, namely Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast. How did the United Kingdom and France manage to stabilize Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast and extricate them from seemingly intractable conflicts, given the depth of the differences between the actors? What strategic adjustments did the United Kingdom and France make in their interventionist policies in the context of the resolution of internal armed conflicts in Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast, and what actions did they take to achieve success in both these countries? Through a review of the literature as well as through interviews of diplomats, politicians, military leaders and other actors, this thesis demonstrates how, through a synergy of well-coordinated actions, the United Kingdom and France brought peace and tranquility to Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast. Having done so, these two middle-ranking powers, permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, gave Africa and the world reason to believe in international interventions
L'Hôte, Philippe. "Le politique est-il soluble dans la "bonne gouvernance"? : interactions entre partenaires techniques et financiers (PTF) et élites nationales dans la décentralisation au Niger." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0139.
Full textThe difficulties met by the settling of decentralization in Niger are often attributable to the fact that the reform would have been imposed by financial backers. Yet, the analysis of the speech and implementations on the field by Technical and Financial Partners (TFP) tend to demonstrate that we are dealing with the result of "entrapping interactions" among the actors. At first, TFP opted for an approach which was solely "technique-based" corresponding to a "good governance" logical process. They gradually integrated a more political dimension through the concept of "democratic governance". By doing so, they interfere with internal policies issues proper to the Nigerien society that they do not master totally. First, decentralization has strong implications as regards democratization. On that matter, TFP foster the emergence of new actors: civil society, "social subordinates". But they are faced wi. Th the predominance of patriarchal and aristocratic structures they have to cope with. On a different level, the decentralization reform is partly linked to the 1990's Tuareg rebellion that brought out with sharpness the issue of the national identity in Niger. Nigerien authorities do care in their policies about the notion of a "Nigerien Nation" but in reality we can not help noticing that identity references remain prevalent in everyday life. TFP, on the other hand, tend to think in terms of a Nation State but on the field, their interventions are identifiable by a communitarian approach. In the wake of these ambiguities, the question about the terms of "State building" needs to be raised
Gatti, Luigi. "Idéologie et déconstruction de l'Etat : La Yougoslavie communiste : 1941-1991." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0790/document.
Full textIn the scientific literature, ideology is traditionally studied in relation to the structuration of a group, a society, or a regime. This thesis aims to explain how an ideology, here dedicated to the building of an independent communist Yugoslavia, was on the contrary responsible for the breakdown of the regime and for the dislocation of the Yugoslav federation. A detailed study of the doctrine and political practice derived from the Yugoslavist ideology highlights the contradictions that were to lead to the failure of the Yugoslav model. To reconsider the autonomy of the political actors and their ideas enables to make fully intelligible the stalemate of the yugoslav model
Diatta, Mohamed Mamadou. "Statebuilding in the Central African Republic : the preeminence of the Economic Community of Central African States in the ‘transition’ process between 2012-2016." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0003.
Full textSince its independence in 1960, the Central African Republic (CAR) has oscillated between turmoil and moments of relative stability, notably under the military regimes of Jean-Bedel Bokassa and André Kolingba. The country’s quasi chronic political instability since the end of the 1980s, has led to successive international responses in the form of peace missions starting in 1997 and ultimately aimed at statebuilding as a solution to the CAR’s crisis of the political. The outbreak of an armed conflict at the end of 2012 led by the Seleka rebellion, however, underlines the weakness of this international enterprise, which ignores the internal political and social dynamics of ‘recipient’ societies. This violent resumption of hostilities in the CAR also brings to the fore the question of the rigidity of the concept of the state and its universal relevance, as limits of international statebuilding policies. The multitude of local and international actors operating in the CAR is indicative of the complexity of this conflict and renders the possibility of a lasting solution difficult. The primary role of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) in the statebuilding in CAR between 2012 and 2016 is a manifestation of the struggle for influence that this regional actor - in this case its member states - won. The ‘victory’ of ECCAS was gained at the expense of an objective and viable solution to the Central African question, ‘for the benefit’ of states such as Chad and France, and individuals such as Idriss Deby and Denis Sassou Nguesso. The success of this ‘diplomacy of conspiracy’ is illustrative of power dynamics and power struggle and the convergence of political regimes in the subregion, as well as the very paradoxical relationship that France has with its former colonies
Laacher, Anaïs. "Afficher sa souveraineté : entente, malentendu et rupture : le Tchad face à la mission de sécurisation de l'ONU (MINURCAT)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0058.
Full textFragile state, Chad, which level of development is among the world’s lowest, could be defined in Helman and Ratner’s words as " simply unable to work as independent entity ", as described in their article Failed States published in 1994. Than why did he asked for the withdrawal of the MINURCAT, the European and UN military mission, deployed in 2008? We acknowledge that the negative impact of the relation between these two actors, shown in the exclusion of the MINURCAT, can be explained studying the nature of the “encountering spheres” and their effects, both direct and indirect on Chad. Indeed, this thesis emphasizes on the systemic character of the social link between Chad and the United Nations and therefore intends to categorize the spaces of getting in touch as a three variable system: the socialization, the estrangement and the break. The analysis of the meeting in terms of "spatiality" allows the study of the link between "time and symbolic spheres of the interaction ", which gives enables to establish the incentives to act and the ways of formulation. The latters establish the terms of a new speech based on the claim for a sovereignty which would not be a sovereignty of facade and its recognition by the international community. We will study, on the one hand, the gradual formation of such a space of assessment and, on the other hand, the will to counter the denial of recognition which allows Chad to complete its relationship to its own sovereignty