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Journal articles on the topic 'Reconstruction faciale'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 May 2024

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1

Charrier, Jean-Baptiste, and Nathan Moreau. "Corrections volumétriques du visage par implants en titane microporeux." L'Orthodontie Française 87, no. 3 (September 2016): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/orthodfr/2016027.

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Introduction : La symétrie faciale a longtemps été un objectif majeur de la chirurgie orthognathique. Les patients présentant une asymétrie faciale prononcée souhaitent retrouver une occlusion fonctionnelle, mais également améliorer leur esthétique faciale. À ce titre, différentes thérapeutiques chirurgicales ont été proposées pour permettre des corrections volumétriques du visage. Matériels et méthodes : À travers un cas clinique et une revue de la littérature, cet article explore l’utilisation d’implants alloplastiques en titane microporeux dans les corrections volumétriques du visage. Résultats : Il n’existe à ce jour que peu de données dans la littérature relatives à l’utilisation des implants alloplastiques en titane microporeux pour les corrections volumétriques du visage, ces implants étant principalement utilisés dans la reconstruction cranio-faciale de défauts osseux post-traumatiques ou post-chirurgicaux. Discussion : Les avantages et inconvénients respectifs de ces implants sont discutés, ainsi que l’intérêt de cette technique chirurgicale en pratique de chirurgie orthognathique.
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See, L. A., A. de Taddéo, B. Henault, X. A. Mommers, A. Duvernay, M. Roche, O. Trost, and N. Zwetyenga. "Le lambeau ostéo-fascio-cutané antébrachial radial dans la reconstruction maxillo-faciale." Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale 114, no. 6 (December 2013): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revsto.2013.07.016.

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3

Lelonge, Yann, Marie Gavid, and Jean-Michel Prades. "Le lambeau supra-claviculaire : de l’étude anatomique à l’application clinique en reconstruction cervico-faciale." Morphologie 105, no. 350 (September 2021): S51—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2021.05.108.

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Michel, F., J. M. Prades, N. Merzougui, A. Timoshenko, and Ch Martin. "Bases anatomiques du lambeau libre de muscle droit de l’abdomen : intérêts en reconstruction cervico-faciale." Morphologie 89, no. 286 (September 2005): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1286-0115(05)83250-3.

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Terseur, V., C. Duvillard, S. Thiebaut, P. Romanet, A. Bozorg Grayeli, and M. Folia. "Reconstruction de la cavité orale par lambeau musculo-muqueux pédiculé sur l’artère faciale : une étude rétrospective." Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale 130, no. 4 (October 2013): A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aforl.2013.06.152.

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Grosfeld, Eline C., Jeroen M. Smit, Gertruud A. Krekels, Julien H. A. van Rappard, and Maarten M. Hoogbergen. "Facial Reconstruction following Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Report of 622 Cases." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 18, no. 4 (July 2014): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2013.13188.

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Background: Around 100 to 200 patients undergo surgical reconstruction every year at our department of plastic and reconstructive surgery after Mohs micrographic surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Objective: The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the type of facial reconstructions performed and investigate whether we achieved increased, definitive closure rates of the defect on the day of the excision after further improving the collaboration between the involved departments. Methods: All patients who underwent facial reconstruction at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery following Mohs micrographic surgery between January 2006 and January 2011 were retrospectively systematically reviewed. Results: A total of 564 patients with 622 defects were identified. The different reconstructions used per aesthetic unit are described. The number of cases in which a reconstruction was performed on the same day as the resection significantly increased from 31 to 81% ( p < .001). Conclusion: Facial reconstruction following Mohs micrographic surgery is challenging. The type of reconstruction used depends on the type of defect and patient characteristics. A structured multidisciplinary approach improves the process from defect to reconstruction and can facilitate referrals.
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Benbassat, Bastien, Agnes Dupret-Bories, Guillaume De Bonnecaze, and Élodie Chantalat. "Le lambeau pudendal externe libre en reconstruction cervico-faciale chez la femme – Une étude anatomique de faisabilité." Morphologie 105, no. 350 (September 2021): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2021.05.066.

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8

Vernier-Mosca, M., D. Feuvrier, L. Obert, O. Mauvais, F. Loisel, and I. Pluvy. "Utilisation du coupleur pour les anastomoses veineuses en reconstruction cervico-faciale. Étude rétrospective sur 51 lambeaux libres." Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique 65, no. 3 (June 2020): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2019.06.011.

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9

Nevil, Collin, Eric Heffern, Wojciech Przylecki, and Brian T. Andrews. "Surgical Decision Making in Complex Facial Gunshot Wound Reconstruction." FACE 2, no. 4 (October 17, 2021): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/27325016211053351.

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Introduction: With a rise in gun violence across the United States, facial gunshot wounds (GSWs) present a challenging reconstructive problem that was once seldom encountered in civilian populations. Reconstruction of facial GSW injuries requires a combination of both microvascular and craniofacial surgical techniques. The aim of this study is to explore our experience with facial GSW injuries through an anatomic classification scheme and investigate the surgical techniques necessary to complete such reconstructions. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted at a tertiary academic center. All subjects who suffered facial GSWs and underwent definitive reconstruction at our institution were included. Facial GSWs were classified into 4 distinct anatomical zones of injury: lower (mandible), middle (maxilla and orbit), upper (above the orbit), and multi-zone injury. Microvascular reconstruction was further investigated based on the types of flaps used and the location of flap inset. Surgical outcomes, numbers of procedures, and complications were assessed, and statistical comparisons were made. Results: Thirty-six subjects underwent a total of 322 surgeries. Twenty subjects had multi-zone injury; 16 had single zone injury. Eighteen of the 36 subjects (50%) required microvascular reconstruction. These 18 subjects underwent a significantly increased number of reconstructive procedures ( P = .023). Twenty-six flaps were used, as multiple subjects required >1 flap. Fourteen of the 26 flaps were used in the middle third (54%), 7 in the lower third (27%), and 5 in the upper third (19%). Six flap complications required further surgical revision. On average, multi-zone injuries required more surgical procedures to complete reconstruction ( P = .018). Conclusion: Composite multi-zone facial GSW injuries present a higher degree of reconstructive complexity, and thus often require more surgical procedures, especially when the midface is involved. In our experience, microvascular reconstruction is more often used in multizone injury, and in our series was associated with an increased number of reconstructive procedures.
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10

Boucher, Justine. "Séquelles fonctionnelles et esthétiques du lambeau antébrachial radial: une étude multicentrique en reconstruction cervico-faciale après chirurgie carcinologique." Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation 40, no. 6 (December 2021): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hansur.2021.10.194.

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Dhouib, M., Th Kaffel, S. Briki, N. Triki, S. Abida, F. Karray, and M. Abdelmoula. "P.a(5)-7 Place du lambeau anté-brachial libre dans la reconstruction oro-faciale. À propos de 4 cas." Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale 106, no. 4 (September 2005): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-1768(05)85902-9.

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Nolan, Katherine, Michelle Henry, Michael Shohet, Ebrahim Elahi, and Ellen Marmur. "Use of a Perimeter Technique with Mohs Micrographic Surgery in the Resection of a Giant Basal Cell Carcinoma." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 16, no. 6 (November 2012): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347541201600623.

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Background: Giant basal cell carcinomas (GBCC) can demonstrate very malignant behavior and pose a surgical challenge. Objective: To present a surgical technique utilizing Mohs and the resection of narrow bands of tissue to excise a GBCC that created a large facial defect of 5 cm x 2 cm. Methods: A unique combination of Mohs micrographic surgery and the recently described perimeter techniques used for lentigo maligna were used to resect the tumor. Results: This hybrid technique was tissue sparing and therefore helped prevent the complications associated with a larger resection and allowed for an easier reconstruction. At 2 months post resection the patient had no known metastasis or tumor recurrence. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of early recognition of basal cell carcinoma and the complications that can arise when lesions are left untreated for a long duration. Also, we describe a surgical technique that could help reduce the complications associated with these large tumors. Contexte: Les carcinomes basocellulaires géants (CBCG) peuvent se montrer très malins, en plus d'être difficiles à opérer. Objectif: L'étude visait à présenter une technique chirurgicale, reposant sur la méthode de Mohs et nécessitant l'exérèse de bandes étroites de tissu afin d'enlever un CBCG qui avait créé une importante perte de substance faciale de 5 cm × 2 cm. Méthodes: Nous avons procédé à l'ablation de la tumeur grâce à une association tout à fait particulière de la chirurgie micrographique de Mohs et des techniques de détermination du périmètre, décrites dernièrement pour l'exérèse des lentigos malins. Résultats: Cette technique hybride offrait l'avantage de conserver du tissu et, par le fait même, aidait à prévenir les complications associées à des exérèses étendues, et facilitait la reconstruction. Deux mois après l'opération, le patient ne présentait pas de métastase décelable ni de récidive de la tumeur. Conclusions: Le présent cas fait ressortir l'importance de la reconnaissance précoce du carcinome basocellulaire et des complications auxquelles peut donner lieu l'absence prolongée de traitement des lésions. L'article contient aussi une description d'une technique chirurgicale, susceptible de diminuer les complications liées à ces grosses tumeurs.
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Guillier, D., V. Moris, L. A. See, M. Girodon, B. L. Wajszczak, and N. Zwetyenga. "Reconstruction faciale complexe sur mesure : un cas de remplacement total de l’articulation temporo-mandibulaire, de l’arcade zygomatique et du zygoma." Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 118, no. 1 (February 2017): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2016.12.005.

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14

Bayol, J. C., F. Sury, A. Petraud, B. Laure, and D. Goga. "Le lambeau libre antérolatéral de cuisse en reconstruction faciale : particularités techniques du prélèvement et résultats à propos de six cas." Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique 56, no. 6 (December 2011): 504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2009.12.004.

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15

Setiawan, Eko, and Erythrina Permata Sari. "Lip Reconstruction Using Radial Forearm Freeflap After Radical Excision of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report." Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 10, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sainsmed.v10i2.1661.

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INTRODUCTION: The main treatment modality for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is by surgical wide excision. Post-excision reconstructive surgery is essential for restoring aesthetics and function. Fasciocutaneous free-flap is an acceptable method for reconstructing a wide lession of the face since the technique does not cause significant morbidity.CASE REPORT: A 41 year-old female was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (T3N0M0) of the inferior lip after achieving tumor-free margin radical excision. Reconstruction of the defect was made with radial forearm freelap followed by a three-phase refinement flap. The patient was left with a aesthetically acceptable lip without other facial morbidity.DISCUSSION: Reconstructive surgery following a widely excised tumor of the lips requires special attention because of its important physical and aesthetical role. Radial forearm freeflap causes minimal facial morbidity since the technique does not require donor tissue from the face. Other benefits include adequate tissue thickness, minimal contracture and unaltering skin color. Further refinement flaps is needed to complete the reconstruction process.CONCLUSION: Radial forearm free flap is a good choice for reconstruction a wide lession following a wide excision of lip tumor.
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Prabha, Amritha, Garima Sarawgi, Urvish Shah, Ganesh M. S., Abhinay Reddy, B. R. Keerthi, Hemanth G. N., Rahul Surapaneni, Khyati Melanta, and Udayee Teja Bathala. "Cervico-facial flap: a versatile option among various reconstructive options for skin defects in parotid surgery-our experience in a tertiary care center." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212806.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cutaneous defects of the cheek and external ear present a reconstructive challenge. Even when free flap reconstructions and tissue transfer are commonly proposed, fewer patients with these malignancies are candidates for lengthy reconstructive surgery. The cost effectiveness, time consumption, long waiting period of head and neck malignancy patients and less availability of reconstruction teams in developing countries like India, are challenging factors.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In our study, retrospectively 46 cases operated for parotid neoplasm were identified and the operative reports were reviewed from September 2018 to April 2021. Data on patient demographics, pathological diagnosis, defect type, type of flap used, co-morbid disease, and smoking history was collected. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean defect size was 4×5 cm, however for defects larger than 4×4 cm and lesser than 7 cm a cervico-facial flap was used for reconstruction. The average time for surgery was 2 and a half hours extra for the free flap reconstruction. Post-operative wound complications were higher in free flap reconstruction. Partial/DTN was observed in 16% patients and necrosis that needed intervention- 6% of all patients. Patients with cervico-facial flap reconstruction had an excellent final functional and cosmetic result, with good skin color and texture match.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The cervico-facial flap is a versatile technique with excellent vascularity and good esthetic outcome, which should be utilized liberally in the reconstruction of facial defects, slight modifications in the flap harvesting and careful selection of patient can give excellent results in moderate defects after parotid surgeries, especially in a resource limited country like India.</p>
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VESELOVSKAYA, Elizaveta. "WHAT DID OUR ANCESTORS LOOK LIKE? OR, THE CAPABILITIES OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION." LIFE OF THE EARTH 43, no. 3 (August 25, 2021): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2439.0514-7468.2020_43_3/347-360.

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Anthropological Reconstruction Laboratory of the Center for Physical Anthropology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS. The article relates the current state of the M.M. Gerasimov Laboratory of Anthropological Reconstruction of the Center for Physical Anthropology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Emphasizing the role of the founder of the method of face reconstruction from the skull, the author discusses the latest improvements to this method. The data bank on the thickness of the facial integument in representatives of various ethnic groups, and the accumulated experience with regard to the relationships between facial features and the underlying structures of the skull, made it possible to create a program of craniofacial correspondence ‘The Algorithm of Appearance’, which significantly improves the process of reconstructing in vivo appearance based on the skull. The visual reconstruction of the appearance is supplemented by an anthropological description of the lifetime appearance, in terms of the ‘verbal portrait’ used in forensic science. A description of a unique collection of more than 300 sculptural and graphic portraits made on the basis of the skulls of ancient people and historical figures is given. Based on the examples of specific projects, the possibilities of anthropological reconstruction for solving applied and theoretical problems of science are shown. The reconstruction of the appearance of soldiers killed in the Second World War is the key patriotic direction of the Laboratory s work. Based on the results of these reconstructions, several fi were identifi Th Laboratory is currently at work on reconstructing the lifetime appearance of A.V. Suvorov on the basis of a death mask.
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Vladislav, Shamov, KholikovAzizbek Alimurodovich, and FattayevaDilorom Rustamovna. "MODERN COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF FACIAL INJURIES." American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation 03, no. 05 (May 1, 2023): 05–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/volume03issue05-02.

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The introduction of digital technologies and improvement of reconstruction methods, diagnostics of combined traumas of the maxillofacial region should be aimed at improving the quality of life and aesthetic parameters of patients, reducing traumatization, reconstructing anatomical areas, reducing the duration of the postoperative period.
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Nokovitch, L., A. Dupret-Bories, C. Bach, B. Barry, M. Julieron, and S. Deneuve. "Étude observationnelle du retentissement à long terme des séquelles au site donneur, après une reconstruction cervico-faciale par lambeau libre antérolatéral de cuisse." Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale 138, no. 6 (December 2021): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aforl.2020.11.009.

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20

Qureshi, Uneeb Ahmed, Shannon Calaguas, Ethan Frank, and Jared Inman. "Implications of Applying New Technology in Cosmetic and Reconstructive Facial Plastic Surgery." Facial Plastic Surgery 36, no. 06 (December 2020): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1721116.

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AbstractThe field of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is privy to a myriad of technological advancements. As innovation in areas such as imaging, computer applications, and biomaterials progresses at breakneck speed, the potential for clinical application is endless. This review of recent progress in the implementation of new technologies in facial plastic surgery highlights some of the most innovative and impactful developments in the past few years of literature. Patient-specific surgical modeling has become the gold standard for oncologic and posttraumatic reconstructive surgery, with demonstrated improvements in operative times, restoration of anatomical structure, and patient satisfaction. Similarly, reductions in revision rates with improvements in learner technical proficiency have been noted with the use of patient-specific models in free flap reconstruction. In the cosmetic realm, simulation-based rhinoplasty implants have drastically reduced operative times while concurrently raising patient postoperative ratings of cosmetic appearance. Intraoperative imaging has also seen recent expansion in its adoption driven largely by reports of eradication of postoperative imaging and secondary—often complicated—revision reconstructions. A burgeoning area likely to deliver many advances in years to come is the integration of bioprinting into reconstructive surgery. Although yet to clearly make the translational leap, the implications of easily generatable induced pluripotent stem cells in replacing autologous, cadaveric, or synthetic tissues in surgical reconstruction are remarkable.
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Cho, Kyusang, Jinsol Park, and Seokchan Eun. "The Central Facial Defect Reconstruction Using a Radial Forearm Free Flap after Malignant Cutaneous Tumor Ablation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2023): 7148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227148.

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Purpose: Acquired defects of the central face pose significant challenges in achieving acceptable cosmetic and functional outcomes. The site, size, and depth of tissue loss often render local tissues inadequate for the repair of major nasal defects. In this article, we aim to demonstrate the efficacy of radial forearm-free flaps as an ideal choice for various central facial unit reconstructions. Methods: This study encompassed patients treated between 2020 and 2022 who underwent facial reconstruction using radial forearm flaps. These flaps were employed in eleven patients with defects involving the lower lid, nose, upper lip, and lower lip. Additionally, we used osteocutaneous flaps in one patient to reconstruct a right nasal bone defect. In three patients requiring medial and lateral canthal tendon reconstruction in one case and oral sphincter reconstruction in two cases, the palmaris longus tendon was included with the flap. Results: In the majority of cases, we achieved good to excellent aesthetic and functional results. Notably, there were no instances of flap failure or partial necrosis in this series. All patients experienced uneventful healing at the donor site. Conclusions: The radial forearm-free flap stands as an ideal and reliable method for reconstructing various facial defects. It offers efficient and thin-conforming skin coverage.
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Yang, Jie, and Lei Zhao. "Research on 3D Reconstruction of the Facial Surface Reverse Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.113.

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According to the surface integration of laser technology and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology (CAD & CAM), a method that is rebuilt surface of three-dimensional facial reconstruction has been explored. A laser scanning system is used to collect the 3D discrete point data of the facial model, which will be cut up by their characteristics and curvature in order to make a 3D face reconstruction. The maximum reconstructive error is 0.2174mm. Application results indicate that the proposed method is quite satisfactory for facial reconstructive surgery, rehabilitation design and plastic surgery.
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Moore, Gary F., C. Scott Howe, and Anthony J. Yonkers. "The use of Silastic Prosthetics in the Reconstruction of Nasal Facial Deformities." American Journal of Rhinology 1, no. 1 (March 1987): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065887781390372.

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Maxillofacial deformities resulting from the loss of tissue from the midfacial region may cause serious disfigurement. Modern facial plastic reconstructive techniques have been able to produce satisfactory results in the reconstruction of many of these facial deformities. There are specific indications where the use of a silastic prosthetic device may have a distinct advantage over a surgical reconstruction. Shortened hospitalization, early rehabilitation, decreased morbidity, and an excellent access to the surgical site for follow-up of cancer resection patients are important advantages when considering prosthetic rehabilitation. This technique does not supplant established surgical facial reconstructive methods, but offers a valuable adjunct for reconstruction of extensive lesions caused either by trauma or surgical resection.
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Sclafani, Anthony, and Jiahui Lin. "Enhanced Contouring of Local Flaps." Facial Plastic Surgery 34, no. 05 (October 2018): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1668572.

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AbstractScars and flaps represent a disruption of the normal skin contour, shape, and texture. Successful reconstruction of facial defects with local flaps requires prior planning to choose the correct reconstructive method. However, thorough preoperative planning should include consideration of adjunctive procedures to improve expected postoperative results as well as potential procedures to improve less-than-ideal results. Approaching facial reconstruction holistically allows the surgeon to soberly assess his/her reconstructive results and attain outstanding appearance.
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Dżaman, Karolina, Marlena Ziemska-Gorczyca, Igor Anurin, and Magdalena Błaszczyk. "The Latest Craniofacial Reconstructive Techniques Using Anchored Implants after Surgical Treatment of Nasal and Paranasal Sinuses Tumors." Healthcare 11, no. 12 (June 6, 2023): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121663.

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Reconstructive surgery after surgical treatment of neoplasms in the head and neck region is always a challenge. Many factors are responsible for the success of reconstruction. The anatomy of the facial region is complex, which significantly influences the aesthetic effect of the reconstruction. Moreover, many patients undergo postoperative radiotherapy after surgical treatment, which affects the range of reconstructive techniques. The aim of this study is to review current reconstructive methods in the craniofacial region, using bone-anchored implants to attach nasal prostheses. The article also comprises the authors’ own experience with successful single-stage, Vistafix 3 osseointegrated implants for the attachment of an external nasal prosthesis in a 51-year-old man after surgical removal of squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The literature search for articles regarding implants in craniofacial reconstructions was performed using the three following databases: Scopus, Web of Science and MEDLINE (through PubMed), and follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA). A systematic literature search was set for 2018–2023 and retrieved 92 studies. From them, 18 articles were included in the review.
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van Leeuwen, Anne C., Ayleen The, Sanne E. Moolenburgh, Ellen R. M. de Haas, and Marc A. M. Mureau. "A Retrospective Review of Reconstructive Options and Outcomes of 202 Cases Large Facial Mohs Micrographic Surgical Defects, Based on the Aesthetic Unit Involved." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 6 (May 18, 2015): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1203475415586665.

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Background: For optimal treatment of facial defects following Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), the aesthetic unit principles should be applied. Often multiple staged procedures and revisions are necessary. Objective: To analyze the reconstructive options and outcomes for complex facial defects per aesthetic unit. Methods: Data of 202 patients, who underwent a facial reconstruction at the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery following MMS, were collected. Results: The central facial units were affected in more than 70%, with over 20% of the defects involving more than 1 unit. Nasal defects required the longest reconstruction time (3-staged forehead flap) and periocular defects the most revisional procedures. In more than 50%, additional operations (range, 1-5) were needed. In 12%, postoperative complications occurred. Conclusion: An overview for the reconstructive options of extensive facial skin cancer is presented. Proper treatment requires a structured multidisciplinary approach in order to achieve excellent tumour control and a satisfactory aesthetic and functional end result.
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Sekou, Singare, Shou Yan Zhong, Guang Hui Xu, Wei Ping Wang, and Jian Jun Zhou. "CAD-CAM Prosthesis in Maxillo-Facial Surgery." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1241.

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To improve the maxillofacial surgery outcome, modern manufacturing methods such as rapid prototyping (RP), reverse engineering (RE) and medical imaging data have been utilised to manufacture custom-made prostheses after previous failed reconstructive surgery. After acquisition of data, an individual computer-based 3D model of the bony defect was generated and transferred into RE software to create the prosthesis CAD model. Then the physical model of the prosthesis was fabricated by RP technique. The precise fit of the prosthesis was evaluated using the prosthesis and skull models. The prosthesis was then directly used in investment casting such as “Quick Cast” pattern to produce the titanium model. In the clinical reports presented here, reconstructions of one patient with large mandible bone defects were performed using this method. The custom prostheses perfectly fit the defects during the operations, and surgery time was reduced. These cases showed that the prefabrication of a prosthesis using modern manufacturing technology is an effective method for maxillofacial defect reconstruction.
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Rifkin, William J., Justin L. Bellamy, Rami S. Kantar, Scott J. Farber, J. Rodrigo Diaz-Siso, Lawrence E. Brecht, and Eduardo D. Rodriguez. "Autologous Reconstruction of a Face Transplant Candidate." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 2 (June 2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675844.

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Since 2005, facial transplantation has emerged as a viable reconstructive option for the most severe defects not amenable to conventional reconstructive techniques, with promising aesthetic and functional outcomes to date. Key facial subunits and midface structures such as the eyelids, lips, and nose are now able to be successfully replaced rather than reconstructed, enabling adequate functional outcomes in even the most extensive defects. However, even in cases of severe facial disfigurement, the decision to proceed with transplantation versus autologous reconstruction remains a source of debate, with no current consensus regarding precise indications and inclusion/exclusion criteria. This report details the case of a candidate referred for face transplantation who ultimately underwent autologous facial reconstruction. Through this representative case, our objective is to clarify the criteria that make a patient a suitable face transplant candidate, as well as to demonstrate the outcomes achievable with a conventional autologous reconstruction, using a methodically planned, multistaged approach.
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Lee, Seongmin, Hyunse Yoon, Sohyun Park, Sanghoon Lee, and Jiwoo Kang. "Stabilized Temporal 3D Face Alignment Using Landmark Displacement Learning." Electronics 12, no. 17 (September 4, 2023): 3735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173735.

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One of the most crucial aspects of 3D facial models is facial reconstruction. However, it is unclear if face shape distortion is caused by identity or expression when the 3D morphable model (3DMM) is fitted into largely expressive faces. In order to overcome the problem, we introduce neural networks to reconstruct stable and precise faces in time. The reconstruction network extracts the 3DMM parameters from video sequences to represent 3D faces in time. Meanwhile, our displacement networks learn the changes in facial landmarks. In particular, the networks learn changes caused by facial identity, facial expression, and temporal cues, respectively. The proposed facial alignment network exhibits reliable and precise performance in reconstructing static and dynamic faces by leveraging these displacement networks. The 300 Videos in the Wild (300VW) dataset is utilized for qualitative and quantitative evaluations to confirm the effectiveness of our method. The results demonstrate the considerable advantages of our method in reconstructing 3D faces from video sequences.
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Ionita, Sabina, Serban Popescu, and Ioan Lascar. "Polypropylene meshes and other alloplastic implants for soft tissue and cartilage nasal reconstructive surgery – a literature review." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 5, no. 18 (June 1, 2015): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjr-2015-0010.

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Abstract BACKGROUND. The reconstructive surgery is a domain in continuous research for new techniques and alloplastic materials for replacement of complex defects. Different biomaterials are used in soft tissue reconstruction including polypropylene meshes covered with collagen, which have the best results in abdominal and pelvic surgery, but are not yet used in nasal surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We analysed the studies from the literature regarding the different alloplastic implants used in nasal reconstruction surgery, their benefits and contraindications for nasal defects. RESULTS. The most used polymers are Silicone, Medpor®, Mersilene® and polypropylene. Silicone is no longer widely used in facial reconstructive surgery because of its many complications. Medpor® (high-density polyethylene) is used for reconstruction of the facial skeleton and for aesthetic contour enhancement, including nasal reconstruction. Mersilene® (polyethylene terephthalate) is used for dorsum nasal defect reconstruction. Gore-Tex® is used for soft-tissue augmentation in the nose and is not recommended as a structural graft. Polypropylene meshes (Marlex®) are widely used in abdominal and chest wall reconstructive surgeries, with few studies on using them in nasal cartilage reconstruction. CONCLUSION. Nasal reconstructive surgery is a difficult part of plastic surgery than can cause many problems to the surgeon, the need for soft tissue and cartilage reconstruction are difficult to solve in a repeatedly operated nose with few autogenous graft options and complex reconstructive surgeries, especially in posttraumatic defects and revision rhinoplasties. There are many alloplastic implants that can be used with excellent results.
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Cortese, Antonio, Salvatore Catalano, Antonio Alberto Maria Giunta, Antonio Borri, Daniele Panetta, and Pier Paolo Claudio. "Lip Reconstruction by Double Layer and Double Flap New Combination Technique: A Case Series." Dentistry Journal 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj10020019.

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In the past, lip reconstruction after ablative surgery has been performed by primary closure and more recently by free flap transfer technique. Cheek’s skin flap has been used to reconstruct the lower lip cutaneous portion. This study presents a reconstructive method for the vermillion and the lip’s cutaneous portion using the Goldstein–Robotti techniques (for the vermillion) and the buccinator flap to reconstruct the cutaneous lip portion and the perioral muscles. This procedure allows a complete reconstruction with a double layer technique for defects of more than one-third of both lips, together or alone, including modiolus, showing satisfactory functionality and aesthetics. The procedure was carried out by splitting the buccinator muscle and elongating the upper and lower buccinator bundles, together or alone. Soft tissue blunt dissection prevented most facial nerves and vessels injuries, ensuring blood supply and an amount of lip sensitivity. Even in the case of facial vessel ligatures after neck dissection, the technique was possible basing the flap pedicle on the internal maxillary artery branches (buccinator) and contralateral facial vessels (orbicularis). We present a case series of six reconstructions of various defects of the upper and lower lips, including the commissure after ablative surgery for squamous cell carcinoma and polymorphous adenocarcinoma. The results showed satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes, with similar tissue texture, static and dynamic symmetry achieved for all the patients.
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Teknos, Theodoros N., Brian Nussenbaum, Carol R. Bradford, Mark E. Prince, Hussam El-Kashlan, and Douglas B. Chepeha. "Reconstruction of Complex Parotidectomy Defects Using the Lateral Arm Free Tissue Transfer." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 129, no. 3 (September 2003): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(03)00718-6.

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OBJECTIVES: The study goal was to show that the lateral arm flap is a viable reconstructive option for complex parotidectomy defects. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We studied a case series at a tertiary care medical center from March 1997 to March 2002. The lateral arm flap was used to reconstruct parotidectomy defects that included a composite resection of adjacent tissue in 30 patients. There were 19 men and 11 women (mean age, 62 years; mean follow-up, 19 months). The mean flap area was 114 cm2, and the mean flap volume was 172 cm3. The posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm (PCNF) was used as a facial nerve cable graft in 14 patients. Facial disability outcomes were measured using the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation scale. RESULTS: The major and minor complication rates with use of this reconstructive approach were low: 16.7% (5 of 30) and 26.7% (8 of 30), respectively. Donor site morbidity was minimal, with no patient having a major donor site complication and 23.3% (7 of 30) having minor complications. Functional recovery of the facial nerve occurred in 6 of 8 evaluable patients who underwent facial nerve grafting using the PCNF. Controlling for degree of facial nerve paralysis, Facial Clinimetric Evaluation scale scores of our patients were not statistically different than those of a historic population with a facial paralysis and no surgical defect. CONCLUSIONS: The lateral arm free flap effectively restores facial appearance when used for reconstruction of complex parotidectomy defects. The PCNF, a nerve harvested with the lateral arm flap, can be used as a facial nerve cable graft with a high rate of success. SIGNIFICANCE: The lateral arm flap is successful as a single donor site for reconstructing facial contour and the facial nerve after major ablative defects in the parotid region.
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Lakhani, Niyati, and Ashwin Lakhani. "Reconstruction of post burns facial contractures and deformities: an Indian perspective." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): 2170. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20182216.

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Background: Reconstruction of facial burns contracture is one of the most important surgeries in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. This study was aimed to assess the different modalities used in facial reconstruction and their outcome.Methods: This retrospective study involved 20 patients with extensive burning facial scars. Patients were treated with different reconstructive modalities like split/full thickness skin grafts or flaps etc. Outcome of different modalities as per the area of face involved, graft taken up and complications were analyzed.Results: Majority patients were of age between 20-30 years. 72.22% patients had other associated burn injuries with facial involvement. Most patients (18, 90%) were treated after 9 months post burns duration. All patients had multiregional involvement on face but cheek being the largest unit, was most commonly involved (18, 90%) followed by involvement of oral commissure and lips in 8 (40%) and orbital region in 7 (35%) patients. Full thickness skin graft (FTSG) and split thickness skin grafts (STSG) were most commonly performed procedures. Patient with forehead scarring was treated with abdominal tube transferred in stages. Two patients with eyelid ectropion treated with release and STSG. Gillies up and down forehead flap were used for nose reconstruction due to non-availability of tissue expanders. Linear scars on chick not fitting in relaxed skin tension line were treated with excision and primary “z” plasty. Hypertrophic scar of ear was excised and STSG was applied. Common complications included hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, contour distortion and obliteration of labiomental sulcus.Conclusions: Facial reconstructive procedure for burns scars should be selected based on region of face involved. Skin grafting is an effective method for reconstruction especially in areas with non-availability of advanced treatment modalities.
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Volk, Angela S., Tom Shokri, Mofiyinfolu Sokoya, Yadranko Ducic, and Larry H. Hollier. "Facial Gunshot Wounds." Facial Plastic Surgery 35, no. 06 (November 29, 2019): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700879.

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AbstractCraniomaxillofacial gunshot injuries, resulting from assault, suicide attempts, and accidental trauma, represent a major public health dilemma in the United States. Due to the extent of injury and resulting osseous and soft tissue loss, facial gunshot wounds pose a unique challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Initial management should use advanced trauma life support principles with the goal of patient stabilization. Acute operative management should center around wound decontamination, debridement, and temporary closure. Historically, definitive surgical management focused on delayed reconstruction secondary to high rates of wound infections, necrosis, and ischemia. With improvements in imaging modalities, the advent of virtual surgical planning, and the popularization of microvascular free flaps, contemporary methods have shifted toward earlier more definitive reconstruction. Autologous free tissue transfer has resulted in a decrease in hospital stay and the number of overall surgeries. Importantly, due to the variability in injury pattern and complexity in reconstruction, a systematic approach toward intervention is needed to mitigate complications and optimize overall functional and aesthetic outcomes.
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Caruana, Matthew, and Joseph G. Vella. "3D Facial Reconstruction from 2D Portrait Imagery." Information & Security: An International Journal 47, no. 3 (2020): 328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/isij.4724.

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Renner, Gregory J., Becky McGraw-Wall, Stephen S. Park, and Brian B. Burkey. "Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Committee: Reconstruction of Difficult Facial Defects." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 129, no. 2 (August 2003): P63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59980300816-7.

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Renner, G. "Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Committee: reconstruction of difficult facial defects." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 129, no. 2 (August 2003): P63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(03)00816-7.

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Wen, Y. Edward, and Shai M. Rozen. "Optimizing Facial Function in Patients With High-Risk Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma and a History of Facial Nerve Injury." Annals of Plastic Surgery 91, no. 5 (November 2023): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000003639.

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Background Parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PA) patients present significant diagnostic and surgical challenges rendering them high risk for facial nerve injury. Recurrent PA patients often present with history of facial nerve injury or previous reanimations making salvage of the facial nerve or previous reanimations significantly more complex. The study aim is to share our experience with this high risk for facial nerve injury population and review the literature. Methods Adult patients with recurrent PA and history of facial nerve injury with at least 3 months of follow-up were analyzed for demographics, facial palsy history, previous head and neck surgeries, previous facial paralysis reconstruction, preoperative imaging, surgical approach, and postoperative outcomes. Results Four female patients were identified with an average age of 62 years. All patients underwent an initial protective dissection of the facial nerve or previous reanimation reconstruction by the facial nerve reconstructive team followed by the extirpative team. The average number of previous head and neck surgeries was 5, the number of recurrences was 2, and follow-up was 20 months. Half had prior dynamic facial reanimation. Two patients underwent complete preextirpative dissection of the facial nerve resulting in neuropraxia, which recovered completely after an average of 143 days. A third patient presented with 2 recurrences, both during and after reanimation with a dually innervated free functional muscle transfer. The reconstruction was salvaged, and motion was achieved. A fourth patient presented with benign preoperative findings, but intraoperative findings confirmed malignancy, necessitating facial nerve sacrifice, followed by immediate intratemporal grafting of the facial nerve and masseteric nerve transfer. Motion appeared 139 days postoperatively. Conclusions A multidisciplinary effort should be implemented in this high risk for facial nerve injury population with the primary goal of protecting the facial nerve or any previous reanimation procedures, yet with preparedness to apply any reconstructive strategy based on intraoperative findings.
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Nestor, Adrian, David C. Plaut, and Marlene Behrmann. "Feature-based face representations and image reconstruction from behavioral and neural data." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514551112.

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The reconstruction of images from neural data can provide a unique window into the content of human perceptual representations. Although recent efforts have established the viability of this enterprise using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns, these efforts have relied on a variety of prespecified image features. Here, we take on the twofold task of deriving features directly from empirical data and of using these features for facial image reconstruction. First, we use a method akin to reverse correlation to derive visual features from functional MRI patterns elicited by a large set of homogeneous face exemplars. Then, we combine these features to reconstruct novel face images from the corresponding neural patterns. This approach allows us to estimate collections of features associated with different cortical areas as well as to successfully match image reconstructions to corresponding face exemplars. Furthermore, we establish the robustness and the utility of this approach by reconstructing images from patterns of behavioral data. From a theoretical perspective, the current results provide key insights into the nature of high-level visual representations, and from a practical perspective, these findings make possible a broad range of image-reconstruction applications via a straightforward methodological approach.
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Palines, Patrick A., Sarah Y. Park, Rory J. Loo, Jason R. Siebert, Brad K. Grunert, Sachin S. Pawar, John A. LoGiudice, Robert J. Havlik, and Patrick C. Hettinger. "Facial Reconstruction Following Self-Inflicted Gunshot Wounds: Predictors, Complications, and Acceptable Outcomes." Trauma Care 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/traumacare2020018.

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Background: Self-inflicted gunshot wounds (SIGSWs) produce devastating facial defects that are challenging to reconstruct, but are rarely reported in large cohorts in the literature. This study sought to characterize these injuries, and identify parameters influencing complications and outcomes among survivors following facial reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed identifying 22 patients with SIGSWs to the face reconstructed at our center from 2009 to 2019. Charts were reviewed for patient, injury, and reconstructive details and course. Outcomes were statistically compared to various parameters. Results: The most common firearm, orientation, and injured structure were the handgun (40.9%), submental (59.1%), and mandible (68.2%), respectively. Patients averaged a 21.7-day length of stay (LOS), 17.4 h to debridement, 2.6 days to bony fixation, 5.4 reconstructive surgeries, and 7 (31.8%) patients received at least one free flap. Fifteen (68.2%) patients had at least one major complication, although functional outcomes were ultimately relatively good overall. Notable outcome associations included submental orientation with a longer LOS (p = 0.027), external fixation with a longer LOS (p = 0.014), financial stressors with a shorter LOS (p = 0.031), and severe soft tissue injury with an increased total number of reconstructive surgeries (p = 0.039) and incomplete reconstruction (p = 0.031). There were no cases of suicidal recidivism. Conclusions: Reconstruction following facial SIGSW is challenging for both patient and surgeon, and carries a high rate of complications. However, patients can regain substantial function following reconstruction and the achievement of satisfactory outcomes.
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Palines, Patrick A., Sarah Y. Park, Rory J. Loo, Jason R. Siebert, Brad K. Grunert, Sachin S. Pawar, John A. LoGiudice, Robert J. Havlik, and Patrick C. Hettinger. "Facial Reconstruction Following Self-Inflicted Gunshot Wounds: Predictors, Complications, and Acceptable Outcomes." Trauma Care 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/traumacare2020018.

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Background: Self-inflicted gunshot wounds (SIGSWs) produce devastating facial defects that are challenging to reconstruct, but are rarely reported in large cohorts in the literature. This study sought to characterize these injuries, and identify parameters influencing complications and outcomes among survivors following facial reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed identifying 22 patients with SIGSWs to the face reconstructed at our center from 2009 to 2019. Charts were reviewed for patient, injury, and reconstructive details and course. Outcomes were statistically compared to various parameters. Results: The most common firearm, orientation, and injured structure were the handgun (40.9%), submental (59.1%), and mandible (68.2%), respectively. Patients averaged a 21.7-day length of stay (LOS), 17.4 h to debridement, 2.6 days to bony fixation, 5.4 reconstructive surgeries, and 7 (31.8%) patients received at least one free flap. Fifteen (68.2%) patients had at least one major complication, although functional outcomes were ultimately relatively good overall. Notable outcome associations included submental orientation with a longer LOS (p = 0.027), external fixation with a longer LOS (p = 0.014), financial stressors with a shorter LOS (p = 0.031), and severe soft tissue injury with an increased total number of reconstructive surgeries (p = 0.039) and incomplete reconstruction (p = 0.031). There were no cases of suicidal recidivism. Conclusions: Reconstruction following facial SIGSW is challenging for both patient and surgeon, and carries a high rate of complications. However, patients can regain substantial function following reconstruction and the achievement of satisfactory outcomes.
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Vanezis, Maria, and Peter Vanezis. "Cranio-Facial Reconstruction in Forensic Identification — Historical Development and a Review of Current Practice." Medicine, Science and the Law 40, no. 3 (July 2000): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580240004000303.

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Cranio-facial reconstruction has its origins in the 19th century, initially to recreate and ‘bring back to life’ the faces of the rich and the famous. Since then, over the last 100 years, there have been various methods used to produce reconstructions for forensic identification as well as for historical or archaeological purposes. These range from the traditional sculpting methods to those based on up-to-date computer technology. When no other method of identification is available in skeletalized, badly mutilated or decomposing remains, forensic craniofacial reconstruction may be employed to produce a face which it is hoped will trigger recognition and thus lead to a positive identification. This paper discusses the role that cranio-facial reconstruction may play in identification and its limitations.
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Kim, Ryuck Seong, Changryul Yi, Hoon Soo Kim, Ho Yoon Jeong, and Yong Chan Bae. "Reconstruction of large facial defects using a combination of forehead flap and other procedures." Archives of Craniofacial Surgery 23, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2021.00381.

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Background: Reconstruction of large facial defects is challenging as both functional and cosmetic results must be considered. Reconstruction with forehead flaps on the face is advantageous; nonetheless, reconstruction of large defects with forehead flaps alone results in extensive scarring on the donor site. In our study, the results of reconstruction using a combination of forehead flaps and other techniques for large facial defects were evaluated.Methods: A total of 63 patients underwent reconstructive surgery using forehead flaps between February 2005 and June 2020 at our institution. Reconstruction of a large defect with forehead flaps alone has limitations; because of this, 22 patients underwent a combination of procedures and were selected as the subjects of this study. This study was retrospectively conducted by reviewing the patients’ medical records. Additional procedures included orbicularis oculi musculocutaneous (OOMC) V-Y advancement flap, cheek advancement flap, nasolabial V-Y advancement flap, grafting, and simultaneous application of two different techniques. Flap survival, complications, and recurrence of skin cancer were analyzed. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using questionnaires.Results: Along with reconstructive surgery using forehead flaps, nasolabial V-Y advancement flap was performed in nine patients, local advancement flap in three, OOMC V-Y advancement flap in two, grafting in five, and two different techniques in three patients. No patient developed flap loss; however, cancer recurred in two patients. The overall patient satisfaction was high.Conclusion: Reconstruction with a combination of forehead flaps and other techniques for large facial defects can be considered as both functionally and cosmetically reliable.
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Ramadan, Mohamad Rachadian, Parintosa Atmodiwirjo, and Amila Tikyayala. "Central Facial Soft-Tissue Defect Following Surgical Resection: An Algorithm for Reconstruction." Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi 9, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14228/jprjournal.v9i2.347.

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Background: Central facial soft tissue defect poses a unique challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. The three-dimensional properties of the aesthetic facial subunit and its related function are the goals for reconstruction. Considering the prominent social role of the face, the procedure to achieve a good quality of life for patients may cost more than a single surgery. This single-center study presents an algorithm of treatment for central facial soft tissue defect and it’s proposed classification according to the authors’ experiences. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records and photos of patients who underwent central facial soft tissue defect reconstruction in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from 2009 to 2019. Patients who underwent free flap reconstruction were followed up, and the primary outcomes were assessed using the FACE-Q head and neck cancer (FACE-Q H&N) scale. A classification system for central facial soft tissue defect with seven subtypes (1–7) based on the facial subunit and its treatment was proposed. Results: Twenty-five patients were included. The malignant tumor was the main etiology (88%), with basal cell carcinoma being the primary cancer pathology (64%). The average defect size was 120 cm2 (32-416 cm2) and most defects fell into subtype 6 of the classification (32%). Anterolateral thigh free flap (ALT) was the main flap of choice (64%), followed by radial forearm free flap (36%), with 92% of flaps succeeding rate from this series. All of the patients underwent at least one ancillary procedure following the reconstruction, while the average was 2 (1-6) procedures. FACE-Q H&N outcomes, especially on the appearance and appearance distress scale, showed a low to moderate score with a 72% response rate. Conclusions: Central facial soft-tissue defect continues to challenge reconstructive surgeons. While the advances in free tissue transfer might improve the general outcomes, the numerous and costly secondary procedures do not usually end up in the best appearance. This study displayed the need for modern reconstruction modalities that provide high satisfaction in aesthetic and functional outcomes with fewer secondary procedures. Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCAT) might be the future choice.
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Kaya, Yasemin, Umut Ozsoy, Murat Turhan, Doychin N. Angelov, and Levent Sarikcioglu. "Hypoglossal-Facial Nerve Reconstruction Using a Y-Tube-Conduit Reduces Aberrant Synkinetic Movements of the Orbicularis Oculi and Vibrissal Muscles in Rats." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/543020.

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The facial nerve is the most frequently damaged nerve in head and neck trauma. Patients undergoing facial nerve reconstruction often complain about disturbing abnormal synkinetic movements of the facial muscles (mass movements, synkinesis) which are thought to result from misguided collateral branching of regenerating motor axons and reinnervation of inappropriate muscles. Here, we examined whether use of an aorta Y-tube conduit during reconstructive surgery after facial nerve injury reduces synkinesis of orbicularis oris (blink reflex) and vibrissal (whisking) musculature. The abdominal aorta plus its bifurcation was harvested (N = 12) for Y-tube conduits. Animal groups comprised intact animals (Group 1), those receiving hypoglossal-facial nerve end-to-end coaptation alone (HFA; Group 2), and those receiving hypoglossal-facial nerve reconstruction using a Y-tube (HFA-Y-tube, Group 3). Videotape motion analysis at 4 months showed that HFA-Y-tube group showed a reduced synkinesis of eyelid and whisker movements compared to HFA alone.
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Chuang, Jessica, Christian Barnes, and Brian Wong. "Overview of Facial Plastic Surgery and Current Developments." Surgery Journal 02, no. 01 (February 4, 2016): e17-e28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1572360.

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Facial plastic surgery is a multidisciplinary specialty largely driven by otolaryngology but includes oral maxillary surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, and plastic surgery. It encompasses both reconstructive and cosmetic components. The scope of practice for facial plastic surgeons in the United States may include rhinoplasty, browlifts, blepharoplasty, facelifts, microvascular reconstruction of the head and neck, craniomaxillofacial trauma reconstruction, and correction of defects in the face after skin cancer resection. Facial plastic surgery also encompasses the use of injectable fillers, neural modulators (e.g., BOTOX Cosmetic, Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Westport, Ireland), lasers, and other devices aimed at rejuvenating skin. Facial plastic surgery is a constantly evolving field with continuing innovative advances in surgical techniques and cosmetic adjunctive technologies. This article aims to give an overview of the various procedures that encompass the field of facial plastic surgery and to highlight the recent advances and trends in procedures and surgical techniques.
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Kappos, E. A., P. E. Engels, R. Wettstein, D. J. Schaefer, and D. F. Kalbermatten. "Bovine Dermal Matrix as Coverage of Facial Nerve Grafts." Case Reports in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/512921.

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Introduction. Soft tissue defects over functional structures represent a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. Often complex, reconstructive procedures are required. Occasionally, elderly or sick patients do not qualify for these extensive procedures.Case. We present the case of a 91-year-old lady with large hemifacial defect with exposed bone and nerves after tumor resection. We first performed radical resection including the fascia of the temporalis muscle and the frontal branch of the facial nerve. Due to the moribund elderly patient with a potentially high perioperative risk, we decided against flap reconstruction but to use bovine collagen/elastin matrix and split thickness skin graft.Results. No postoperative complications occurred and STSG and matrix healed uneventfully.Discussion. In selected cases, where complex reconstruction is not appropriate, this procedure can be a safe, easy, and fast alternative for covering soft tissue defects even on wound grounds containing nerve grafts.
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Polley, John W., John A. Girotto, Matthew P. Fahrenkopf, Megan L. Dietze-Fiedler, Joshua P. Kelley, Joseph C. Taylor, Spiros A. Lazarou, and Neophytos C. Demetriades. "Salvage or Solution: Alloplastic Reconstruction in Hemifacial Microsomia." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 56, no. 7 (December 13, 2018): 896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665618817669.

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Introduction:Skeletal reconstruction in severe grades of hemifacial microsomia (HFM) continues to be challenging. Traditional techniques of autografts and osseous distraction for reconstruction of the glenoid fossa, condyle, and ramus can fall short of expectations and can create new problems. This intercontinental study analyzes the role of alloplastic skeletal rehabilitation in severe HFM.Methods:Ten consecutive patients with Pruzansky grade III HFM were reconstructed between October 2014 and July 2017 at 2 craniofacial centers following the same protocol. Data were gathered retrospectively from the medical records, including photographs and virtual planning records. Pre and postoperative photos were taken to compare occlusal status, interincisal opening, sagittal mandibular projection, and posterior facial height. Alloplastic reconstruction was accomplished using a custom designed titanium implant.Results:Ten consecutive skeletally mature patients with HFM with failed traditional reconstructions were successfully treated with virtually planned alloplastic reconstructions (11 joints) and simultaneous orthognathic surgery. The glenoid fossa, condyle, and ramus on the affected sides were reconstructed with custom designed titanium implants. All patients achieved occlusal stabilization, normalization of posterior facial height and sagittal mandibular projection, and maintenance or improved inter-incisal opening. There were no major complications or repeated surgeries. Follow-up ranges from 6 to 50 months.Conclusion:Alloplastic reconstruction allows for precise vertical reconstruction of the ramus and condyle and sagittal repositioning of the mandibular body. The glenoid fossa component is firmly anchored to the skull base assuring a stable centric relation on the reconstructed side. Consistent and acceptable results can be achieved in skeletally mature patients.
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Lium, Ola, Yong Bin Kwon, Antonios Danelakis, and Theoharis Theoharis. "Robust 3D Face Reconstruction Using One/Two Facial Images." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7090169.

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Being able to robustly reconstruct 3D faces from 2D images is a topic of pivotal importance for a variety of computer vision branches, such as face analysis and face recognition, whose applications are steadily growing. Unlike 2D facial images, 3D facial data are less affected by lighting conditions and pose. Recent advances in the computer vision field have enabled the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the production of 3D facial reconstructions from 2D facial images. This paper proposes a novel CNN-based method which targets 3D facial reconstruction from two facial images, one in front and one from the side, as are often available to law enforcement agencies (LEAs). The proposed CNN was trained on both synthetic and real facial data. We show that the proposed network was able to predict 3D faces in the MICC Florence dataset with greater accuracy than the current state-of-the-art. Moreover, a scheme for using the proposed network in cases where only one facial image is available is also presented. This is achieved by introducing an additional network whose task is to generate a rotated version of the original image, which in conjunction with the original facial image, make up the image pair used for reconstruction via the previous method.
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Jorquera, Marcelo S., Rafael Cenci, Mariana Daniele, Gonzalo Funes, Alberto Notti, and Marcos Formaggia. "Reconstrucción facial con colgajo de músculo temporal posexenteración orbitaria." Revista Argentina de Cirugía 109, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25132/raac.v109.n4.1290.es.

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