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Scholze, Stephan. "A probabilistic approach to building roof reconstruction /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14932.
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Tse, Rebecca. "Three-dimensional building reconstruction from raw LIDAR data." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2008. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/threedimensional-building-reconstruction-from-raw-lidar-data(d486c0a1-d4bd-4eb3-a81b-39ab0b23007e).html.
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Airborne Laser Scanning is an advanced surveying technology (also called Light Detection and Ranging - LIDAR) which mounts a laser scanner on an aircraft. The aircraft scans the Earth's surface and captures data by emitting and receiving light pulses transmitted onto the terrain objects. The captured data are in three dimensions (3D); however no extra information is provided to describe them. Additional algorithms are needed to extract meaningful and useful information from the data. The popularity of LIDAR has attracted attention as researchers try to develop algorithms for 3D building reconstruction in Geographical Information Systems. The limited information provided by the data makes building boundary and roof structure extractions become essential tasks when analysing the data. This research examines the limitations of different algorithms for extracting building outlines and remodelling roof structures from the LIDAR data solely, and suggests an alternative approach for reconstructing buildings using raw LIDAR data. Most of the current methods use additional data sources (e.g. cadastral data, aerial photos, or satellite images) and pre-defined building models to reconstruct 3D buildings. The extraction method proposed starts by re-sampling the captured data in a lower resolution index layer and the aim is to search for vertical wall segments which separate the high and low areas. The wall segments found are connected and modified to form closed building outlines and corners. The roof remodelling system suggested starts by creating a triangulation using the extracted data points which are inside the building boundaries. Three clustering methods are used to separate the triangles into groups which share the same properties (e.g. orientation and geographical location). Each group of triangles represents a plane on the roof. Plane to plane relationships are found, and the building corners and roof ridges are calculated by using the three planes intersection. Finally the building is reconstructed from the terrain model using a set of well-developed toolkits to extend the TIN model with preserved topological connectivity. Real LIDAR data are used to evaluate the capability and the validity of the developed algorithms. The data were captured in Bournemouth by the Ordnance Survey UK. In conclusion, several suggestions are made to improve the algorithms for future development.
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Heleta, Savo. "Post-war reconstruction and development: a collective case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008049.
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Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a surge in post-war stabilisation, reconstruction and development operations around the world. Externally driven efforts have been shaped by the liberal peace framework, which assumes that a rapid transmission or imposition of neo-liberal norms and values, combined with Western-style governance institutions, would create conditions for lasting peace and prosperity. Only in a few instances countries have attempted internally driven post-war reconstruction and development; in most cases, these efforts were either ignored or suppressed by international analysts, experts, academics and organisations. Despite all the expertise and funding spent since the early 1990s, externally driven operations have not led to lasting peace and stability, establishment of functioning institutions, eradication of poverty, livelihood improvements and economic reconstruction and development in war-torn countries. All too often, programmes, policies and „solutions‟ were designed and imposed by external actors either because they worked elsewhere or because they were influenced by geopolitical, economic and/or security interests of powerful countries. Furthermore, external actors have tended to assume that generic approaches based on the liberal peace framework can work in all places, while ignoring local actors, contexts and knowledge. Focusing on Bosnia and Herzegovina, South Sudan and Somaliland, this exploratory qualitative study critically explores and assesses both externally and internally driven post-war reconstruction and development practices and operations in order to understand the strengths and shortcomings of both approaches and offer recommendations for future improvements. This is important since socio-economic recovery and economic development are crucial for lasting stability and peace in post-war countries.
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Hyatt, Marian M. "Adaptive reuse architecture : reconciling building and time." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23112.
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Ma, Ruijin. "Building model reconstruction from lidar data and aerial photographs /." Ann Arbor : UMI Dissertation Services, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1104114425.
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Al-Abadi, Ghalib. "Re-building a nation-state : Iraq's reconstruction after Saddam." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17135.
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This is a study of the development of post-war Iraq after the downfall of former President Saddam Hussein in 2003. The thesis examines the actions and consequences of the coalition led by the United States to facilitate the re-construction of Iraq as a democratic nation-state. The thesis examines the geo-political, economic and ideological motivations behind the US actions in Iraq in order to explain why the coalition plans to reconstruct the country along the lines of a democratic nation-state have failed so profoundly. The thesis develops a typology of policies that lead to successful nation-state building in post-authoritarian and post-conflict scenarios and applies this typology to the actual policies implemented by the US-led coalition after the fall of Saddam in 2003. The thesis illustrates that many of the policies implemented by the coalition undermined successful nation-state building. These policies failed to ensure the security and stability of Iraq after the invasion and thereby hampered economic development. Rather than re-defining Iraqi nationhood in democratic terms, the implemented policies enshrined ethno-sectarian divisions in the political landscape and in the social fabric of Iraq. The new Iraqi state lacked a stable constitutional and legal foundation and a functioning judiciary to ensure the rule of law. Finally, the political order established by the US-led coalition is marred by partisan conflicts and Kurdish independence tendencies which weaken the central government and the operation of its various departments and further threaten the territorial integrity of the Iraqi state. The thesis argues - based on evidence gathered through a nation-wide survey, in-depth interviews with influential stakeholders in the public sectors and other material - that Iraq after 2003 has become a failed state.
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Ma, Ruijin. "Building model reconstruction from lidar data and aerial photographs." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1104114425.
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Rivera, Corban G. "Automatic Reconstruction of the Building Blocks of Molecular Interaction Networks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28752.
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High-throughput whole-genome biological assays are highly intricate and difficult to interpret. The molecular interaction networks generated from evaluation of those experiments suggest that cellular functions are carried out by modules of interacting molecules. Reverse-engineering the modular structure of cellular interaction networks has the promise of significantly easing their analysis.
We hypothesize that:- cellular wiring diagrams can be decomposed into overlapping modules, where each module is a set of coherently-interacting molecules and
- a cell responds to a stress or a stimulus by appropriately modulating the activities of a subset of these modules.
- Given a wiring diagram and genome-wide gene expression data measured after the application of a stress or in a disease state, compute the active network of molecular interactions perturbed by the stress or the disease.
- Given the active networks for multiple stresses, stimuli, or diseases, compute a set of network legos, which are molecular modules with the property that each active network can be expressed as an appropriate combination of a subset of modules.
Ph. D.
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Rohr, Karl C. "Progressive reconstruction a methodology for stabilization and reconstruction operations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FRohr.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Karen Guttieri. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100). Also available in print.
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Mushtare, Jeremy S. "PSYPO in stabilization and reconstruction operations : preparing for Korean reunification /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FMushtare.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Stabilization and Reconstruction))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Douglas R. Porch. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-127). Also available online.
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Peter, Michael [Verfasser], and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Fritsch. "Crowd-sourced reconstruction of building interiors / Michael Peter ; Betreuer: Dieter Fritsch." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111836838X/34.
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Nurdan, Kıvanç. "Data acquisition, event building and signal reconstruction for Compton camera imaging." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979142636.
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Münster, Sandra, and Florian Niebling. "Building a Wiki resource on digital 3D reconstruction related knowledge assets." TUDpress, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33983.
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Purpose – While single theoretical approaches related to visual humanities research and in particular digital 3D reconstruction – as the virtual, interpretative 3D modeling and visualization of historical objects – are widely described in compendia like Wikipedia, and various publications discuss approaches from certain disciplinary perspectives, a comprehensive and multidisciplinary systematization is still missing. Against this background, the research activity described within this article is intended to gain a wide and multidisciplinary overview for research approaches, theories, and methods which are relevant to investigate or explain knowledge-related phenomena in the context of visual humanities research and education.
Design/methodology/approach – To meet these interests we intend to set up a Wiki resource as a structured repository. The content will be based on (a) interactive workshops held at conferences to collect and structure knowledge assets on visual knowledge involving experts from different domains. Moreover, (b) a student seminar starting in early 2017 is designated to describe some typical research designs as well as amend related methods and theories in the Wiki resource based on Wikipedia articles. A content structuring principle for the Wiki resource follows the guidelines of Wikimedia as well as plans for the results to be populated again in Wikipedia.
Originality/value – While Wiki approaches are frequently used in the context of visual humanities, these resources are primarily created by experts. Furthermore, Wiki-based approaches related to visualization are often focused on a certain disciplinary context as, for example, art history. A unique aspect of the described setting is to build a Wiki on digital 3D reconstruction including expertise from different knowledge domains – i.e. on perception and cognition, didactics, information sciences, as well as computing and visual humanities. Moreover, the combination of student work and assessments by experts also provides novel insights for educational research.
Practical implications – The intended product is a comprehensive and multidisciplinary structured repository on digital 3D reconstruction research approaches, methods, theories, publication bodies, and good practice examples. The editing of the project results into the Wikipedia will lead to a wide dissemination and visibility of group activities and outcomes as well as enhance competencies of all contributors on collaborative work.
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Beder, Christian. "Grouping uncertain oriented projective geometric entities with application to automatic building reconstruction." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98270528X.
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McClune, Andrew Philip. "Automatic reconstruction of three-dimensional building models from dense image matching datasets." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3829.
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The generation of three-dimensional (3D) building models without roof geometry is currently easily automated using a building footprint and single height value. The automatic reconstruction of roof structures, however, remains challenging because of the complexity and variability in building geometry. Attempts from imagery have utilised high spatial resolution but have only reconstructed simple geometry. This research addresses the complexity of roof geometry reconstruction by developing an approach, which focuses on the extraction of corners to reconstruct 3D buildings as boundary representation models, to try overcome the limitations of planar fitting procedures, which are currently favoured. Roof geometry information was extracted from surface models, true orthophotos and photogrammetric point clouds; reconstructed at the same spatial resolution of the captured aerial imagery, with developments in pixel-to-pixel matching. Edges of roof planes were extracted by the Canny edge detector, and then refined with a workflow based on the principles of scan-line segmentation to remove false positive detection. Line tracing procedures defined the corner positions of the extracted edges. A connectivity ruleset was developed, which searches around the endpoints of unconnected lines, testing for potential connecting corners. All unconnected lines were then removed reconstruct 3D models as a closed network of connecting roof corners. Building models have been reconstructed both as block models and also with roof structures. The methodology was tested on data of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, with results showing corner extraction success at 75% and to within a planimetric accuracy of ±0.5 m. The methodology was then tested on data of Vaihingen, Germany, which forms part of the ISPRS 3D reconstruction benchmark. This allowed direct comparisons to be made with other methods. The results from both study areas showed similar planimetric accuracy of extracted corners. However, both sites were not as successful in the reconstruction of roof planes.
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Hajjdiab, Hassan. "Vision-based localization, map building and obstacle reconstruction in ground plane environments." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29109.
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The work described in this thesis develops the theory of 3D obstacle reconstruction and map building problems in the context of a robot, or a team of robots, equipped with one camera mounted on board. The study is composed of many problems representing the different phases of actions taken by the robot.
This thesis first studies the problem of image matching for wide baseline images taken by moving robots. The ground plane is detected and the inter-image homography induced by the ground plane is calculated. A novel technique for ground plane matching is introduced using the overhead view transformation.
The thesis then studies the simultaneous localization and map building (SLAM) problem for a team of robots collaborating in the same work site. A vision-based technique is introduced in this thesis to solve the SLAM problem.
The third problem studied in this thesis is the 3D obstacle reconstruction of the obstacles lying on the ground surface. In this thesis a Geometric/Variational level set method is proposed to reconstruct the obstacles detected by the robots.
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Boulch, Alexandre. "Reconstruction automatique de maquettes numériques 3D." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1099/document.
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La maquette numérique de bâtiment est un outil nouveau et en plein essor dans les métiers de la construction. Elle centralise les informations et facilite la communication entre les acteurs : évaluation des coûts, simulations physiques, présentations virtuelles, suivis de travaux, etc. Si une maquette numérique est désormais utilisée pour les grands chantiers de bâtiments nouveaux, il n'en existe pas en revanche pour la plupart des bâtiments déjà construits. Or, avec le vieillissement du parc immobilier et le développement du marché de la rénovation, la maquette numérique serait une aide considérable pour des bâtiments anciens. Des techniques de reconstruction plus ou moins automatique ont été développées ces dernières années, à base de mesures laser ou de photogrammétrie. Les lasers, précis et denses, sont chers mais restent abordables pour les industriels, tandis que la photogrammétrie, souvent moins précise et moins fiable dans les zones uniformes (p.ex. les murs), est beaucoup plus bon marché. Mais la plupart des approches s'arrêtent à la reconstruction de surfaces, sans produire de maquettes numériques. À la géométrie doit cependant s'ajouter des informations sémantiques décrivant les éléments de la scène. L'objectif de cette thèse est de fournir un cadre de reconstruction de maquettes numériques, à la fois en ce qui concerne la géométrie et la sémantique, à partir de nuages de points. Pour cela, plusieurs étapes sont proposées. Elles s'inscrivent dans un processus d'enrichissement des données, depuis les points jusqu'à la maquette numérique finale. Dans un premier temps, un estimateur de normales pour les nuages de points est défini. Basé sur une transformée de Hough robuste, il permet de retrouver correctement les normales, y compris dans les zones anguleuses et s'adapte à l'anisotropie des données. Dans un second temps, des primitives géométriques sont extraites du nuage de points avec leur normales. Afin d'identifier les primitives identiques existantes en cas de sur-segmentation, nous développons un critère statistique robuste et général pour l'identification de formes, ne requérant qu'une fonction distance entre points et formes. Ensuite, une surface planaire par morceaux est reconstruite. Des hypothèses de plans pour les zones visibles et les parties cachées sont générées et insérées dans un arrangement. La surface est extraite avec une nouvelle régularisation sur le nombre de coins et la longueur des arêtes. L'utilisation d'une formulation linéaire permet, après relaxation continue, d'extraire efficacement une surface proche de l'optimum. Enfin, nous proposons une approche basée sur des grammaires attribuées avec contraintes pour l'enrichissement sémantique de modèles 3D. Cette méthode est bottom-up : nous partons des données pour construire des objets de complexité croissante. La possible explosion combinatoire est gérée efficacement via l'introduction d'opérateurs maximaux et d'un ordre pour l'instanciation des variablesThe interest for digital models in the building industry is growing rapidly. These centralize all the information concerning the building and facilitate communication between the players of construction : cost evaluation, physical simulations, virtual presentations, building lifecycle management, site supervision, etc. Although building models now tend to be used for large projects of new constructions, there is no such models for existing building. In particular, old buildings do not enjoy digital 3D model and information whereas they would benefit the most from them, e.g., to plan cost-effective renovation that achieves good thermal performance. Such 3D models are reconstructed from the real building. Lately a number of automatic reconstruction methods have been developed either from laser or photogrammetric data. Lasers are precise and produce dense point clouds. Their price have greatly reduced in the past few years, making them affordable for industries. Photogrammetry, often less precise and failing in uniform regions (e.g. bare walls), is a lot cheaper than the lasers. However most approaches only reconstruct a surface from point clouds, not a semantically rich building model. A building information model is the alliance of a geometry and a semantics for the scene elements. The main objective of this thesis is to define a framework for digital model production regarding both geometry and semantic, using point clouds as an entry. The reconstruction process is divided in four parts, gradually enriching information, from the points to the final digital mockup. First, we define a normal estimator for unstructured point clouds based on a robust Hough transform. It allows to estimate accurate normals, even near sharp edges and corners, and deals with the anisotropy inherent to laser scans. Then, primitives such as planes are extracted from the point cloud. To avoid over-segmentation issues, we develop a general and robust statistical criterion for shape merging. It only requires a distance function from points to shapes. A piecewise-planar surface is then reconstructed. Planes hypothesis for visible and hidden parts of the scene are inserted in a 3D plane arrangement. Cells of the arrangement are labelled full or empty using a new regularization on corner count and edge length. A linear formulation allow us to efficiently solve this labelling problem with a continuous relaxation. Finally, we propose an approach based on constrained attribute grammars for 3D model semantization. This method is entirely bottom-up. We prevent the possible combinatorial explosion by introducing maximal operators and an order on variable instantiation
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Reed, Erin Rachel. "Domestic Capacities for Building Post-Conflict Peace." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/22.
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The existing democratization and peacebuilding literature often neglects the important role the domestic realm plays in post-conflict peacebuilding. To explain why some post-conflict peacebuilding operations have a greater likelihood of success than others, some scholars have examined the impact of factors such as international coordination, external donor interest, democratic sequencing, and hostility levels. This analysis focuses on domestic capacities for building peace in the aftermath of civil conflict in order to systematically explore the relationship between the domestic sphere and peacebuilding success. Using Sambanis and Doyle’s (2006) peacebuilding triangle model, new local capacities indexes will be created and tested.
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Usta, Ali Deniz. "The Reconstruction Of The Past In The Process Of Nation Building In Kazakhstan." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608897/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, the purpose is to analyze the path that the nation building process in Kazakhstan has been following in the post-Soviet period through examining the various policies implemented and the official rhetoric and discourses stated by the Kazakh policymakers. The ethno-symbolist approach of Anthony D. Smith and the views of Walker Connor and Willfried Spohn on nationalism and national identity have been utilized in the analysis of the research. The Soviet Nationalities Policy is examined to be able to better understand the post-Soviet nation-building, because the policies implemented under this comprehensive project, which had been outlined by the Bolsheviks, had deep political, cultural, demographic and linguistic impacts on the process in Kazakhstan. The ethnic situation has also been laid down in order to highlight under which ethnic circumstances the nation building process has been taking place. After analyzing the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the post-Soviet policies about language, education, employment, culture and national symbols, the statements of the President Nursultan Nazarbayev and the move of capital, this study claims that post-Soviet nation building process and nationalism in Kazakhstan have both ethnic and civic components whereby the nation building process in Kazakhstan is a more ethnic process than it is civic.
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Brockett, Margaret Marion. "Building trustworthy relationships, a reconstruction of ethics education for the health care professions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28319.pdf.
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Nilsson, Mats. "Building Reconstruction of Digital Height Models with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorseende, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148886.
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Data about the earth is increasing in value and demand from customers, but itis difficult to produce accurately and cheap. This thesis examines if it is possible to take low resolution and distorted 3D data and increase the accuracy of building geometry by performing building reconstruction. Building reconstruction is performed with a Markov chain Monte Carlo method where building primitives are placed iteratively until a good fit is found. The digital height model and pixel classification used is produced by Vricon. The method is able to correctly place primitive models, but often overestimate their dimensions by about 15%.
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Papadopoulos, Georgios. "Towards a 3D building reconstruction using spatial multisource data and computational intelligence techniques." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0084/document.
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La reconstruction de bâtiments à partir de photographies aériennes et d’autres données spatiales urbaines multi-sources est une tâche qui utilise une multitude de méthodes automatisées et semi-automatisées allant des processus ponctuels au traitement classique des images et au balayage laser. Dans cette thèse, un système de relaxation itératif est développé sur la base de l'examen du contexte local de chaque bord en fonction de multiples sources d'entrée spatiales (masques optiques, d'élévation, d'ombre et de feuillage ainsi que d'autres données prétraitées, décrites au chapitre 6). Toutes ces données multisource et multirésolution sont fusionnées de manière à extraire les segments de ligne probables ou les arêtes correspondant aux limites des bâtiments. Deux nouveaux sous-systèmes ont également été développés dans cette thèse. Ils ont été conçus dans le but de fournir des informations supplémentaires, plus fiables, sur les contours des bâtiments dans une future version du système de relaxation proposé. La première est une méthode de réseau de neurones à convolution profonde (CNN) pour la détection de frontières de construction. Le réseau est notamment basé sur le modèle SRCNN (Dong C. L., 2015) de super-résolution à la pointe de la technologie. Il accepte des photographies aériennes illustrant des données de zones urbaines densément peuplées ainsi que leurs cartes d'altitude numériques (DEM) correspondantes. La formation utilise trois variantes de cet ensemble de données urbaines et vise à détecter les contours des bâtiments grâce à une nouvelle cartographie hétéroassociative super-résolue. Une autre innovation de cette approche est la conception d'une couche de perte personnalisée modifiée appelée Top-N. Dans cette variante, l'erreur quadratique moyenne (MSE) entre l'image de sortie reconstruite et l'image de vérité de sol (GT) fournie des contours de bâtiment est calculée sur les 2N pixels de l'image avec les valeurs les plus élevées. En supposant que la plupart des N pixels de contour de l’image GT figurent également dans les 2N pixels supérieurs de la reconstruction, cette modification équilibre les deux catégories de pixels et améliore le comportement de généralisation du modèle CNN. Les expériences ont montré que la fonction de coût Top-N offre des gains de performance par rapport à une MSE standard. Une amélioration supplémentaire de la capacité de généralisation du réseau est obtenue en utilisant le décrochage. Le deuxième sous-système est un réseau de convolution profonde à super-résolution, qui effectue un mappage associatif à entrée améliorée entre les images d'entrée à basse résolution et à haute résolution. Ce réseau a été formé aux données d’altitude à basse résolution et aux photographies urbaines optiques à haute résolution correspondantes. Une telle différence de résolution entre les images optiques / satellites optiques et les données d'élévation est souvent le cas dans les applications du monde réelBuilding reconstruction from aerial photographs and other multi-source urban spatial data is a task endeavored using a plethora of automated and semi-automated methods ranging from point processes, classic image processing and laser scanning. In this thesis, an iterative relaxation system is developed based on the examination of the local context of each edge according to multiple spatial input sources (optical, elevation, shadow & foliage masks as well as other pre-processed data as elaborated in Chapter 6). All these multisource and multiresolution data are fused so that probable line segments or edges are extracted that correspond to prominent building boundaries.Two novel sub-systems have also been developed in this thesis. They were designed with the purpose to provide additional, more reliable, information regarding building contours in a future version of the proposed relaxation system. The first is a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) method for the detection of building borders. In particular, the network is based on the state of the art super-resolution model SRCNN (Dong C. L., 2015). It accepts aerial photographs depicting densely populated urban area data as well as their corresponding digital elevation maps (DEM). Training is performed using three variations of this urban data set and aims at detecting building contours through a novel super-resolved heteroassociative mapping. Another innovation of this approach is the design of a modified custom loss layer named Top-N. In this variation, the mean square error (MSE) between the reconstructed output image and the provided ground truth (GT) image of building contours is computed on the 2N image pixels with highest values . Assuming that most of the N contour pixels of the GT image are also in the top 2N pixels of the re-construction, this modification balances the two pixel categories and improves the generalization behavior of the CNN model. It is shown in the experiments, that the Top-N cost function offers performance gains in comparison to standard MSE. Further improvement in generalization ability of the network is achieved by using dropout.The second sub-system is a super-resolution deep convolutional network, which performs an enhanced-input associative mapping between input low-resolution and high-resolution images. This network has been trained with low-resolution elevation data and the corresponding high-resolution optical urban photographs. Such a resolution discrepancy between optical aerial/satellite images and elevation data is often the case in real world applications. More specifically, low-resolution elevation data augmented by high-resolution optical aerial photographs are used with the aim of augmenting the resolution of the elevation data. This is a unique super-resolution problem where it was found that many of -the proposed general-image SR propositions do not perform as well. The network aptly named building super resolution CNN (BSRCNN) is trained using patches extracted from the aforementioned data. Results show that in comparison with a classic bicubic upscale of the elevation data the proposed implementation offers important improvement as attested by a modified PSNR and SSIM metric. In comparison, other proposed general-image SR methods performed poorer than a standard bicubic up-scaler.Finally, the relaxation system fuses together all these multisource data sources comprising of pre-processed optical data, elevation data, foliage masks, shadow masks and other pre-processed data in an attempt to assign confidence values to each pixel belonging to a building contour. Confidence is augmented or decremented iteratively until the MSE error fails below a specified threshold or a maximum number of iterations have been executed. The confidence matrix can then be used to extract the true building contours via thresholding
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Jimenez, Jose Manuel. "Feasibility of the SIMSUPER simulation model in the renovation of building projects." Link to electronic version, 1999. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-052699-142450/unrestricted/thesis.pdf.
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Njanga, Laura Bryant. "Building the capacity for peace after genocide the reconstruction of formal education in Rwanda /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3414.
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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 105. Thesis director: Ho-won Jeong. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conflict Analysis and Resolution. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 16, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-104). Also issued in print.
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Edum-Fotwe, Kwamina. "Procedural reconstruction of architectural parametric models from airborne and ground laser scans." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767574.
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This research addresses the problem of efficiently and robustly reconstructing semantically-rich 3D architectural models from laser-scanned point-clouds. It first covers the pre-existing literature and industrial developments in active-sensing, 3D reconstruction of the built-environment and procedural modelling. It then documents a number of novel contributions to the classical problems of change-detection between temporally varying multi-modal geometric representations and automatic 3D asset creation from airborne and ground point-clouds of buildings. Finally this thesis outlines on-going research and avenues for continued investigation - most notably fully automatic temporal update and revision management for city-scale CAD models via data-driven procedural modelling from point-clouds. In short this thesis documents the outcomes of a research project whose primary aim was to engineer fast, accurate and sparse building reconstruction algorithms. Formally: this thesis puts forward the hypothesis (and advocates) that architectural reconstruction from actively-sensed point-clouds can be addressed more efficiently and affording greater control (over the geometric results) - via deterministic procedurally-driven analysis and optimisation than via stochastic sampling.
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Sumer, Emre. "Automatic Reconstruction Of Photorealistic 3-d Building Models From Satellite And Ground-level Images." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613131/index.pdf.
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This study presents an integrated framework for the automatic generation of the photorealistic 3-d building models from satellite and ground-level imagery. First, the 2-d building patches and the corresponding footprints are extracted from a high resolution imagery using an adaptive fuzzy-genetic
algorithm approach. Next, the photorealistic facade textures are automatically extracted from the single ground-level building images using a developed approach, which includes facade image extraction, rectification, and occlusion removal. Finally, the textured 3-d building models are generated
automatically by mapping the corresponding textures onto the facades of the models.
The developed 2-d building extraction and delineation approach was implemented on a selected urban area of the Batikent district of Ankara, Turkey. The building regions were extracted with an approximate detection rate of 93%. Moreover, the overall delineation accuracy was computed to be 3.9 meters. The developed concept for facade image extraction was tested on two distinct datasets. The facade image extraction accuracies were computed to be 82% and 81% for the Batikent and eTrims datasets, respectively. As to rectification results, 60% and 80% of the facade images
provided errors under ten pixels for the Batikent and eTrims datasets, respectively. In the evaluation of occlusion removal, the average scores were computed to be 2.58 and 2.28 for the Batikent and eTrims datasets, respectively. The scores are ranked between 1 (Excellent) to 6 (Unusable).
The modeling of the total 110 single buildings with the photorealistic textures took about 50 minutes of processor running time and yielded a satisfactory level of accuracy.
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Ochmann, Sebastian Klaus [Verfasser]. "Automatic Reconstruction of Parametric, Volumetric Building Models from 3D Point Clouds / Sebastian Klaus Ochmann." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188731599/34.
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Beder, Christian [Verfasser]. "Grouping Uncertain Oriented Projective Geometric Entities with Application to Automatic Building Reconstruction / Christian Beder." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197798889/34.
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Holland, Alyssa. "The Reconstruction of Historical Buildings: A Visitor and Historical Site Study." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2638.
Full textAbstract:
The reconstruction of historical buildings has been debated by preservationists, archeologists and historians, both with each other and within their own fields. But no matter how intensely scholars discuss and disagree on the subject, professionals at historic sites still continue to reconstruct historical buildings. The questions surrounding historical reconstruction include: is it ethical to reconstruct historical buildings? Is it worthwhile to reconstruct historical buildings for the benefit of the general public? I surveyed historical site workers from across the country and visitors from Red Hill National Memorial, the last home of Patrick Henry. From the survey, visitors seem to remember where they have seen reconstructions, sometimes what happened to the original buildings and learn about the history and preservation of the historic location. Sites that continue to reconstruct and follow all the preservation laws and regulations and inform the public on why the site reconstructed the building(s) are getting it right.
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Buldanlioglu, Sahin Selver. "Building the State and the Nation in Kosovo and East TimorAfter Conflict." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science and Communication, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3328.
Full textAbstract:
The study of externally-led democratisation in conflict-affected societies has expanded over the last two decades. The introduction of democracy from the outside has attracted extensive scholarly interest in accordance with the increasing engagement of the United Nations and other international agents in attempting to build long-lasting domestic, regional and international peace through promoting democratic forms of government in the post-Cold War era. The studies conducted to investigate democratisation in post-conflict societies have focused on the construction of government institutions and transferring necessary institutional competencies due to the fact that externally-driven democratisation policies target the state rather than the nation. In this respect, some studies undertaken to examine the process of democratisation in post-conflict societies pointed to the need for sequencing of tasks such as establishing security, law and order and building strong and capable government institutions in the first place. Their focus, however, has still remained on the state rather than the nation. Through examining two case studies, this thesis emphasises two significant points: 1) achieving successful democratic transformation in conflict-affected societies requires not only the construction of functioning central state institutions but also the creation of a shared sense of national community; and 2) sequencing of post-conflict reconstruction tasks therefore should also involve building a sense of national cohesion through promoting social communication, participation and inclusion in political, institutional and social processes while postponing the competitive or potentially conflictual aspects of democracy.
The need to integrate the creation of a sense of shared national community into studies of democracy promotion in societies emerging from conflict stems from the fact that the reconstruction of post-conflict societies involves two separate but complementary and interacting processes. These processes were examined under two headings: state-building and nation-building.
The construction of well-functioning, effective government institutions and the achievement of a sense of national community were found to be vital, inter-connected factors to consolidate democratic rule promoted by external actors. The lack of or a weak sense of social cohesion has an undermining effect on the capacity of state institutions to exercise authority and effectively and democratically perform their roles and duties. Failing to deliver their functions to the public and exercise political authority throughout the entire territory, weak state institutions, in return, do not provide a suitable environment for consolidating democratic rule, which requires the execution of the rule of law and protection and guaranteeing of citizens’ political rights.
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Timilsina, Anga. "Getting the policies right the prioritization and sequencing of policies in post-conflict countries /." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2007. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD222/.
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Yeung, Fai-leung, and 楊輝良. "Rehabilitation decisions in Urban Renewal Authority's Building Rehabilitation Loan Scheme." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4500951X.
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Cubitt, P. Christine. "Sierra Leone's post-conflict reconstruction : a study of the challenges for building long term peace." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4859.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this research was to understand the civil war in Sierra Leone and its antecedents, and to analyse the package of reconstruction reforms which came along in the post-war era and their relevance for and impact on the local challenges for longer term peace. Continued corruption among the political class, the persistent disenfranchisement of important social groups, and emerging tensions along political party lines suggested that, ten years on from the Lomé Peace Accord, there may have been a malaise in the peacebuilding plan. To investigate the complex issues, and to support the hypothesis that the model for reconstruction was not best suited to local conditions and local priorities, the work first made a deep interrogation of the historic political, cultural and economic factors which led to the violent conflict. This scrutiny of the local experience allowed the conceptualisation of a germane 'framework for peace' which represented the most pressing priorities of the local community and the central challenges for peace. The framework reflected the main concerns of the local populace and was used as an analytical tool to better understand the relevance of the model for reconstruction vis-à-vis the local context. Through a critical analysis of the post-war reforms and their impact on the social dimensions of recovery, in particular macro-economic reforms and the promotion of democracy, conclusions were drawn about the appropriateness and efficacy of the model of reconstruction experienced in Sierra Leone and how it supported local priorities for peace. The enquiry found that, in general, the model for reconstruction was not best suited to the local context because of its inflexibility to support the local peacebuilding and its many challenges. In some ways the model for reconstruction heightened residual tensions from the conflict because it failed to address key issues for reform such as governance and social justice.
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Stewart, Elizabeth. "Historic building reconstruction since c1877 : the creation of popular images of the Age of Transition." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30805.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to understand how have past practices in historic building reconstruction have evolved since the late nineteenth century. Alterations which aim to make buildings appear as they did at some time in their history have been termed reconstruction. Reconstruction can vary in scale from simple redecoration to the complete dismantling and rebuilding of a structure. This thesis traces the history of the reconstruction of historic buildings between the late nineteenth century and the present day. This topic is studied through the use of one hundred and fifteen example buildings, broadly dating from the period known as the Age of Transition, 1400-1600. Though analysis of the works undertaken at these buildings, patterns in the types of reconstruction carried out at different times have been identified. The buildings have been analysed and photographed, and archival resources have been utilised to identify when and for what purposes different works were undertaken on them. The thesis has been structured to analyse building reconstruction in relation to some potentially influential factors. The impacts of changing philosophies, different institutions, organisations or individuals, the wider conservation movements, interest in authenticity and the notion of Englishness, have all been considered. This historical overview is then used to suggest ways in which future building reconstruction could consider the recent history of buildings in reconstruction and interpretation. Graphical representations are used to model some of the cumulative impacts of reconstruction on the images of historic buildings in the present.
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Surdokienė, Rūta. "Rekonstruojamų visuomeninių pastatų architektūros ir konstrukcinių sprendinių ypatumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110613_125047-13988.
Full textAbstract:
Baigiamajame magistro darbe analizuojami visuomeninių pastatų eksploatacijos periodai, vertės kitimo priežastys ir pasekmės, nusidėvėjimo tipai, pastatų gyvavimo trukmės teoriniai ir statistiniai duomenys bei jų reikšmė Lietuvai. Apibendrinamas ir pateikiamas visuomeninių pastatų Lietuvoje konversijos pagrindimas, tikslas ir reikšmė. Išskiriama ekologijos ir darnios statybos plėtros reikšmė visuomeninių pastatų rekonstrukcijos procese. Suformuluojama optimaliai visuomeninių pastatų konversijai įtaką darančių veiksnių bei motyvų schema. Atlikta pasirinktų XX a. pab. Europos ir kitose pasaulio šalyse konvertuotų visuomeninių pastatų architektūros ir konstrukcinių sprendinių analizė. Nagrinėjami šiuolaikiški ir modernūs pastatų rekonstrukcijos metodai. Remiantis teoriniais visuomeninių pastatų konversijos aspektais, analizuojama idėjinė kino teatro ,,Lietuva“ konversijos schema, atsižvelgiant į sociologinius, ekonominius, funkcinius, estetinius, darnaus vystymo principus, pateikiami pastato konversijos sklypo plano, architektūros, funkcinės, konstrukcijų dalies sprendinių pasiūlymai. Darbą sudaro įvadas, analitinė – metodinė, eksperimentinė tiriamoji, eksperimentinė projektinė dalys, išvados, naudotos literatūros sąrašas, priedai. Darbo apimtis – 65 psl. teksto be priedų, 36 iliustracijos, 35 bibliografiniai šaltiniai, 2 priedai.The main thesis of the exploitation periods of public buildings, causes and consequences of building value changes, depreciations types and possible theoretical and statistics appliance with their importance for Lithuania are analyzd in the final master‘s study. The summarized substantiation, purpose and meaning of public building conversion is given. The environment and sustainable developments for the construction of public buildins reconstruction process are excluded. The combination of factors and reasons scheme for public building conversion process optimization is formulated. Modern architectural and structural solutions of selected converted public buildings in twentieth century end in Europe and other countries were analysed. Based on the theoretical aspects of the conversion of public buildings, ideological analysis of cinema building ,,Lietuva“ conversion landscape, architecture, functions, structural solutions deals scheme with sociological, economic, functional, aesthetic, sustainable development are made. The conclusion of analysis are formulated and recommendations for futher scientific researches are presented. The final paper consists of 65 p. exploratory text without appendixes (an introduction, analysis – methodological, experimental research, experimental design sections, conclusion), 36 pictures, 35 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.
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Chan, Jennifer Pon. "User guided reconstruction of architectural buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76835.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-72).
Evaluating the current structural stability of historical buildings is a challenging task. Even the stability and structure of the original architecture is often poorly understood and difficult to calculate. Using a laser point cloud scan as a template from which to base the geometric reconstruction, we can more accurately capture the current state of the cathedral. In order to analyze the structural stability, the building must be discretized into a collection of adjacent geometric primitives. We have created a system that allows a user to do a 3D reconstruction of these historical buildings, particularly cathedrals, by fitting geometric primitives to the point cloud scan. There are three major components to aid the user in reconstructing the architecture: the user interface, data visualization, and the geometric fitting algorithm. The system efficiently renders the point cloud from which the user can then select portions of the point cloud to model. After the user provides a rough estimate of the geometry, the geometric fitting algorithm snaps the selected geometry to the user's point cloud selection. Once the cathedral is constructed and geometries are adjacent, we can evaluate the forces using structural gradients and predict changes to the geometry to form a more stable structure. Our program allows users to output volumetric 3D models with adjacent blocks such that the structural stability may be evaluated.
by Jennifer Pon Chan.
M.Eng.
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Cubitt, P. Christine. "Sierra Leone`s post-conflict reconstruction: a study of the challenges for building long term peace." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4859.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this research was to understand the civil war in Sierra Leone and its antecedents, and to analyse the package of reconstruction reforms which came along in the post-war era and their relevance for and impact on the local challenges for longer term peace. Continued corruption among the political class, the persistent disenfranchisement of important social groups, and emerging tensions along political party lines suggested that, ten years on from the Lomé Peace Accord, there may have been a malaise in the peacebuilding plan.
To investigate the complex issues, and to support the hypothesis that the model for reconstruction was not best suited to local conditions and local priorities, the work first made a deep interrogation of the historic political, cultural and economic factors which led to the violent conflict. This scrutiny of the local experience allowed the conceptualisation of a germane ¿framework for peace` which represented the most pressing priorities of the local community and the central challenges for peace. The framework reflected the main concerns of the local populace and was used as an analytical tool to better understand the relevance of the model for reconstruction vis-à-vis the local context. Through a critical analysis of the post-war reforms and their impact on the social dimensions of recovery, in particular macro-economic reforms and the promotion of democracy, conclusions were drawn about the appropriateness and efficacy of the model of reconstruction experienced in Sierra Leone and how it supported local priorities for peace.
The enquiry found that, in general, the model for reconstruction was not best suited to the local context because of its inflexibility to support the local peacebuilding and its many challenges. In some ways the model for reconstruction heightened residual tensions from the conflict because it failed to address key issues for reform such as governance and social justice.Economic and Social Research Council
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Dill, Kathleen Elizabeth. "Mediated pasts, negotiated futures : human rights and social reconstruction in a Maya community /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Swenson, Geoffrey Jon. "Addressing crises of order : judicial state-building in the wake of conflict." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fdb405b6-ee32-4af8-971e-cf5ff3283ff0.
Full textAbstract:
Promoting the rule of law is vital for the success of domestic and international postconflict state-building efforts. Yet in post-conflict settings, non-state justice systems handle most disputes, retaining substantial autonomy and authority. Legal pluralism's importance, however, is rarely recognized and dramatically under-theorized. This thesis demonstrates that multiple justice systems can co-exist and contribute to the development of a democratic state bound by the rule of law. Domestic and international efforts, however, must be cognizant of the overarching legal pluralism paradigm that exists when trying to build the rule of law and tailor their strategies accordingly. By drawing on two divergent case studies, Timor-Leste and Afghanistan, this dissertation examines the conditions under which the rule of law can be advanced in post-conflict settings featuring a high degree of legal pluralism and substantial international involvement. Four distinct legal pluralism paradigms are proposed - combative, competitive, cooperative, and benign - in order to understand how legal pluralism functions in practice. Timor-Leste successfully advanced the rule of law because the major parties remained committed to democracy and developed institutions promoting accountability, inclusivity, and legality. The state meaningfully collaborated with key non-state actors. While the process was imperfect, Timorese state-officials effectively mediated between the international community and local-level figures. This contributed to the effective transformation of a competitive legal pluralist environment into a cooperative one. The international community largely reinforced these positive trends. Conversely, Afghanistan's post-2001 regime squandered the opportunity to build a democratic state bound by the rule of law. Simultaneously, it failed to mediate between the international community and the tribal and religious authorities essential for legitimate rule. Despite international actor's substantial influence, external aid did little good and was often counter-productive. These divergent approaches helps explain judicial state-building's failure and the corresponding slide from competitive into combative legal pluralism against the Taliban.
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Attalla, Mohamed M. "Project control techniques, reconstruction of occupied buildings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21531.pdf.
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Hutin, Hervé. "Efficacité des programmes de reconstruction dans les sociétés post-conflictuelles." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932461.
Full textAbstract:
Le but de la thèse est d'apprécier l'efficacité des programmes de reconstruction destinés à assurer le redressement économique de pays sortant de guerre civile depuis la fin de la Guerre froide. Du point de vue de la méthode, cette efficacité est évaluée à la fois par la pertinence du contenu et de l'organisation de ces programmes aux caractéristiques des économies post-conflictuelles, et par une évaluation de leur performance au vu d'indicateurs de redressement spécifiques à ces contextes. Les causes économiques des conflits et le fonctionnement d'une économie de guerre sont analysés dans la mesure ils conditionnent le passage à une économie de paix (chapitres 1 à 4). Une approche en termes d'économie politique (Stewart, Fitzgerald) recoupant inégalités horizontales et verticales et complétée par celle d'Amartya Sen contribue à rendre compte des spécificités de ce type de contexte que la théorie néoclassique ne permet pas d'appréhender. L'approche en termes de moyens d'existence (Chambers et Conway), de vulnérabilité due au contexte (Collinson) et d'économie institutionnelle donnent un cadre théorique cohérent pour cerner les caractéristiques économiques des sociétés post-conflictuelles (chapitres 5 à 7) et permettent d'identifier des facteurs bloquant ou de ralentissement du processus de redressement économique. L'étude de la configuration des programmes de reconstruction fait apparaître une prolifération d'acteurs aux logiques différentes, peu coordonnés et formant une administration de substitution non alignée dans un État fragile (chapitre 8). Le rapprochement entre programme et caractéristiques observées permet alors de procéder à l'évaluation de l'efficacité des programmes (chapitre 9). L'évaluation quantitative converge vers le constat d'un échec relatif, notamment du fait de leur lenteur (d'où risque de résurgence du conflit). Une modélisation à partir des données disponibles appuie l'identification effectuée de l'importance de certaines variables spécifiques (retour des populations déplacées, institutions, sécurité). L'analyse qualitative des causes de cette inefficacité fait apparaître : - les effets pervers du manque de coordination, analysée ici à la lumière de la théorie des coûts de transaction, de la théorie contingente et de l'analyse marginaliste, notamment sur le marché du travail et les capacités administratives, ce qui permet de mettre à jour le concept de seuil de capacités institutionnelles ; - l'inadaptation dans la conception et la mise en œuvre des programmes aux spécificités observées. Entre la référence mythifiée au Plan Marshall et l'absence d'intervention extérieure qui mènerait à un état de suffocation économique, l'analyse de cette inefficacité relative débouche sur quelques préconisations adaptables selon les contextes.
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Mosse, M. "The journey to positive peace : grassroots peace building in Kosovo." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/802d449c-d2b2-47d9-9505-a22cae423cac/1.
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This thesis examines grassroots peace building in Kosovo during the period 2001 - 2008 and seeks to understand how international actors have best supported, or otherwise, a process of deepening peace at this level. The research centres on analysis of thirty-three in-depth interviews with the main actors from this field. Through analysing interpretations of peace and peace building in Kosovo, I identify a contradiction between on the one hand, the dominant approach of building peace through relationships (favoured by international actors); and on the other, the need for peace to address personal needs. This means helping individuals come to terms with the past, and affecting a broader normalization of people’s everyday lives. I assert that a ‘deepening’ of peace in Kosovo will ultimately come about through offering young people more opportunities to ‘open up their hearts and minds’ - to broaden their horizons in ways that they feel empowered to view themselves and the world around them through a critical lens. This research identifies negative attitudes and behaviours amongst external actors in Kosovo, and illustrates how our personal qualities and conduct are of primary importance when it comes to peace building. In doing so, I identify a need for a higher level of self-awareness, commitment and empathy amongst external actors. Whilst reports have emerged which seek to evaluate the impact of peace building in Kosovo, this research examines the experiences of those engaged in such endeavours and encompasses a strong story-telling element. It also seeks to ground the issues at stake within a broader understanding of Kosovo’s social and historical landscape.
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Flores, Salas Alicia. "Evaluation of the use of lightweight concrete panels for post disaster house reconstruction using Building Information Modelling." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-the-use-of-lightweight-concrete-panels-for-post-disaster-house-reconstruction-using-building-information-modelling(ce6ee2fc-2997-40ff-b489-f1fdf1a5dfb7).html.
Full textAbstract:
A large number of natural disasters affects hundreds of thousands of people each year in their housing around the world. Therefore, there is a call to find more appropriate strategies for housing reconstruction following a disaster. This study aims to reduce the construction time and cost of housing affected by such disasters. The academic literature on the 3 Dimensional Lightweight Panels construction system (3D-LPs), Building Information Modelling system (BIM) and experiences gained in post-disaster housing reconstruction strengthens the argument that here is an opportunity to contribute to solve the housing reconstruction problem. The study points out that the combination of these systems and community participation presents an option to produce both affordable and sustainable housing in the shortest time on a large scale by the affected people after overcoming the emergence phase of a disaster. A holistic philosophy was used to study the housing reconstruction problem as a whole to understand all parts of the problem and three research questions were set up to explore the possible solution to this problem. The research strategy to address the problem was based on a survey of worldwide experts, interviewing a forum of lightweight concrete panel manufacturers and the modelling of a basic housing prototype in BIM. Research question (1) How can displaced people use their own labour to save money and time? and research question (2) How does the 3D-LPs construction system contribute to housing recovery after natural disasters? Research questions (1) and (2) were answered by 17 open-ended questions conducted with 22 housing experts from 11 countries and 7 semi-structured interviews composed of 14 questions with 7 manufacturers of construction materials respectively which collected rich qualitative data (15,419 words) that were analysed in Nvivo 10 through pattern matching and validated by triangulation techniques to give reliability to the study. The housing prototype modelling was used to answer the research question (3) Can the BIM model show the cost-benefit in building housing with the 3D-LPs construction system and displaced people's own labour?The main findings of this study are that a housing prototype built with 3D-LPs is 36.82% cheaper in comparison to houses built with bricks and reinforcement elements and could be built by unskilled people in 90 days. The study provides novel in-depth knowledge of how unskilled people from communities affected should participate in housing reconstruction and how new construction systems can be implemented after disasters, which contributes to the body of knowledge. In addition, the study provides guidelines to implement a system directed at unskilled people and also Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in a novel way, to help to solve the housing reconstruction problem and engage the displaced people in the housing reconstruction.
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Baxter, Laura, Kate J. Baird, Lisa C. Pedicino, and Karriaunna Scotti. "The Dendrochronology of the Reconstruction of Kinishba." Tree-Ring Society, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262371.
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Dendroarchaeology is often discussed with reference to prehistoric contexts; however, it is equally relevant in historical contexts. Dendroarchaeological analysis independently dates the modem reconstruction of prehistoric Kinishba Pueblo with higher resolution than known documentary sources provide and illuminates reroofing practices. Kinishba is a large Mountain Mogollon pueblo on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation in east-central Arizona. Historically, the reconstructed Kinishba is attributed to the 1930s work of Byron Cummings. Nineteen dates from structural beams in nine rooms of the pueblo form a tight cluster with a strong terminal peak at 1950. This peak combined with beam and architectural attributes provides evidence for an undocumented, extensive reroofing episode. Thus, the target event was not the building of reconstructed rooms as originally expected, but replacement of the original reconstructed roofs. This study illustrates two important dendroarchaeological points. First, preconceived ideas, even if based on sound research, should not influence sample dating, which should be free of bias. Second, this study illustrates the importance of tree-ring dates in archaeology and the potential conflict between other types of data and tree-ring dates.
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Shorter, Nicholas. "UNSUPERVISED BUILDING DETECTION FROM IRREGULARLY SPACED LIDAR AND AERIAL IMAGERY." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3965.
Full textAbstract:
As more data sources containing 3-D information are becoming available, an increased interest in 3-D imaging has emerged. Among these is the 3-D reconstruction of buildings and other man-made structures. A necessary preprocessing step is the detection and isolation of individual buildings that subsequently can be reconstructed in 3-D using various methodologies. Applications for both building detection and reconstruction have commercial use for urban planning, network planning for mobile communication (cell phone tower placement), spatial analysis of air pollution and noise nuisances, microclimate investigations, geographical information systems, security services and change detection from areas affected by natural disasters. Building detection and reconstruction are also used in the military for automatic target recognition and in entertainment for virtual tourism. Previously proposed building detection and reconstruction algorithms solely utilized aerial imagery. With the advent of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems providing elevation data, current algorithms explore using captured LiDAR data as an additional feasible source of information. Additional sources of information can lead to automating techniques (alleviating their need for manual user intervention) as well as increasing their capabilities and accuracy. Several building detection approaches surveyed in the open literature have fundamental weaknesses that hinder their use; such as requiring multiple data sets from different sensors, mandating certain operations to be carried out manually, and limited functionality to only being able to detect certain types of buildings. In this work, a building detection system is proposed and implemented which strives to overcome the limitations seen in existing techniques. The developed framework is flexible in that it can perform building detection from just LiDAR data (first or last return), or just nadir, color aerial imagery. If data from both LiDAR and aerial imagery are available, then the algorithm will use them both for improved accuracy. Additionally, the proposed approach does not employ severely limiting assumptions thus enabling the end user to apply the approach to a wider variety of different building types. The proposed approach is extensively tested using real data sets and it is also compared with other existing techniques. Experimental results are presented.Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering PhD
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Sidibe, Mariame. "Une approche sociopolitique de la question des réfugiés dans la crise de l'Etat au Mali : Cas des réfugiés maliens de la région de Tillabéri au Niger." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0078/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le Mali a connu en 2012 un conflit qui est sans précédent, même s’il s’inscrit dans la lignée de plusieurs mouvements de rébellion des populations touareg de la partie nord du pays depuis l’indépendance. La crise qui en découle n’est pas résorbée encore. La reconstruction de l’Etat et le retour des populations malienne déplacées et réfugiées sont au coeur de la problématique du post conflit. Ces deux enjeux sont liés, et de longue date. La défaillance et la faiblesse de l’Etat malien, qui n’était pourtant pas considéré avant 2012 comme un Etat fragile, est une des causes des migrations forcées des populations du Nord. La crise depuis 2012 peut se lire comme la crise de l’Etat m alien, crise de légitimité, d’effectivité et d’efficacité. En étudiant la trajectoire des réfugiés maliens dans les camps de Abala et Tabarey-barey au Niger, en décryptant les conditions posées à leur retour, nous pouvons dessiner « en creux » un « besoin d’Etat » matériel et symbolique, exprimé de manière plus ou moins consciente par les réfugiés. Mais le processus de reconstruction de l’Etat malien, conditionné par la temporalité et les modalités de la sortie du conflit, façonné par les rapports de force internes et externes esquisse une toute autre réalité étatiqueIn 2012, Mali experienced a conflict that was unprecedented even in a string of rebellious movements by the Touareg population since the country’s independence. The ensuing crisis has not yet been resolved. The reconstruction of the state and the return of the displaced and refugee populations of Mali are at the heart of the post-conflict problem. These two issues are related and have affected each other for a long time. The failure and weakness of the Malian state, which was not considered fragile before 2012, is one of the causes of forced migration of northern populations. The crisis since 2012 can be interpreted as the crisis of the Malian state: a crisis of legitimacy, effectiveness, and efficiency. By studying the trajectory of Malian refugees in the camps of Abala and Tabarey-barey in Niger; by decrypting the conditions laid down for their return, we can draw "in hollow" a "need of State" material and symbolic, expressed more or less consciously by the refugees. However, the process of reconstruction of the Malian state, conditioned by the temporality and modalities of the exit from the conflict, shaped by the internal and external power relations, sketches a completely different state reality
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Niederöst, Markus. "Detection and reconstruction of buildings for automated updating /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14909.
Full text
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Tulier, Melody Esther 1980. "Building a state or saving lives? : the processes, motives and politics behind the reconstruction of Afghanistan's health system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30283.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-79).
Startlingly poor health statistics in Afghanistan clearly indicate that, in order to enhance the socio-economic status and overall stability of the state, a complete overhaul of its health care system is imperative. However, providing health is not simply a technical endeavor involving the construction of clinics, the training of doctors, and adequate medical supplies, for instance. In the stage of policy formulation for the reconstruction of Afghanistan's health system, there was in fact a dynamic, political process. The specific form of health reconstruction being implemented in Afghanistan was a result of a global consensus regarding the importance of health and general best-practice methods for health reform, external pressure to act quickly, power dynamics, and differing priorities of participating actors. The decisions and the resulting nuances of the plan conceived during this period also have broader implications regarding how and if long-term goals of development for Afghanistan, such as state building, could be reinforced or neglected. Development aid that overtly includes long-term state building goals seems like a plausible and possibly even more appealing solution than the current plan that concentrates on quick, high-impact health results. However, in a post-conflict state where the weakness of the state primarily characterizes the political context, should state building be a primary goal? Where does state building fit into the world of humanitarian aid and development policy? What do the nuances within the health policy being examined imply for state building efforts in Afghanistan?
(cont.) While there are not any straightforward answers to these questions, it is necessary that planners, health policy makers, and those working in international development are cognizant of the trade- offs of policy decisions, most particularly in post-conflict countries. Keywords: Afghanistan, health care reform, state building, politics of health policy, post- conflict, reconstruction
by Melody Esther Tulier.
M.C.P.
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Doe, Samuel G. "Indigenising post-war state reconstruction. The Case of Liberia and Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4468.
Full textAbstract:
Current approaches to post-war state reconstruction are primarily dominated by the
liberal peace thesis. These approaches tend to ignore the indigenous institutions,
societal resources and cultural agencies of post-conflict societies, although such
entities are rooted in the sociological, historical, political and environmental realities
of these societies. Such universalised and `best practice¿ approaches, more often than
not, tend to reproduce artificial states. The Poro and Sande are the largest indigenous
sodality institutions in the `hinterlands¿¿a pejorative term attributed to rural Liberia
and Sierra Leone. Both the Poro and Sande exercise spiritual, political, economic and
social authority. In this thesis, I use critical realism and the case study approach to
investigate: a) the extent to which the liberal peace practitioners who are leading state
reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone recognised the role and potential utility of
the Poro and Sande institutions; b) the extent to which the Poro and Sande were
engaged; and c) the implications for the quality and viability of the reconstructed
states. This evidence-based research suggests that the liberal peace project sidelined
indigenous institutions, including the Poro and Sande, in the post-war recovery and
rebuilding exercises. The disregard for indigenous and emerging resources in the
context of state reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone has contributed to the
resurgence of 19th century counter-hegemonic resistance from the sodality-governed
interior of both countries. At the same time, the reconstructed states are drifting back
towards their pre-war status quo. Authority structures remain fragmented,
kleptocracy is being restored, webs of militarised patronage networks are being
emboldened, and spaces for constructive dialogues are shrinking. This thesis
underscores the need for indigenisation as a complementary strategy to help reverse
the deterioration, and to maximise gains from massive investments in peacebuilding.
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Torok, Matthew M. "Autonomous Sample Collection Using Image-Based 3D Reconstructions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32163.
Full textAbstract:
Sample collection is a common task for mobile robots and there are a variety of manipulators
available to perform this operation. This thesis presents a novel scoop sample collection
system design which is able to both collect and contain a sample using the same hardware.
To ease the operator burden during sampling the scoop system is paired with new
semi-autonomous and fully autonomous collection techniques. These are derived from data
provided by colored 3D point clouds produced via image-based 3D reconstructions. A custom
robotic mobility platform, the Scoopbot, is introduced to perform completely automated
imaging of the sampling area and also to pick up the desired sample. The Scoopbot is wirelessly
controlled by a base station computer which runs software to create and analyze the
3D point cloud models. Relevant sample parameters, such as dimensions and volume, are
calculated from the reconstruction and reported to the operator. During tests of the system
in full (48 images) and fast (6-8 images) modes the Scoopbot was able to identify and
retrieve a sample without any human intervention. Finally, a new building crack detection
algorithm (CDA) is created to use the 3D point cloud outputs from image sets gathered by
a mobile robot. The CDA was shown to successfully identify and color-code several cracks
in a full-scale concrete building element.Master of Science