To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Recorded Female Body.
Journal articles on the topic 'Recorded Female Body'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Recorded Female Body.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kabir, Yearul, Tasleem A. Zafar, and Carol Waslien. "Relationship Between Perceived Body Image and Recorded Body Mass Index Among Kuwaiti Female University Students." Women & Health 53, no. 7 (October 1, 2013): 693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2013.831017.
Full text
2
Oduma, O., and SI Oluka. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTHROPOMETRIC DIMENSIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS IN SOUTH-EASTERN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Technology 36, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.31.
Full textAbstract:
A comparative analysis of the anthropometric body dimensions of the male and female agricultural workers was conducted in South-Eastern Nigeria to ascertain the variations that exist among the body characteristics/dimensions of the male and female agricultural workers in the area. Thirty (30) anthropometric dimensions considered useful in the design of the agricultural equipment alongside with the heart rate of the workers were studied. Male and female agricultural workers within the age limit of 20-60 years were used for the study. Results obtained revealed that male agricultural workers had greater body dimensions than the females except in the waist circumferences and hip breadths in which the male measured average of 81.1cm and 34.4cm respectively and the female recorded 88.7cm and 42.1cm at waist and hip regions respectively. The comparison further showed that male agricultural workers had average stature and body weight of 168.3cm and 65.9kg respectively with the 5th and 95th percentiles of 162.75cm and 175.77cm respectively in stature; and 60.15kg and 71.73kg in body weight respectively. While the female recorded mean stature and body weight of 163.2cm and 64.8kg respectively with the corresponding 5th and 95th percentiles of 153.96cm and 172.17cm respectively in stature and 60.04kg and 69.35kg respectively in body weight. The males had average heart (pulse) rate of 73.8 beats/min while the females had 70.5 beats/min. The comparison generally did not show much variations, which implies that implements/machine designed for the male workers could suit the female workers or might be adjusted to suit the female workers. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.31
3
Boness, Daryl J., W. Don Bowen, and Olav T. Oftedal. "Evidence of polygyny from spatial patterns of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-104.
Full textAbstract:
Based on scant empirical data, the mating system of the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) has been variously characterized as monogamous or polygynous. To evaluate the hypothesis that female hooded seals are clustered to a degree that would facilitate polygyny, we collected data on the spatial dispersion of female and male seals on the ice floes off the Labrador coast. While flying from a ship at the edge of the seal herd to a study site within the herd, we recorded each sighting of female seals as a "solitary female" or a "cluster of females" (using an approximate 10 body length radius to differentiate these conditions). The numbers of males near females were also recorded. Nearest-neighbor distances were obtained during on-ice transects. The frequency of nearest-female-neighbor distance classes peaked at 6–10 seal body lengths (one body length = 1.9–2.6 m) and then declined to distances of greater than 25 body lengths. About 40% of 357 females with pups (or 22% of 279 sightings of seals) were in clusters consisting of two or more mother–pup pairs; the maximal cluster size observed was five. The majority of females or clusters of females had a single male in attendance (54% of 245 sightings). Females in the central part of the herd were both clustered and attended by males more often than were females at the periphery. Observations of a few marked males suggested that some took up positions near additional females when their original female companions departed. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the spatial pattern of hooded seals should facilitate polygyny.
4
Adlin. K. Kazia, Sangeetha A, Mahammad Rafi V, Prem Kumar S, Vishnuprasaath S, and Vijayalakshmi B. "Relation of Body mass index to Heart rate variability in female medical students." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (August 8, 2020): 4722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2761.
Full textAbstract:
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a simple non-invasive, sensitive measure to evaluate autonomic system activity. Sympathovagal imbalance can explain increased incidence of sudden cardiac deaths associated with increased Body Mass Index (BMI). Understanding the mechanism that connects obesity and autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions is important because increasing obesity prevalence documented among men and women of all ages. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship of body mass index to heart rate variability in young females. In this study, 90 healthy female students, aged between 17-22 years were included. After calculating the BMI, subjects were divided into three groups. HRV was recorded for 5 min using INCO-NIVIQURE DIGITAL ACQUISITION SYSTEM VER.52.0. Low frequency (LF) component, high frequency (HF) component and LF:HF ratio were recorded and the relation between BMI, HF, LF and LF:HF ratio were analysed using ANOVA test. In this study, LF:HF ratio in overweight females was found to be high and parasympathetic was decrease when compared to normal weight and underweight females. Raised BMI is associated with reduced HRV, which correlates with decreased parasympathetic activity and sympathovagal imbalance, thus increases the chances of cardiac autonomic dysfunction and eventually leading to cardiovascular disease in overweight female.
5
Odo, B. I., C. C. Obiagwu, and T. C. Amalu. "Body Weight and Biometric Parameters of Piglets Reared under Intensive System of Management in the Humid Tropic." American Journal of Agriculture 4, no. 2 (November 11, 2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/aja.1278.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: A total of 60 pigs of both sexes (30 males and 30 females) reared under intensive system of management were randomly sampled and used in this study that lasted for 20 weeks, to assess the relationship between bodyweight and biometric parameters.
Methodology: Data obtained for bodyweight (kg), height (cm), body length (cm) and heart girth (cm) were subjected to Bivariate Pearson Correlation, analysed using SPSS version 25.
Findings: The result showed that despite higher numerical values recorded for female pigs, there were no correlation between sex and other body biometric parameters. However, body weight had strong correlation with other biometric parameters analysed. The body length had the highest direct contributions (r = 0.981) to body weight in male and female pigs respectively.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The forecast indices recorded in this work could be employed to predict bodyweight estimation and help in making management decision and breeding programs for genetic improvement in pigs.
6
Salamunes, Ana Carla Chierighini, Adriana Maria Wan Stadnik, and Eduardo Borba Neves. "ESTIMATION OF FEMALE BODY FAT PERCENTAGE BASED ON BODY CIRCUMFERENCES." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 2 (March 2018): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182402181175.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Introduction: The increase in the prevalence of obesity entails the need for accurate low-cost methods to estimate body fat percentage (BF%). Objective: The aim of this study was to develop mathematical models to estimate the BF% of young women from southern Brazil using inexpensive equipment, based on body circumferences (BC), considering the shortage of specific studies of this population. Methods: Subjects were women (n=130) aged 18 to 35 years (26.06±4.41 years), from the city of Curitiba. Body mass and stature were measured and used to estimate body mass index (BMI), while BC measurements of the arm, forearm, waist (narrowest point and umbilicus), abdomen, hip, thigh and leg were taken for use in the mathematical models. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) equipment recorded the BF%. Pearson’s correlation was used for anthropometric variables and age in association with BF%. The indicators with best correlations were used to estimate linear regression mathematical models for prediction of BF%. The results of the two models and of nine anthropometric equations were compared to those obtained with the DXA using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and paired t-test. Results: Age was not significantly correlated with BF% (r=0.113 and p=0.200). The BCs with the highest correlations with BF% were abdomen, hip and waist - umbilicus (r=0.697, 0.682, 0.660, respectively, and p<0.001). Eight equations showed positive correlation with BF%, but only the results obtained with the models estimated in this study did not differ from those of DXA, with paired t-test. Mathematical models were developed with three (r=0.744, r²=0.554; t=0.16 and p=0.869) and six (r=0.768, r²=0.591; t=-0.04 and p=0.967) anthropometric variables. Conclusion: The use of mathematical models developed for estimating BF% based on body circumference and body mass is considered feasible. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.
7
Bazaz, Asim Iqbal, Tasaduq H. Shah, Farooz A. Bhat, Irfan Ahmad, Nafhat-ul-Arab -, Maheen Altaf, Saima Andleeb, Zaib Hafiz, Bisma Shafi, and Azra Shah. "Assessment of Spawning Fecundity and Its Relationship with Body Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario)." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.3066a.
Full textAbstract:
The present investigations were carried out at Trout Culture Farm Laribal, Srinagar (J&K Govt.), India during December, 2020. Relationship between length-weight, spawning fecundity and relative fecundity was observed in rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and brown trout (S. trutta fario). The mean length of male rainbow trout was (38.77±1.38 cm) and mean length of (38.05±1.32 cm) was observed in female rainbow trout. While as, the mean length of male brown trout was (38.86±1.41 cm) and for female brown trout mean length of (37.98±1.30 cm) was observed. The mean weight of male and female rainbow trout recorded was 794.6±49.3 g and 766.3±64.3 g respectively, while as, the average weight of male and female brown trout was 772.7±41.4 g and 757.6±57.22 g respectively. The spawning fecundity female-1 of rainbow trout ranged from 2002−2804 eggs and mean relative fecundity of 3.13±0.12 g-1 body weight was observed and for brown trout the spawning fecundity female-1 fish ranged from 961 to 1604 eggs, with a relative fecundity of 1.41 g-1 body weight to 1.56 g-1 body weight. The present study recorded a significant positive correlation between total body length and total body weight of male rainbow trout (r=0.938, p<0.05) and total body length and total body weight of female rainbow trout (r=0.989, p<0.05) and for brown trout a significant positive correlation was recorded between total body length and spawning fecundity, body weight and spawning fecundity was observed. However, relative fecundity formed a significant negative correlation between total length, body weight and spawning fecundity in brown trout.
8
Islam, M. Saiful, Al Amin Shams, Shirina Akter, and Beauty Biswas. "Prevalence of Some Common Human Traits: An Updated Survey Report From Rajshahi University Campus, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 49, no. 2 (November 19, 2021): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v49i2.56259.
Full textAbstract:
Prevalence of some common human traits viz., body weight, height and body mass index (BMI), pattern baldness, body hair, chin, colour blindness, cheek dimples, earlobes, length of index finger, lips, nose, polydactyly, tongue and widow’s peak, and ABO blood groups along with their Rh-D antigen, were recorded and analyzed from 500 male and 1000 female students of the Rajshahi University (RU) Campus. Results showed that body weights of the male students (66.42±8.92 kg) were significantly higher (t= 35.14; P<0.001) than those of the female students (51.64±6.97 kg). The differences in BMI between males (23.32±3.26) and females (20.85±2.63), as expected, were also highly significant (t= 15.79; P<0.001) and notably, some of the female students were underweight (BMI< 18.5). No female had baldness compared to 15.8% bald males. Sparse body hair was prevalent over the dense body hair in both genders. The females had much higher smooth chin (89.6%) than the males (58.0%) but the males had much higher cleft chin (42.0%) compared to the females (10.4%). No female was colourblind whereas 7.4% males were colourblind. Absence of dimples was recorded in 92.4% males and 85.7% females. Attached earlobes were higher than the free earlobes in both sexes. Compared to the length of the ring finger, shorter index finger was prevalent both in males (85.4%) and females (68.6%). Frequencies of the broad lips in males and females were 53.4% and 58.6%, respectively. Females dominated large and broad noses (76.1%) in comparison with their male counterparts (61.4%). Polydactyly was a rare trait in the Campus, where only 2.2% males and 0.2% females had extra digits in their hands or feet. Tongue rollers (53.8%) outnumbered the tongue folders in males, but tongue folders (54.4%) outnumbered the tongue rollers in females. Males with widow’s peak were higher (25.8%) than that in the females (19.0). Blood groups in the males and females were in the order: B (32.0) > O (29.8) > A (22.4) > AB (15.8) and O (34.8) > B (34.4) > A (21.9) > AB (8.9), respectively. As a whole, 85.4% males and 98.0% females were Rh-positive where the blood group phenotypes did not affect body weight, height and BMI of the subjects (r=0.012; P=0.63). The relevance of these findings to the physical, physiological, social and clinical well-being of the humans has been discussed. Bangladesh J. Zool. 49 (2): 215-228, 2021
9
Adhikari, D., R. B. Thapa, S. L. Joshi, and J. J. Du. "Morphometrics of Adult Chinese Citrus Fly Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Nepal." Journal of the Plant Protection Society 7, no. 01 (August 8, 2022): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpps.v7i01.47291.
Full textAbstract:
Morphometric study of adult Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) was carried out on May, 2020 at Sindhuli, Nepal. The mean body length of female recorded significantly higher, 14.29 ± 0.20 mm, than male, 12.52 ± 0.26 mm, with the mean difference of 1.77 mm (p = ≤ 0.001). Females had a wider body (3.90 ± 0.06 mm) compared to males (3.39 ± 0.05 mm) (p = ≤ 0.001) which differed significantly by 0.51 mm. Adult female possessed a wider wingspan, i.e. 23.51 ± 0.23 mm significantly different than adult male, i.e. 22.80 ± 0.19 mm with the mean difference of 0.71 mm (p = ≤ 0.05). Similarly, the average wing length measured 8.82 ± 0.13mm in male and 9.05 ± 0.11 mm in female with the mean difference of 0.23 mm. The ovipositor length recorded 4.52 ± 0.12 mm. This information is useful to distinguish between Chinese citrus fly and other fruit fly species of citrus orchards and useful in planning of the suitable management options.
10
Rotimi, Emmanuel Abayomi. "Examination of sexual dimorphism in New-Zealand White × Californian rabbits by morphological traits." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2021-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Rabbits provide a cheap source of high quality animal protein and thus have the potential to bridge the shortage of animal protein in developing countries. Data were collected on 174 New Zealand × California cross-bred rabbits (87 males and 87 females) for this study, to quantify the morphological characteristics and to determine the morphological parameters that contribute to body conformation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Data were collected on live body weight (LBW), body length (BDL), ear length (EAL), tail length (TAL), rump length (RUL), heart girth (HAG) and abdominal circumference (ADC). Data collected were analysed using the procedures of the PAST® 3.21 statistical package. Mean live body weight (± SE) for the females (0.980 ± 0.02 kg) and males (0.790 ± 0.02 kg) was recorded. There were positive and highly significant (p < 0.01) correlation coefficients between live body weight and the linear body measurements. One principal component was extracted, accounting for 64.8% of the total variances in morphological indicators measured in the New Zealand × California rabbits. The extracted principal component in this study could be used as aid in selection programme. The results obtained revealed the occurrence of sexual dimorphism, where female rabbits recorded significantly (p < 0.05) higher values than males in all the traits measured. This information suggests that use of rabbit for meat production should skew towards raising female rabbits.
11
Crocker, Daniel E., Burney J. Le Boeuf, and Daniel P. Costa. "Drift diving in female northern elephant seals: implications for food processing." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-004.
Full textAbstract:
We tested predictions from the hypothesis that northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris, drift during the bottom segment of some dives (called C dives) using oxygen saved from reduced locomotion to process food. Sixteen free-ranging dive records were obtained with microcomputer dive recorders attached to 13 adult females from Año Nuevo, California, during biannual foraging trips when they were in early or late stages of gestation; swim speed was recorded throughout one dive record. Body composition was measured before and after trips to sea. C dives with a bout length of 2 – 10 dives and a mean duration similar to those of other dive types made up 6.3 ± 1.9% of the dives recorded. Swim speed was near or below the recorder stall speed (0.22 m/s) during the second, drift segment of these dives. The rate of vertical depth change while drifting varied little within bouts, was initially significantly correlated with the ratio of fat to lean body mass at departure, and changed systematically as the seals fed while at sea. Females in early gestation, with initial mean body fat of 24%, drifted down at a mean rate of 0.31 ± 0.04 m/s; females in late gestation, with mean body fat approaching 36%, drifted up at an average rate of 0.17 ± 0.05 m/s. The frequency, duration, and temporal pattern of drift dives were correlated with foraging behavior, supporting the hypothesis that drifting while diving is associated with the metabolic cost of processing food. This study provides indirect support for the hypothesis that elephant seals suspend active swimming on certain dives, during which a greater proportion of oxygen stores is allocated to the processing of food, without interrupting the seals' normal pattern of continuous diving and allowing them to remain within their aerobic dive limit.
12
Vlychou, Marianna, Evangelos Alexiou, Paschalis Thriskos, Ioannis Fezoulidis, and Katerina Vassiou. "Body Composition in Adult Patients with Thalassemia Major." International Journal of Endocrinology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6218437.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To assess body composition in adult male and female patients with thalassemia major by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and to compare the findings with a group of healthy age-matched controls. Methods. Our study group included sixty-two patients (27 males, mean age 36 years, and 35 females, mean age 36.4 years) and fifteen age-matched healthy controls. All patients had an established diagnosis of thalassemia major and followed a regular blood transfusion scheme since childhood and chelation treatment. Fat, lean, and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ferritin levels and body mass index of all patients and controls were also recorded. Student t-test and Wilcoxon test were performed and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results. BMD and whole body lean mass are lower in both male and female adult patients compared with controls (p<0.01 in both groups), whereas whole body fat mass was found to have no statistically significant difference compared to controls. Regional trunk fat around the abdomen was found to be lower in male patients compared to controls (p=0.02). Conclusion. Severe bone loss and diminished lean mass are expected in adult male and female patients with thalassemia major. Fat changes seem to affect mainly male patients.
13
Hohman, William L. "Body composition dynamics of ruddy ducks during wing moult." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 2224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-312.
Full textAbstract:
A method was developed for indexing moulting costs in waterfowl based on intensity of moult and proportional mass of feathers in seven feather regions (ADJMOLT). This method was then applied to an examination of relations between moulting costs and size-adjusted body mass and composition of postbreeding male and female ruddy ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) collected in southwestern Manitoba, 30 July – 24 August 1985. Moderate to heavy moult (25 to > 50% of moulting feathers) was recorded in all feather regions. The intensity of down moult was greater in males than in females, but no differences between sexes in moult score by contour feather region, overall mean moult score, or ADJMOLT were detected. Relations between ADJMOLT and body fat (FAT), liver protein (LIVER), and size-adjusted body mass (ADJMASS), body protein (ADJPROT), and leg and breast muscle protein (ADJLEG and ADJBR, respectively) were not influenced by sex, but there was a sex effect on the relation of ADJMOLT to gizzard mass (GIZZWT). ADJPROT and ADJBR were negatively associated with ADJMOLT, whereas female GIZZWT was positively related to ADJMOLT. ADJMASS, ADJLEG, FAT, and LIVER were unrelated to ADJMOLT. Female ruddy ducks were structurally smaller and had less ADJMASS, ADJPROT, ADJLEG, and FAT than males, but there were no sex-related differences in ADJBR. I found no evidence of nutritional stress in post-breeding ruddy ducks, but argue that stress associated with moult in waterfowl is most likely to occur in females, especially small-bodied species that are primarily herbivorous.
14
Ismoyowati, I., E. Tugiyanti, M. Mufti, and D. Purwantini. "Sexual dimorphism and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism of growth hormone gene in muscovy duck." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 42, no. 3 (August 17, 2017): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.42.3.167-174.
Full textAbstract:
This research was aimed to investigate the different growth and to identify growth hormone gene polymorphism in Muscovy ducks. Two hundred Muscovy day-old ducks consisting of white-plumed male and female duck, black and white-plumed male and female ducks. Body weight was recorded weekly and the obtained data were subject to T test. Primer design used the Custal X Program based on a database from the GeneBank Cairina moschata GH gene, partial cds (AB158762). Primer base sequence of GH gene was forward/Sequence: 5’-CTGGGGTTGTTTAGCTTGGA-3’ and reverse/Sequence: 5’-TAAACCTTCCCTGGCACAAC-3’. The DNA sequences were aligned by using the BioEdit version 7.7 for identification of the single nucleotide polymorphism. The result showed that male Muscovy duck produced higher an average body weight gain and more relative growth than those of females. The highest body weight gain was at three weeks old, and then it started to decrease at four weeks old. The sequencing PCR product obtained nucleotide polymorphism. AA genotype was observed at 136 t of black female Muscovy duck, CC in black and white male Muscovy duck, and white female Muscovy duck. Conclusively, a body weight gain of 3-week-old male Muscovy ducks was higher than that of females and GH gene polymorphism was observed in Muscovy ducks.
15
Grant, T. R., and P. O. Temple-Smith. "Growth of Nestling and Juvenile Platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98221.
Full textAbstract:
Body lengths and bill dimensions were recorded from 26 nestling platypuses from various museum collections and from published records. In nestling platypuses less than 3 months old bill width was greater than length, but this was reversed in older nestlings and in juveniles of both sexes. Nestlings grew from a body length of approximately 5 cm (~ 1 week of age) to 34 cm (14-17 weeks). Comparative data on growth of captive nestlings while sparse, supported the general trends seen in nestlings collected for this study. Body lengths and weights were also recorded from 219 (113 female; 106 male) platypuses which had been captured initially as juveniles in the upper Shoalhaven River. New South Wales. Recaptures resulted in 358 separate (215 female; 143 male) records from these animals. At emergence from the breeding burrow in January/February, juvenile males were significantly larger than females. Juvenile males had a mean body length of 41.2 (S.D.± 2.8) and females 37.5 (S.D.± 2.0) cm respectively (p<O.OOI) and mean body weights of recently emerged juvenile males and females were 779 (S.D.± 127) and 588 (S.D.± 88) g (p<O.OOI). Mean lengths and weights of the emerged juveniles were significantly smaller (p<O.OOI) than those sampled as adults (weight 65-70%; length 83-87%). The wide variation in weights and lengths of juvenile individuals of both sexes at first capture may be due to different times of emergence and/or the effects of different litter sizes.
16
Li, H., and E. Satinoff. "Body temperature and sleep in intact and ovariectomized female rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): R1753—R1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.6.r1753.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined intact and ovariectomized adult rats to assess the effects of removal of sex hormones on body temperature (Tb) and sleep. Subjects were 12 female rats, aged 5-8 mo, half of which were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX). Sleep or waking and Tb were recorded under a 12:12-h light-dark cycle. There was a strong coupling between level of Tb and the three conditions of waking, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS): Tb was significantly positively correlated with waking and significantly negatively correlated with SWS and REMS. These correlations were even higher in OVX rats. In the light, OVX rats had more SWS and stayed awake less than did the intact rats. OVX rats had more REMS than did intact rats in both light and dark. Mean Tb and daily Tb amplitude were the same in both groups. These results suggest that ovariectomy increases and, by extension, gonadal steroids decrease, the coupling between Tb and sleep.
17
Brzuska, E., J. Kouřil, J. Adamek, Z. Stupka, and V. Bekh. "The application of [D-Tle6,ProNHEt9]mGnRH (Lecirelin) with the dopaminergic inhibitor metoclopramide to stimulate ovulation in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 7 (December 13, 2011): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4313-cjas.
Full textAbstract:
The results of reproduction were tested in females of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) after stimulation of ovulation with carp pituitary (4 mg/kg body weight) or with Lecirelin (15 μg/kg) and metoclopramide (10 mg/kg). After administering the synthetic substance eggs were obtained from all females while in the group treated with pituitary homogenate 7 out of 8 hypophysed females spawned. The applied spawning agent did not significantly influence the weight of eggs expressed in grams, but in the case of females treated with carp pituitary homogenate a significantly higher weight of eggs expressed as the percentage of body weight of fish was recorded. The applied stimulators of ovulation did not affect any trait reflecting the quality of eggs. Females used as an experimental material belonged to two categories in respect of body weight: lighter females with average body weight of 2.63 ± 0.36 kg and heavier females with average body weight of 3.91 ± 0.48 kg. It was proved that the weight of eggs expressed either in grams or as a percentage of a female’s weight was significantly related to the body weight of a female (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.05, respectively), as well as the percentage of fertilised eggs and the percentage of living embryos after 28 hours of incubation (P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.05, respectively). The interaction between the stimulator of ovulation and the female body weight was significant only for traits reflecting the weight of obtained eggs (P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01).
18
Ersoy, I. E., M. Mendeş, and S. Aktan. "Growth curve establishment for American Bronze turkeys (short communication)." Archives Animal Breeding 49, no. 3 (October 10, 2006): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-49-293-2006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The purpose of this study was to establish the growth curves parameters of American Bronze turkeys. The weekly body weight changes of male and female turkeys were recorded during 11 to 24 weeks of age. The Richards' growth model fitted the turkey weight and age (week) data. Profile analysis was also applied to weight-age data in order to get more detailed information about the differences in the live weights of male and female turkeys in consecutive weeks. Estimates for mature body weight were found as 9720.40 ± 971.33 g and higher for males than for females as 6029.96 ± 316.55 g. Based on Richards’ model, male turkeys matured more slowly and it was needed that a more time to reach mature body weight than female turkeys. Results of profile analysis supported those results. Estimates for the absolute growth rate, absolute maturing rate and relative growth rate values were higher for females when compared to males. Male turkeys reached the maximum growth rate at 16.30 weeks of age whereas female ones reached the maximum growth rate at 12.85 weeks of age. Live weights of male and female turkeys, when both reached the maximum growth rate, were 3475.61 g and 2156.06 g, respectively. Male turkeys reached 80 % of their mature weights at 24 weeks of age, whereas female ones reached 92% of their mature weight.
19
Pradana, Krisnawan Andy, Viskasari P. Kalanjati, and Ni Wajan Tirthaningsih. "Body Mass Index and Urinalysis Markers in the Seemingly Healthy Young Adults." Folia Medica Indonesiana 56, no. 2 (August 6, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v56i2.21233.
Full textAbstract:
Higher prevalence of albuminuria, glycosuria, and haematuria was reported in the obese people than control. We aimed to analyze the BMI and urinalysis markers among the university students aged 18-21 years old in the IIKBW, Kediri to study any correlations and differences between these variables, which to the best of our knowledge has yet widely reported in Indonesia. This study has ethics approval from Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. The BMI was analyzed from the body weight and height of male (n=74) and female (n=76) students with no health problems recorded. The pH, nitrites, protein, erythrocytes, glucose in the urine were measured qualitatively with a dip-stick method, blinded, using the midstream urine sample collected in the morning. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17, with a level of significance of p<0.05. Abnormal pH (n=75), positive nitrites (n=24), haematuria (n=6), and proteinuria (n=149) were recorded. About 22% of students suffered from type I obesity, and 8.7% of type II. Males were significantly suffered from the obesity whilst females from the overweight (p<0.05). No significant correlations between the BMI and each urinalysis marker (BMI and nitrites p=0.936; BMI and protein p=1; BMI and pH p=0.835; BMI and blood, p=0.486; respectively); no one were found with glycosuria. No significant differences either on the BMI or the 5 urinalysis markers between male and female groups (p>0.05). Whilst no positive glycosuria samples were identified; 18.9% of males and 13.2% of females have positive nitrites, 100% of males and 98.7% of females have positive proteinuria, 2.7% of males and 7.9% of females have positive haematuria. There were 7.33% of males and 6% of females having an increased pH; whilst 20.66% of males and 16% of females having a decreased pH. Amongst the seemingly healthy university students, we found cases of urinalysis marker impairment, although no significant correlations on the BMI to the urinalysis markers that may be representing early detection for renal diseases were observed.
20
Tina, Fahmida W., M. Jaroensutasinee, and K. Jaroensutasinee. "Receiver female body size and distances affect the claw-waving rate of signaller males in fiddler crabs (Brachyura, Ocypodidae)." Behaviour 155, no. 10-12 (2018): 905–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003510.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We tested for the first time how Austruca bengali Crane, 1975 signaller males adjusted their waving rates based on receiver female body sizes and their distances. We video recorded the waving display of 46 males (9–12 mm carapace width) for 30 s, and counted their waving rate. Receiver females were categorised as small (8–10 mm carapace width) and large (>10 mm). Distances between males and females were categorised as short (⩽12 cm) and long (>12 cm) distances. Our results indicate that males are able to measure distances and female sizes, and adjust their waving display by actively reducing waving rate (1) towards small females, as usually small females have lower fecundity compared to large ones and (2) towards females at very close distance because at this point, the females would make their mating decision, and thus males start to lead/hit the females towards their burrow rather than waving vigorously.
21
Tina, Fahmida Wazed. "Effects of competition, female size, and their distance on the claw-waving rate of male fiddler crabs (Brachyura, Ocypodidae)." Animal Biology 70, no. 1 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-20191121.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The alteration of signals of animals in response to changes in environmental factors is a common phenomenon. In male fiddler crabs, waving major claws towards females is energetically costly; thus, males need to adjust their waving in a way that increases the chance of potential mate attraction while reducing the waving cost. In this study, I examined how Austruca perplexa males adjusted their waving rate based on male-male competition (male numbers in a cluster [Austruca perplexa males make groups and wave synchronously towards females]), female body size, and the distances of the receiver females from the signaller males. Forty clusters were selected randomly; from each cluster, I randomly selected one male, video recorded his waving behaviour and calculated waving rate (waves/min). Body size (carapace width) and distances of receiver females were measured. To analyze the effects of competition, female size, and their distances on male waving rate through binary logistic regression analysis, all variables were divided into two categories (male waving rate: low and high, competition: low and high, female size: small and large, and female distances: short and long) based on a median split method. Afterwards a series of binary logistic regression models were built and the relative supports of various models were assessed based on the corrected Akaike information criterion. Results showed that competition, female body size and their distances affected the male waving rate in an additive manner, but their interactions did not show any effect. Further research can be conducted to investigate how breeding season and predation risk along with competition, female size and female distances affect the claw-waving display of male fiddler crabs.
22
Gholson, Sara K., Amanda Schmelzle, Jonathon Green, Micheal Smith, and Rodney Geisert. "62 Altering sexual behavior of rats through neonatal treatment with an aromatase inhibitor, estrogen receptor antagonist and testosterone." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.261.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The mammalian brain is sexually dimorphic until becoming imprinted before birth or during neonatal development. The naïve mammalian brain of neonates is programmed to become feminine. In male neonates, testosterone crosses the blood brain barrier where it is converted to estrogen by aromatase. Estrogen in the brain imprints male sexual behavior. In female neonates, estrogen binds to alpha fetoprotein which prohibits estrogen from entering the brain. The present study was undertaken to determine if testosterone, an estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780) or aromatase inhibitor (Letrozole) would alter sexual behavior in neonatal rats. In this study, the entire litter of neonatal rat pups received a sc injection (100µl) of one of the following four treatments: corn oil (CO), testosterone propionate 100 µg (TP), ICI 182,780 100 µg (ICI), or Letorozole 100 µg (LET) on days 1 and 3 after birth. At approximately 60-70 days of age, treated rats were placed in cages with nontreated rats of the opposite sex. Animals were euthanized after 20 days. Body, testis, epididymal, and accessory gland weights were recorded for males as well as the number of females they bred and litter size. Body weight, pregnancy status, and litter size (if pregnant) were recorded for treated females. While there was a difference (P< 0.001) in body weight between males and females (average 372 g vs 279 g respectively), there was no statistical differences in body, testis, epididymal, or accessory gland weight between male treatment groups. While number of females pregnant or litter size was not different for CO, TP, or ICI, LET males established no pregnancies. Body weight, number pregnant and litter size were not different between female CO, ICI, or LET treatments. However, TP treated females established no pregnancies. Sexual mating behavior is altered by neonatal exposure to an aromatase inhibitor or testosterone in rats.
23
Renecker, Lyle A., and W. M. Samuel. "Growth and seasonal weight changes as they relate to spring and autumn set points in mule deer." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-107.
Full textAbstract:
Growth rate and potential, 25 hand-reared mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) were examined. When possible, body weights of all animals were recorded weekly. Female deer matured faster than males, but males attained a larger body size. Regressions of winter weight loss of both sexes on peak autumn weight were highly correlated. Similarly, spring and summer compensatory gain in females could be predicted from the minimum spring weight. Annual cycles of intake and weight gain may have adaptations that improve reproductive success and winter survival.
24
Krawczyk, Marcin, Mariusz Ozimek, Robert Rokowski, Mariusz Pociecha, and Pawel Draga. "ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ANAEROBIC POWER OF LOWER LIMBS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH RACE TIME IN FEMALE SPEED CLIMBERS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 25, 2018): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3268.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research indicates that high results in speed climbing are determined by a high level of explosive strength and muscle power in the lower limbs. However, a literature review shows that no studies have analysed women practicing this climbing discipline. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to assess the level of development of physique and the level of explosive strength and muscle power of the lower limbs of female speed climbers at a representative level. Furthermore, an attempt was made to analyse the relationships between the variables studied and race time in female speed climbers.The study included 5 female players (speed climbers) who were members of the national team in 2016. The measurements were made during the Polish National Team Camp. The analysis was based on the results of the fastest races expressed in seconds. The measurements and indices computed in the study included body height, body weight, lean body mass, BMI and ponderal index. The assessment of the power of the lower limbs was carried out using two jump tests: CMJ with arm swing and CMJ. Power was expressed relative to body weight and to lean body mass.The highest relationships with race time were recorded for body height (r = 0.94, p <0.05), body weight (r = 0.96, p <0.01) and lean body mass (LBM) ( r = 0.98, p <0.01). Strong but statistically insignificant relationships were recorded between race time and power indicators of the lower limbs (correlations above r = -0.66).In female speed climbing, race time can be determined by the level of physique. Smaller body size can allow female climbers to perform faster and achieve better times in speed climbing. It can be suggested that in female speed climbing, a high level of maximum alactic anaerobic capacity of the lower limbs is an important factor that affects race time. The results of our own research suggest that in female speed climbing, specific body characteristics may to a greater extent determine the race time compared to anaerobic maximum power of the lower limbs.
25
Salokangas, Raimo K. R., Teija Honkonen, Eija Stengård, and Jarmo Hietala. "Body mass index and functioning in long-term schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 22, no. 5 (July 2007): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.10.001.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveThe study evaluates the association of body mass index (BMI) with functioning in male and female patients with long-term schizophrenia.Method722 long-term schizophrenia patients were interviewed three years after discharge from hospital. Their weight and height were recorded and data on their background, illness history, psychosocial functioning (Global Assessment Scale; GAS), health behaviour, daily doses of neuroleptics, and psychiatric symptoms were collected.ResultsBMI correlated significantly with GAS scores in male (r = 0.202, p = 0.000) but not in female patients. In male patients, BMI associated significantly (p = 0.005) with GAS scores even when the effects of psychiatric symptoms and other confounding variables were taken into account.ConclusionsIn male but not in female long-term patients with schizophrenia, low BMI associates with poor functioning. It is suggested that among male schizophrenia patients, low BMI may be an indicator of poor functioning.
26
Tina, Fahmida Wazed, Mullica Jaroensutasinee, and Krisanadej Jaroensutasinee. "Sex and size affecting time allocations for activities in Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)." Crustaceana 89, no. 6-7 (2016): 759–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003555.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated the amount of time that large and small, male and female fiddler crabsUca annulipes(H. Milne Edwards, 1837) spent on feeding, walking, standing, grooming, burrowing, inside burrows, fighting, and courtship waving. We video-recorded the activities of 45 males (22 small and 23 large), and 39 females (19 small and 20 large) each for 5 min, and calculated the percentage of time spent on each activity/crab. Our results showed that both sexes spent more time on feeding than on other activities. Males spent more time on building burrows, walking, and grooming than females, and females spent more time inside burrows than males. Smaller males spent more time on feeding, and less time on building burrows and on waving than larger ones. There were no relations between female body size and activities. Feeding rate/feeding claw was higher in males than in females, and crab body size was negatively associated with feeding rate/min.
27
PADHI, M. K., S. C. GIRI, K. V. H. SASTRY, S. K. SAHOO, R. K. S. BAIS, and V. K. SAXENA. "Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Kuzi ducks of Odisha and evaluation of carcass quality." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i2.122082.
Full textAbstract:
In the present investigation, the Kuzi ducks of Odisha were studied with respect to different phenotypic traits and genetic parameters measured for Juvenile traits from 1,718 ducklings hatched in three hatches using 40 sires and 160 dams reared under standard management conditions. Fertility, hatchability, juvenile traits, body weight gains and plumage characteristics were recorded. Carcass characteristics of the drakes were also measured at 20 weeks of age. The average fertility was 75.42% and hatchability on total egg set and fertile egg set basis were 61.79 and 82.10%, respectively. The body weight between male and female showed sexual dimorphisms with respect to body weight and conformation traits from 4th week onwards in Kuzi ducks. The least square body weight recorded at 8 weeks of age in male, female and pooled over sexes were 1,388, 1,231 and 1,282 g, respectively. Heritability estimates for different juvenile traits were moderate to high in magnitude for the traits studied. Body weight recorded at 20 weeks of age was 1,818 g in male and 1,628 g in female. Total edible carcass yield was 76.48% at 20 weeks of age in male. Multi-colour is found to be dominant plumage colour. The study revealed that Kuzi ducks of Odisha have very good potential for duck farming in the country and the body weight of the duck may be improved by selection of the birds and the drake (male) may be used for meat purpose. The growth of the ducklings was very fast from 2 to 8 weeks of age.
28
Khanna, Archana, Ankita Singh, Bhanu Pratap Singh, and Faiz Khan. "Cardiorespiratory Fitness in University Level Volleyball Players and its Correlation with Body Fat." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2020-0015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction. The present study was aimed to compare the cardiorespiratory fitness levels (VO2max) between university level male and female volleyball players and to find its correlation with percentage body fat. Material and Methods. In the present cross-sectional study, male and female volleyball players (n = 15 each) aged 18-25 years were randomly selected from Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India. An equal number of sedentary individuals were also selected who did not indulge in any vigorous physical activity or training. Body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), % lean body mass of players and sedentary individuals were recorded using standard methods. Percentage body fat was calculated using the sum of four skinfolds and VO2max was recorded using Queen’s college step test. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. Unpaired t-test was used for comparison between players and sedentary individuals and two-way ANOVA was used to examine interaction of status (active players and sedentary individuals) and gender on VO2max. Results. Players had higher mean values for % lean body mass and VO2max. Statistically, highly significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between male and female players for all variables except BMI. Players had better cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) as compared to their sedentary counterparts. Conclusions. Significant differences exist between players and sedentary individuals for percentage body fat and percentage lean body mass. Cardiorespiratory fitness of players is negatively correlated with percentage body fat. Players have higher VO2max as compared to their sedentary counterparts.
29
Chin, Yit Siew, Mahenderan Appukutty, Masaharu Kagawa, Wan Ying Gan, Jyh Eiin Wong, Bee Koon Poh, Zalilah Mohd Shariff, and Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib. "Comparison of Factors Associated with Disordered Eating between Male and Female Malaysian University Students." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2020): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020318.
Full textAbstract:
Disordered eating is prevalent among university students, especially females. Whilst literature suggests that factors associated with disordered eating may differ according to gender, such an association has not been studied in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study aims to compare factors associated with disordered eating between male and female university students. A total of 716 university students (male: 27.4%; female: 72.6%) were recruited in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia. All participants completed a set of self-administered questionnaires and their body weight and height were recorded. About one in five of the university students (20.3%) were found to have disordered eating. There were more female students (22.9%) disordered eating compared to males (13.3%, χ2 = 8.16, p < 0.05). In male students (β = 0.228, p < 0.01), depressive symptoms were the only significant predictor for disordered eating. In females, the strongest predictor was depressive symptoms (β = 0.214, p < 0.001), followed by body size satisfaction (β = −0.145, p < 0.01) and body appreciation (β = −0.101, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that there are gender differences in the factors associated with disordered eating among Malaysian university students. Intervention programmes that address disordered eating should take into account these sex differences and its contributing factors.
30
Sontag, W., R. Wirth, A. Luz, E. Schäffer, and V. Volf. "Dosimetry and pathology of 237Np in female rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 16, no. 2 (February 1997): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719701600204.
Full textAbstract:
Female Sprague-Dawley rats, 10-12-week old and weigh ing about 240 g, were injected intravenously with 237Np nitrate. In the toxicological study 77 rats served as controls and 28 rats per group received single doses of 5.2 and 26 kBq, respectively, per kg body weight. In addition, 12 rats of each injection level, sacrificed at defined points in time, were used for dosimetric studies. During the whole life-span the body weight and 237Np whole body-content of each animal were recorded. After death a detailed pathological examination was made of each animal in the cronical study. One day after injection 48% of the injected activity was in the skeleton, 9.3% in the liver, 3% in the kidneys and 4.4% in the rest of the organs. Whereas in all organs the activity decreased very fast, the half-life in the skeleton was about 1400 days. The bodyweights were comparable in the three groups, but the life span decreased from 800 days (control group) to 644 days after injection (26 kBq kg -1 body weight group). The main lesions in the female rats were mammary tumors (73%) and pituitary gland tumors (52%). With increasing activity the incidence of pituary gland tumors decreased and that of osteosarco mas increased from 1.3% (control group) to 32% (26 kBq kg-1 body weight group), whereas the remaining lesions showed no influence on the activity.
31
Cheal, AJ, and NJ Gales. "Growth, Sexual Maturity and Food-Intake of Australian Indian-Ocean Bottle-Nosed Dolphins, Tursiops-Truncatus, in Captivity." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 2 (1992): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920215.
Full textAbstract:
Body size and food intake of four female and three male captive Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, were recorded regularly over a 10-year period. Growth of three captive-born female calves was also recorded. Growth of females parallelled that of South African bottlenose dolphins, tending toward an asymptote of c. 240 cm at 16 years of age. Growth of males was characterised by a secondary growth spurt at puberty between the ages of 10 and 12 years. Wild-caught females were approximately 10% heavier for age than their South African conspecifics. The captive-born females were up to 50% heavier than their African counterparts. Growth rates of females and males were 2.1-2.6 cm per year and 2.0-2.6 cm per year, respectively, between the ages of 3 and 16 years. Females were known to be reproductively mature at 11-13 years of age when lengths were between 227 and 238 cm. DNA fingerprinting of offspring and potential parents revealed that one of the three males was reproductively mature at 233 cm and another at either 222 or 226 cm. One of the males was sexually mature at the beginning of its secondary growth spurt at 10 or 11 years of age. Food intake of dolphins increased significantly with decreasing water temperature. It is suggested that variations in water temperature and food availability may play a role in governing body-size differences between T. truncatus populations.
32
Marcoux, Marianne, Hal Whitehead, and Luke Rendell. "Coda vocalizations recorded in breeding areas are almost entirely produced by mature female sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 4 (April 2006): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-035.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated the use and function of coda communication by sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus L., 1758 (= Physeter catodon L., 1758)). Codas are stereotyped patterns of clicks often made by sperm whales in social contexts. We used the pulsed structure of coda clicks recorded from socializing female/immature groups to estimate the body-length distribution of the animals producing the codas. Ninety-five percent of the 10 653 codas that we measured were produced by whales measuring from 9 to 11 m. This size range corresponds to the lengths of mature females. We compared these data to a length distribution calculated from photographic measurements of individuals from the same groups encountered during the same studies. There were more whales shorter than 8.5 m (10.0%) and longer than 12.5 m (2.7%) in the photographic length distribution than in that of the coda producers (0.30% and 0.08%, respectively). Since males leave their natal group when they are shorter than 9 m and return to breeding areas when they measure 13 m or more, our data show that the codas were produced almost entirely by mature females. We suggest that coda communication serves several functions, including social bonding.
33
Maly, Morgan A., Katie L. Edwards, Diana C. Koester, Charlotte E. Farin, and Adrienne E. Crosier. "Assessing puberty in female cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) via faecal hormone metabolites and body weight." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 18 (2021): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd21169.
Full textAbstract:
With fewer than 7500 cheetahs remaining in the wild, ex situ cheetah populations serve as an insurance policy against extinction and a resource to study species’ biology. This study aimed to identify the age of pubertal onset in ex situ female cheetahs using non-invasive faecal steroid hormone monitoring and body weights. Faecal samples from nine female cheetahs were collected two to three times weekly from 2 to 36months of age and body weights were recorded every 3months. Faecal oestrogen metabolites (FOM) and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) were analysed using enzyme immunoassays and samples were categorised into 6-month intervals to compare endocrine characteristics. Faecal hormone and body weight data were analysed using generalised linear mixed models. Age was a significant predictor of mean and baseline FOM concentrations, number of FOM peaks, mean and maximum FOM peak concentrations and the number of cycles. Female cheetahs aged 24–30months exhibited a marked rise in mean FOM concentration and the number of FOM peaks and cycles increased with age until 24–30months. Females attained adult body weight by 21months of age. Mean and baseline FGM concentrations were highest at the 0–6 and 12–18months of age groups and did not follow the same FOM patterns. Based on body weight data, the FOM concentrations and peak patterning, females were considered pubertal from 24 to 30months of age. Characterisation of cheetah puberty has direct and significant implications for the improvement of management and reproductive success of cheetahs under human care. This information is particularly informative for identifying important windows of development, littermate dispersal and breeding introductions.
34
SJ Aljabri, Khalid. "Frequency of Prediabetes According to Optimal Cut-Points for Body Mass Index in Saudi Population." Diabetes & Obesity International Journal 3, no. 3 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000183.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objective: The prevalence and incidence of prediabetes are increasing worldwide. Body mass index (BMI) cut-off for prediabetes can vary. The objective of this study is to identify the optimal BMI cut-off that is associated with prediabetes. Methods: For the present study, we analyzed participants who are equal to or older than 18 years old. A total of 5498 were selected to be enrolled for the present study. All patients were from the population of the primary health and diabetic Centers at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital. Participants were defined as having prediabetes according to selfreport, clinical reports, use of antidiabetic agents and HbA1c (5.7-6.4). All data were collected by personal interview and on the basis of a review of electronic medical data. Weight (kg) and height (cm) were measured by physician and nurse interviewers and recorded. The optimal sensitivity and specificity using different BMI cut-off values to predict the presence of prediabetes were examined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Of the 5498 participants analyzed, 2049 (37.3%) were male and 3449 (62.7%) were female with female to male ratio 1.7:1. Age was 42.7 ± 15.8 (minimum 18 years and maximum 105 years ) and males were significantly older than females (45.3 ± 16.6 vs. 41.1 ± 15.1 respectively, p<0.0001). BMI was 29.6 ± 6.9Vwhere females had higher BMI than males (30.1 ± 7.5 vs. 28.8 ± 5.5 respectively, p<0.0001). Prediabetes was present in 579 (10.5%), 89 (15.4%) were male and 490 (84.6%) were female with female to male ratio 5.5:1. Diagnostic performance of BMI in detecting prediabetes using optimal BMI cut-off values based on the shortest distance in ROC curve showed BMI values ranged from 28.50 to 29.50 in total population, 27.50 to 28.50 in male and from 28.50 to 29.50 in female. The AUC was 0.560 (95% CI, 0.503- 0.617) in male and 0.517 (95% CI, 0.490-0.544) in female. The predictive value of BMI in detecting prediabetes using BMI cut-off values based on the lowest significant association between BMI and the risk factors from the logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of prediabetes was significantly increased at BMI values as low as 21 kg/m2 and has not been increased as BMI increased. Applying this criterion to identify the cut-off values resulted in improvements in sensitivity, false negative rate and worsening in specificity and false positive rate. Using these lower BMI cut-offs resulted in a very small false negative rate ranging from 0.07 to 0.09. A significant positive association for total population was observed with BMI values starting at 21 kg/m2 and non significant association with BMI values for both genders. Conclusion: The diagnostic usefulness of BMI alone in defining obesity as risk for prediabetes is limited among men and women Saudi adults.
35
Noureen, Sajida, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem, Mirza Azhar Beg, and Maqsood Anwar. "Seasonal variation in the reproductive tract of the Indian flying fox, Pteropus giganteus (Brünnich, 1782)." Animal Biology 64, no. 4 (2014): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002450.
Full textAbstract:
Seasonal variation in the reproductive tract of Pteropus giganteus was studied at 13 sites of the Pothwar Plateau and Islamabad Capital Territory. Ninety-three dead specimens were collected from roosts, orchards and home-based small cultivations of fruit trees. In males, seasonal differences in testis length, testis width, cauda epididymidis length and penis length were recorded. Positive correlations were found between body weight, body length and all parameters of male reproductive tract. Significant monthly variations in testes conditions (viz. flaccid and turgid) were observed. In females, seasonal variation in reproductive tract weight, ovary length, ovary width, uterus length and uterus width were seen. In females, a strong relationship of body weight with total body length and female reproductive tract parameters were found. In flying foxes’ population of Pothwar, first mating was observed in December-January and second in June-July, suggesting two mating seasons in winter and summer.
36
Edama, Mutsuaki, Hiromi Inaba, Fumi Hoshino, Saya Natsui, Sae Maruyama, and Go Omori. "The relationship between the female athlete triad and injury rates in collegiate female athletes." PeerJ 9 (April 6, 2021): e11092. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11092.
Full textAbstract:
Background This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the triad risk assessment score and the sports injury rate in 116 female college athletes (average age, 19.8 ± 1.3 years) in seven sports at the national level of competition; 67 were teenagers, and 49 were in their 20s. Methods Those with menstrual deficiency for >3 months or <6 menses in 12 months were classified as amenorrheic athletes. Low energy availability was defined as adolescent athletes having a body weight <85% of ideal body weight, and for adult athletes in their 20s, a body mass index ≤17.5 kg/m2. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured on the heel of the right leg using an ultrasonic bone densitometer. Low BMD was defined as a BMD Z-score <−1.0. The total score for each athlete was calculated. The cumulative risk assessment was defined as follows: low risk (a total score of 0–1), moderate risk (2–5), and high risk (6). The injury survey recorded injuries referring to the injury survey items used by the International Olympic Committee. Results In swimming, significantly more athletes were in the low-risk category than in the moderate and high-risk categories (p = 0.004). In long-distance athletics, significantly more athletes were in the moderate-risk category than in the low and high-risk categories (p = 0.004). In the moderate and high-risk categories, significantly more athletes were in the injury group, whereas significantly more athletes in the low-risk category were in the non-injury group (p = 0.01). Significantly more athletes at moderate and high-risk categories had bone stress fractures and bursitis than athletes at low risk (p = 0.023). Discussion These results suggest that athletes with relative energy deficiency may have an increased injury risk.
37
Willis, Craig K. R., Jeffrey E. Lane, Eric T. Liknes, David L. Swanson, and R. Mark Brigham. "Thermal energetics of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-074.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated thermoregulation and energetics in female big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois, 1796). We exposed bats to a range of ambient temperatures (Ta) and used open-flow respirometry to record their metabolic responses. The bats were typically thermoconforming and almost always entered torpor at Tas below the lower critical temperature Tlc of 26.7 °C. Basal metabolic rate (BMR, 16.98 ± 2.04 mL O2·h–1, mean body mass = 15.0 ± 1.4 g) and torpid metabolic rate (TMR, 0.460 ± 0.207 mL O2·h–1, mean body mass = 14.7 ± 1.3 g) were similar to values reported for other vespertilionid bats of similar size and similar to a value for E. fuscus BMR calculated from data in a previous paper. However, we found that big brown bats had a lower Tlc and lower thermal conductance at low Ta relative to those measured in the previous study. During torpor, the minimum individual body temperature (Tb) that we recorded was 1.1 °C and the bats began defending minimum Tb at Ta of approximately 0 °C. BMR of big brown bats was 76% of that predicted for bats based on the relationship between BMR and body mass. However, the Vespert ilionidae have been under-represented in previous analyses of the relationship between BMR and body mass in bats. Our data, combined with data for other vespertilionids, suggest that the family may be characterized by a lower BMR than that predicted based on data from other groups of bats.
38
Ogah, D. M., and M. Kabir. "Variability in size and shape in muscovy duck with age: Principal component analysis." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 3 (2013): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1303493o.
Full textAbstract:
Body weight and six linear body measurements, body length (BL), breast circumference (BCC), thigh length (TL), shank length (SL), total leg length (TLL) and wing length were recorded on 150 male and female muscovy ducklings and evaluated at 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks of age. Principal component analysis was used to study the dependence structure among the body measurements and to quantify sex differences in morphometric size and shape variations during growth. The first principal components at each of the five ages in both sexes accounted between 71.54 to 92.95% of the variation in the seven measurements and provided a linear function of size with nearly equal emphasis on all traits. The second principal components in all cases also accounted for between 6.7 to 16.17% of the variations in the dependence structure of the system in the variables as shape, the coefficient for the PCS at various ages were sex dependent with males showing higher variability because of spontaneous increase in size and shape than females. Contribution of the general size factor to the total variance increase with age in both male and female ducklings, while shape factor tend to be stable in males and inconsistent in females.
39
Ogah, D. M., and M. Kabir. "Variability in size and shape in muscovy duck with age: Principal component analysis." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 30, no. 1 (2014): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1401125o.
Full textAbstract:
Body weight and six linear body measurements, body length (BL), breast circumference (BCC), thigh length (TL), shank length (SL), total leg length (TLL) and wing length were recorded on 150 male and female muscovy ducklings and evaluated at 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks of age. Principal component analysis was used to study the dependence structure among the body measurements and to quantify sex differences in morphometric size and shape variations during growth. The first principal components at each of the five ages in both sexes accounted between 71.54 to 92.95% of the variation in the seven measurements and provided a linear function of size with nearly equal emphasis on all traits. The second principal components in all cases also accounted for between 6.7 to 16.17% of the variations in the dependence structure of the system in the variables as shape, the coefficient for the PCs at various ages were sex dependent with males showing higher variability because of spontaneous increase in size and shape than females. Contribution of the general size factor to the total variance increase with age in both male and female ducklings, while shape factor tend to be stable in males and inconsistent in females.
40
Paul, Dipankar, Mst Tasnima Khatun, Md Taskin Parvez, Shahroz Mahean Haque, and Zoarder Faruque Ahmed. "Length-weight relationships and growth pattern of Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1844) from the river Old Brahmaputra, Bangladesh." Journal of Fisheries 9, no. 3 (November 8, 2021): 93204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.388.
Full textAbstract:
Study of biological parameters of a species is important for its sustainable management. The length-weight relationships and growth patterns of Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1844), collected from the river Old Brahmaputra in Bangladesh, were determined in this study based on 359 specimens (carapace length, CL: 11–90 mm; body weight, BW: 0.2–54.4 g) including 308 male and 351 female individuals. For both sexes, intercepts, slopes, and coefficients of determinations of regression analyses between CL and BW varied monthly. The lowest values of intercept (–11.51 and –11.65 for male and female respectively) was recorded in October whereas the highest values were recorded in January for male (–7.01) and March for female (–8.26 for female). The minimum coefficient of determination was 0.784 (for male) and 0.801 (for female) whereas the maximum coefficient of determination was recorded 0.971 (for male) and 0.970 (for female). For male, the b value at 95% Cl revealed that the growth in March, June, July, September and February were isometric and in April, May, October, November and January were allometric. Whereas for female, the growth in March, April, June, July, November, January and February were isometric and was allometric in May, September and October.
41
Kotiaho, Janne, Rauno V. Alatalo, Johanna Mappes, and Silja Parri. "Fighting success in relation to body mass and drumming activity in the male wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 1532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-777.
Full textAbstract:
In the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata, males court females by drumming dry leaves with their abdomen. Females prefer to mate with the most actively drumming males, and courtship drumming activity is also positively correlated with male viability. However, body mass of the males seems to have only a minor, if any, effect on female choice or male viability. There is also no correlation between male body mass and courtship drumming activity. We studied the effect of body mass and courtship drumming activity on the outcome of agonistic encounters between male H. rubrofasciata. For this purpose, males and females were randomly placed in a plastic arena, where male courtship drumming activity and agonistic encounters were recorded. Large differences in body mass and drumming activity between two rivals seemed to independently increase the probability of the larger or more active males winning. We conclude that while courtship drumming activity affects the fighting success of the males, and body mass more so, male–male interactions may not be of major importance in sexual selection of H. rubrofasciata.
42
Shrestha, Ratindra Nath, Dinesh Banstola, Dipeshwara Nepal, and Prakash Baral. "Estimation of Stature from Nasal Length." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 55, no. 204 (December 23, 2016): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.2859.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Estimation of stature for the purpose of identification has a significant forensic importance. This technique is based on a principle that bones or human body parts correlate positively with the stature. Stature can be estimated from measurements of various body parts such as arm, leg, feet, finger, facial height, nasal height etc. The aim of study was to correlate Stature of Nepalese with Nasal height and estimate Stature from Nasal height.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 214 healthy adults comprising 110 males and 104 females in the age group of 25 to 35 years were carried out. Study was carried out in central Nepal where people from various parts of Nepal are migrated. Total body height and Nasal height were recorded with stadiometer and sliding caliper respectively.Results: The mean of total body height in the male and female was 160.4 (±6.80) cm and 151.8 (±4.88) cm respectively. The mean of nasal height in the male and female was 4.6 (±0.31) cm and 4.3 (±0.29) cm respectively. This study observed that in both male and female nasal height had positive partial correlation with stature; r = 0.18 for male and 0.19 for female. Stature in nepali population could be calculated as: Stature=148.22+3.02x nasal height in male where as Stature=133.01+3.12x nasal height in female.Conclusions: Both Nepali male and female nasal height had positive partial correlation with stature; r = 0.18 for male and 0.19 for female. Stature in Nepali population could be calculated as: Stature=148.22+3.02x nasal height in male where as Stature=133.01+3.12x nasal height in female.Keywords: estimation; stature; nasal height. | PubMed
43
Crisp, Rachel J., Lauren J. N. Brent, and Gerald G. Carter. "Social dominance and cooperation in female vampire bats." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 7 (July 2021): 210266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210266.
Full textAbstract:
When group-living animals develop individualized social relationships, they often regulate cooperation and conflict through a dominance hierarchy. Female common vampire bats have been an experimental system for studying cooperative relationships, yet surprisingly little is known about female conflict. Here, we recorded the outcomes of 1023 competitive interactions over food provided ad libitum in a captive colony of 33 vampire bats (24 adult females and their young). We found a weakly linear dominance hierarchy using three common metrics (Landau's h ’ measure of linearity, triangle transitivity and directional consistency). However, patterns of female dominance were less structured than in many other group-living mammals. Female social rank was not clearly predicted by body size, age, nor reproductive status, and competitive interactions were not correlated with kinship, grooming nor food sharing. We therefore found no evidence that females groomed or shared food up a hierarchy or that differences in rank explained asymmetries in grooming or food sharing. A possible explanation for such apparently egalitarian relationships among female vampire bats is the scale of competition. Female vampire bats that are frequent roostmates might not often directly compete for food in the wild.
44
Soo, Karen, and Geraldine Naughton. "The Hydration Profile of Female Cricket Players during Competition." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 17, no. 1 (February 2007): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.17.1.14.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the hydration profile of high-performance female cricket players competing at a national tournament. The profile comprised hydration monitoring (n = 18) and a questionnaire (n = 20). Our objectives were to 1) advance the understanding of fluid losses in cricket sessions across a tournament and 2) assess the hydration knowledge and practices in female cricket players. Body mass before and after each game inning was recorded in order to estimate sweat rate, sweat loss, and percentage body-mass loss. Comparisons were made between groups categorized according to level of activity during each inning. When sweat rates were estimated according to actual activity time, results were in the range of those in other female team sports but less than results from male cricket players. A range of knowledge of hydration issues was also observed. This study supports the need for individualized hydration recommendations and provides direction for further hydration education in women’s cricket.
45
Nawaz, Razia, Wasim Khan, Ratko Pavlović, Tasleem Arif, and Sardar Nasir Sohail. "EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION OF OVERWEIGHT FEMALE; INSPIRING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TO PRACTICE AND RECEIVE MORE ADVANTAGEOUS WAY OF LIFE." Sportlogia 16, no. 1 (December 17, 2020): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5550/sgia.201601.en.nkpas.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study aimed to look at assessing the effects of aerobic exercise on body composition of overweight female aging 22-27 years.A sample of n=30 (thirty) overweight female aging 22-27 years in District Tonsa (Punjab), Pakistan were included as subject. A four (04) week exercise protocol was prepared and used among females of the experimental group. The experimental group was subjected to measure the anthropometric as well as 3- site skin fold measurements. The data regarding pre and post-test of both groups-control and experimental were carefully recorded and entered into the computer for analyses. For this purpose, both descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Independent Samples t-Test and Paired Samples t-Test) were used for analyzing the data. The analyzed data established that the mean score of (EG) in pre and post-test were found as 28.66 and 23.5. The t-value of the table is 5.022 and P-value is 0.001 which is lower than the significant level (P<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that the difference between Pre and Post-test of Control Group has shown the significant effects of aerobic exercises on body fat percentage of overweight females. According to the analyzed data the mean value of Post-tests regarding body fat percentage of Control Group were 28.89 and Experimental Group was 23.5. The P-value 0.002 and t-value -987 in the table depict the significant statistical difference between the two means of Control and Experimental Group in Body Mass Index (P<0.05).The results of the study indicated that the four weeks’ aerobic exercise protocol has a significant effect on overweight females in the perspective of decreasing their body fat percentage. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that more and more involved in physical activity and exercise among female folk may be ensured.
46
Kosova, M. S., and E. S. Pashinskaya. "Evaluation of the Reproductive Ability of Male Rats in Acute Toxoplasmosis." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 4 (September 18, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.04.044.
Full textAbstract:
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease of humans and animals caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma is an intracellular parasite that belongs to the simplest and has a complex development cycle. Infection with Toxoplasma is possible orally, transplacentally, percutaneously (if the integrity of the skin is damaged). This invasion is often the cause of problems with bearing pregnancy, as well as the development of congenital anomalies in children. The purpose of the study was to study the reproductive ability of male rats in acute toxoplasmosis. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 90 female and 45 male Wistar rats with a body weight of 180-200 g. The intact control males were orally injected with 2 ml of 0.2% starch gel. Experimental groups of males were infected with an invasive Toxoplasma gondii culture at a dose of 25 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight (5000 tachyzoites per rat) and 50 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight (10000 tachyzoites per rat). Then the males of all groups were coupled with the females for 3 days. The effect of toxoplasmas on the reproductive ability of male rats was assessed by the development of pregnancy and changes in the levels of pre- and post-implantation embryo death in female rats on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days after pregnancy. To account for changes in the pre- and post-implantation death of embryos in female rats after removal from the experiment, the uterus and ovaries were isolated, the uterine horns were opened, the number of implantation sites, the total number of embryos, the number of living and dead embryos, the number of resorption, and the number of yellow bodies in the ovaries were determined. Results and discussion. In the females of the 4th, 5th and 6th groups (coupling with males infected at the dose of 25 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight), a decrease in the number of implantation sites in the uterus, the total number of embryos and the number of live embryos was recorded by 1.8-1.9 times compared to the control parameters. In female rats of the 7th, 8th and 9th groups (coupling with males infected at the dose of 50 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight), there was a decrease in the number of implantation sites in the uterus, the total number of embryos and the number of live embryos by 5.6-6.8 times compared to the control. When compared to the results obtained from the females of the 4th, 5th and 6th groups, a decrease in these indicators was recorded by 3.1-3.5 times. Conclusion. Toxoplasma gondii has an effect on reproductive capacity in male rats expressed in changes of the levels of preimplantation mortality in female rats. The obtained effect depends on the dose of infection and the period of parasitosis development in males
47
Lakshmi, Dr P. V. V., Dr M. Syamala Devi, Dr N. Uma, and Dr N. Sharmila. "Study of Obesity and Fat Distribution in Young Medical Students." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i06.019.
Full textAbstract:
The Body Mass Index (BMI) and body weight do not give enough information about a person’s body composition. Measuring the fat free mass gives us the extra information we need. The body composition can be measured in several ways. Unfortunately none of these techniques is a gold standard. That is why different techniques are combined in a full body composition assessment. This study aims to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity and the fat distribution in medical students. Two hundred (200) preclinical, 100 male and 100 female age matched students (mean 18.93 ± 0.75 years) were included in the study. BMI, waist hip ratio, body fat, skeletal muscle mass and their bodily distribution were recorded by using an electronic body composition analyzer. The subjects were divided into undernourished (UN=BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal (N=BMI>18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (OW=BMI>23-27.99 kg/m2) and obese (OB=BMI >28 Kgm2) groups based on BMI cut off values for Asians. The data analyzed showed that 32% of the Male (mean BMI = 25.41 ±1.46 kg/m2) 33% of the Female (mean BMI =25.03 ± 1.44 kg/m2) were over weight and 16% of Males (mean BMI =31.08 ±1.91) 8% Females(mean BMI= 30.73 ± 1.66) were obese. The average total body fat in males was 20.75 ± 6.69% and 28.55 ± 5.86% in females. The total body fat was high in obese males and females 26.67±4.37, 36.73 ±0.46% respectively as compared to other groups. The visceral fat was high in obese males (14.40 ± 2, 27%) and whereas obese females had normal levels at (9.5 ± 1.0%). The subcutaneous fat was more in the lower limbs than in the trunk area in both males and females. The skeletal muscle mass was about 34.5 ± 3.44% in males and 26.98 ± 2.55% in females which was slightly less than the recommended values. The leg area had more muscle mass than other areas. The findings clearly indicate increase in total body fat increases with BMI and WHR.
48
Kantanista, Adam, Agata Glapa, Adrianna Banio, Wiesław Firek, Anna Ingarden, Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko, Paweł Markiewicz, Katarzyna Płoszaj, Mateusz Ingarden, and Zuzanna Maćkowiak. "Body Image of Highly Trained Female Athletes Engaged in Different Types of Sport." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6835751.
Full textAbstract:
Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in body image across different types of sports in highly trained female athletes. Methods. 242 female individuals, aged 13–30 years (M=20.0, SD = 4.5), representing aesthetic sports (n=56) and nonaesthetic sports (n=186), were recruited from different sports clubs in Poland. Body image, BMI, age, the level of competition attained, and the training background of participants were recorded. Results. One-way ANOVA showed differences in the body image of athletes engaged in different types of sport (F(11,230)=4.10, p<0.001, and η2=0.16). The model predicting the body image of female athletes was significant (F(5,236)=10.40, p<0.001); the adjusted R2=0.163. Type of sport explained 7.1% (β=–0.263, p<0.001), age explained 4.5% (β=0.341,p<0.001), BMI explained 3.6% (β=–0.230,p<0.001), and level of competition explained 0.9% (β=0.153, p<0.05) of variance in body image. Conclusions. The findings provide vital new knowledge which can be used by researchers and practitioners in designing educational programs on weight-related behaviors in female athletes. Such programs should be implemented especially in young female athletes participating in high-level sporting activities at an early stage.
49
Phommavongsa, Sakkouna, Phan Hoang Anh Nguyen, and Quang Manh Vu. "Morphological sexual characteristics of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus(Lepeletier et Serville, 1825) (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) in Lao PDR." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(1).12-15.
Full textAbstract:
Studies on morphological sexual systematical characteristics of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus were carried out throughout Lao PDR, conducted in the Centre for Biodiversity Resources Education and Development, Hanoi National University of Education, period 2021-2022. It is not recorded a special sexual difference in morphological characteristics and colour of the giant water bug. The male’s body measurements are smaller than those of the female, 78.64±3.28 and 71.31±4.43 mm, respectively. Differences in sex morphology were observed in their genital structure. The female sex organ is the long, slender, and soft gonapophysis. The male mating organ has a diverticulum, which divides into two parallel paramere branches along the length of the body, forming an inward curved hook at the apex. The proportion between the length and width of the last abdomen segment is the most recognisable feature that contributes to sex discrimination in giant water bug with values of 1.06 and 1.00 respectively in males and females.
50
Giglio, M. J., A. M. Sanz, A. Constanzo, and C. E. Bozzini. "Impeded Eruption Rate of the Rat Maxillary Incisor During Exposure to Different Simulated Altitudes." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 9 (September 1987): 1490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660091501.
Full textAbstract:
Female rats weighing about 200 g each were separated into normoxic and hypoxic groups. The former were maintained at sea-level conditions. The hypoxic groups were placed in an altitude chamber and maintained at the equivalent of 1850 m, 4100 m, or 7100 m over a period of two weeks. Hematocrit, body weight, body length, and impeded eruption rate were recorded once a week. Food intake was recorded every day. Exposure to 1850 m did not significantly alter hematocrit, body weight and body length gains, food intake, and impeded eruption rate. Nevertheless, exposure to 4100 m and 7100 m decreased body weight and body length gains, food intake, and impeded eruption rate, and increased hematocrit value. These parameters varied as a function of altitude. In spite of the lack of conclusive evidence, this work affords further insight into the particular significance of polycythemia on the eruption rate.