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Journal articles on the topic 'Recurrent crime'
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Filippova, Olga V. "Criminological characteristics of recurrent crime in the Central Federal District of Russia." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 3 (2022): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2022-6-3-394-403.
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In the present study, based on criminal statistics data for the period from 2011 to 2021 in Russia and the Central Federal District, an analysis of the state of recurrent crime was carried out, its dynamics, level and structure were determined, territorial features were identified. It is proved that: the level of recurrent crime in the Central Federal District is lower than the national average; recurrent crime occupies a noticeably smaller share in total crime than in Russia as a whole. The structure of recurrent crime in the Central Federal District is characterized by a greater prevalence of crimes against property and against the management order and a lower proportion of crimes against life and health, as well as against road safety and transport operation. Based on this, it is concluded that relapse in this federal district is less dangerous than in other regions. Among the negative trends of recurrent crime in central Russia, there has been a significant increase in recurrent crime in recent years and increased criminal activity of recidivists during the first year after release from prison. In addition, in some regions of Russia there is an increased level of relapse (Tambov, Kostroma regions). This should be taken into account when developing regional prevention programs.
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Tsion, Eshetu Meskela, Kibru Afework Yidnekachew, Asres Ayele Nigus, Wendwosen Teferi Muluken, and Berihun Mengist Tagele. "Designing Time Series Crime Prediction Model using Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 9, no. 4 (2020): 402–5. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D5025.119420.
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Crime influences people in many ways. Prior studies have shown the relationship between time and crime incidence behavior. This research attempts to determine and examine the relationship between time, crime incidences types and locations by using one of the neural network models for time series data that is, Long Short-Term Memory network. The collected data is pre-processed, analyzed and tested using Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural network model. R-square score is also used to test the accuracy. The study results show that applying Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM RNN) enables to come up with more accurate prediction about crime incidence occurrence with respect to time. Predicting crimes accurately helps to improve crime prevention and decision and advance the justice system.
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Wang, Chenyu, Zongyu Lin, Xiaochen Yang, Jiao Sun, Mingxuan Yue, and Cyrus Shahabi. "HAGEN: Homophily-Aware Graph Convolutional Recurrent Network for Crime Forecasting." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 4 (2022): 4193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i4.20338.
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The goal of the crime forecasting problem is to predict different types of crimes for each geographical region (like a neighborhood or censor tract) in the near future. Since nearby regions usually have similar socioeconomic characteristics which indicate similar crime patterns, recent state-of-the-art solutions constructed a distance-based region graph and utilized Graph Neural Network (GNN) techniques for crime forecasting, because the GNN techniques could effectively exploit the latent relationships between neighboring region nodes in the graph if the edges reveal high dependency or correlation. However, this distance-based pre-defined graph can not fully capture crime correlation between regions that are far from each other but share similar crime patterns. Hence, to make a more accurate crime prediction, the main challenge is to learn a better graph that reveals the dependencies between regions in crime occurrences and meanwhile captures the temporal patterns from historical crime records. To address these challenges, we propose an end-to-end graph convolutional recurrent network called HAGEN with several novel designs for crime prediction. Specifically, our framework could jointly capture the crime correlation between regions and the temporal crime dynamics by combining an adaptive region graph learning module with the Diffusion Convolution Gated Recurrent Unit (DCGRU). Based on the homophily assumption of GNN (i.e., graph convolution works better where neighboring nodes share the same label), we propose a homophily-aware constraint to regularize the optimization of the region graph so that neighboring region nodes on the learned graph share similar crime patterns, thus fitting the mechanism of diffusion convolution. Empirical experiments and comprehensive analysis on two real-world datasets showcase the effectiveness of HAGEN.
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Filippova, O. V. "The state of recurrent crime in the Siberian federal district." Siberian Law Herald 1 (2023): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2023.1.72.
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Based on the statistical data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation on recidivism in Russia and the Siberian Federal District (hereinafter referred to as the SFD), the main indicators of recidivism crime are determined - the level, structure of the dynamics and conclusions are drawn about the state and trends in the development of recidivism in the SFD and its individual subjects. The article shows that increased rates of recidivism are recorded in the Siberian Federal District, there are differences in the structure of recidivism from all-Russian crime. The conclusion is made about the increased rates of recidivism in the Siberian Federal District and individual subjects included in its composition, the features of the structure of recidivism in the Siberian Federal District and its differences from the all-Russian crime are highlighted. It was found that the volume of recidivism and persons who had previously committed crimes in the Siberian Federal District increased throughout the study period. The proportion of recidivist crimes in the Siberian Federal District in the total number of those investigated is the highest in the country. The largest number of recidivist crimes is registered in the Kemerovo region, Krasnoyarsk and Altai territories, Irkutsk region. The recidivism rate per 100,000 people in the Siberian Federal District is 1.5 times higher than the Russian average; in some subjects of the Siberian Federal District it exceeds the same indicator in the country to an even greater extent (the Republics of Altai, Tyva and Khakassia). It is argued that the most recidivist subjects of the Siberian Federal District are regions with a high level of general crime: the Republics of Tyva, Altai and Khakassia, where recidivism rates are 2-2.5 times higher than the national average, the level of general crime exceeds the Russian indicator by 1.9, 1, 6 and 1.5 times, respectively. In the structure of recidivism in the Siberian Federal District, a large share is occupied by crimes against life and health, as well as crimes against traffic safety and transport operation. In addition, compared with Russian indicators, the Siberian Federal District has a higher proportion of probationers among those who have committed a relapse. In the subjects of the Siberian Federal District, in which the share of crimes against property is higher than the national average, crimes against life and health occupy a relatively small share.
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S. Jeya Selvakumari, V. Joseph Peter. "Crime Classification Using GRU and 1CNN Techniques." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 4 (2023): 4792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i4.1796.
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Criminal activity is a widespread social problem that affects a nation's standard of living, rate of economic development, and international standing. Numerous crimes have proliferated worldwide in recent years. It has a variety of effects on people of all types. Classification of crime is necessary to create a safe society. Many researchers classify the crimes using machine learning techniques with a common dataset, which presents numerous computational opportunities and challenges. Using the learning capabilities of several deep learning architectures, we are trying to classify the criminal activity from the real-time dataset of particular city. In the proposed work, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Convolutional Neural Network (1CNN) deep learning architecture are used for crime classification. We have conducted performance comparison for classifying the crime with real-time dataset. The effectiveness of the aforementioned deep learning models was assessed by Training and Validation Loss curve. It was discovered that 1CNN models achieve better result compared to GRU. 1CNN produced 97% accuracy.
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Barbosa, Manuel Fernando Santos, and Luis Manuel Coelho Monteiro. "Recurrent Criminal Behavior and Executive Dysfunction." Spanish Journal of Psychology 11, no. 1 (2008): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004297.
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Objective:To experimentally test the hypothesis that people who repeatedly participate in forms of non-violent crime exhibit an executive deficit detected in tests of high ecological validity, having changes in prefrontal functioning as neurophysiologic basis.Participants and Methods:A battery to assess executive dysfunction was administered – the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) –to an experimental group of 30 inmates convicted of crimes against property (mean age = 39.3, SD =9.98), and a control group of 30 (mean age = 32.7, SD = 11.8), all male.Results:The group of recurrent inmates performed significantly worse than the control group in their global scores on the battery, as well as in the majority of subscales.Conclusion:Without removing from consideration the fact that sample size was not very large and, primarily, alerting ourselves to the dangerous hypothesis of a “frontal criminogenesis,” the authors interpret criminal recurrence and resistance to penal measures in terms of the scarcity of control that individuals from the experimental group have over their behavior and its respective consequences.
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Arias Badia, Blanca, and Jenny Brumme. "Subtitling stereotyped discourse in the crime TV series Dexter (2006) and Castle (2009)." Journal of Specialised Translation, no. 22 (July 25, 2014): 110–31. https://doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2014.364.
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Recurrent communicative events in TV police procedurals, as dictated by genre conventions, lead to the use of recurrent, stereotypical language in these audiovisual products. This paper explores repeated lexicon and syntactic structures (text blocks) from corpse finding and initial forensic analysis, as well as from interrogation sequences in crime TV shows. It also reflects on the extent to which such repetition poses a challenge for subtitlers. The examples for analysis have been taken from the American TV shows Dexter (2006) and Castle (2009). The paper sheds light on how textual recurrence supports recognition of the genre and plot structures and helps to condense, up to a certain degree, the relevant elements of the message in the case of subtitling. As the genre under study is at the crossroads between fiction, specialised discourse and evocation of everyday conversation, this paper combines approaches from different research fields in order to use the most widespread concepts related to recurrence for the benefit of translation studies.
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Perc, Matjaž, Karsten Donnay, and Dirk Helbing. "Understanding Recurrent Crime as System-Immanent Collective Behavior." PLoS ONE 8, no. 10 (2013): e76063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076063.
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Ofori-Dua, Kwadwo, Nachinaab John Onzaberigu, and Richard Kofi Nimako. "Victims, the Forgotten Party in the Criminal Justices System: The Perception and Experiences of Crime Victims in Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana." Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice 2, no. 2 (2019): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516606919885516.
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Crime victims are an integral part of the criminal justice system. There has been recurrent consensus of opinion that without crime victims there can be no effective prosecution. Nevertheless, most studies have been crime-offender-centred. This research explored the experiences of the crime victim in the criminal justice system. Methodologically, this study employed a qualitative technique, face-to-face interviews to collect data. Purposive, snowball, expert sampling techniques were used to select respondents. The study revealed that although most crime victims were satisfied at the reporting stage, they were dissatisfied getting to the end of the criminal justice system process. Victims of offences as robbery and defrauding wanted their monies back after the imprisonment of offender whilst victims of violent crimes like rape, assault and murder want compensation to foot medical bills and other losses they incurred. Victims generally perceive that prosecution and conviction given to perpetrators were not deterring enough. The findings showed that crime victims felt re-victimised by CJS officials; especially because they were not treated with human dignity and the victims had many interesting conceptions of ‘being treated with dignity’ and ‘not being treated with dignity. The study concluded that the CJS should administer justice expeditiously and should be more inclusive.
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Batyrgareieva, Vladislava S., and Sandra Kaija. "Criminal Recidivism Prevention as One of the Determinative Directions of the Agenda of the United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 3, no. 15 (2019): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.15.2019.3.024-036.
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Crime structure of any country in the world always has recurrent crime, the scale of which is not amenable to reduction practically. This crime is the most dangerous manifestation of criminal behaviour of a person, because the return of a person to committing new crimes indicates that the measures which were taken to re-socialise them have proved ineffective. Therefore, the problem of criminal recidivism and combating with it occupies a prominent place among issues which are discussed at the level of UN Congresses on the prevention of crime and the treatment of offenders. In the article the provisions of the materials of these Congresses on criminal recidivism and the practice of its prevention are analysed in detail. At the same time, approaches to the calculation of recurrent crimes on the example of separate countries (USA, UK and Ukraine) are clarified. It is concluded that the scale of recidivism because of different methods of counting recurrent crimes is very different in different countries. This leads to the inability to draw a single picture of the prevalence of criminal recidivism in different regions of the world. It is concluded that to achieve appreciable results in the combating recidivism first of all, some methodological issues need to be resolved. One of them should be an attempt at an international level to develop a more or less standardised method of accounting for recidivism in national practices, which would include: firstly, a clear understanding of which offenses should be considered as recurrent; and secondly, the definition of terms based on which quantitative indicators of recidivism are provided. Jebkuras pasaules valsts noziedzības struktūrā vienmēr pastāv recidīvs, kura mērogu praktiski nav iespējams samazināt. Recidīvā noziedzība ir visbīstamākā personas noziedzīgās uzvedības izpausme, jo personas atgriešanās pie jaunu noziedzīgu nodarījumu izdarīšanas liecina, ka pasākumi to socializēšanai ir izrādījušies neefektīvi. Tāpēc recidīva problēma un tā apkarošana ir būtisks jautājums, kas tiek apspriests Apvienoto Nāciju kongresos par noziedzības novēršanu un sankcijām attiecībā uz likumpārkāpējiem. Rakstā analizēti šo kongresu materiāli par noziedzīgo nodarījumu recidīvu un tā novēršanas praksi, raksturotas atsevišķu valstu (ASV, Lielbritānijas un Ukrainas) pieejas noziedzīgo nodarījumu recidīva aprēķināšanā. Secināts, ka dažādās valstīs recidīvisma mērogs atšķirīgu atkārtotu noziegumu skaitīšanas metožu dēļ ir ļoti atšķirīgs. Un tas noved pie tā, ka nav iespējams izveidot vienotu ainu par noziedzīgo nodarījumu recidīva izplatību dažādos pasaules reģionos. Secināts, ka vērā ņemamu rezultātu sasniegšanai recidīva apkarošanā ir jāatrisina daži metodoloģiski jautājumi. Vienam no tiem vajadzētu būt mēģinājumam starptautiskā līmenī izstrādāt vairāk vai mazāk standartizētu recidīvisma uzskaites metodi nacionālajā praksē, kas ietvertu: pirmkārt, skaidri definētu izpratni par to, kuri nodarījumi uzskatāmi par atkārtotiem; un, otrkārt, tādu terminu definēšanu, uz kuru pamata tiek sniegti recidīvisma kvantitatīvie rādītāji.
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Memarian, Azadeh, Seyed Hossein Moosavinezhad Baboli, and Hanieh Saboori Shekofteh. "Insanity defence in bipolar patients at the time of committing murder according to Iranian law: Case studies." Medico-Legal Journal 88, no. 1 (2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817219876548.
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Bipolar disorder is a chronic, relapsing illness characterised by recurrent episodes of manic or depressive symptoms, with intervening periods that are relatively (but not fully) symptom-free. Studies have found higher rates of psychiatric disorders in homicide offenders than in the general population. The insanity defence is a legal construct that, under some circumstances, excuses defendants with mental illness from legal responsibility for criminal behaviour. Here we report two cases of family murder by the mother of the family caused by bipolar disease. The role of the forensic psychiatrist in diagnosing insanity during the commission of a crime is very important as these patients should be diagnosed, treated as soon as possible, and monitored. Public education through social media should be considered to reduce crimes in societies. Diagnosing insanity during the commission of a crime is very important and requires high precision forensic psychiatry. Public education through social media should be considered to reduce crimes in societies.
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Lima, Sonia Oliveira, Lara Gabriella Dultra Sales, Luís Henrique Santos De Menezes, et al. "Violência sexual feminina: um crime intradomiciliar recorrente / Sexual violence against women: a recurrent domestic crime." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 2 (2022): 14658–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n2-406.
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Lima, Sonia Oliveira, Lara Gabriella Dultra Sales, Luís Henrique Santos De Menezes, et al. "Violência sexual feminina: um crime intradomiciliar recorrente / Sexual violence against women: a recurrent domestic crime." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 2 (2022): 9992–10007. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n2-102.
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Thayyaba Khatoon Mohammed. "A Novel Fusion Approach for Advancement in Crime Prediction and Forecasting using Hybridization of ARIMA and Recurrent Neural Networks." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 38s (2025): 404–20. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i38s.6863.
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Introduction: Law enforcement agencies have struggled to forecast crime due to the complexity of criminal conduct and its dynamic elements. Regular developments and the growth of well-known and new platforms have made social media a pervasive way for people to express their ideas and experiences, popularizing blogging and democratizing information distribution. Traditional time series models like Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) are frequently employed for forecasting, but they may struggle to capture crime data's nonlinear relationships and long-term dependencies. However, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are best at catching sequential patterns but may struggle with short-term data or rapid criminal patterns. Combining strength of both methods may improve forecast accuracy and robustness. Objectives: To develop a hybrid ARIMA-LSTM model that effectively captures both linear temporal trends and complex nonlinear patterns in crime data, enhancing predictive accuracy across diverse crime types and geographic regions in India. Methods: The proposed fusion approach leverages the strengths of ARIMA in modelling temporal dependencies and the ability of LSTMs to capture complex nonlinear relationships. Initially, ARIMA is employed to model the underlying trend and seasonality in the crime data. Subsequently, the residuals obtained from ARIMA are fed into an LSTM architecture, such as LSTM, to capture the remaining nonlinear patterns and dependencies. The hybrid model is trained using historical crime data and validated using appropriate evaluation metrics. The performance of the proposed fusion approach is evaluated on real-world crime datasets across various geographic locations and crime types in India. Results: Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid ARIMA-LSTM model outperforms individual methodologies and baseline models in terms of MSE, RMSE, and accuracy. Conclusions: This research contributes to the development of more effective crime prediction models, aiding law enforcement agencies in proactive decision-making and resource allocation for crime prevention.
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Mousavi, Seyed Hadi, and Mahmood Ghayoomzadeh. "Experience of Delinquent Adolescents in Juvenile Detention Center of Tehran With Emphasis on Crime Repetition Prevention." Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 18, no. 3 (2020): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.18.3.869.1.
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Objectives: Juvenile delinquents are a group of people that is in dire need of psychosocial rehabilitation. In this research, we seek to assess the lived experience in two groups of delinquent adolescents: one group is repetitive delinquents, the second group successfully returned to society. We tried to understand the relevant and essential factors in making this difference. Methods: This study is a qualitative research based on Grounded Theory. In this study, samples of adolescents with recurrent crimes and samples that have successfully returned to society without recidivism were reviewed. To do this, we should have investigated each case separately and the whole process that led to the recurrence of the crime. However, because the size of the statistical population is not sufficient to use quantitative and generalized methods, a case-experienced study has been conducted. This method assesses current phenomena in their real-life context, especially when the boundaries between a phenomenon and the context in which it occurs are not clearly defined. Several sources of evidence were used. After the coding of the gathered data and the formulation of the interviews in the form of concepts, the next step was to increase the level of abstraction of these concepts and propositions in the form of subcategories. Results: Finally, of 222 propositions, we reached 100 concepts that were mainly associated with recurrent delinquency or regret and return to society. Some of the most important ones were family problems (such as parental quarrels, parental addiction, parental unemployment, and a history of a criminal conviction and parental imprisonment). Discussion: Undoubtedly, one of the essential factors in the occurrence of crime is the environments in which the perpetrators deal with them. They are influenced by these environments whose personalities are shaped. Family, school, neighborhood, dropout, peer group, and general social determinants are influential in juvenile delinquency and its continuation or abandonment.
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Коломытцев, Николай Алексеевич, and Любовь Николаевна Одинцова. "Recurrent juvenile delinquency and its prevention in Russia." Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, no. 1(38) (March 21, 2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53993/2078-3914/2019/1(38)/34-44.
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Проблема преступности несовершеннолетних остается актуальной. В статье представлен сравнительно-правовой анализ состояния преступлений, совершаемых этой категорией лиц, а также результатов отечественных научных исследований. Отражены особенности несовершеннолетних правонарушителей, связанные с обусловленным их местом в системе общественных отношений, социальными ролями и функциями, биологической и психологической спецификой. Уделено внимание условиям жизни и воспитания подростков в семье, общеобразовательной школе, на предприятиях и организациях различных форм собственности. Раскрыты уровень, динамика, структура и тенденции развития преступности рассматриваемой категории лиц. Рассмотрен комплекс причинности преступности несовершеннолетних. Отмечено негативное влияние на подростковую преступность со стороны неформальных группировок несовершеннолетних, бесхозяйственности на производстве, где трудится ряд подростков, всемирной сети Интернет. Эти и другие факторы способствуют совершению несовершеннолетними типичных для них преступлений: кражи, грабежи, причинение вреда здоровью различной степени тяжести, изнасилования, вандализм, незаконный оборот наркотических средств и психотропных веществ. Подтверждено, что неформальное групповое общение и ближайшее бытовое окружение для них оказываются более значительными, чем семья и учебное заведение. Приведено достаточное количество точек зрения специалистов в рассматриваемой сфере. Высказывается собственная авторская позиция. Теоретические положения и проведенные собственные исследования подтверждены конкретными примерами из следственно-судебной практики. Сформулированы выводы и предложения по оптимизации деятельности институтов государства и гражданского общества в противодействии этому виду преступности. Вносятся обоснованные рекомендации сотрудникам правоохранительных органов, представителям региональных властей и общественности по совершенствованию профилактики преступлений со стороны несовершеннолетних. The problem of combating juvenile delinquency remains topical. The article contains a comparative legal analysis of the state of crimes committed by this category of persons, as well as the results of domestic scientific research. The features of juvenile offenders related to their place in the system of social relations, social roles and functions, and biological and psychological specifics are reflected. Attention is paid to the living conditions and upbringing of adolescents in the family, secondary school, enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership. The level, dynamics, structure and tendencies of development of crime of the considered category of persons are revealed. The complex of causality of juvenile delinquency is considered. The negative impact on juvenile delinquency on the part of informal groups of minors, mismanagement in the workplace, where a number of adolescents work, and the world wide web the Internet has been noted. These and other factors contribute to the commission of juvenile crimes typical for them: theft, robbery, injury to varying degrees of severity, rape, vandalism, trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Thus it is confirmed that informal group communication and the closest household environment for them are more significant than family and educational institution. A sufficient number of points of view of experts in this field are given. Expresses own author's position. Theoretical statements and conducted own research are confirmed by concrete examples from investigative judicial practice. The conclusions and proposals for optimizing the activities of state institutions and civil society in countering this type of crime are formulated. This article introduces reasonable recommendations to law enforcement officials, representatives of regional authorities and the public on improving the prevention of crimes by minors.
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Kunts, Elena V. "Some issues of prevention of recurrent crime by special criminological measures." Yugra State University Bulletin 20, no. 4 (2024): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.18822/byusu20240417-23.
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The high scientific significance of the identified problem is mediated by the fact that Russian criminological and criminal legal sciences have not yet created their own fundamental strategy for preventing recidivism – a coherent and orderly system of theoretical knowledge about it, measures to control and counter this dangerous social phenomenon. Subject of research: the norms of domestic legislation regulating the special criminological prevention of recidivism; scientific developments, statistical material on the research topic. Purpose of research: formulate proposals for improving and increasing the effectiveness of measures specifically criminological prevention of recidivism, as well as filling the missing criminological knowledge about the prevention of this phenomenon. Methods of research: the article uses both general scientific methodological tools and private scientific methodological tools. The methodological basis of the study will be a systematic approach, within which a set of general principles and methods of scientific knowledge is used. Main results of research: the system of measures to combat recidivism was comprehensively analyzed, and an expansion of the scope of application of the existing punishment system was proposed. A person who finds himself in isolation undergoes certain changes, previously established social ties are disrupted, and upon release, serious problems often arise with adaptation to life. It is necessary to improve the domestic punishment system, but there is no need to radically change it, since the individualization of punishment has much more opportunities to be realized with the existing palette of punishments.
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NOWAKOWSKI, KRZYSZTOF, and JOANNA STOJER-POLAŃSKA. "PREDICTING THE RISK OF AGGRESSIVE RECIDIVISM A CRIMINOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 141, no. 1 (2021): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0405.
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Aggressive delinquency is recognized as a one of the most serious threats for the society. Although criminal violence is often considered in the fi eld of criminology, the issues of recurrence of criminal violence are less often undertaken. The article focuses on that important area of interest in criminology, including risk assessment for recurrence of criminal violence in particular. Changes in the penal policy as well as the main assumptions of risk assessment approach were characterised from dual perspective – criminology and forensic psychology. Moreover, the risk factors and protective factors model, diagnostic methods and current directions for predicting violent recidivism were discussed. Besides, threat of criminal aggression was revealed at a broad, social context, including the problem of the “dark number of crimes”. Limitations connected with measuring extent of recurrent aggressive delinquency were also discussed. At the end of the review, authors presented theoretical model included key factors infl uencing at the general level of criminal violence treat. This model consists of four categories: 1) institutions and the legal rules, 2) professional risk assessment, 3) effectiveness of former prisoners adaptation in society, 4) social perception and social attitudes toward risk of harm caused by aggressive crime. Presented article might be useful in discussion around the issue of effective criminal violence prevention.
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Redo, Slawomir M. "The United Nations Crime Trends Surveys: Comparative Criminology in the Global Context." International Annals of Criminology 24, no. 1-2 (1986): 163–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003445286013892.
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SummaryThis article describes the lengthy and complicated process of developing the three Unided Nations crime trends surveys, starting from the early comparative studies in the late 1940's to the later survey of crime trends, operations of criminal justice systems and crime prevention strategies undertaken in 1982, all of which have remained rather unnoted in the criminological literature. Both the substantive and methodological aspects of these surveys are discussed in order to trace the changing emphasis of these surveys from a principally one-dimensional, legalistic undertaking to multidimensional, “developmental” analyses. Let it be emphasized that these recurrent surveys meet an oft-expressed request by Member States for broad cross-national analyses of crime trends and have become over time more encompassing, illustrative and systemic. Some of the major results of these surveys are presented here. Finally, the author suggests that despite specific shortcomings which exist in cross-national analyses of crime trends and operations of criminal justice systems, such analyses are nonetheless very useful in selecting particular policies. To this end, the results of the Second United Nations Survey (1975-1980) will be submitted for consideration and action to the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders to be held in Milan, Italy, 26 August - 6 September 1985.
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Ishaya, Daniel, and Anna Ishaya. "PREVALENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN VIOLENT CRIME BEHAVIOUR: CLERKED CLIENTS LIST, FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, KEFFI." International Journal of Advanced Research in Global Politics, Governance and Management 4, no. 1 (2023): 104–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijargpgm.v4.i1.08.
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Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and violent crime is unprecedented in the national health emergency sectors especially FMC, Keffi health in a box. Psychiatric clients were recorded among the psychiatric cases in the clinic in federal medical centre, Keffi. The cardinal objective of the study is to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and ways to curtail incidences of psychosocial disorders in the mental behaviour process of the clients under examination. The current states of disturbance of psychiatric patient clinic were characterized by schizophrenia disorder, anxiety disorder, depression disorder, alcoholic, antisocial personality disorder and mental illness and violent crime behaviour. Clinical depression and bipolar disorder were characterized by profoundly sad mood, overwhelming feelings of self-blame, guilt, and worthlessness, appetite disturbance in a recurrent thought of death or suicide. The study revealed that the effective prevalence and treatment for psychiatric clients will enhance management of the psychosocial disorder and the recovering of health well- being of the psychiatric patient’s clinic. The study concluded and recommends that the psychiatric disorders and violent crime were assessed through medical examination and national registers with reported incident psychotic symptoms. The pattern of inner experience and behaviour of violent crime is a significant health problem causing severe medical and social problems, considerable human suffering a huge economic cost. The prevalence of crime rates may supply more information about criminal behaviour than crime registers because of the high rate of unregistered less severe violent crime and therefore underestimate the psychiatric disorders and criminal behaviour.
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Staliano, Pamela, Marcos Mondardo, and Adriana Yuri Kaneko. "Violencia contra las mujeres en la frontera entre Brasil y Paraguay: legislación y feminismo decolonial." Frontera norte 35 (January 1, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2290.
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The objective of this article is to analyze violence against women on the border between Brazil (state of Mato Grosso do Sul) and Paraguay (Department of Amambay) through online journalistic reports and the legislation of both countries. From readings of decolonial feminism, it was possible to identify and describe how these information channels give visibility to gender violence on that border. Qualitative research of documentary analysis was carried out with the use of the descriptors women and violence. Femicide is the most recurrent crime in the twin cities; its modus operandi sometimes has characteristics equivalent to execution-type crimes and is usually perpetrated by people close to the victim. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the awareness and visibility of violence against women in this border region.
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Kirichenko, Lyudmyla, Tamara Radivilova, Bohdan Sydorenko, and Sergiy Yakovlev. "Detection of Shoplifting on Video Using a Hybrid Network." Computation 10, no. 11 (2022): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation10110199.
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Shoplifting is a major problem for shop owners and many other parties, including the police. Video surveillance generates huge amounts of information that staff cannot process in real time. In this article, the problem of detecting shoplifting in video records was solved using a classifier, which was a hybrid neural network. The hybrid neural network included convolutional and recurrent ones. The convolutional network was used to extract features from the video frames. The recurrent network processed the time sequence of the video frames features and classified the video fragments. In this work, gated recurrent units were selected as the recurrent network. The well-known UCF-Crime dataset was used to form the training and test datasets. The classification results showed a high accuracy of 93%, which was higher than the accuracy of the classifiers considered in the review. Further research will focus on the practical implementation of the proposed hybrid neural network.
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Gupta, Suraj Rakesh. "Review on Phishing Attack Detection using Recurrent Neural Network." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (2021): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38756.
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Abstract: Phishing is a crime that involves the theft of personal information from users. Individuals, corporations, cloud storage, and government websites are all targets for the phishing websites. Anti-phishing technologies based on hardware are commonly utilised, while software-based options are preferred due to cost and operational considerations. Current phishing detection systems have no solution for problems like zero-day phishing assaults. To address these issues, a three-phase attack detection system called the Phishing Attack Detector based on Web Crawler was suggested, which uses a recurrent neural network to precisely detect phishing incidents. Based on the classification of phishing and non-phishing pages, it covers the input features Web traffic, web content, and Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Keywords: Attack detection, Recurrent Neural Network, Deep Learning.
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Shiode, Shino, and Narushige Shiode. "Network-Based Space-Time Scan Statistics for Detecting Micro-Scale Hotspots." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (2022): 16902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416902.
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Events recorded in urban areas are often confined by the micro-scale geography of street networks, yet existing spatial–analytical methods do not usually account for the shortest-path distance of street networks. We propose space–time NetScan, a new spatial–temporal analytical method with improved accuracy for detecting patterns of concentrations across space and time. It extends the notion of a scan-statistic-type search window by measuring space-time patterns along street networks in order to detect micro-scale concentrations of events at the street-address level with high accuracy. Performance tests with synthetic data demonstrate that space-time NetScan outperforms existing methods in detecting the location, shape, size and duration of hotspots. An empirical study with drug-related incidents shows how space-time NetScan can improve our understanding of the micro-scale geography of crime. Aside from some abrupt one-off incidents, many hotspots form recurrent hotbeds, implying that drug-related crimes tend to persist in specific problem places.
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Filippova, Olga V. "On the State of Recidivist Crime in the Far Eastern Federal District." Ugolovnaya yustitsiya, no. 17 (2021): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23088451/17/22.
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The Far Eastern Federal District is one of the most disadvantaged regions of Russia with a high level of recidivism. In 2019, the proportion of crimes committed by persons who had previously committed crimes among those investigated was 64.7%. Recidivism rate per 100 thousand people reached 660.5, which is 1.6 times higher than the national average. More than half of all recurrent crimes detected in the Far Eastern Federal District are in Primorsky, Zabaikalsky, Khabarovsk Krais. Zabaikalsky Krai, the Republic of Buryatia, Magadan and Amur Oblasts are leading in terms of the recidivism rate. In the structure of recidivism, in addition to embezzlement, drug crimes and criminal violations of traffic rules occupy a noticeable place (Art., 264, Art. 264.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
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Elhaw, Dr Amr Ezzat Mahmoud, and Prof Imad Rabee. "From Slavery to Modern Slavery, Trafficking in Human Beings (Challenges and Solutions) At the Regional and International Level." Migration Letters 21, S1 (2023): 271–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21is1.6056.
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Human trafficking crimes threaten societies' security and stability. They also hinder social growth and harm economic, social, and security institutions. These crimes also confront global security agencies, pushing the international community to fight them. By establishing accords and conventions to address slavery and enslavement, one of the most disgraceful global afflictions and a grave infringement on human rights, including the trafficking, sale, and exploitation of individuals, sometimes called transnational organized crime, Unfortunately, every country is vulnerable to humanitarian violations. through Crossing borders takes many forms. There is also a lack of accurate statistical data and thorough information on human trafficking, especially for women and children.
 in the light of the lack of agreement on basic assessments, data, and indications of the volume and geographic distribution of different kinds of trafficking makes tackling this problem difficult. A crime cannot be called a "phenomenon" without specifying its scope. also, the victims' ambition for quick and large financial gain drives them into trouble. Organized crime syndicates exploit this tendency, coupled with poverty, unemployment, military conflicts, and natural disasters. Family disintegration, population growth, slums, globalization, the Internet, and an environment of culture that exploits people, especially vulnerable groups, contribute to perceiving them as a commodity that can generate income. Human trafficking victims face security, economic, social, political, psychological, and health risks. Some of these effects may be lethal. The victim's broke immigration and employment rules, as well as fraud, forgery, bribery, smuggling, and rape. Thus, this crime may exceed traditional criminality by including a variety of interrelated violations that result in inhumane deeds.
 Technology serves as a catalyst for the amplification of trafficking operations, facilitating the widespread commercialization and exploitation of victims. Victims are subject to recurrent exploitation when perpetrators reproduce identical advertisements and engage in live-streaming activities across various platforms, with the intention of maximizing their reach and financial gains.
 Technology has also contributed to reducing the barriers for individuals involved in human trafficking. In the past, criminal organizations would have had to establish physical control and dominance over specific urban areas, typically relying on a large network of members. However, newcomers to the human trafficking industry can now effectively operate an online business without the necessity of a physical criminal infrastructure and with a smaller workforce. Consequently, the acquisition of technological expertise may enhance the potency of a criminal organization while also rendering it more elusive to law enforcement entities.
 So the paper will clarify the challenges of these serious crimes in all their forms (traditional and modern) and the weakness of international, rigorous cooperation in confrontation and its negative impacts on international society as a whole.
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Egelström, Sandra. "UNwilling or UNable? The United Nations and the recurrent problem of sexual abuse." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 106, no. 3 (2021): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v106i3.124796.
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AbstractSince its establishment in 1945, the United Nations has grown to become a powerful intergovernmental body enjoying respect and legitimacy among a large part of the international community. Unfortunately, since the 1990s there have been recurrent problems with the organization’s peacekeeping forces being accused of sexual violence against the very people they are supposed to protect. In this article, the UN’s management of events in the Central African Republic (CAR) in 2014 and its inability to put an end to the sexual assaults committed by its representatives have been used to explore whether the organization could be accused of a state crime – under the presumption that the UN can be equated with a state. To do this, the definition of state crime and the complicity continuum developed by Kauzlarich, Mullins and Matthews (2003) are used to evaluate the UN’s actions in relation to the events in the CAR. The responsibilities of the UN in situations like the one in the CAR are examined and discussed.AbstractFörenta nationerna har sedan starten 1945 utvecklats till en mäktig mellanstatlig organisation som åtnjuter respekt och legitimitet från majoriteten av det internationella samfundet. Dessvärre har det, sedan 1990-talet, vid upprepade tillfällen uppdagats att organisationens fredsbevarande styrkor anklagats för sexuellt våld mot just de grupper som de är satta att beskydda. I denna artikel användes organisationens hantering av händelserna i Centralafrikanska republiken (CAR) under 2014, samt dess oförmåga att stoppa sexuella övergrepp utförda av dess företrädare, för att undersöka om FN kunde anklagas för en statligt brott, under förutsättning att organisationen kan likställas med en stat. För detta användes Kauzlarich, Mullins och Matthews (2003) definition av statlig brottslighet, samt det complicity continuum som de utvecklat, för att utvärdera FN:s åtgärder under händelserna i CAR. FN:s ansvar i situationer som det i CAR problematiseras och diskuteras.
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Madzivhandila, Cynthia, Jacob Mofokeng, and Lesiba L. Motsepe. "“Why fix it if ain’t broke”: Nature and extent of crime in the railway environment in South Africa." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 4 (2022): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i4.1772.
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This article explores the nature and extent of crime in the railway environment in South Africa. Crimes against Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa, Transnet Freight Rail, Gautrain, and commuters are prevalent and the victims are being exposed to serious damage emanating from criminal activities. The challenges and implications for individuals and businesses, rich or poor consumers are recurrent themes in this study. A qualitative research approach was adopted to follow a non-probability purposive sample comprising 25 participants from the South African Police Service Rapid Rail Police Units. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews from research participants deployed in the Division: Visible Policing. The findings highlighted that the most prevalent crimes are cable theft, robberies and malicious property damage. The targeted trains are the Metro trains that operate locally, as they transport many commuters because it is the affordable mode of public transport in South Africa. The perpetrators also target this mode of transport because the train stations have an open system where perpetrators can easily access the entrance, therefore some do not even buy tickets and board the trains illegally. It is understood that Gautrain has a closed system and the security is advanced and watertight because of extra security measures such as the closed-circuit television cameras. Based on the findings, effective implementation of policies to improve safety is essential. Critical dialogues between all relevant.
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Kovalevskaya, Tatyana V. "Crime and Punishment and British Gothic of Horror." Dostoevsky and World Culture. Philological journal, no. 2 (26) (2024): 101–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2619-0311-2024-2-101-130.
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The article considers Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment alongside several works of the British Gothic tradition of horror (Matthew Gregory Lewis’s The Monk, John William Polidori’s “The Vampyre”) and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus that essentially is the first representative of science fiction in British literature. The fantastic element in the gothic of horror was very important for Dostoevsky as a visible manifestation of the level of being beyond the material plane. “The Vampyre” and The Monk manifest certain commonality of themes and motifs with both Dostoevsky’s oeuvre in general and Crime and Punishment in particular. These include “vampiric” descriptions of heroes (Svidrigailov and Stavrogin), the consequent motif of the “living dead,” the theme of sensuality. These parallels are particularly topical for Crime and Punishment as they emphasize Dostoevsky’s key recurrent motifs that are not always immediately visible in Svidrigailov. However, the most interesting typological parallels emerge between Dostoevsky’s overarching plot (human beings’ attempts at self-deification, i.e. at going beyond their nature and toward godhood) and the plot of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. While the subject of self-deification as such is not innovative (Shelley’s and Dostoevsky’s predecessors in this regard include epic poems of different peoples and eras, tragedies by Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare), Shelley and Dostoevsky pioneered the subject of human inability to rival God not in their creative or destructive power, but in their ability to love. Inability to love in a true Christian way was also part of The Monk, but it was Shelley’s work that foregrounded it. Therefore, the English gothic of horror and Dostoevsky’s oeuvre are connected both at the level of individual themes and motifs and at the level of religious and philosophical conceptualization of human teleology.
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Herwanto, Guntur Budi, Annisa Maulida Ningtyas, I. Gede Mujiyatna, Kurniawan Eka Nugraha, and I. Nyoman Prayana Trisna. "Hate Speech Detection in Indonesian Twitter using Contextual Embedding Approach." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 15, no. 2 (2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.64916.
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Hate speech develops along with the rapid development of social media. Hate speech is often issued due to a lack of public awareness of the difference between criticism and statements that might contribute to this crime. Therefore, it is very important to do early detection of sentences that will be written before causing a criminal act due to public ignorance. In this paper, we use the advancement of deep neural networks to predict whether a sentence contains a hate speech and abusive tone. We demonstrate the robustness of different word and contextual embedding to represent the semantic of hate speech words. In addition, we use a document embedding representation via a recurrent neural networks with gated recurrent unit as the main architecture to provide richer representation. Compared to syntactic representation of the previous approach, the contextual embedding in our model proved to give a significant boost on the performance by a significant margin.
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Tallichet, Suzanne E., and Christopher Hensley. "Exploring the Link between Recurrent Acts of Childhood and Adolescent Animal Cruelty and Subsequent Violent Crime." Criminal Justice Review 29, no. 2 (2004): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401680402900203.
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KOHUT, Yaroslav. "Legal and socio-psychological principles of interaction between the preventive activity units of the national police of Ukraine and territorial communities regarding crime prevention and human rights provision." Economics. Finances. Law 5, no. - (2023): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2023.5.12.
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The interrelation between legal, social and psychological factors of ensuring human rights and normative and legal regulation of the implementation of the preventive function by the preventive activity units of the National Police of Ukraine is revealed in the paper. The author emphasizes the need to take into account the psychological component in the issues of rule-making and direct practical activities of district police officers, community police officers, and juvenile prevention units in matters of interaction with the subjects of crime prevention. It is argued that the effectiveness of preventive work depends on the targeted impact of the officials responsible for this area, as well as on the establishment of their interaction. The tasks of crime prevention are defined as follows: prevention of new and recurrent offenses; protection of people from the harmful effects of factors contributing to the commission of potential offenses; creation of a specific legal atmosphere of legality in society. Proposals are made to improve the administrative and legal regulation of interaction between these units and territorial communities. The author defines the role of civil society in this process and the peculiarities of its interaction with the police. The concept of crime prevention by the National Police is defined as a purposeful activity of police units which is comprehensive in nature and is aimed at preventing and eliminating all the existing factors which may potentially negatively affect the crime situation, public safety and order in the respective territories. The social and psychological factors of ineffective reforms related to police decentralization are analyzed. The author argues that it is expedient to enshrine at the regulatory level the powers of territorial communities to plan preventive measures. It is emphasized that crime prevention should be multidirectional, systemic, comprehensive and cross-cutting in nature with the interaction of all stakeholders and the coordinating role of the preventive activity units of the National Police of Ukraine.
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Dr., Stishin K. Paul. "Art of Telling Detective Stories: Archetypal Reading of Narrative Pattern in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle"s A Study in Scarlet." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 03, no. 08 (2018): 171–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1341790.
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This paper is a reading of Arthur Conan Doyle"s A Study in Scarlet in the light of Northrop Frye"s archetypal criticism. Northrop Frye, in his Anatomy of Criticism, suggests a structural formula for the detective fiction as „a man-hunter locating a scapegoat." Against the background of this view, this paper analyzes Arthur Conan Doyle"s A Study in Scarlet to see how this structure is recurrent in the text. The character of detective corresponds to the man-hunter image and the scapegoat image can be found in the performers of crime. The man-hunter locates the scapegoat through a process of cross-examination and tracing foot print.
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Ayandeji, Lateef Akanbi, and Charles Karibo Solomon. "Institutional Failure and the Youth in Crime Epidemic in Nigeria: Identifying the Gaps and Proffering Solutions." Journal of Research and Review in Human Resource Management & Labour Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15089326.
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<em>A stable and functional society fundamentally depends on effective institutions. Any deficiencies within these institutions can significantly disrupt the entire system. Empirical data indicate that Nigeria’s ongoing economic crisis has weakened institutional structures, contributing to recurrent violent conflicts. Notably, the study finds that youths, who are both key stakeholders and primary victims, are disproportionately affected by high unemployment rates that fuel social vices. The study anchored in the theories of Functionalism and Social Contract. This research examines the multifaceted impacts of youth involvement in social vices in Nigeria’s society. It concludes that revitalizing Nigeria’s faltering economy is crucial for curbing social vices and fostering rapid economic and social development.</em>
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Tsarkova, O., and H. Warina. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF RE-SOCIALIZATION OF CONVICTS, AS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT DIRECTIONS OF RECURRENT CRIME PREVENTION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 2 (9) (2018): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2018.2(9).22.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the determinants of the successful establishment and functioning of the system of re-socialization of convicts. The relevance of this problem is determined by the contradiction between the need to return prisoners to a full life in society, the need to reproduce their family interaction skills, and the insufficient theoretical, methodological and methodical elaboration of this problem. The goal is to determine the features of resocialization and disclosure of the content and essence of adaptive family relations of convicts as a factor in the prevention of recidivism in modern scientific, theoretical and practical conditions of activity and functioning of the social and legal state. It has been determined that one of the most important aspects of the return of persons serving a sentence to a full-fledged life in society is the reproduction of their skills of adaptive social interaction, including adequate family behavior, correction of permanent and rigid role and behavioral stereotypes. The family relationship of the convicted person is considered as one of the reasons for his criminal behavior and the object of early prevention of unlawful behavior. Among the features of the family relations of convicts, the following characteristic is singled out: a significant weakening of their positive ties in society. The study led to the conclusion that the restoration of socially useful relations and the formation of adaptive family behavior, the legal status of the released without the provision of effective assistance is impossible. The resocialization of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty involves the active management of this process by penitentiary institutions and state bodies, the elimination or neutralization of negative factors that impede the return of persons who have served their sentences to socially useful activities. A comprehensive approach to the process of resocialization and to the study of this socio-legal category in modern conditions of humanization and democratization of society is needed.
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Shilnikov, Ivan A. "THE STATUS AND CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECURRENT DRUGRELATED CRIME IN TRANSPORT INTERNAL AFFAIRS AGENCIES: A REGIONAL ASPECT." Russian investigator 2 (February 26, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3783-2020-2-58-62.
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Jones, Oguadinma Joshua, and Ozor Adanne Chioma. "Fighting Kleptocracy in Democracy: An Assessment of the Efficacy of Anti-graft Policy Enforcement in Nigeria." World Journal of Social Science 9, no. 1 (2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v9n1p49.
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Financial crimes in Nigerian socio-political milieu have been more recurrent in contemporary times. The paper attempted to assess the performance of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) from inception as a platform to evaluate the efficacy of anti-graft policy enforcement in Nigeria. It sought to establish whether the persistence of graft offences by Nigerian government officials was fallout of flaws emanating from censored operational space to restrict of the agency’s autonomy. Statutorily, it was mandated to prosecute all financial corruption in public offices, money laundering, advance-fee fraud and other offences related to these. However, in spite of these efforts, the war against corruption in every sphere is far from over. The paper anchored on the rational choice theory as analytical framework and employed the secondary source of data collection and analysis. Arguably, the EFCC operations have not been effective since the number of convictions for financial crimes in public offices is considered relatively low as against the level of the offense in the country. Again, the personnel of the agency were deemed to lack the required autonomy to address the intricacies of fighting the crime. Therefore, to reduce the spate of financial embezzlement, the Nigerian public laws should be amended to embrace a credible method of nominating candidates with good track records for political positions and public offices. In the same vein, more realistic autonomy should be given the operatives of the EFCC with a view to elicit more credible enforcement of the anti-graft law.
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Hebdige, Dick. "HOLE: Swimming ... Floating ... Sinking ... Drowning." Film Studies 15, no. 1 (2016): 97–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.0003.
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The body in the swimming pool as metonym for trouble in paradise is a recurrent motif bordering on cliché in Hollywood/West Coast sunshine noir. Through an intermedial survey of film, TV and literary fiction, photography, design and architectural history, crime and environmental, reportage, public health and safety documents this article examines the domestic swimming pools ambiguous status as a symbol of realised utopia within the Californian mythos from the boom years of the backyard oasis in the wake of the Second World War to the era of mass foreclosures, restricted water usage and ambient dread inaugurated by 9/11, the global recession and the severest drought in the states recorded rainfall history.
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Avelino, Meirylene, and Antonio A. de A. Rocha. "BlockProof: A Framework for Verifying Authenticity and Integrity of Web Content." Sensors 22, no. 3 (2022): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031165.
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In the Literature, we can find several research works to help in the digital crime fight in order to prove integrity and authenticity of a published document, image or video. Among all the crimes, fake news certainly is among the most recurrent ones and needs to be mitigated. There are several Blockchain-based applications in order to make use of the benefits derived from technology, but little is found to verify the authenticity of Web content records as well as the history of all updates that have taken place in each Web content. Such kind of solution has become important nowadays as a way to cover the gap in the combat against fake news, for example. The purpose of this paper is to present BlockProof, a framework for verifying web content authenticity and integrity that offers a solution for content providers to register Web content, regardless of whether the page has dynamic or static content, in addition to enabling the consultation of the history of all records made for a given URL. We understand that such kind of solution may be useful to data producers/providers to provide evidence that they are in compliance with the fight against fake news, for instance.
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Garasim, Pavlo. "THE ROLE AND PLACE OF PUBLIC CONTROL IN THE LEGAL MECHANISM FOR THE PREVENTION OF PENITENTIARY CRIME IN UKRAINE." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 55, no. 6 (2023): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5519.
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This scientific article analyzes the potential social and legal possibilities of public control in the preventive sphere of activity related to the prevention of the commission of recidivist criminal acts by those sentenced to deprivation of liberty in the process of execution. In addition, based on the results of the research and the problems identified in this regard, scientifically based ways of their elimination and improvement of the existing legal mechanism of public control in the sphere of execution of punishments of Ukraine have been developed. In particular, it was found that the administration of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments, guided by the principle of non-interference of the public in their operational and service activities, create various artificial obstacles to objective social monitoring on issues of prevention of crimes by convicts in closed penal institutions, the exclusive list of which is fixed in the law, new (recidivist) criminal offenses. It was also established that from the time of Ukraine's independence (from 1991) to the present (2022) at the official level, it is stated that recurrent crime, including its penitentiary component, is one of the real threats to national security. Moreover, the specified determinant has an extremely negative effect on the effectiveness of the execution process - the serving of punishments, as well as on the implementation of the goals and objectives of the criminal enforcement legislation of Ukraine defined in the law.
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Dias, Gustavo Nogueira, Vanessa Mayara Souza Pamplona, Eldilene da Silva Barbosa, et al. "Violence, trafficking and drug use in public schools in Belém -Pará - Brazil." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 5 (2021): 652–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss5.3133.
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The research shows how violence, trafficking and drug use has been recurrent within schools, causing directions that are difficult to contour by Brazilian government officials. The research had a qualitative and quantitative character. The method used was interviews with teachers and the use of questionnaires with a group of one hundred and seventy students and sixteen teachers. Among all the problems, misery; the use of drugs; the arrival of adolescence; the insertion of the researched group in risk areas belonging to Perverse Territorialization; the lack of definition of a full and adequate curriculum for our social problems; the lack of adequate punishment; the influence of family habitus has contributed to the spread of violence, stimulating parallel activities with the predominance of drug trafficking and organized crime where it presents a growing approximation with the local community in need of all types of services and improvements not provided by the State, causing the increase in all crime rates, the increase in drug trafficking as well as the increase in cases of psychological disorders. Among these reasons, violence in the school environment has increased. The actions necessary to reduce school violence are pointed out in this article, knowing that for its consolidation, the support of the school community and the creation of internal codes of conduct essential to living in the school environment are necessary.
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Kovalev, Oleg Gennadievich, Elena Nikolaevna Kononova, and Natalya Vladislavovna Semenova. "APPLICATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL PARADIGM OF SECURITY MAINTENANCE IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE SPHERE OF REPEATED AND RECURRENT CRIME PREVENTION." Chronos 7, no. 1(63) (2022): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-63-1-11.
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The article deals with the actual problems of the implementation of the organizational paradigm of ensuring security in the institutions of the penitentiary system in the field of prevention of repeated and recidivism, which has not only pronounced criminological and criminal aspects, but also penal, socio-psychological and others. Based on the analysis of empirical data obtained in the course of theoretical and applied research, the necessity of organizing preventive measures for the commission of repeated crimes, the prevention of recidivism in the execution of criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment is shown.
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Gil, Ana Soledad, Esteban Zunino, Jimena Marín, et al. "Medios, género y delito: tramas y sentidos sobre violencia contra las mujeres = Mass Media, gender and crime: wefts and senses about violence against women." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 14 (June 27, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i14.5834.
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<p><strong>Resumen </strong></p><p>El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación colectiva que tuvo como propósito analizar, desde una mirada crítica y de género/feminista, narrativas periodísticas, discursos y sentidos en disputa expresados por medios gráficos de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, sobre distintas problemáticas de género como la violencia contra las mujeres. Entre otros hallazgos, a través del análisis cuanti-cualitativo de las construcciones noticiosas, el trabajo revela de qué manera la agenda de los temas de género ha quedado subsumida a la problemática de la violencia de género/femicidios tratada desde el punto de vista policial. La espectacularización a través de diferentes herramientas como la personalización, la descontextualización y la dramatización, se ha convertido en un mecanismo recurrente en la construcción de tales informaciones.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The article presents the results of a collective research that had the purpose of analyzing, from a critical and gender / feminist perspective, journalistic narratives, discourses and senses in dispute expressed by graphic media of the province of Mendoza, Argentina, on different topics of gender such as violence against women. Among other findings, through the quantitative-qualitative analysis of news constructions, the paper reveals how the agenda of gender topics has been subsumed to the problem of gender violence / femicide treated from the police point of view. The spectacularization, through different tools such as personalization, decontextualization and dramatization, has become a recurrent mechanism in the construction of this information.</p>
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Walter, Leturia-Rodriguez, and Urrelo-Huiman Luis. "Object Detection and Movement Patterns Using Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms for the Identification of Armed Robbery." Latin-American Journal of Computing 8, no. 2 (2021): 46–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5770889.
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In Latin America there are 42 of the 50 most violent cities in the world, in Peru in 2019 9.7% of criminal acts with firearms were carried out in urban areas and in cities with 20,000 or more inhabitants the percentage rose to 10.2%, but the complaints, due to lack of evidence, generated in cities like Lima, only 19.46% of arrests. The members of the police force have devices, vehicles and tools that allow them to carry out their functions in a safe manner, however, they do not have an effective mechanism, which allows to identify an armed robbery and to concentrate their efforts on carrying out a timely intervention. Therefore, the present research develops an algorithm based on Recurrent Neural Networks with OpenCv / YOLOv3 combined with the Genetic Algorithms technique for the detection of objects and movement patterns with 96.5% accuracy, allowing early detection of a crime perpetrated under the modality of armed robbery.
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Karlsson, Mira, Tanya Jukkala, and Alexandra Bogren. "Territoriellt stigma, offerskap och ansvar. Dagspressens framställningar av tjejer och unga kvinnor i marginaliserade områden i södra Stockholm 1982-2022." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 44, no. 3 (2024): 52–74. https://doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v44i3.27571.
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Media discourses about marginalized areas are often dominated by narratives of male violence and crime, issues that have attracted considerable attention in previous research. The purpose of this study is instead to explore media portrayals of girls and young women living in marginalized suburban areas in Southern Stockholm, in order to extend existing knowledge about the specific opportunities and obstacles that women face. The study uses an intersectional perspective and the concept of territorial stigmatization together with a critical discourse analysis. It is based on the analysis of 474 media texts published over the past 40 years. Two recurrent topics in the media portrayals were identified: safety and “take space” (“ta plats” in Swedish). In the articles on these topics, we identified underlying dilemmas of responsibility – who is responsible for girl’s and young women’s safety and taking space? In relation to such dilemmas, two frequently occurring positions for girls and young women could be discerned; those of victims and/or enablers. On the one hand, girls and young women are not depicted as responsible for the problems often associated with marginalized areas, such as crime and violence, but rather as the victims of such problems. On the other hand, they are portrayed as having various other responsibilities, not only for themselves but also for other girls, and even for their parents, in relation to taking space. In conclusion, girls and young women are faced with two types of discourses, shaped by their gender, age and the place they live, which we argue can be understood as specific forms of the concept of territorial stigmatization — territorial victimization and territorial responsibilization.
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K, Vijay, and Amal Prakash. "A Systematic Review on Tanpin Kandri Based Crime Prediction." Remittances Review 7, no. 2 (2022): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/rr.v7i2.2407.
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Predictive policing refers to the potential preventive measure to fight crimes in the modern age. Crimes are social issues that have a negative effect on society. The number of cases filed under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) in 2020 increased by over 430 percent compared to the same year-ago period. Data analytics is the process of inspecting, transforming, and modelling unstructured data into useful information. Predictive policing and crime analytics with Artificial intelligence increase attention among a multifarious scientific community. Crime pattern analysis is the computational approach to examining aspects of volume crime for the purposes of prevention where it either targets one crime or a series of discrete crimes for detection. Currently, there are not many sufficing analysis methods for the Law and order agencies. By using the Tanpin Kanri model, a Japanese business strategy, this idea makes decision points on what crime and at what rate. Crime analysis functions are generally focused on seven key areas: crime pattern detection, target profiles, forecast crime rates, resource allocation, and criminal investigations, according to a study by the International Association of Chiefs of Police. Generally, it is implemented for the most recurring crimes. This idea helps in the prevention of crimes using crime forecasting and gives a unique perspective on the areas one may not be aware of. Thus crime prediction is a valuable strategy to identify and profile those areas which are at risk, and those can be prevented.
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Asor, Jonardo R., Jefferson L. Lerios, Sherwin B. Sapin, Jocelyn O. Padallan, and Chester Alexis C. Buama. "Fire incidents visualization and pattern recognition using machine learning algorithms." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 3 (2021): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1427-1435.
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A fire incident is a devastating event that can be avoided with enough knowledge on how and when it may occur. For the past years, fire incidents have become a big problem for the Philippines, since it affects the socio-economic growth of the country. Machine learning algorithm is a well-known technique to predict and analyze data. It can also be used to recognize pattern and develop models for artificial intelligence. Pattern recognition through machine learning algorithm is already established and have proven itself accurate in different fields such as education, crime, health and many others including fire incidents. This paper aims to develop a model for recognizing patterns of fire incidents in the province of Laguna, Philippines implementing a machine learning algorithm. With the foregoing project, it is found out that a recurrent neural network shows an astonishing result in terms of pattern recognition. Further, it is also found that Calamba City is the most vulnerable area in case of fire occurrence in the Province of Laguna.
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Conceição, Francis Williams Brito da, and Renan Cabral Paulino. "The historical fiction of Eliana Alves Cruz: necropower, violence, coloniality of the body, and infectious diseases." Veredas: Revista da Associação Internacional de Lusitanistas, no. 37 (September 4, 2022): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24261/2183-816x0437.
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In this article, we aim to analyze the representations of necropower, violence, coloniality of the body, and infectious diseases (such as cholera, yellow fever, smallpox and maculo), recurrent in the process of enslavement of black people. We will investigate such themes by studying the historical fiction novels Água de barrela (2018), Crime do cais do Valongo (2018a), and Nada digo de ti, que em ti não Veja (2020), written by Eliana Alves Cruz. Therefore, starting from the discussions on the various forms of coloniality, violence, and barbarism evidenced in theorists such as Agamben (2002), Bento (2018), Césaire (2020), Dalcastagnè (2008), Lugones (2019), among others, we will observe the ways in which capitalism, European colonization and modern slavery, using necropolitics, led subalternized bodies to death through normalization and regulation, by denying to these bodies basic conditions of existence, such as food, hygiene, decent work, healthcare and rest. By the end of the research, we discovered that the novels problematize and denounce the colonial wound that slavery inflicted on black people, placing them in inhumane situations both of displacement, and in the environments of exploitation.
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Augustine Ejiofor, Onyishi, Ugwuanyi J. Kelechi, and Oji Cyriacus Chijioke. "Assessing the implications of killer herdsmen in the north and unknown gunmen in the south for the tourism industry in Nigeria." IKENGA International Journal of Institute of African Studies 24, no. 2 (2023): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53836/ijia/2023/24/2/001.
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More than ever, the contemporary Nigerian social landscape is characterised by civil aggression and violent attacks by many (known and unknown) violent groups. The activities of these groups have created insecurity crises of unparalleled intensity in the country. This paper examined the implication of insecurity (or these violent attacks) for the tourism industry in Nigeria. The study used a desk research approach to generate secondary data following a time series design. It descriptively analysed the information using line graphs, bar charts and simple percentages, using the theory of ‘failed state’ as a framework for the interpretation and discussion. The study found a relationship between recurrent insecurity and prevailing challenges facing the tourism industry in Nigeria. Since ‘all crime is local’, it is recommended that the conventional approaches to solving the insecurity problems in Nigeria should be complemented with the help of members of local communities and mass media using state-of-the-art technology to expose criminals and ensure constant checks on local migrants, international emigrants and business people that deal in small arms and light weapons.
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Asor, Jonardo R., Jefferson L. Lerios, Sherwin B. Sapin, Jocelyn O. Padallan, and Chester Alexis C. Buama. "Fire incidents visualization and pattern recognition using machine learning algorithms." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 3 (2021): 1427–35. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1427-1435.
Full textAbstract:
A fire incident is a devastating event that can be avoided with enough knowledge on how and when it may occur. For the past years, fire incidents have become a big problem for the Philippines, since it affects the socioeconomic growth of the country. Machine learning algorithm is a well-known technique to predict and analyze data. It can also be used to recognize pattern and develop models for artificial intelligence. Pattern recognition through machine learning algorithm is already established and have proven itself accurate in different fields such as education, crime, health and many others including fire incidents. This paper aims to develop a model for recognizing patterns of fire incidents in the province of Laguna, Philippines implementing a machine learning algorithm. With the foregoing project, it is found out that a recurrent neural network shows an astonishing result in terms of pattern recognition. Further, it is also found that Calamba City is the most vulnerable area in case of fire occurrence in the Province of Laguna.