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1
Amusa, Kafayat, and Mutiu Abimbola Oyinlola. "The effectiveness of government expenditure on economic growth in Botswana." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 10, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2018-0081.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in Botswana over the period 1985‒2016. The study employed the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach in investigating the nexus. The study makes the argument that the effectiveness of public spending should be assessed not only against the amount of the expenditure but also by the type of the expenditure. The empirical findings showed that aggregate expenditure has a negative short-run and positive long-run effect on economic growth. When expenditure is disaggregated, both forms of expenditures have a positive short-run effect on economic growth, whereas only a long-run positive impact of recurrent expenditure is observed. The study suggests the need to prioritize scarce resources in productive recurrent and development spending that enables increased productivity. Design/methodology/approach This study examined the effectiveness of government spending in Botswana, within an ARDL framework from 1985 to 2016. To achieve this, the analysis is carried out on both an aggregate and disaggregated level. Government spending is divided into recurrent and development expenditures. Findings This study examined the effectiveness of government spending in Botswana, within an ARDL framework from 1985 to 2016. To achieve this, the analysis hinged on both the aggregate and disaggregated levels. The results of the aggregate analysis suggest that total public expenditure has a negative impact on economic growth in the short run; however, its impact becomes positive over the long run. On disaggregating government spending, the results show that both recurrent and development expenditures have a significant positive short-run impact on growth; however, in the long run, the significant positive impact is only observed for recurrent expenditure. Practical implications The results provide evidence of the diverse effects of government expenditure in the country. In the period under investigation, 73 percent of total government expenditure in Botswana was recurrent in nature, whereas 23 percent was related to development. From the results, it can be observed that although the recurrent expenditure has contributed to increased growth and must be encouraged, it is also pertinent for the Botswana Government to endeavor to place more emphasis on productive development expenditure in order to enhance short- and long-term growth. Further, there is a need to strengthen the growth-enhancing structures and to prioritize the scarce economic resources toward productive spending and ensuring continued proper governance over such expenditures. Originality/value The study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of government spending in a small open, resource-reliant middle-income SSA economy and argues that the effectiveness of public spending must be assessed not only against the amount of the expenditure but also on the type or composition of the expenditure. The study contributes to the scant empirical literature on Botswana by employing the ARDL approach to cointegration technique in estimating the long- and short-run impact of government expenditure on economic growth between 1985 and 2016.
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Success Ikechi, Kanu, Obi Henry Kenedunium, and Akuwudike Hilary Chinedum. "Impact of Public Sector Financial Management on the Economic Growth of Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 7, no. 4 (2021): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.74.1006.
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The main thrust of this study is to investigate the seeming mismatch between resource generation, resource allocation and expenditure management in Nigeria. While an ex-post facto research design was adopted in the investigation; descriptive statistics as well as a least square regression analysis were carried out on a time-series data to ascertain relationships. Real Gross Domestic Product taken as a proxy for economic growth is the dependent variable while capital and recurrent expenditures are the independent variables. Outcome of the study indicates that, the nation’s financing option is skewed towards payment of salaries and personnel emoluments (Recurrent Expenditures) as against the provision of basic infrastructures (Capital Expenditures) that are growth oriented. The trend of disbursements is not appropriately harnessed to create a favorable and positive impact on economic growth. In the short run, the disaggregated components of capital expenditure (CAPEX) indicate that expenses incurred in administration sector and external debt service transfers attracted more than their fare share of public expenditure to the detriment of economic and social community welfare services. The disaggregated component of recurrent expenditures (RECEX) indicate that expense on economic service sector and the lagged value of RGDP taken as an explanatory variable were found to have a positive significant relationship with economic growth in the long run. It is therefore recommended that conscious efforts be made by government to scrutinize and monitor budget implementations. Macroeconomic projections should guide the overall level of expenditures. This should be more realistic, internally consistent and based on more accurate and timely information. Government must embark on a careful estimation and determination of priorities and to emphasize the need for control over revenue and expenditure so as to enhance critical areas of economic growth in Nigeria.
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Leye Sherifdeen, Oyediran,, Sanni, Ibrahim, Adedoyin, Lukman, and Oyewole Olabode Michael. "Government Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Nigeria." Business and Management Research 5, no. 4 (December 7, 2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v5n4p56.
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The need to better the lots of citizens through government expenditure has raised questions on the impact of government expenditure on the economic development and growth of nations. It is against this background that this paper examined the antecedent effect of government spending on the Nigerian economic growth. The general objective of the study is to ascertain the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria; specifically, the study examined: (i) the significance influence of government capital expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria and (ii) the significance influence of government recurrent expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression analysis in estimating the specified model, with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the dependent variable, while Capital Expenditure (CAPEXP) and Recurrent Expenditure (REXP) are the independent variables. Data between 1980 – 2013 were collected from secondary sources through the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Results showed that in Nigeria, there exist a significant relationship between the government expenditure and economic growth. The study therefore recommends instilling fiscal discipline in government expenditures, and putting in place structural mechanisms to act as surveillance on capital spending so as to boost the nation’s human and social capital.
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Cynthia Odinakachi, Ayoka, Nzotta Samuel Mbadike, and Kanu Success Ikechi. "The Effect of Federal Government Revenue and Expenditure On Economic Growth in Nigeria – An Empirical Review." International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development 7, no. 3 (August 2021): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.73.2004.
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This study examined the effect of federal government revenue and expenditure on the economic growth of Nigeria for the period 1983 to 2018. Prior to now many studies have been completed on the subject matter and yet there doesn't seem to be a consensus of opinion amongst the different researchers on the relationship between revenue and expenditure interface in Nigeria. This could be ascribed to the different approaches gies set forward to clarify the relationship; thus warranting the need for this research .The investigation embraced an ex-post facto research design to produce test results via Bounds test, ARDL short/long run estimates and to make forecasts. The full scale economic factors used in the study includes Real Gross domestic product (proxy for economic growth), federal government retained revenue, non-oil revenue, capital expenditure and recurrent expenditure. We chose to be different in this study with a conscious omission of oil revenue as a variable of study. Findings of the research showed that federal government retained revenue; non-oil revenue and recurrent expenditure were statistically significant in explaining the relationship with economic growth in the short run; while capital expenditure was not at 5% Alpha level. Federal government retained revenue was also found to be statistically significant in the long run. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that the influential growth variables are federal government retained revenue; non-oil revenue and recurrent expenditure. The researchers thus recommend that government should be tactful in her efforts at fiscal policy synchronization. There is need to monitor Nigeria’s expenditure pattern, increase in revenue and a consequent increase in governments retained revenue. This will make for an effective adjustment in the utilization of capital expenditures and to assist with raising the level of economic growth in Nigeria
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Emmanuel, Falade Olanipekun, and Olagbaju Ifeolu Oladiran. "Effect of Government Capital Expenditure on Manufacturing Sector Output in Nigeria." Business and Economic Research 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v5i2.8241.
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<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">The study investigates the relationship between government expenditure and manufacturing sector output in Nigeria. Government expenditure is disaggregated into capital and recurrent with a view to analyse the relative effect of these categories of government expenditure with emphasis on the capital component. The study employed time series data from 1970 to 2013. Data on manufacturing sector output, capital and recurrent expenditure, nominal and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exchange rate and interest rate were collected from Statistical Bulletin and Annual Report and Statement of Accounts published by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Econometric evidence revealed stationarity of the variables of interest at their first difference while the Johansen cointegration approach also confirms the existence of one cointegrating relationship at 5 percent level of significance. In addition, error correction estimates revealed that while government capital expenditure has positive relationship with manufacturing sector output in Nigeria, recurrent expenditure exerts negative effect on manufacturing sector output. The results showed that one per cent increase in government capital expenditure resulted in an increase of 11.2 per cent in manufacturing sector output while recurrent expenditure decreases it by 26.9 per cent. This reveals that government capital expenditure has positive impact on manufacturing sector output. The study therefore suggests that larger percentage of government expenditure in the annual budget should be on capital component coupled with improved implementation of expenditure policies rather than recurrent expenditure which does not really have a significant impact on the manufacturing sector.</span></p>
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Adegboyo, Olufemi Samuel. "Does government spending reduce poverty in Nigeria? Evidence from Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Specification." e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi 7, no. 2 (September 3, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejeba.v7i2.17322.
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This paper analyses the impact of government spending on poverty reducing in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2017 making use of annual time series data. The study employs the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The result of the study revealed that economic service recurrent expenditure (ESRX), social and community recurrent expenditure (SCSRX), Transfer recurrent expenditure (TRX) reduces poverty while transfer capital expenditure (TCX) and administrative recurrent expenditure (ADRX) escalate poverty. Consequently, the study recommends that Government should embark on provision of food subsidies, subsidies farm input for farmers, subsidies transportation cost. Furthermore, government should endeavor to pay pensioners all their entitlements including gratuities as at when due without any delay, government should also be giving stipend to the unemployed and disabled, more poverty alleviating programs should be organize Also, the huge cost of maintaining the government should be reduced by reducing the numbers of political appointees to a reasonable size.
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Adegboyo, Olufemi Samuel. "Does government spending reduce poverty in Nigeria? Evidence from Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Specification." Ekonomi Bisnis 25, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um042v25i1p14-25.
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This paper analyses the impact of government spending on poverty reducing in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2017 making use of annual time series data. The study employs the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The result of the study revealed that economic service recurrent expenditure (ESRX), social and community recurrent expenditure (SCSRX), Transfer recurrent expenditure (TRX) reduces poverty while transfer capital expenditure (TCX) and administrative recurrent expenditure (ADRX) escalate poverty. Consequently, the study recommends that Government should embark on provision of food subsidies, subsidies farm input for farmers, subsidies transportation cost. Furthermore, government should endeavor to pay pensioners all their entitlements including gratuities as at when due without any delay, government should also be giving stipend to the unemployed and disabled, more poverty alleviating programs should be organize Also, the huge cost of maintaining the government should be reduced by reducing the numbers of political appointees to a reasonable size.
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Kolapo, Funsho, Azeez Bolanle, Joseph Mokuolu, Taiwo Oluwaleye, and Kehinde Alabi. "Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Validity of Wagner’s Law." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 02 (February 4, 2021): 2039–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i2.em01.
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The study investigated the impact of government expenditure on economic growth with special inclination to testing the Wagner’s law in Sub Saharan Africa between 1986 and 2018. Adopting the Panel first generation tests as well as the Panel Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Pairwise Causality techniques, it was revealed that government expenditure causes economic growth rendering the Wagner’s law is invalid in the Sub-Saharan region. Also, it was further discovered that capital and recurrent expenditure exert negative effect on economic growth while total expenditure has positive effect on economic growth in the region. Therefore, based on the negativity of capital and recurrent expenditure, it is recommended that capital and recurrent expenditure must be monitored effectively to ensure that its increase will not exert any negative effect on economic growth while stringent measures as well as checks and balances must be adopted to curb corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa to ensure that funds are used exclusively for their intended purposes especially those pertaining to capital projects.
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Nguyen, Quynh, and Van Thinh Pham. "Of financial autonomy at Lao Cai General Hospital, period 2015 – 2019." Journal of Health and Development Studies 05, no. 03 (May 30, 2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.38148/jhds.0503skpt20-124.
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Objective: The study was conducted to understand the financial autonomy situation at the Lao Cai General Hospital for the period 2015-2019. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study design using retrospective quantitative research methodology of secondary data from financial statements of Lao Cai General Hospital in the 5 years 2015-2019. Results: The hospital's total revenue tended to increase (in 2019, it increased by 97,445 million VND compared to 2015), of which, non-business revenues accounted for more than 80% of the total revenue each year. Revenue from hospital fees and health insurance accounts for a high proportion in the total non-business revenues of the hospital, accounting for about 66-79%. Total hospital spending tends to decrease from 2015 to 2018 (down 3%) and increase in 2019. Professional spending is at the top of the recurrent expenditure structure, accounting for about 38-40%. The personal payment group accounts for 25-29% of the total recurrent expenditure in the hospital and tends to increase each year. The hospital's revenue and expenditure difference tends to increase with the total difference of VND 15,322 million, VND 18,875 million, VND 10,578 million, VND 16,950 million and VND 16,950 million respectively for the years 2015-2019. In general, the total revenue and expenditure realized were in excess of the estimate. Conclusion: In the period 2015 - 2019, total hospital revenues tend to increase, total hospital expenditures tend to decrease, leading to an increasing trend in hospital revenues and expenditures over the years. The appropriation of funds is in accordance with the current regulations, so the salary reform fund accounts for a large proportion and tends to increase sharply, making the bonus fund, the welfare fund, the salary fund increase and decrease. gradually. Keywords: Financial revenue and expenditure activities, Lao Cai Province General Hospital
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Owolabi-Merus, O. "Re-Examining the Wagner’s Law versus Keynesian Hypothesis: Evidence from Nigeria." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 57 (August 2015): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.57.142.
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This study investigates the Keynesian and Wagnerian views on public expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria using annual secondary data spanning from 1980 to 2011 obtained from the Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletins. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality econometric methodologies were used in this study. The Johansen Cointegration test revealed the presence of a long-run cointegrated relationship between government expenditure (capital expenditure and recurrent expenditure) and economic growth (GDP) in Nigeria. The Granger Causality test found no mutual correlation between government expenditure (capital expenditure and recurrent expenditure) and economic growth (GDP) using the benchmark of 5% level of statistical significance. The findings of this study therefore indicate the non-existence of both Wagner’s Law and Keynesian Hypothesis on public expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria during the period under review.
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Aluthge, Chandana, Adamu Jibir, and Musa Abdu. "Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nigeria, 1970-2019." Central Bank of Nigeria Journal of Applied Statistics 12, No. 1 (August 16, 2021): 139–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33429/cjas.12121.6/6.
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This study investigates the impact of Nigerian government expenditure (disaggregated into capital and recurrent) on economic growth using time series data for the period 1970-2019. The paper employs Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. To ensure robustness of results, the study accounts for structural breaks in the unit root test and the co-integration analysis. The key findings of the study are that capital expenditure has positive and significant impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run while recurrent expenditure does not have significant impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. The study recommends that government should increase the share of the capital expenditure especially on meaningful projects that have direct bearing on the citizen’s welfare. Government should also improve the spending patterns of recurrent expenditure through careful reallocation of resources toward productive activities that would enhance human development in the country.
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Okolo, Chukwuemeka Valentine, Richardson Kojo Edeme, and Chinanuife Emmanuel. "Economic Analysis of Capital Expenditure and Infrastructural Development in Nigeria." Journal of Infrastructure Development 10, no. 1-2 (June 2018): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974930618809173.
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Infrastructural development has been the major concern of countries all over the world due to its significant impact in fostering growth. In Nigeria, it has been observed that the level of infrastructure posed serious threat to attaining sustained growth. This study therefore examines the impact of capital expenditure on infrastructural development in Nigeria, utilising time series from 1970 to 2017. The study adopted autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model due to the possibility of the past value of the dependent variable explaining its present value, and found that capital expenditure, construction expenditure and non-oil revenue have the potency of accentuating infrastructural development in the long-run but such is being hampered by external debt. The positive effect of recurrent expenditure on infrastructural development is a pointer that bulk of the expenditure in Nigeria over the years is recurrent in nature. These suggest the need to boost non-oil revenue, reduce recurrent and channel external debt into productive infrastructural development.
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Oguso, Alex. "Growth Effects of Public Recurrent Expenditure in Kenya." Journal of Economics, Management and Trade 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2017/36172.
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OBAYORI, JOSEPH BIDEMI. "Government Expenditure and Economic Discomfort in Nigeria." Finance & Economics Review 2, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v2i2.89.
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Purpose: Government expenditure affects the behavior of both producers and consumers, and influence the distribution of income and wealth in the economy. But, a cursory look at government expenditure (recurrent and capital) in Nigeria over the year, showed that expenditure has been on the increase but the rate of increase has not translated into economic comfort (reduction in poverty and unemployment rates). Due to this assumption, this paper examined government expenditure and economic discomfort in Nigeria.
Methods: Annual time-series data from 1990-2018 were obtained from the CBN Statistical Bulletin (various issues) and the World Bank report. The descriptive statistics, ADF unit root test, and ARDL model serves as the analytical tools.
Results: Based on the empirical result, the paper concluded that government capital expenditure has a negative and significant relationship with economic discomfort. On the other hand, government recurrent expenditure is positively and insignificantly related to economic discomfort.
Implications: This result implies that while the increase in capital expenditure will depress economic discomfort, an increase in the recurrent component of the expenditure will not help to reduce economic discomfort. Based on these conclusions, the paper recommended amongst others that more government capital spending should be encouraged as it plays a critical role in reducing both poverty and unemployment rates in Nigeria.
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Mehrara, Mohsen, Hamid Abrishami, Mostafa Boroujli, and Mahan Amin. "Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Iran." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 11 (September 2013): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.11.76.
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This paper examines causal relationships between Government Recurrent Expenditure (GRE) and GDP for Iran using annual data over the period 1970-2010. The Gregory-Hansen (1996) cointegration technique, allowing for the presence of potential structural breaks in data, is applied to empirically examine the long-run co-movement between these variables. The results suggest that there is a long-run relationship between these variables. The Granger Causality test indicates strong unidirectional effects from GDP to GRE. But there is no evidence that TRE promotes long-term economic growth. Moreover, the main results in this paper confirm that there is an instantaneous as well as unidirectional causal link running from GDP to GRE. Based on the results, the policy makers should ensure that recurrent expenditures are properly managed to accelerate economic growth. Moreover, government should promote efficiency in the allocation of resources by encouraging more private sector participation to ensure productivity-intensive growth.
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Omodero, Cordelia Onyinyechi. "Government General Spending and Human Development: A Case Study of Nigeria." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2019-0005.
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Abstract The study assesses the impact of government general spending on human development in Nigeria from 2003 to 2017. The purpose is to determine the response of human development index (HDI) to recurrent and capital government expenditure. In order to achieve this objective, the multiple linear regression model linking the study variables was applied while Ordinary Lease Squares method was used to analyze the model. The results indicate that government’s capital expenditure and inflation have insignificant negative influence on HDI, corruption does not have any impact on HDI but government recurrent expenditure has strong and significant positive impact on HDI. The study concludes that resources on recurrent expenses should be reduced while more money should be invested in capital projects for human capital development in Nigeria.
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Dangal, Dil Nath, and Ram Prasad Gajurel. "Public Expenditure and Economic Growth of Nepal." Rupantaran: A Multidisciplinary Journal 5 (September 27, 2021): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rupantaran.v5i01.39830.
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This study intended to evaluate the trends of public expenditure and to show the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth in Nepal. In order to fulfill these objectives, the chart, correlation, and regression were employed by using time series data sets over the period of 1974/75 to 20108/19. Economic growth (RGDP) (proxied as the real GDP with rebasing 2009/10) as dependent variable and recurrent expenditure (RE), capital expenditure (CE), expenditure on education (EE), expenditure on health (HE), and expenditure on transportation and communication (TCE) were proxied as public expenditure. The study revealed that there is positive correlation between dependent and predictors. The results of regression also confirmed that there is positive relationship between public expenditure on economic growth of Nepal. Particularly, HE and TCE had negative relationship with RGDP. This study applied 45 annually observed times series data sets and mainly fitted regression model to examine the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth in Nepal. The main policy implication of this study is that government and concern body should give more concern about capital expenditure for enhancing productive activities and attention about recurrent expenditure. Also, education, health, and transportation and communication are the economic infrastructure, so government should most attention to increase expenditure on these sectors that may produce long-run impact on economy.
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Kenneth Chikezie, Anyalechi, Onwumere Josaphat Uchechukwu Joe, and Boloupremo Tarila. "Fiscal Policy and the Nigerian Economy: An Econometric Review." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 4 (March 26, 2017): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n4p186.
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The paper examines fiscal policy regulations as a tool for enhancing economic growth and poverty reduction in Nigeria using data covering the period 1981-2014 obtained from Central bank of Nigeria and World Development Indicators. The study employed econometric methods of Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Unit Root test, Johansen Co-integration test and Vector auto-regression (VAR) to analyze data empirically. Results from data analyzed suggest that tax revenue, external borrowings, government domestic debt and government capital expenditure have not contributed significantly to economic growth and poverty reduction in Nigeria. However, government recurrent expenditure was found to be statistically significant and impacted on the gross domestic product per capita during the study period. This may be attributed to the reason that recurrent expenditure has a deep rooted and faster influence on growth than capital expenditure. Capital expenditure, which is a long-term expenditure, is more prone to misappropriation and theft, and also could be less growth enhancing. The empirical result is consistent with and strongly upheld the Keynesian’s view that government expenditure causes economic growth.
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Gwaison, Panan Danladi, and Livinus Nkuri Maimako. "EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT HEALTH EXPENDITURES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH SECTOR IN NIGERIA (1979-2017). AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6883.
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Health is a very important aspect of an individual’s wellbeing, and since individuals make a nation, therefore, healthcare expenditure could be regarded as one of the necessary conditions to achieving a sustainable long-term economic development. This study examined the effects of government health expenditures on the performance of health Sector in Nigeria. The study employed expo facto research design. The annual time series data from 1979 to 2017 was used in this study from Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria and World Development Indicators, 2018. The pre estimation test like the descriptive statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test Johensen cointegration test and Error correction model test. The OLS estimation technique was used to determine the coefficient of the variables and test the four hypothesis. The results indicated that government total health expenditures, capital health expenditure and recurrent health expenditures are positively related to the performance of health sector proxy by life expectancy rate and statistically insignificant. However capital health expenditure was statistically significant to life expectancy. The study recommends that more emphasis should be placed on the capital expenditures on health as this will facilitate rapid development of the sector and adequate Machinery should be put in place by all sectors of government to arrest corruption and penalize those who divert and embezzle public health fund among other recommendations were made.
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Onodugo, Vincent A., Kenneth Onyebuchi Obi, Oluchukwu F. Anowor, Nnenna Georgina Nwonye, and Grace N. Ofoegbu. "Does public spending affect unemployment in an emerging market?" Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 7, no. 1 (2017): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv7i1art4.
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The Nigerian economy in the last two decades up until 2013 has been growing at an average of 6% and yet unemployment was equally growing in the region of 20% within the same period. This paradoxical situation has led to a flurry of studies and postulations aimed at providing explanation and solution to the phenomenon. This study making use of a regression model with annual data from 1980 to 2013, empirically determined the impact of public sector expenditures (CEXP and REXP) together with private sector investment (PINV) on unemployment (UNEMP) in Nigeria. Capital expenditure and private sector investment both in the medium to long-run were found to serve as catalyst towards reduction of unemployment, while recurrent expenditure was not statistically strong enough to do same. The R-2 (0.84) showed that greater proportion of the total variations in UNEMP was brought about by variations in the regressors. Further tests like autocorrelation, hetroscedasticity, specification error, and multicollinearity indicated respectively that there is no presence of autocorrelation hence the model produced a parsimonious result; the variance is constant over time; the link test confirmed by Ramsey reset test suggested there was no specification error; and lastly the variance inflation factor (VIF) of the variables implies that there is no evidence of multicollinearity. The study recommends, inter alia, that the proportion of capital expenditure in Nigerian budget profile should be systematically increased while the recurrent expenditure should be reduced; and there is need to stimulate competition among investors through removal of structural and institutional rigidities and government should design clear policy incentives to private sector investment.
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Abu, Amana, and Aigbedion Marvelous. "IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT SECURITY EXPENDITURE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Innovative Research in Social Sciences and Strategic Management Techniques 7, no. 1 (September 3, 2020): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijirsssmt.v7.i1.16.
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This study is an attempt to assess the impact of government security expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria from 1986-2018. The study was carried out using time series data, and econometrics tools were used for testing and estimation. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) was used to test the stationarity, the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Error Correction Model (ECM) techniques were used to estimate the impact of government security expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria and the causality test was also carried out to show the casual relationship among the economic variables using Granger test. From the study’s findings, the data were stationary at various levels and the impact estimated result shows that government security expenditure has strong impact on economic growth in Nigeria given the R2 Square of 0.97. While long run result revealed that Government Recurrent Defence Spending in Nigeria (GRDEXP), Government Recurrent Internal Security Spending in Nigeria (GRISEXP) and Government Security Capital Expenditure in Nigeria (GSCAEXP) were statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Also, ECM result revealed that all the independent variables were statistically insignificant in explaining the variation in Real Gross Domestic Products (RGDP) in Nigeria except Government Recurrent Defence Spending in Nigeria (GRDEXP).Therefore, the study recommends that government should design a mechanism to ensure all monies spent in Security in Nigeria are accounted for economic growth in Nigeria.
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MAKSYMCHUK, Oleksandr. "THE IMPACT OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE ON THE FUNCTIONING OF DEVELOPMENT BUDGET (FOR EXAMPLE, THE CITY BUDGET OF TERNOPIL)." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(50) (2017): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2017.01.091.
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Introduction. Today no one doubts the need for decentralization, which should ensure the formation of self-sufficient communities. However, we must not forget that in addition to changing the ratio of state and local spending, decentralization must provide balance of expenditures for various purposes. At the present stage of the budgetary system of Ukraine, it does not ensure such balance. Purpose. Identification of the major problems in the functioning of the development budget based on the analysis of legislation and statistics and provide practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of its operation. Results. It is considered the definition of “fiscal decentralization”, highlighted its main aspects. It is characterized “Concept of reforming the local government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine.” It is analyzed changes in budget legislation that affect the operation of the development budget. Conclusions. For the effective functioning of the development budget should be implemented a range of measures. The priority of budget reform is separation of planning, funding and monitoring expenditure on recurrent expenditure with prospective expenditures. Also need to secure for him sufficient income to ensure implementation costs. In addition, Ukraine is necessary to form a reliable monitoring system.
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Ejem, Chukwu Agwu, Bonaventure Ofasia Oriko, and Ogechi Blessing Nwakodo. "Does Recurrent Expenditure Drive Growth In Nigeria? A Cointegrated Var Approach." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2019): p9085. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.06.2019.p9085.
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Van Lemmen, Freek, and V. Van Amelsvoort. "How Do African Voluntary Agency Hospitals Spend Their Money?" Tropical Doctor 18, no. 1 (January 1988): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947558801800117.
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The recurrent expenditure over the years 1981–83 was analysed in 50 voluntary agency hospitals from 12 African countries. The percentage distribution, averaged across all hospitals, of 7 major categories was: personal emoluments 48%; drugs and dressings 18%; transport, electricity, water 11%; food 6%; hospital supplies 5%; repair and maintenance 5%; other expenditure 7%. The first two items differed widely in two subgroups of hospitals. Personal emoluments took 38% in hospitals depending mainly on patient fees, as against 54% in hospitals receiving substantial government grants. The expenditure for drugs and dressings was 24% and 14% respectively for the same hospital subgroups.
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Edeme, Richardson Kojo, and Chigozie Nelson Nkalu. "Public expenditure and human development in Nigeria in the last decade, composition and distributional impacts." Economics and Business Letters 8, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.8.2.2019.62-73.
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Beyond the country-level impact, this study evaluates public expenditure in Nigeria in the last decade based on composition and distributional impacts on human development at the state-level considering education, health, agriculture and rural development water resources energy, housing and environmental protection. Using data generated from 20 states from 2007-2017, the empirical analysis indicates that the efficacy of education, health, agriculture and rural development and water resources in improving human development is greater than that of energy, housing and environmental protection expenditure. More interestingly, the positive effect of capital expenditure is mitigated by increased recurrent expenditure. The combination of these factors strongly reduces the capability of public expenditure to foster human development. Based on the distributional impact assessment model, education, health, agriculture and rural development and water resources has positive marginal impact while energy, housing and environmental protection has negative marginal impact. Together, these results further advance the case for improving expenditure on the components and sectors that enhances human development. In other words, the public policy plays a great role in human development expenditure in Nigeria.
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Maku, Olukayode Emmanuel, Afeez Taiwo Tella, and Akinola Christopher Fagbohun. "Alleviating Poverty in Nigeria: Keynesian Vs Monetary Theory of Poverty." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2020-0007.
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AbstractThis study comparatively investigates the impacts of fiscal and monetary policies on poverty in Nigeria from 1986 to 2018. Using the Ordinary Least Square and Standardized or Beta Coefficient approach, we found that the Nigerian political system plays a vital role on a large number of its citizens living in extreme poverty. Other factors identified as the likely causes of poverty are insurgencies, terrorism, and low productivity among others. Also, monetary policy is more important in alleviating poverty than the fiscal policy which favored the monetary school arguments. Specifically, monetary measures like exchange rate and interest rate are more significant in alleviating poverty far more than inflation rate while fiscal measures proxy with government recurrent expenditure plays a more vital role in alleviating poverty in Nigeria than others like government capital expenditure and government recurrent expenditure. The study recommended that in the case of monetary measures, there is a need for Government through the Central Bank of Nigeria, to shift their attention towards key monetary policy measures like interest rate and exchange rate compare to other monetary measures.
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Mgbanya, J. C., J. C. Onwumere, A. V. Eze, A. V. Nwokenekwu, and E. O. Igwe. "Impact of National Recurrent Expenditure on Nigeria Agricultural Growth from 1990-2017." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 28, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2018/45782.
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Werigbelegha, Andabai Priye. "Fiscal Policy and the Performance of Private Sector in Nigeria (1990-2019): A Vector Error Correction Investigation." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 4, no. 2 (July 20, 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-tf39ix73.
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The study examines the relationship between fiscal policy and the performance of private sector in Nigeria; for the period 1990-2019. Secondary data are collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 2019. Four variables are employ for this study. These are Private Sector Output as proxy for performance of private sector economy and used as the dependent variable; whereas, the explanatory variables include Tax, Recurrent Expenditure and Capital Expenditure. Hypotheses are formulated and tested using time series econometric models. The result confirms that about 68% short-run adjustment speed from long-run disequilibrium. The study shows a significant relationship between capital expenditure and private sector output in Nigeria. Taxation has a significant relationship with private sector output in Nigeria. Recurrent expenditure has a significant relationship with private sector output in Nigeria. The coefficient of determination indicates that about 62% of the variations in economic growth can be explain by changes in fiscal policy variables in Nigeria. The study concludes that fiscal policy has a significant relationship with the growth and development of Nigerian economy. The study recommends that more resources should be relocated to productive sectors and increasing and sustaining a spending on the productive sectors of the economy. The study suggested that Nigerian government should put a stop to the incessant unproductive foreign borrowing, wasteful spending and uncontrolled money supply. The government should embark on specific policies aimed at achieving increased and sustainable growth and development in the economy.
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Qureshi, Sarfraz Khan. "A Critical Evaluation of the Budgetary Process for Public Expenditure in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 975–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.975-989.
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Over the past decade budgetary policies have emphasised a firm restraint on the growth of total expenditure and a restructuring of the profile of both current and development expenditure to deal with a high fiscal deficit in Pakistan. Regarding current expenditure, there has been an increasing emphasis on meeting fully the recurrent cost requirements of completed public investments and on the minimisation of the costly subsidY programmes. Development expenditure has been increasingly directed towards the priority sectors pertaining to physical and social infrastructure and to early completion of the on-going development projects. Effective public expenditure management places heavy demands on existing government institutions and has a much wider scope than the formulation and implementation of conventional expenditure budgets. The formulation of an appropriate macroeconomic framework, selection of projects on a sound basis, prqper designing of public sector investment programmes and appropriate linkages between planning and budgetary processes is as, if not more, important than the narrow focus on expenditure budgeting [Hussain (1979»). Notwithstanding the importance of these broader aspects of budgetary issues, this paper does not deal with such public expenditure management issues. Instead it concentrates on a description and an analysis of the formulation process of government expenditure budgeting. The conventional practice in Pakistan in the formulation of expenditure budgets is based on the ''bottom-up" demands of various government agencies. Feats regarding the adverse consequences of deficit financing with respect to macro instability have persuaded the government to impose constraints on total expenditure. Donor agencies, especially the International Monetary Fund, have been instrumental in the imposition of 'top-down' constraints on the 'bottom-up' demands.
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Muazu, Abdulrazak Umar, and Lawali Mohammad. "Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria, 1970-2010: ARDL Bounds Test Approach." International Journal of Business Administration and Management Research 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijbamr.2015.1.1.04.
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This paper analyses the impact of public expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1970 to 2010 making use of annual time series data. The study employs the bounds testing (ARDL) approach toexamine the long run and short run relationships between public expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria. The bounds test suggested that the variables of interest put in the framework are bound together in the long-run. The associated equilibrium correction was also significant confirming the existence of long-run relationships. Our findings indicate the impact of total public spending on growth to be negative which is consistent with other past studies. Recurrent expenditure however was found to have little significant positive impact on growth. Therefore, government should increase its spending on infrastructure, social and economic activities.
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Struthers, P. "Equity and the distribution of rehabilitation personnel in one health district in the Western Cape." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 57, no. 4 (November 30, 2001): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v57i4.513.
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This paper describes a situation analysis of the rehabilitation personnel, employed by the state and non-governmental organisations, and the services available for people with disabilities in one health district in Cape Town. The recurrent cost of employing the rehabilitation personnel is analysed to determine how funding is allocated within the district. The results indicate that most expenditure on personnel is at two state institutions in the district, with 76% of the expenditure at the regional psychiatric hospital and its residential facility for people with a profound intellectual disability. The balance - 24% of expenditure - is the cost of employing rehabilitation personnel who provide a district level service. Seventy percent of this district level expenditure is at one special school that accepts 6% of children with disabilities in the district. A high percentage of intellectually disabled children and adults, with or without physical disabilities, do not have access to rehabilitation. There is minimal expenditure on employing rehabilitation personnel at the community heath centre. The only expenditure on community based rehabilitation is provided by the non-governmental organisation. The study demonstrates the inequitable distribution of funding for rehabilitation services within one relatively well-resourced health district and makes recommendations to facilitate change.
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Wuyah, Yunana Titus, and Muhammad Dahiru Ahmad. "EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF KADUNA STATE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION ON HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES 4, no. 4 (December 27, 2016): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jah.v4i2.4554.
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This study empirically examine the impact of government expenditure on education on human capital development in Kaduna State over the last 15 years (2000-2015) using econometrics model with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique.The paper test for presence of stationary between the variables using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and autocorrelationusing Durbin Watson statistics. The results reveals all the variables were not stationary in levels except capital expenditure (CE) and Primary schools enrolment (PE) while the rest were stationary at second difference. DW shows presence of serial correlation. The regression results indicated that government expenditure on education have significant impact on human capital development in Kaduna State. It could therefore be recommended that the state government should increase its capital and recurrent expenditure on education, ensure proper management and monitory of funds made for the teachers, constant payment of teachers salaries and allowances in a manner that it will raise the state production capacity. The state should construct addition primary and secondary schools across the state, with modern facilities, and employ more teachers.
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Et. al., Jackie D. Urrutia. "An Analysis on Forecasting Inflation Rate in the Philippines: A Recurrent Neural Network Method Approach." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 5297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2165.
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Inflation rate is the proceeding rise within the common level of costs of products and services in an economy over a certain span of time. In 2018, the Philippines has the highest inflation rate among the 10 South East Asian countries. The objective of this research is to forecast the inflation rate of the Philippines for the next five years (2019-2023). Also, the researchers compared the results obtained from the Multiple Linear Regression and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) performed in MATLAB to determine which of these two models will be the better model in forecasting inflation rate. In this study, the researchers observed the behavior of the Inflation Rate(y) and its economic factors such as Import (x1), Export (x2), Money Supply (x3), Gross Domestic Product (x4), Gross National Product (x5), Expenditure (x6) and Exchange Rate (x7). Using Multiple Linear Regression, this study determined that the significant predictors are Money Supply (x3) and Expenditures (x6). By evaluating the forecast efficiency of the two methods, the researchers concluded that Multilayered Recurrent Neural Network outperforms Multiple Linear Regression in predicting inflation rate of the Philippines. This paper can be useful to the Philippine Government on their decisions about monetary policy making since forecasting the inflation rate has a huge importance and impact in conducting monetary policy.
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M., Raymond, and Ibyingibo S. "National Defence Expenditure and Its Implications on Economic Development in Nigeria." African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajesd-4iwkvnsi.
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The issue of security is presently a critical challenge for the Nigeria State: biggest democracy in Africa as reports of killings are plastered on a daily basis on both print and social media. This is unpalatable for a developing country like Nigeria that has its eyes set on improving the lot of its citizens and becoming a force to reckon with in the global economy. It is on this backdrop that this study set sail to examine the association between national defence expenditure and economic development in Nigeria. The study adopted Ex-post facto research design as the variables- Misery Index, CDEX and RDEX: cannot be manipulated as they are annual time series data sourced from the World Development Indicator and the Central Bank of Nigeria annual report from a period of 38 years covering from 1981 to 2018, which were in turn analyzed using the error correction model (ECM) method of estimation. The result of the Johansen cointegration test revealed that government capital spending on defence, recurrent spending on defence, foreign direct investment and misery index have common trends in the long run. The outcome of the normalized cointegration disclosed a negative and significant relationship between government capital spending on defence and misery index, while a positive and significant long run relationship exists between government recurrent spending on defence and misery index. The short run analysis pointed to a positive and significant relationship between previous year’s misery index and current year’s misery index. The study thus recommended that government defence spending be reassessed to make it development oriented and proper monitoring of defence spending be carried out.
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Ngware, Moses W., Eldah N. Onsomu, and David I. Muthaka. "Financing Secondary Education in Kenya: Cost Reduction and Financing Options." education policy analysis archives 15 (December 31, 2007): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v15n24.2007.
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The paper examines the financing status of secondary education in Kenya and explores possible cost reduction and financing options in the long term. Educational needs for secondary education in Kenya are on the increase since the introduction of Free Primary Education in 2003. Financing of secondary education continues to be a challenge to the government, parents and communities at large. Identifying sustainable financing options that maximize on cost-effectiveness in resource utilization is therefore critical. The study utilized secondary data obtained from education trend statistics, the 2003 Kenya school census, and the Teachers Service Commission. The education simulation and financial projection tool provided the basis for projecting both growth in secondary enrollments, resource needs, and financial implications of various policy options. Some of the insights from the study show that expenditure on secondary education as a proportion of GDP and the total education public budget averaged 1.6% and 22%, respectively. Public financing is predominantly recurrent, while non-recurrent expenditures are estimated at 6%. High-income quintiles benefit more from public provision and financing of secondary education compared to the low-income quintiles. Feasible financing options would therefore include increasing secondary education revenue and fiscal allocation on non-salary expenditures. Cost reduction measures should target the expansion of quality day schools, efficiency utilization of teachers, and streamlined procurements. The paper provides research findings and makes objective projections with a view to informing researchers, education managers and policy makers.
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Mugisha, Frederick, and Julie Nabyonga-Orem. "To what extent does recurrent government health expenditure in Uganda reflect its policy priorities?" Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 8, no. 1 (2010): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1478-7547-8-19.
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Segall, Malcolm. "Health sector planning led by management of recurrent expenditure: An agenda for action-research." International Journal of Health Planning and Management 6, no. 1 (January 1991): 37–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hpm.4740060105.
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Hargraves, Jenny, Narelle Grayson, and Ian Titulaer. "Trends in hospital service provision." Australian Health Review 25, no. 5 (2002): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020002.
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In this paper,trends in hospital service provision are measured using data on the numbers and nature of hospitals,on hospital expenditure and on hospital activity over recent years.The number of public acute care hospitals was fairly stable,however,bed numbers decreased.Hospital numbers rose for private hospitals,as did numbers of beds,particularly for group for-profit private hospitals.Recurrent health expenditure on hospitals as a proportion of all recurrent health expenditure fell,although it rose for private hospitals, and real increases in expenditure occurred for both public acute and private hospitals.Population rates for separations and patient days rose for private hospitals and were stable and fell, respectively,for public acute hospitals. Average length of stay decreased for both public acute and private hospitals, with increasing numbers of separations occurring on a same day basis.Increasing proportions of procedures were undertaken during same day stays,and in private hospitals.Separation rates varied geographically, with highest rates overall,and for public hospitals and overnight separations,for patients resident in remote centres and other remote areas.Highest rates for private hospitals were for patients resident in capital cities,other metropolitan centres and large rural centres.
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Ocheni, Stephen I., and Michael Sunday Agba. "Fiscal Decentralisation, Public Expenditure Management and Human Capital Development in Nigeria." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0016.
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Abstract The paper focuses on fiscal decentralization, public expenditure management and human capital development in Nigeria. It presents a synergical relationship/nexus between fiscal decentralization, public expenditure management and human capital development and sees fiscal decentralization as an imperative necessity of empowering levels of government with financial resources to bring government closer to the people by the rendition of social services to people within their jurisdictions. The paper further argues that assigned fiscal responsibilities of governmental agencies must be backed up with prudent management of public expenditure (recurrent and capital) which should be aptly targeted at developing the human resources considered as the kingpin of true developmental efforts in any society. Nigeria, a social formation with an estimated population of 180 million persons and the largest economy in Africa has consistently failed in fostering the development of its human capital through budgetary allocations and implementation, fiscal decentralization and public expenditure management. To arrest the trend, the paper calls for a sustained commitment on the part of government in the development of the nation’s resources through sustained budgetary allocations in education, health, agriculture, infrastructural development, training and retraining of workers, power, science and technology and execution of people oriented public programmes/projects.
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Ankrah Odame, E., P. Akweongo, B. Yankah, F. Asenso-Boadi, and I. Agyepong. "Sustainability of recurrent expenditure on public social welfare programmes: expenditure analysis of the free maternal care programme of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme." Health Policy and Planning 29, no. 3 (March 28, 2013): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czt013.
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Oo, Bee Lan, Florence Yean Yng Ling, and Alexander Soo. "Construction Procurement: Modelling Bidders’ Learning in Recurrent Bidding." Construction Economics and Building 15, no. 4 (November 23, 2015): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i4.4653.
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Construction remains a significant area of public expenditure. An understanding of the process of changes in construction pricing, and how the process can be manipulated through the release of bidding feedback information is vital, in order to best design clients’ procurement policies. This paper aims to statistically model inexperienced individual bidders’ learning in recurrent bidding under partial and full information feedback conditions. Using an experimental dataset, the developed linear mixed model contains three predictor variables, namely: time factor, information feedback conditions, and bidding success rate in the preceding round. The results show nonlinearity and curvature in the bidders’ learning curves. They are generally less competitive in time periods after a winning bid with lower average bids submitted by those subjected to full information feedback condition. In addition, the model has captured the existence of heterogeneity across bidders with individual-specific parameter estimates that demonstrate the uniqueness of individual bidders’ learning curves in recurrent bidding. The findings advocate for adequate bidding feedback information in clients’ procurement design to facilitate learning among contractors, which may in turn lead to increased competitiveness in their bids.
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Choi, Youn-Sik, Sungjoon Huh, Jiyeon Lee, and Youngchul Kim. "Critical Review of the National Accounting Standard on Contingent Liability: A Case of Recurrent Expenditure." Korean Accounting Journal 26, no. 6 (December 31, 2017): 365–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24056/kaj.2017.11.004.
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Omankhanlen, Alexander Ehimare, Peace Onyedikachi Chimezie, and Lawrence Uchenna Okoye. "Government Expenditure and Sustainable Industrial Development in Nigeria." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (January 4, 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.4.
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The development of the industrial sector remains a contentious issue in Nigeria’s economy.This research examines the impact of Government expenditure on sustainable industrial developmentin Nigeria. The research adopted Johansen co-integration and vector error correction analysis via EViews statistical software (version 10.0) for period between 1981 and 2018, to determine long-runimpact of public finance on industrial growth in Nigeria. It used time series data extracted from CBNstatistical bulletin (2018) and WDI (2018). This research adopts Wagner’s Law named after the Germanpolitical economist Adolph Wagner (1835-1917), which best explains government expenditure andindustrialization. This research study found out that government revenue is statistically insignificantbut has a positive effect on industrial development; Manufacturing Value added as a proxy (MVA), a100% change in GREV will bring about 28% changes in manufacturing output, capital expenditure ishowever statistically significant and negatively impacts industrial output, a change in CEXP will yieldless than a proportional change in MVA by about 52%, recurrent expenditure positively affectsindustrial growth, although its influence is statistically insignificant, a 100% rise in REXP will causeabout 41% increase in manufacturing sector’s growth. Also, a change in capital stock i.e. Gross FixedCapital Formation (GFCF) will lead to a significant but inelastic and less than proportional change inMVA, thereby depicting inverse relationship. Based on the findings the following conclusions weremade: Effective allocations of government revenue as well as the early release and approval of budgetproposals will have a meaningful effect on the economy, increase in sustainable investment levelalongside required equipment coupled with qualified personnel to properly manage these amenities willensure improvement of the industrial sector and finally, working incentives in form of tax incentives,promotion and salary increment should be regularly encouraged in the industrial sector in Nigeria
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Ubesie, Cyril Madubuko, Amalachukwu Ananwude, Ezechi Nwanekpe Cyracus, and Ebe Emmanuel. "Does Fiscal Policy Tools have the Potential to Stimulate Performance of Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria?" Finance & Economics Review 2, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v2i3.163.
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Purpose: There is no denying the fact that the Nigerian manufacturing sector is not performing up to the expectation. The poor performance of the manufacturing sector is attributed largely to the poor state of basic infrastructures, especially power supply, and good road networks. To this end, this study examined the potential of fiscal policy to stimulate manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria.
Methods: The model estimation employed the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique, while the effect of estimation was carried out using the Granger causality test based on the data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) for the period of 1986 to 2019.
Results: The result of the analysis revealed that recurrent expenditure has no significant effect on manufacturing sector performance. However, capital expenditure, fiscal deficit, and the company’s income tax significantly affect manufacturing sector performance.
Implications: The Federal, State, and Local governments should stop wasteful expenditure on unnecessary entertainment on meetings, seminars, workshops, foreign trips, etc. to increase spending on basic industrial infrastructures, most importantly on the power supply and road network to stimulate the manufacturing sector performance.
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Mvundura, Mercy, Laura Di Giorgio, Dafrossa Lymo, Francis Dien Mwansa, Bulula Ngwegwe, and Laurie Werner. "The costs of developing, deploying and maintaining electronic immunisation registries in Tanzania and Zambia." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 6 (November 2019): e001904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001904.
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ObjectiveTo determine the costs to develop, roll out and maintain electronic immunisation registries (EIRs) and a related suite of data use interventions.MethodsThe Better Immunisation Data (BID) Initiative conducted the activities from 2013 to 2018 in three regions in Tanzania and one province in Zambia. The Initiative’s financial records were used to account for the financial costs of designing and developing the EIRs, BID staff time, expenditures for rolling out the EIR systems and the related suite of interventions to health facilities, and recurrent costs. Total financial costs, cost per facility and cost per child were calculated in 2018 US$.FindingsTotal expenditures were ~US$4.2 million in Tanzania and US$3.6 million in Zambia. System design and development costs accounted for ~33% and 26% of the expenditures in each country, respectively, while BID staff costs accounted for 39% and 52%, respectively. Average expenditures per health facility for rolling out the EIR system were between US$709 and US$1320 for the Tanzania regions and US$2591 for Zambia. The annualised average expenditure per child was estimated to be between US$3.30 and US$3.81 for the regions in Tanzania and US$8.46 in Zambia. Expenditures per child were higher in Zambia partly because of a much smaller birth cohort compared with Tanzania.ConclusionOther countries may benefit from the investments made and lessons learnt in Tanzania and Zambia by leveraging these now existing EIR platforms and rollout strategies, and hence may be able to implement EIRs at lower costs than reported here.
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Akudugu, Jonas Ayaribilla, and Edmond Oppong-Peprah. "Local Government Revenue Mobilisation and Management: the case of Asante Akim South District Assembly, Ghana." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 3, no. 2 (July 10, 2013): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v3i2.3977.
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Ghana’s comprehensive decentralisation programme aimed at bringing governance closer to the citizens was implemented in the late 1980s. This period witnessed the gradual transfer of power, authority and resources to the District Assemblies. The decentralisation programme has since made modest gains, especially in promoting local participation in political governance. However, one of the biggest challenges facing the District Assemblies in Ghana is how to effectively mobilise revenue internally to support local development initiatives. This paper examines the challenges confronting the Asante Akim South District Assembly in its revenue mobilisation and management drive. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, group discussion and review of relevant financial documents of the Assembly, particularly the Trial Balance Sheets. Clearly, the Asante Akim South District Assembly performs poorly in internal revenue mobilisation. Comparatively, the internally generated fund is the least contributor to district revenue. We also noticed that a wide difference exists between budgeted revenue or expenditure and the actual revenue or expenditure, especially in 2002. In addition, we found that a large amount of the internally generated fund is spent on recurrent expenditure (personnel emoluments, travel and transport, and miscellaneous). We also found that any increase in revenue has a corresponding increase in expenditure. These findings do not present a good picture as far as the financial condition of the Asante Akim South District Assembly is concern. As such, there is the need for the Assembly to initiate measures aimed at improving revenue mobilisation and management.
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Roggeri, Daniela Paola, Alessandro Roggeri, and Vittorio Pengo. "Venous tromboembolism treatment: budget impact analysis of rivaroxaban in Italy." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 15, no. 4 (December 22, 2014): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v15i4.968.
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BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is frequently leading to severe complications, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and requires high cost healthcare intevention. Rivaroxaban, a novel oral factor Xa inhibitor approved for treatment of DVT, PE and reduction of the risk of recurrence, may represent a cost‑effective anticoagulant choice.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the economic impact of the use of rivaroxaban for preventing DVT and PE in Italy.METHODS: We conducted a budget impact analysis to estimate clinical outcomes and economic consequences associated to rivaroxaban vs. standard therapy (low molecular weight heparin + vitamin K antagonists) in the prevention of DVT and PE, over a three‑year time horizon. In the analysis we performed two hypothesis: complete replacement of LMWH/VKA with rivaroxaban (hypothesis 1) and partial and progressive replacement of LMWH/VKA in the first three years of reimbursement (hypothesis 2). Only direct healthcare costs have been considered.RESULTS: Total replacement of LMWH/VKA with rivaroxaban in DVT and PE is associated to a reduction of recurrent symptomatic thromboembolism, major bleeding, vascular events and mortality, with an expenditure saving of about € 11.3 mln (DVT) and € 6.6 mln (PE), corresponding to an average savings per patient treated with rivaroxaban amounted to € 112.9 and € 123,3, respectively. In hypothesis 2 it is estimated that 22%, 25%, and 27% of DVT patients and 12%, 16%, and 20% of PE patients, would be treated with rivaroxaban over the first three years. This would translate into a total saving on healthcare expenditure of € 8.4 mln for DVT and € 3.2 mln for PE and reduction of length of stay with a slight increase in pharmaceutical expenditure.CONCLUSIONS: Rivaroxaban provides significant advantages in terms of events avoided and related costs that would result in a reduction in the total expenditure on the Italian NHS.
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Onuma, Nwite. "Under-Funding Tertiary Education in Nigeria: Implication for Sustainable National Development." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 7, no. 3 (June 24, 2017): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v7.n3.p1.
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<div><p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of government underfunding of tertiary education for sustainable national development in Nigeria. Three research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The instrument for data collection was a secondary data from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) entitled “Value of Educational Growth, Gross Domestic Product, Capital Government Expenditure and Recurrent Government Expenditure in Nigeria, 1990-2013”. The period under-review was chosen for the purpose of comparing funding of education in selected World Bank sampled countries. The researcher adopted Ex-post Facto research design to evaluate government budgetary allocation to education and value of educational growth between 1990 to<strong> </strong>2013. Correlation Martric and Square Regression (r<sup>2</sup>) and t-ratio statistics were used to analyze data collected. The findings showed that the value of educational growth, Gross Domestic Product, Current Government Expenditure and Regression Government Expenditure maintained increased trend and there was a positive relationship with a low productive value on education budget. This showed that expenditure on tertiary education is still below other countries under-review and below UNESCO recommended of 26% of total annual budgetary allocation. This has affected education development and programs of tertiary education in Nigeria. There is need for improved budgetary allocation to education in Nigeria to match other developing countries of Africa for greater attention to tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study recommends that educational administrators and management of tertiary institutions in Nigeria should mount pressure on the political class to address the state of under-funding of education by government and implement UNESCO recommended 26% of annual budgetary allocation for suitable educational development. </p></div>
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Rambe, Patient, and Johan Bester. "Financial cost implications of inaccurate extraction of transactional data in large African power distribution utility." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 4 (December 14, 2016): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(4).2016.14.
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In view of the increasingly competitive business world, prudent spending and cost recovery have become the driving force for the optimal performance of large public organizations. This study, therefore, examined the cost-effectiveness of a Large Energy Utility (LEU) in a Southern African country by exploring the relationship between extraction of transactional customer data (that is, data on the servicing and repairing energy faults) and the Utility’s recurrent expenditure (especially its technicians’ overtime bill). Using data mining, a large corpus of the LEU Area Centre (AC) data was extracted to establish the relationship between transactional customer data extraction including capture and the financial cost of the LEU (e.g., recurrent expenditure on overtime bill). Results indicate that incorrect extraction and capturing of transactional customer service data has contributed significantly to the LEU’s escalating overtime wage bill. The data also demonstrate that the correct extraction and capturing of transactional customer service data can positively reduce the financial costs of this LEU. The paper demonstrates one of the few attempts to examine the effects of correct data extraction and capture on the financial resources of struggling large public energy utility. Using Resource Based Theory, the study also demonstrates how technicians’ feedback on incorrect transactions enhances the measurement of inaccurate transactional data albeit a burgeoning overtime wage bill incentives. Keywords: Large Energy Utility, inaccurate transactional data extraction, financial costs, Resource Based View. JEL Classification: L94, L97, C8
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Edeme, Richardson Kojo, and Nelson C. Nkalu. "Crowding-In and Crowding-Out Effects of Recurrent and Capital Expenditure on Human Capital Development in Nigeria." Asian Development Policy Review 4, no. 3 (2016): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.107/2016.4.3/107.3.65.73.
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