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Journal articles on the topic 'Recurrent shoulder dislocation'
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Harpreet, Singh Chhabra, Sardar Debdas, Kumar Avinash, and Das Benugopal. "Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Versus Open Stabilization for Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 10 (2024): 1036–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14064755.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Recurrent shoulder dislocations impair quality of life and function. Stabilising and preventing dislocations often require surgery. Surgery is often needed to stabilise and prevent dislocations. Their effectiveness in preventing recurrence and improving postoperative outcomes is currently being studied, underlining the need for rigorous evaluation to support evidence-based patient management decisions. <strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study at MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, included 50 arthroscopic or surgically stabilised recurrent shoulder dislocation patients. Electronic medical data included demographics, surgeries, and post-operation findings. <strong>Results:</strong> This retrospective study examined 50 recurrent shoulder dislocation patients; 25 had arthroscopic surgery and 25 were open stabilisation procedure. For arthroscopic repair, the rate of recurrence was 32%, and for open stabilisation, it was 16%. Both groups had similar functional outcomes and quality of life. When considering surgical procedures to treat repeated shoulder dislocations, recurrence risks and functional outcomes must be balanced. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Open stabilisation and arthroscopic repair give equivalent functional and quality of life outcomes for recurrent shoulder dislocations, however the later may increase recurrence risk. A patient’s anatomy and traits should be taken into account by surgeons when planning surgery.
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Benabdallah, Otman, and Ahmed Khamlichi. "Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Boytchev Treatment." Trauma International 2, no. 2 (2016): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/ti.2016.v02i02.027.
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Background: Utilized since 1951, the Boytchev procedure is an open anterior repair, performed for the treatment of anterior gleno-humeral instability, which involves rerouting the muscles that attach the coracoid process deep to the subscapularis muscle between this and the capsule. The tip of the coracoid with its muscles is reattached to its base in the anatomical position. Method: We conducted a prospective study of twenty patients with recurrent shoulder dislocations who were treated by the Boytchev procedure. All are men, with an average age of 29.2 years (age range from 17 to 42 years). 14 patients were affected on the right shoulder, 6 on the left. All had a clinical history of recurrent dislocation . We also performed a search of all published articles in the literature (16),17 studies including our series, with the aim of estimating, via a statistical analysis, to shed light on the post-operative results of recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder, for determining the reliability of this technique and possible specific risk factors that might lead to recurrence. Results: Evaluated using the Rowe score in our series, 19 patients had excellent and good results; one patient, who suffered a recurrence, had a poor result in terms of stability. Another patient developed osteoarthrosis. For the 17 studies, the number of patients is 477 with 485 dislocated shoulders. The rate of recurrence is 7.33% .In 12 studies, the rate is 2%, versus 21.08% in 5 studies with a significant difference (1-p=99.89%). Concerning the gradation of results, we have 441 excellent and good results and 44 fair and poor (91% versus 9% with p=>99.9% which is also very significant). Conclusion: The Boytchev procedure exhibits low recurrence rates in compiled studies and so can be considered a reliable surgical technique. Keywords: Shoulder recurrent dislocation, Boytchev treatment
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Matsebula, Lindiwe Fortunate. "Shoulder Function Following Latarjet Procedure for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability." Journal of Orthopaedics & Bone Disorders 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000205.
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Introduction: Anterior shoulder dislocation and recurrent glenohumeral instability is very common in the young active population. It is usually caused by trauma, and often compounded by associated bony Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions, which distort the anatomy. This causes instability and dysfunction of the joint and these can be addressed by, amongst others, a Latarjet surgical procedure. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that since the Latarjet procedure results in stability and good functional outcome, our results are expected to compare favourably to the rest of the published literature. Methods: A retrospective study of 31 patients treated with the Latarjet procedure at Helen Joseph hospital, Johannesburg South Africa was undertaken during the period of January 2005 to December 2013. The minimum follow up was 6 months. Stability was assessed looking at re-dislocation rate and the clinical functional outcome was measured using the Constant Score. Results: There were no shoulder re-dislocations and the mean Constant score was 85.35. 74% had a Constant Score above 80. 68% were pain free and 61% had normal activities of daily living while 68% had a full range of motion and 68% had full power. Conclusion: The Latarjet results in stability and good functional outcome. In our patient cohort, the Latarjet procedure provided reliable stability to the shoulder joint. Pain was alleviated, shoulder muscle power was preserved, range of shoulder motion was restored and patients did return to pre injury activities of daily living.
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Dung, Tran Trung. "Arthroscopic Morphology of Labrum Tear in Recurrent Anterior Dislocation of Shoulder." Journal of Surgery and Surgical Research 3, no. 2 (2017): 057–60. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-2968.000048.
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<strong>Objective:</strong> Evaluate the characters of labrum tear morphology in recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder via arthroscopy. <strong>Material and method: </strong>Retrospective demographic study 55 recurrent shoulder dislocation patients underwent arthroscopic labrum repair in Saint Paul University Hospital and Hanoi Medical University Hospital from 2009 to 2013. <strong>Results:</strong> 65.5% patients with grade 2 tear with 2-3 cm length; The location of tear is anterior and anterior inferior occupied 81.9%; mobile torn labrum is 50.9% and bone healed labrum is 34.6%. Conclusion: The morphology of labrum tear in recurrent shoulder dislocation is various.
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Smith, Brent I., Kellie C. Huxel Bliven, Genoveffa R. Morway, and Jason G. Hurbanek. "Management of Primary Anterior Shoulder Dislocations Using Immobilization." Journal of Athletic Training 50, no. 5 (2015): 550–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.1.08.
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Reference/Citation Paterson WH, Throckmorton TW, Koester M, Azar FM, Kuhn JE. Position and duration of immobilization after primary anterior shoulder dislocation: a systemic review and meta-analysis of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(18):2924–2933. Clinical Question Does an optimum duration and position of immobilization after primary anterior shoulder dislocation exist for reducing recurrence rates? Data Sources MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched up to December 2009 without limitations. The search terms for all databases used were shoulder AND dislocation and shoulder AND immobilization. Study Selection Criteria used to include articles were (1) English language, (2) prospective level I or level II studies (according to Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery guidelines), (3) nonoperative management of initial anterior shoulder dislocation, (4) minimum follow-up of 1 year, and (5) rate of recurrent dislocation as a reported outcome. Data Extraction A standardized evaluation method was used to extract data to allow assessment of methods issues and statistical analysis to determine sources of bias. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate after nonoperative management of anterior shoulder dislocation. Additional data extracted and used in subanalyses included duration and position of immobilization and age at the time of initial dislocation. Data were analyzed to determine associations among groups using 2-tailed Fisher exact tests. For pooled categorical data, relative risk of recurrent dislocation, 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity using the I2 statistic and χ2 tests were calculated for individual studies. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to combine studies and estimate overall relative risk of recurrent dislocation and 95% confidence intervals. The statistical difference between duration of immobilization and position was determined using z tests for overall effect. Pooled results were presented as forest plots. Main Results In the initial search of the databases, the authors identified 2083 articles. A total of 9 studies met all of the criteria and were included in this review. In most of the studies, age was a risk factor for recurrence. Patients less than 30 years of age were more likely to sustain a recurrent dislocation than patients more than 30 years of age. In 5 studies (n = 1215), researchers found no difference in recurrence of shoulder dislocation when immobilized in internal rotation (IR) for less than 1 week (41%, 40 of 97) compared with more than 3 weeks (37%, 34 of 93) in patients less than 30 years of age (P = .52). Authors of 3 studies (n = 289) compared the effect of immobilization in IR versus external rotation (ER), and whereas they found no statistical difference, a trend appeared toward reduced recurrence rates in ER but not IR (P = .07). The rate of recurrent dislocation was 40% (25 of 63) in patients treated with IR sling immobilization and 25% (22 of 88) in patients immobilized in ER. Conclusions Overall, the investigators found that younger age (&lt;30 years) was a predictor of recurrent dislocations, immobilization for more than 1 week did not improve recurrence rates, and an apparent trend existed toward decreased recurrence rates with ER rather than IR. According to the review and meta-analysis by Paterson et al, the level of evidence for recommendations regarding optimal duration and position of immobilization to reduce the risk of recurrent dislocation was therapeutic level II. This level of evidence was appropriate because the review included only prospective studies of level I or II and a minimum follow-up of 1 year.
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Kumar Ratawal, Navin. "Outcome of Latarjet Procedure in Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 6 (2023): 1491–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/mr23614111551.
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Akbari Aghdam, Hossein, Mohammad Dehghani, and Parisa Karimi. "Evaluation of Recurrence Rate and Risk Factors Affecting Recurrence of Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation in Kashani Hospital in 2017-2018." Journal of Research in Orthopedic Science 8, no. 2 (2021): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jrosj.8.2.750.1.
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Background: In this article, the prevalence of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder and the effect of factors such as age, occupation, primary cause and gender on it have been investigated. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factors related to the frequency of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation in clients of the Orthopedic Ward of Kashani Hospital, Isfahan City, Iran, in 2017-2018. Methods: The present research is a cross-sectional study. The study population comprised all patients with traumatic and anterior shoulder dislocation referred to Kashani Hospital during 2017-2018. The sampling method in the present study was census. The patients were asked by phone or in person after their presence about the recurrences of dislocations between the beginning of 2017 and the end of 2018. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 25. Results: Out of 256 patients, 22% had a recurrence of dislocation. The recurrence rate of dislocation in less than 20 years patients was 40%, and in 20 to 40 years was 63%. The highest recurrence rate of dislocation was reported in the age group of 20 to 40 years in the present study. Based on the present study results, the recurrence rate of dislocation in the age-group of 20-40 years was significantly higher than in other groups. There was no significant relationship between gender and recurrence of dislocation in the subjects (P>0.05). Significance was observed in the primary cause and type of occupation in recurrence of dislocation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The recurrence rate of dislocation in the patients who suffered from dislocations for the first time was 22%. Based on the results, the rate of recurrence of dislocation in the present study was lower than the rate of recurrence of dislocation in similar studies.
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Shah, Faaiz Ali, Mian Amjad Ali, and Naeemullah. "First time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation: Will it always result in recurrent shoulder dislocation in all patients?" Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 04 (2020): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.04.3227.
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Objectives: To determine the frequency of recurrent shoulder dislocation after first time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation treated non operatively. Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Period: 25th May 2011 to 25th December 2018. Material & Methods: Patients of all ages and both gender with first time. Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. In the included subjects shoulder joint was relocated under general anesthesia and immobilized in a poly sling for four weeks followed by supervised physiotherapy and rehabilitation program without any surgical stabilization of the shoulder joint. All these patients were instructed for follow up at monthly interval or before if recurrence occurred. Results: A total of 52 patients with mean age 35±9.4 years (range 16-55 years) were enrolled in our study. Male patients were 43(82.6%) while female patients were 9(17.3%). Right sided dislocation was noted in 38(73%) and left in 14(26.9%). Recurrent shoulder dislocation was reported in 32(61.5%) patients during a minimal follow up period of three years. Most (46.8%, n=15) of the patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation were 30 years of age or below. Conclusion: First time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation treated non operatively not always result in recurrent shoulder dislocation in all patients. However a large number of patients and particularly younger patients suffered recurrence.
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Rahman, Safrizal, Gabriel Klemens Wienanda, and Fikri Akbar. "Recurrent shoulder dislocation treated with Bristow Latarjet procedure: a case report." Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science 16, no. 1 (2022): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/ijbs.v16i1.392.
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Introduction: The shoulder's glenohumeral joint is the most frequently dislocated joint because of its unstable structure. The recurrence rate of shoulder dislocation is high with most of them were anterior dislocations. Bristow-Latarjet (BL) procedure had been reported to provide good outcomes in restoring the joint's stability. The aim of this report is to describe a case of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation treated with an open BL procedure. Case description: A 36-year-old patient came to our center with complaints of left shoulder pain after falling from a bicycle. Anterior apprehension and sulcus sign was positive on the physical examination and MRI showed anteroinferior labral detachment suggesting a Bankart lesion. This was a second episode of left anterior shoulder dislocation of this patient. An open BL procedure was conducted to this patient and good functionality and stability of the shoulder were obtained. The patient’s history, physical, and radiological examinations were in accordance with the diagnosis of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation due to a Bankart lesion. Open BL procedure was done and its reported outcomes were also supported in several previous studies. Conclusion: Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation is still a significant problem, especially in young individuals and athletes. The BL procedure is a good treatment choice in this patient whose instability was due to a Bankart lesion.
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Drain, Nicholas, Ajinkya Rai, Aaron Zheng, et al. "Poster 152: Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Following a Second Dislocation Results in Increased Failure Rates Compared to Immediate Repair After Following a Traumatic First Time Dislocation." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 7_suppl5 (2022): 2325967121S0071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00713.
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Objectives: Many surgeons will consider nonoperative treatment following a 1st time dislocation and will consider operative management if a second instability event occurs particularly for the in season athlete. The objective of this study was to compare rates of recurrent dislocation and post-surgical outcomes in patients undergoing arthroscopic bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability immediately following a 1st time traumatic anterior dislocation versus patients who sustained a 2nd dislocation event following initial conservative management. We hypothesized that patients sustaining a 2nd anterior shoulder dislocation would be more at risk for recurrent dislocations after arthroscopic repair and secondarily, would have worse objective and subjective outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review identifying all patients undergoing primary arthroscopic surgical stabilization for anterior shoulder instability between 2013-2019 at a single academic institution. Demographics, clinical history, physical exam, imaging, operative details, and postoperative course was reviewed. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair without remplissage sustained one or two dislocation events and were clinically followed for a minimum of 12 months postoperatively. Exclusion criteria included posterior instability, multidirectional instability, and previous stabilization surgery, Primary outcome was documentation of recurrent shoulder dislocation during the postoperative period. Secondary clinical outcome measures were assessed including need for revision surgery, need for manipulation under anesthesia (MUA), range of motion, strength, Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), PROMIS mental and physical health, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES), and Brophy shoulder activity scores. Results: A series of 89 patients (mean age 21.3 years ± 7.3 years) met criteria for inclusion. 72 shoulders underwent surgical stabilization after a single shoulder dislocation event and 17 underwent surgery after sustaining two documented shoulder dislocations. No significant difference in demographic and radiographic characteristics, including presence of bony Bankart and off-track Hill Sachs lesions, was present between the groups. The rate of recurrent dislocation was significantly higher in the multiple dislocation group compared to single dislocations (31% vs 12%, p=0.048). There was a trend toward increased rate of revision stabilization in the 2nd dislocation group which did not reach statistical significance (22% vs 58%, p=0.167). No significant difference was present in the need for revision surgery, need for MUA, conversion to Latarjet procedure, range of motion, supraspinatus strength, VAS, PROMIS, ASES, and Brophy scores between the groups. Conclusions: Immediate surgical stabilization following a 1st time dislocation significantly diminishes the risk of recurrent dislocation in comparison to those who undergo surgery following two dislocation events. These findings suggest that patients who return to activities after a primary anterior shoulder dislocation and undergo surgical stabilization following just one additional event are at increased risk of failure following surgery. Furthermore, patients who have sustained even one additional dislocation from the primary event may benefit from more aggressive approaches may be necessary including arthroscopic approaches with augmentation or open approaches. Despite differences in recurrence rates, both groups achieved excellent subjective functional outcomes at a minimum of 12 months after surgery. [Table: see text]
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Barrow, Aaron E., Shaquille J. C. Charles, Mohamad Issa, et al. "Distance to Dislocation and Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: Rethinking the Glenoid Track Concept." American Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 14 (2022): 3875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465221128913.
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Background: The “distance to dislocation” (DTD) calculation has been proposed as 1 method to predict the risk of recurrent dislocation after arthroscopic Bankart repair for an “on-track” shoulder. Rates of recurrent dislocation at specific DTD values are unknown. Hypothesis: Among patients with “on-track” shoulder lesions who underwent primary arthroscopic Bankart repair, the rate of recurrent dislocation would increase as DTD values decrease. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 188 patients with “on-track” shoulder lesions who underwent primary arthroscopic anterior labral repair between 2007 and 2019, with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Glenoid bone loss, Hill-Sachs interval, glenoid track, and DTD were determined from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans. The rate of recurrent dislocation was determined at 2-mm DTD intervals. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between recurrent dislocation, patient characteristics, and bone loss variables. A multivariate regression model was created to predict the probability of failure at continuous DTD values. A subgroup analysis of failure rate based on collision sports participation was also performed. Results: A total of 29 patients (15.4%) sustained recurrent dislocations. Patient age ( P = .046), multiple dislocations ( P = .03), glenoid bone loss ( P < .001), Hill-Sachs interval length ( P < .001), and DTD ( P < .001) were all independent predictors of failure. As the DTD decreased, the rate of recurrent dislocation increased. Below a DTD threshold of 10 mm, the recurrent dislocation rate increased exponentially. Up to a threshold of 24 mm, the failure rate for collision athletes remained >12.3%, independent of the DTD. Conversely, the failure rate among noncollision athletes decreased steadily as the DTD increased. Conclusion: For “on-track” shoulder lesions, as the DTD approached 0 mm (“off-track” threshold), the risk of recurrent dislocation after arthroscopic Bankart repair increased significantly. Below a DTD threshold of 10 mm, the risk of failure increased exponentially. The risk of recurrent dislocation for collision sports athletes remained elevated at higher DTD values than for noncollision athletes.
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Garaizábal-Bastos, A. "Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation." Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) 51, no. 2 (2007): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1988-8856(07)70011-1.
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Kalkar, İsmail, Cem Zeki Esenyel, Mehmet Selçuk Saygılı, Ayşın Esenyel, and Hakan Gürbüz. "The results of Bankart repair without capsular plication in patients with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 25, no. 1 (2017): 230949901668475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499016684753.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation, who had been treated with repair of the Bankart lesion without capsuler plication. Material and method: The study included 22 shoulders of 22 patients (16 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 28 years, who underwent Bankart repair between 2011 and 2014. Patients with bilateral shoulder instability, multiple instability, >25% glenoid bone loss, and those with a history of shoulder surgery were not included in the study. The average follow-up time was 21.2 months. Evaluation was made of the preoperative number of dislocations, postoperative recurrence, functional status, and daily activity performance of the patients. Shoulder range of motion was measured. The results were evaluated using the Rowe shoulder score and the Oxford shoulder instability score. Results: Recurrence was observed in only one patient who had a shoulder dislocation after trauma, thus giving a recurrence rate of 4.5%. Shoulder range of motion was full in all except that one patient. The mean Rowe shoulder score was 95.5 (excellent) and Oxford shoulder stability score was 44.6 (excellent). Conclusion: No recurrent shoulder dislocation was observed in patients who underwent Bankart repair surgery. Plication was not performed with the Bankart repair. Close to full range of motion was obtained in all patients. In conclusion, Bankart repair alone can be considered to be sufficient for the treatment of traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability.
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Saleem, Jawaad, Ben Rawi, Magnus Arnander, Eyiyemi Pearse, and Duncan Tennent. "Outcomes of arthroscopic stabilization for recurrent instability are equal to stabilization after a primary event." Bone & Joint Journal 106-B, no. 10 (2024): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.106b10.bjj-2024-0396.r1.
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AimsExtensive literature exists relating to the management of shoulder instability, with a more recent focus on glenoid and humeral bone loss. However, the optimal timing for surgery following a dislocation remains unclear. There is concern that recurrent dislocations may worsen subsequent surgical outcomes, with some advocating stabilization after the first dislocation. The aim of this study was to determine if the recurrence of instability following arthroscopic stabilization in patients without significant glenoid bone loss was influenced by the number of dislocations prior to surgery.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE, Orthosearch, and Cochrane databases with the following search terms: ((shoulder or glenohumeral) and (dislocation or subluxation) and arthroscopic and (Bankart or stabilisation or stabilization) and (redislocation or re-dislocation or recurrence or instability)). Methodology followed the PRISMA guidelines. Data and outcomes were synthesized by two independent reviewers, and papers were assessed for bias and quality.ResultsOverall, 35 studies including 7,995 shoulders were eligible for analysis, with a mean follow-up of 32.7 months (12 to 159.5). The rate of post-stabilization instability was 9.8% in first-time dislocators, 9.1% in recurrent dislocators, and 8.5% in a mixed cohort. A descriptive analysis investigated the influence of recurrent instability or age in the risk of instability post-stabilization, with an association seen with increasing age and a reduced risk of recurrence post-stabilization.ConclusionUsing modern arthroscopic techniques, patients sustaining an anterior shoulder dislocation without glenoid bone loss can expect a low risk of recurrence postoperatively, and no significant difference was found between first-time and recurrent dislocators. Furthermore, high-risk cohorts can expect a low, albeit slightly higher, rate of redislocation. With the findings of this study, patients and clinicians can be more informed as to the likely outcomes of arthroscopic stabilization within this patient subset.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1141–1149.
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Suryakant, Purohit, and Agrawal Saurabh. "Assessment of Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Among Patients of Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 13, no. 5 (2021): 339–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14220347.
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<strong>Background:</strong> The shoulder is one of the foremost common and regularly dislocated joints within the body, accounting for quite 50% of all dislocations. the commonest complication of shoulder dislocation is recurrent instability. It accounts for a mean of 70-90% recurrence in patients between the age bracket of 20-40 years. The shoulder joint is liable for a wide selection of motion at various positions in three-dimensional space by utilizing the glenohumeral joint as a fulcrum. <strong>Material & Methods</strong>: 30 patients with recurrent dislocation of shoulder with Bankart lesion, treated with arthroscopic stabilization with suture anchors for surgical and functional outcome according to inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the present study. Study participants were enrolled by simple random sampling. Clearance from the hospital ethics committee was taken before the start of the study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. <strong>Results: </strong> In the present study, out of total study participants, based on the number of suture anchors used, among the majority of patients 3 suture anchors were used (73.3%), and among 26.6% patients 2 suture anchors were used. In the present study, out of total study participants, based on the total ROWE score, the mean pre-operative score was 57, the mean total ROWE score at 3<sup>rd</sup> week was 69, the mean total ROWE score at 6<sup>th</sup> week was 71. the mean total ROWE score at 12<sup>th</sup> week was 82 and the mean total ROWE score at 1 year was 94. Postoperatively 90% of patients out of total attained a full range of external rotation in 90 abduction by the end of one year. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We concluded from the present study that patients with recurrent dislocation of shoulder with Bankart lesion, treated with arthroscopic stabilization with suture anchors had a good surgical and functional outcome. This operative method provides excellent postoperative shoulder motion and lesser recurrence rates.
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Maruti Lingayat, Arpit Kumar Kesharwani, Vimal P. V., Swapnilkumar Patil, Rohan Kakade, and Abhijeet Sondkar. "Functional outcome of Latarjet procedure in anterior recurrent shoulder instability." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 10, no. 5 (2024): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20242403.
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The Latarjet procedure is a surgical technique which was described by Michel Latarjet in France in 1954. He described it as an open stabilization technique of the glenohumeral joint in patients with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. It is a procedure of combination of coracoid process bone graft and a form of stability provided by the conjoined and subscapularis tendons. The benefits of the procedure are provision of stability, restoration of range of shoulder motion, preservation of shoulder muscle strength and return to premorbid activities of daily living. Patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with bone loss the bone blocking technique of Laterjet is the technique of choice. This technique has been effective in 98% of patients in avoiding recurrence without losing external rotation. Hence, present study was aimed to determine the functional outcome of open Laterjet procedure for recurrent shoulder dislocation. Case series was conducted based on post-operative Laterjet cases in a government tertiary care centre and medical college, involving 20 patients who underwent Latarjet’s procedure, with duration 1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023 patients of either gender or age more than 18 years with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethics committee. The indication for the Laterjet procedure was defined with preoperative clinical findings proving recurrence of anterior shoulder instability and confirming the cause of dislocations with radiographs and MRI scans. In the included subject’s complete history, physical examination and relevant investigations were done. The incidence of poor, fair, good, and very good outcomes was found to be 1 (5%), 2 (10%), 14 (70%), and 3 (15%) respectively. There was significant improvement in shoulder motion and reduction in pain after 6th month's follow-up. We reported re-dislocation in 1 patient. Mean VAS (Visual analogue scale) for pain among the patients in the study also reduced from pre-operative value of 7.2 to 6.5, 4.5 and 1.5 at 6 week, 3 months and 6 months postop respectively and this reduction in pain was found to be highly significant. Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation can be effectively treated by open Latarjet technique being a safe and reliable treatment alternative with good functional outcomes. Surgeons should be aware that these procedures are technically demanding.
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Hardy, Alexandre, Vincent Sabatier, Pierre Laboudie, et al. "Outcomes After Latarjet Procedure: Patients With First-Time Versus Recurrent Dislocations." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 1 (2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519879929.
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Background: The preoperative number of dislocations has been previously proved to be a major factor influencing the results after Bankart repair with more preoperative dislocations correlated with higher recurrence rates and more reoperations. This could possibly be because of the lower quality of the tissue repaired during the procedure after multiple dislocations. On the other hand, the Latarjet procedure does not “repair” but rather reconstructs and augments the anterior glenoid. Purpose/Hypothesis: The main objective was to report the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing a Latarjet procedure after 1 dislocation versus multiple (≥2) dislocations. The hypothesis was that the preoperative number of dislocations would not influence clinical results. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients older than 18 years who had undergone a primary Latarjet procedure for shoulder instability with at least 2 years of follow-up were included. Three different techniques were used: a mini-open technique using 2 screws, an arthroscopic technique using 2 screws, and an arthroscopic technique using 2 cortical buttons. Patients were evaluated and answered a questionnaire to assess the number of episodes of dislocation before surgery, the time between the first dislocation and surgery, recurrence of the dislocation, revision surgery, the Walch-Duplay score, the Simple Shoulder Test score, and the visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain. Results: A total of 308 patients were included for analysis with a mean follow-up of 3.4 ± 0.8 years. Of that, 83 patients were included in the first-time dislocation group and 225 in the recurrent dislocation group. At last follow-up, the rates of recurrence and reoperation were not significantly different between groups: 4.8% in the first-time dislocation group versus 3.65% in the recurrent dislocation group and 6.1% versus 4.0%, respectively. The overall Walch-Duplay scores at last follow-up were also comparable between the 2 groups, 67.3 ± 24.85 and 71.8 ± 25.1, even though the first-time dislocation group showed a lower pain subscore (15.0 ± 8.6 vs 18.0 ± 7.5; P = .003). The VAS for pain was also significantly higher in the first-time dislocation group compared with the recurrent dislocation group (1.8 ± 2.3 vs 1.2 ± 1.7; P = .03). Conclusion: The number of episodes of dislocation before surgery does not affect postoperative instability rates and reoperation rates after the Latarjet procedure. However, patients with first-time dislocations had more postoperative pain compared with patients with recurrent dislocations before surgery.
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Wang, Sung Il. "Management of the First-time Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 21, no. 3 (2018): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2018.21.3.169.
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Traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder is one of the most common directions of instability following a traumatic event. Although the incidence of shoulder dislocation is similar between young and elderly patients, most studies have traditionally focused on young patients due to relatively high rates of recurrent dislocations in this population. However, shoulder dislocations in older patients also require careful evaluation and treatment selection because they can lead to persistent pain and disability due to rotator cuff tears and nerve injuries. This article provides an overview of the nature and pathology of acute primary anterior shoulder dislocation, widely accepted management modalities, and differences in treatment for young and elderly patients.
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Murena, Luigi, Nicola Guindani, Stefano Turino, Federico A. Grassi, and Paolo Cherubino. "Long-Term Outcome of Rockwood Capsular Shift for Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 24, no. 3 (2016): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1602400325.
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Purpose To review the long-term outcome of Rockwood capsular shift for recurrent shoulder dislocation secondary to trauma. Methods Records of 30 males and 4 females who underwent Rockwood capsular shift for recurrent (≥2 episodes) anterior shoulder dislocation were reviewed. An additional Bankart repair with different techniques was performed in 24 of the patients by 2 different surgeons. The outcome was assessed using the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (WOOS) index questionnaires, the modified Rowe score, and the Constant-Murley score. Shoulder range of motion (ROM) was measured. Degenerative joint changes were evaluated on radiographs. Results During a mean follow-up of 13 (range, 10–16) years, 6 (18%) patients had a mean of 1.2 recurrent dislocations. Four of the patients reported a traumatic event during recurrent dislocation. Of the 6 patients, 3 had undergone a Bankart lesion repair. Better Rowe and adjusted Constant scores were associated with lower age at first dislocation, at the index surgical procedure, and at follow-up. Four patients developed glenohumeral osteoarthritis: 2 were mild or moderate and 2 were severe and symptomatic. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis was associated with follow-up duration (p=0.03) and poorer Rowe score (p=0.012), adjusted Constant score (p=0.001), and WOOS score (p=0.006). Conclusion Rockwood capsular shift can preserve shoulder ROM, with rates of recurrent dislocation and degenerative joint changes comparable with other techniques.
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Bottoni, Craig R., John H. Wilckens, Thomas M. DeBerardino, et al. "A Prospective, Randomized Evaluation of Arthroscopic Stabilization versus Nonoperative Treatment in Patients with Acute, Traumatic, First-Time Shoulder Dislocations." American Journal of Sports Medicine 30, no. 4 (2002): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300041801.
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Background Nonoperative treatment of traumatic shoulder dislocations leads to a high rate of recurrent dislocations. Hypothesis Early arthroscopic treatment for shoulder dislocation will result in a lower recurrence rate than nonoperative treatment. Study Design Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Methods Two groups of patients were studied to compare nonoperative treatment with arthroscopic Bankart repair for acute, traumatic shoulder dislocations in young athletes. Fourteen nonoperatively treated patients underwent 4 weeks of immobilization followed by a supervised rehabilitation program. Ten operatively treated patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with a bioabsorbable tack followed by the same rehabilitation protocol as the nonoperatively treated patients. The average follow-up was 36 months. Results Three patients were lost to follow-up. Twelve nonoperatively treated patients remained for follow-up. Nine of these (75%) developed recurrent instability. Six of the nine have required subsequent open Bankart repair for recurrent instability. Of the nine operatively treated patients available for follow-up, only one (11.1%) developed recurrent instability. Conclusions Arthroscopic stabilization of traumatic, first-time anterior shoulder dislocations is an effective and safe treatment that significantly reduces the recurrence rate of shoulder dislocations in young athletes when compared with conventional, nonoperative treatment.
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Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar, Mehran Khan, Muhammad Adnan Shahid Khan, and Usman Latif. "COMPARISON OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RECURRENT ANTERIOR SHOULDER DISLOCATION." Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal 30, no. 02 (2020): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v30i02.348.
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Abstract
 Background 
 Shoulder joint is the most mobile joint of the body. Shoulder joint dislocation accounts for the 50% of all the dislocations. Its incidence is 2 % among general population. In most of the cases it is recurrent shoulder dislocation and in 97% cases of recurrent dislocation it is anterior dislocation. Mechanism for recurrent anterior dislocation is abduction, external rotation and extension. There is persistent inability of tissues to keep the humeral head in glenoid cavity. It may result from sudden injury to glenoid cavity (Bankart lesion), proximal humerus (Hillsachs lesion), repetitive micro trauma or and a result of generalized ligamentous laxity. Once the shoulder is dislocated it is vulnerable to repetitive episodes.
 Objective:
 To compare the functional outcome of two different treatment modalities (latarjet &Bristow procedure and Bankart Repair) in recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation
 Subjects and methods 
 Study design: randomized clinical trial
 Settings and duration: department of orthopaedic surgery services hospital Lahore from December 2017 to December 2018.
 Sample collection: A total no of 40 patients with age 18-30 years both male and female having recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder were included in the study. Patients with ligamentous laxity, psychological ailment and global instability were excluded from the study.
 Data collection and analysis: Patients were divided in two groups having 20 patients in each group. Detailed history, clinical examination, radiographs, CT scan and MRI was completed to establish the diagnosis of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. We performed Bristow latarjet procedure in group a and Bankart repair in group B. All patients were followed at 1st , 2nd , 3rd , 4th,6th week and then at 4th , 6th and 9 months clinically and radiologically to assess the Instability and mobility by using Rowe score.
 Results: there were 16 males and 4 females while in group B were 17 males and 3 females. Mean age in group A was 26.7 years (18-30) while in group B was 27 years (18-29) which was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Right shoulder was involved in 13 (65%) patients in group A and 15 (75%) in group B. left shoulder was involved in 7 (35%) patients of Group A and 5 (25%) of group B. In group A 18 patients had excellent results, one patient was having grade I subluxation and one patient had positive apprehension test. In group B four patients had recurrence and three patients had subluxation of grade II.
 Conclusion
 Results of latarjet and Bristow procedure were excellent than Banckart repair. Patients satisfaction was also better in group A than group B.
 
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Proshchenko, Yaroslav N., Alexei G. Baindurashvili, Ananstasiya I. Brianskaia, Evgeny V. Prokopovich, Maksim S. Nikitin, and Konstantin A. Afonichev. "Clinical forms of shoulder instability in pediatric patients." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 4, no. 4 (2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors4441-46.
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Background. The recurrence rate of adolescent chronic shoulder instability is approximately 56%–68%. However, this pathology is often missed in childhood and adolescence.Aim. To identify the clinical forms of shoulder joint instability in pediatric patients.Materials and methods. The authors present the data from 57 pediatric patients aged 3−17 years with a total of 61 unstable shoulder joints. All patients were divided into groups according to the form of instability. Traumatic chronic shoulder instability was identified in 40 patients (Bankart and Hill–Sachs injuries). Of these, non-traumatic shoulder instability was diagnose in 17, including five with recurrent dislocation, and spontaneous shoulder dislocation due to dysplasia of glenoid and labrum was diagnosed in 12. Of the 57 patients in the study cohort, 53 underwent surgery. Postoperatively, two patients developed recurrent shoulder dislocation (Andreev–Boichev technique) due type III shoulder dysplasia in the first patient and multidirectional injury in the second.Conclusions. Shoulder joint instability should be considered as the traumatic or non-traumatic form. Treatment decisions should be based on anatomical characteristics that predispose to recurrent dislocation.
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Rehman, Shams Ur, Miqdad Hussain, Nisar Ahmed, Fazl Ur Rahman Saeed, Najamuddin Fazlani, and Raza Hassan. "Functional outcome of Latarjet for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation." International journal of health sciences 7, S1 (2023): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14222.
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Background and Aim: Recurrent shoulder dislocations can be treated with a variety of surgical procedures. However, soft-tissue repair appears to be ineffective in all cases of recurrent shoulder dislocation. The present study aimed to determine the Latar jet technique functional outcome for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 recurrent shoulder dislocation patients at the MTI Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from January 2019 to December 2022. All the eligible patients were operated with open Latar jet procedure. Constant-Murley shoulder score was used for the assessment of functional outcome at 6th months. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 42 patients, there were 40 (95.2%) male and 2 (4.8%) female. The overall mean age was 46.8±8.4 years. The right and left-side involvement was found in 32 (76.2%) and 12 (23.8%) respectively. The incidence of poor, fair, good, and very good outcomes was 3 (7.1%), 4 (9.5%), 12 (28.6%), and 23 (54.8%) respectively. There was significant improvement in shoulder motion and reduction in pain after 6th month's follow-up.
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MAGNUSON, PAUL B., JAMES K. STACK, and LEONARD F. PELTIER. "Recurrent Dislocation of the Shoulder." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 269 (1991): 4???8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199108000-00002.
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Amin, S. M. Yousuf, Krishna Priya Das, Md Ashraful Islam, Muhammad Monjun-Ul Alam, Md Nashid Rahman, and Md Taiyabur Rahman. "Evaluation of Clinical & Functional Outcomes Bristow Latarjet Procedure in the Management of Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation." Annals of International Medical and Dental Research 9, no. 3 (2023): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2023.9.3.11.
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Background: Glenohumeral joint is highly susceptible to dislocation due to its wide range of movements. Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations are common in young adults. The Bristow Latarjet procedure is one of the effective techniques for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. This study aimed to assess the clinical and functional outcome of the Bristow Latarjet procedure in the management of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Material & Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, BSMMU, from October 2017 to September 2019. Within this period, a total of 40 cases of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation that meet inclusion criteria were taken as a sample. Patients were evaluated both pre and postoperatively for functional outcomes according to Rowe’s score for instability. A purposive non-randomized sampling technique was used in this study. All the data were compiled and sorted properly and the quantitative data were analyzed statistically by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-25). The results were expressed as frequency, percentage and mean ± SD. Paired Student’s‘t’ test was performed to compare pre and final postoperative follow-up. The level of significance was calculated at a confidence interval of 95% and p-value <0.05. Results: : In this study age of the patient ranged from 18-40 years and the mean age was 28.2±6.3. 29(72.5). Surgery was done within 4-6 months of the first dislocation in 5 patients, within 6-12 months in 21 patients and after 12 months in 14 patients. The mean (±SD) Rowe score for instability was significantly (p<0.001) higher 6 months after the Bristow Latarjet procedure at 91.87(±9.00) in comparison to preoperative periods 52.62(±18.40). Results were excellent in 32(80%), good in 4(10%), fair in 3(7.5%) and poor in 1(2.5%) patients. 36(90%) patients were in the satisfactory group and only 4(10%) in the unsatisfactory group. Only 1(2.5%) patient developed screw migration, 2(5%) patients developed subluxation, and 1(2.5%) patient developed postoperative arthritis. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Bristow-Latarjet procedure is a very effective and safe procedure with reduced complications, presenting very satisfactory functional results in the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation.
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Russo, Raffaele, Fabio Cautiero, and Giuseppe Della Rotonda. "Risk Factors for Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation Arthroscopically Managed with Absorbable Knotless Anchors." Advances in Orthopedic Surgery 2014 (November 25, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/964358.
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Purpose. To evaluate the clinical outcome and risk factors for recurrent dislocation after arthroscopic stabilization with absorbable knotless anchor. Methods. We treated 197 patients affected by anterior shoulder instability, either traumatic or atraumatic with the same arthroscopic suture technique. We recorded age at surgery and number and type of dislocations (traumatic/atraumatic). Of the 197 patients, 127 (65.4%) were examined with a mean follow-up of 5.6 years (range: 25–108 months). Eighty-one shoulders were evaluated with the Rowe score and 48 with the Simple Shoulder Test (SST). Results. The mean Rowe score was 90.8, while the mean SST score was 10.9. Recurrence occurred in 10 cases (7.7%) but only in 4 cases was atraumatic, which reduces the real recurrence rate to 3.1%. Patients with recurrence were significantly younger at surgery than patients who did not relapse (P=0.040). Moreover, neither the number (P=0.798) nor the type of shoulder instability (P=0.751), or the amount of glenoid bone loss (P=0.184) significantly affected the probability of recurrence. Conclusions. In a patient population with involuntary monodirectional anterior shoulder instability, use of absorbable knotless anchor was reliable and resulted in a good outcome. In this series the statistical significant risk factors for recurrent dislocation were age of patient.
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Urayama, Masakazu, Eiji Itoi, Ryuji Sashi, Hiroshi Minagawa, and Kozo Sato. "Capsular Elongation in Shoulders with Recurrent Anterior Dislocation." American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 1 (2003): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310012201.
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Background Elongation of the shoulder capsule is often noticed on arthrograms or during surgery in shoulders of patients who have experienced recurrent anterior dislocations. Hypothesis We can quantify the elongation of the capsule in shoulders with recurrent anterior dislocations by using magnetic resonance arthrography. Study Design Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Methods Twelve patients with unilateral recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations were enrolled in this study. Magnetic resonance images in the axial and coronal oblique planes were obtained from both shoulders (involved and uninvolved sides) after 10 ml of gadolinium/saline solution was injected into the glenohumeral joint. The length of the anteroinferior, inferior, and posteroinferior portions of the capsule was measured by using image analyzing software and normalized to the humeral head diameter. Results The anteroinferior capsule was significantly elongated in the involved shoulder at 4 mm (16% elongation) and 10 mm (19% elongation) superior to the inferior margin of the glenoid. The inferior capsule was also significantly elongated in the involved side both at the center (12% elongation) and at 4 mm anterior to the center of the glenoid (29% elongation). The posteroinferior capsule did not show any significant elongation. Conclusions The anteroinferior and inferior portions of the shoulder capsule are elongated an average of 19% in shoulders with recurrent anterior dislocation.
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Sawant, Kaustubh, and Sagar Bansal. "Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation with Coracoid Fracture in an Old Age Male: A Rare Case Report." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 14, no. 10 (2024): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i10.4846.
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Introduction:Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common pathology in young males with less prevalence in other age groups. Anterior shoulder dislocation being the most common variety of dislocation among the shoulder dislocation can be managed both conservatively and surgically. Recurrent anterior dislocation in middle-aged males with a coracoid fracture is a rare entity and should be managed with proper pre-operative planning including computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and surgery. Case Report: A 65-year-old male is a known case of recurrent anterior dislocation presented with anterior shoulder dislocation 1½ years back. Closed reduction was done. Radiological evaluations such as CT scan and MRI were done which were suggestive of bony Bankart and coracoid fracture which was managed with open Latarjet procedure. Conclusion: Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with a concomitant coracoid fracture is a rare entity in old age, which can be managed with a Latarjet procedure and has a good post-operative outcome. Keywords: Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation, coracoid fracture, Latarjet procedure.
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Zhu, Jihe, Blagica Arsovska, and Kristina Kozovska. "Acupuncture Treatment after Shoulder Arthroscopy after Recurrent Dislocations." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (2018): 2133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.476.
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BACKGROUND: The shoulder has the greatest range of motion of the entire joint in the body. Therefore it accounts for almost 50% of all joint dislocations. Most commonly, the dislocation is anterior and may occur because of trauma. Symptoms are intense pain, inability to move, numbness of the arm, weakness, swelling and visibly out of place shoulder. This condition requires emergency medical assistance to relocate the shoulder and do X = ray and MRI scans.
 CASE REPORT: The treated patient is a 20-year-old girl who has undergone shoulder arthroscopy after recurrent dislocations. 2 years after the surgery, another trauma happened, and the shoulder was dislocated again along with a broken piece of the bone. The patient decided instead of open surgery to do acupuncture treatment. 10 treatments were done, 3 with fire needle and 7 with normal needle acupuncture in 5 months. The patient was also taking Glucosamine and Calcitriol and was advised to rest the arm, not to bore it, not to lift weight and not to make sudden movements. Less than a year, the results are amazing, there’s no pain in the shoulder, the movement is unlimited and eased. The MRI image is with normal findings with a little piece of 3 mm still to heal on the broken part.
 CONCLUSION: For such a serious condition as shoulder dislocation, acupuncture gave amazing and very satisfying results, with no need of open surgery.
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Morita, Sunao, Kiyotsugu Maekawa, Hideo Mizuno, Kouichi Kai, Keiichiro Okajima, and Takayuki Tsuru. "Boytchev procedure in recurrent shoulder dislocation." Orthopedics & Traumatology 34, no. 3 (1986): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.34.941.
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Mowery, C. A., S. R. Garfin, R. E. Booth, and R. H. Rothman. "Recurrent posterior dislocation of the shoulder." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 67, no. 5 (1985): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198567050-00013.
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Brand, Richard A. "Recurrent Dislocation of the Shoulder Joint." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 466, no. 3 (2008): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11999-007-0105-3.
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Mohapatra, R. G. Asutosh, and Jitendra Kumar. "Evaluation of arthroscopic Bankart repair in recurrent shoulder dislocation." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (2019): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20192683.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Our aim was to study the surgical and functional outcome and postoperative shoulder motion following, arthroscopic repair of the Bankart lesion of the shoulder with suture anchors.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a study of arthroscopic Bankart repair in recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with suture anchors in 20 patients. Most of patients had symptoms for a period ranging from 1 to 2 years and 1- 4 recurrent dislocation episodes preoperatively. Necessary radiological and haematological investigations were done. The post-operative x-rays were evaluated and the post-operative rehabilitation evaluation done at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and 1 year, for any recurrence of symptoms.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study of 20 patients, with the mean follow up period of 12 months, the mean Rowe score post-operatively improved to 94 from a pre-operative mean score of 56.25. Out of 20 patients none had episodes of recurrent dislocation. In 15 patients 3 suture anchors were used and in 5 patients 2 suture anchors used intra operatively. The range of movement – external rotation in 90º of abduction improved in 17 patients (85%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We concluded that arthroscopic Bankart repair in recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with suture anchors is effective in providing better shoulder function with range of movement and lower rate of recurrence.</p>
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Arafa, Mohamed S., Ibrahim Mohamed Mohsen, Mahmoud A. E. Ahmed, and Hatem A. Kotb. "Functional results after arthroscopic anterior labral repair±capsulorrhaphy in recurrent shoulder dislocations: short-term results." Egyptian Orthopaedic Journal 59, no. 4 (2024): 439–43. https://doi.org/10.4103/eoj.eoj_117_23.
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Background Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation occurs in approximately 50–96% of individuals having first dislocation under the age of 20 years and in 40–74% of patients between the ages of 20–40 years. The anterior shoulder dislocation contains tear of the inferior capsule-ligamentous complex and labrum from the anterior inferior glenoid in around 97% of cases and if not healed in a proper position may lead to recurrent episodes of dislocation. Methods This‘prospective cohort study’aimed to evaluate the results of the arthroscopic Bankart repair of the capsule-labral lesions in patients having recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Results The UCLA score was calculated for all patients preoperatively, and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Preoperatively, the UCLA score ranged from 15 to 25 (mean 20.1 ± 2.3), 3 months postoperatively it ranged from 27 to 32 (mean 29.4 ± 1.2) and 6 months postoperatively from 27 to 33 (mean 30.4 ± 1.3). Conclusion The present research demonstrated that arthroscopic Bankart repair with the the application of suture anchors is a dependable managing pathway, with positive clinical conclusions, outstanding shoulder movement postoperatively, besides reduced rates of recurrence in selected patients.
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Gupta, Arvind P., Priyesh Kumar, Janki Sharan Bhadani, John Mukhopadhaya, Mrinal Matish, and Rakesh Kumar Rajnish. "Comprehensive Evaluation and Arthroscopic Management of Circumferential Labral Tears Following Traumatic First Time Shoulder Dislocation: A Case Report and Review." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 14, no. 6 (2024): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i06.4526.
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Introduction: Pan-labral tears, commonly associated with recurrent shoulder dislocations, are a well-documented pathology. However, circumferential pan-labral tears following a first-time shoulder dislocation represent a rare and scarcely reported entity in the literature. Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive clinical history, physical examination, and further evaluation, often involving MRI. Even with advanced imaging, the acute nature of the injury can lead to the oversight of pan-labral tears, necessitating arthroscopic assessment for definitive diagnosis. Repairing such extensive glenoid labral tears presents a challenging task, requiring skilled surgeons to utilize accessory portals and percutaneous techniques for optimal visualization and anchor placement trajectory. To the best of our knowledge, this case report represents the first documentation of a pan-labral tear associated with a 1st-time shoulder dislocation. Case Report: A 27-year-old Asian male presented with pain and limited range of motion in the left shoulder following a single episode of anterior shoulder dislocation during cricket. Initial X-rays were unremarkable, but subsequent MRI revealed an anteroinferior labral tear with intact rotator cuffs. Arthroscopic evaluation disclosed a pan-labral tear, prompting meticulous repair under general and locoregional anesthesia. The patient achieved full recovery postoperatively. Conclusion: While pan-labral tears are typically linked to recurrent dislocations, this case underscores their occurrence in a 1st-time traumatic shoulder dislocation without overt clinical signs or fractures. Arthroscopic repair demands careful intraoperative planning to achieve optimal tensioning and alignment of labral and capsular tissues. This report contributes to the limited literature on pan-labral tears associated with initial shoulder dislocations, emphasizing the importance of arthroscopic evaluation for accurate diagnosis and successful repair. Keywords: Shoulder dislocation, pan-labral tear, arthroscopy.
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Chaudhary, Vijay, Tirthraj Dave, Swapnil Nalge, et al. "Functional outcome of arthroscopic labral repair in adults for traumatic shoulder instability: a prospective study." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 10, no. 1 (2023): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20234045.
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Background: Anterior shoulder instability is often treated either by open procedure or arthroscopic method. present study to assess the functional outcome of the patients with recurrent dislocation of shoulder with Bankart lesion, treated with arthroscopic stabilization to evaluate shoulder function with labral tear and after repair of labral tear, to study epidemiology of labral tear and to study epidemiology of associated lesions. Methods: Prospective study in the 25 consented patients admitted in the orthopaedics department in new civil hospital Surat with different shoulder injury after IEC approval. Statistical analyses done in MS excel. Results: Mean age at time of first dislocation was 30 year and most (50%) were of 20-30 years. Most patients were males (92%). 84% of the cases, the dominant side is involved, right shoulder. Number of episodes of recurrent dislocation prior to surgery averaged 5 times. most common mechanism was Accidental fall (48%) followed by sports (32%), RTA (20%). Association of Hill-Sachs lesions was 80% with labral-tear secured with extra suture anchor. Preoperative parameters; number of dislocations, chronicity, reduction method do not have any significance on outcome. Rowe-score improved from 40.2% Preoperatively to 89.8% postoperatively at 12 weeks. 80% of patients is having excellent outcome. Conclusions: Arthroscopic Bankart’s repair is gold standard for labral tear due to recurrent shoulder dislocation which led to short surgery time, less intraoperative and postoperative complications, increased shoulder function among patients. Associated Hill Sach’s lesion should be repaired for better functional outcome.
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Deore, Sandeep, Bhushan Patil, Sachin Kale, Ronak Mishra, Ravi Modi, and Nrupam Mehta. "Management of Neglected Locked Anterior Shoulder Dislocation in the Elderly Population in an Indian Scenario – A Case Report." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 14, no. 9 (2024): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i09.4740.
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Introduction: There is a paucity of literature regarding a neglected shoulder dislocation, as it is unusual to miss it clinically due to the apparent deformity. Nevertheless, in some cases, particularly those who receive primary treatment from a local bonesetter, they present with neglected dislocation. In the absence of comprehensive studies, health-care professionals have to resort to lower-tier evidence and practical experience to guide their treatment decisions. Therefore, most of the treatment recommendations are based on level four studies and the literature for recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. Case Report: We have described three cases of neglected anterior dislocation of the shoulders in two patients, which were managed by open reduction and Latarjet procedure, remplissage, and rotator cuff repair (RCR). Both of our patients after 1-year follow-up had a painless joint with an improved functional range of motion. This case discussion contributes to understanding the approach to treating these patients. Conclusion: Recurrent shoulder joint instability with bone loss in the younger and older age groups has to be managed differently. Based on this case report involving individuals older than 50 years, it can be inferred that the approach to managing neglected locked shoulder dislocations with off-track lesions is with open reduction and fixation with Latarjet procedure, coupled with RCR and remplissage, has yielded adequate joint stability and favorable post-operative outcomes. Keywords: Locked shoulder dislocation, Latarjet procedure, neglected shoulder dislocation, remplissage.
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Wellington, Ian J., Jacob Silver, Benjamin C. Hawthorne, Caitlin G. Dorsey, Maxwell Trudeau, and Patrick M. Garvin. "Glenohumeral Arthrodesis for Treatment of Unique Instability with Axillary Nerve Injury: A Case Report." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 12, no. 7 (2022): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2022.v12.i07.2926.
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Introduction: Traumatic shoulder dislocations in elderly patients can result in significant shoulder pathology. Rotator cuff tears and recurrent instability are common complications follow a dislocation event, while axillary nerve injury is less common. While there have been rare cases of recurrent shoulder instability with concomitant axillary nerve injury, there have been no prior cases, in which concurrent fracture fragmentation resulted in the initial gross instability. Case Report: A 68-year-old male with painful gross instability presents following a traumatic dislocation. The patient sustained an axillary nerve injury to the ipsilateral side resulting in a non-functioning deltoid. Pre operative X-rays showed recurrent chronic glenohumeral dislocation, computerized tomography imaging showed a greater tuberosity fracture, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a massive cuff tear with retraction and atrophy. Given the level of instability and deltoid dysfunction, the patient was treated with shoulder arthrodesis. Intraoperatively, a large fragment of greater tuberosity with ligamentous attachments was found adhered to the anterior glenoid. After arthrodesis, the patient’s pain and function improved significantly. Conclusion: When treating elderly patients with gross instability following a traumatic dislocation, surgeons should keep in mind the high likelihood of concomitant avulsion fracture, and that migratory cortical fragments can be a nidus for a patient’s instability. When selected for appropriately, these patients can be effectively treated with shoulder arthrodesis with excellent improvements of pain and functionality.
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Baek, Chang Hee, Bo Taek Kim, and Jung Gon Kim. "Pectoralis Major Transfer For Anterior Recurrent Dislocation of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Case Report." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 14, no. 6 (2024): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i06.4486.
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Introduction: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has revolutionized the treatment landscape for a spectrum of shoulder pathologies, extending its indications from rotator cuff arthropathy to encompass irreparable rotator cuff lesions, fractures, inflammatory arthritis, and tumors. However, the exponential increase in RTSA usage has brought a proportional rise in associated complications, with dislocation being one of the most common early post-operative complications. Case Report: This case report details a 65-year-old right-hand dominant male patient presenting with chronic pain and weakness in the right shoulder, diagnosed with advanced glenohumeral arthritis and massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. The patient underwent a Bony Increased-Offset RTSA (BIO-RTSA) procedure, coupled with subscapularis repair. Postoperatively, the patient experienced pain and instability, culminating in an atraumatic anterior dislocation at 4 months. Despite conservative management, recurrent dislocations persisted. Revision surgery was performed with an increase in the linear component size for containment. About 1 year postoperative of the revision surgery, recurrent dislocation reoccurred. Re-revision surgery was performed with secondary pectoralis major (PM) transfer for subscapularis deficiency due to re-tear from recurrent dislocation, and with an increased humeral tray size for better containment. About 1-year and 6-month post-operative to the re-revision surgery, the patient achieved restored stability, improved range of motion, and reported satisfaction with the outcome. Conclusion: This case report underscores the challenges of managing recurrent anterior dislocation after RTSA. The successful use of secondary PM transfer highlights its efficacy as a salvage procedure in restoring stability for persistent anterior dislocation after RTSA. Yet, further clinical studies are warranted to establish the role of such interventions in the management for RTSA-associated complications. Level of Evidence IV; Case report Keywords: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, pectoralis major transfer, irreparable rotator cuff tear, rotator cuff arthroplasty, tendon transfer.
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Khan, Hayat Ahmad, Younis Kamal, Mohammad Ashraf Khan, et al. "Reducing Shoulder by Vertical Traction: A One-Man Method for Shoulder Reduction." Advances in Orthopedic Surgery 2016 (April 7, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9301869.
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Fifty percent of joint dislocations reported to the emergency department are of shoulder joint. Various techniques are used to reduce the shoulder and Spaso technique is the least known to the orthopaedic residents which is a simple one-man vertical traction method of shoulder reduction. We evaluated the effectiveness of vertical traction method for anterior shoulder dislocation by orthopaedic residents. Sixty consecutive patients of anterior glenohumeral dislocation attending the emergency department of our hospital were taken up for the study. The reduction was done using Spaso technique. Right shoulder was dislocated in 40 patients and 31 patients had recurrent shoulder dislocation. In 55 patients, shoulder was reduced without the use of any anaesthesia. In patients where no anaesthesia was used, the time of traction ranged from 45 seconds to 5 minutes, while under anaesthesia the time of traction ranged from 1 to 4 minutes. Twenty-one patients had associated greater tuberosity fracture which did not affect the method of reduction and all of them were reducible. No complication was reported, and all the patients were satisfied with the method. In conclusion vertical traction method is a good technique for reducing anterior shoulder dislocation with an easy learning curve among the residents and no complication has been reported so far.
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Kauta, N., J. du Plessis, J. de Wet, B. Vrettos, and S. Roche. "Current concepts on the assessment of a patient with a traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation." SA Orthopaedic Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2022/v21n2a6.
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Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common condition that most orthopaedic surgeons will have to deal with in their practice. Nonoperative management of the initial traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation is likely to lead to a recurrent shoulder dislocation in more than 90% of cases in the younger active population. Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation can persist even after instability surgery in certain cases. A detailed, accurate assessment of the patient is of paramount importance for successful treatment. This review aims to provide insight into key concepts to consider in the assessment of an anterior shoulder dislocation. Predisposing factors, clinical examination and the role of imaging in the assessment of an anterior shoulder dislocation will be reviewed. Level of evidence: Level 5
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Hardy, Alexandre, Vincent Sabatier, Bradley Schoch, Marie Vigan, and Jean David Werthel. "Latarjet with cortical button fixation is associated with an increase of the risk of recurrent dislocation compared to screw fixation." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 28, no. 7 (2019): 2354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-019-05815-6.
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Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of the Latarjet procedure using two cortical buttons vs two screws. It was hypothesized that cortical button would result in similar rates of recurrent dislocations, but a lower rate of reoperation compared to screw fixation. Methods A retrospective comparative case-cohort analysis was performed for all patients undergoing a Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. Patient demographics, number of dislocations prior surgery, arm dominance, shoulder hyperlaxity, level of sport, type of sport and ISIS score were collected. Shoulders were separated into two groups based on surgical fixation (screws vs cortical button). Postoperatively, shoulders were evaluated for recurrent dislocation, revision surgery, post-operative Walch–Duplay score, and the Simple shoulder test (SST). Two hundred and thirty-six patients were included in the screw fixation group (group A) and 72 in button fixation group (group B) and were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 3.4 ± 0.8 years. Demographics of the two groups were similar with the exception of operative side hand dominance, which was more common in group B [50 (69.4%) vs 128 (54.2%), p = 0.02]. Results Recurrent dislocation was significantly lower in Group A: 6 (2.5%) vs 6(8.3%) (p = 0.02). Reoperation was more common in group A [14 (5.9%) vs 0 (0%)]. At follow-up, Walch–Duplay scores and simple shoulder tests were similar in both groups. Conclusion Button fixation for Latarjet showed higher rates of recurrent dislocation compared to screw fixation. However, the increased stability afforded by screw fixation needs to be weighed against the increased risk of reoperation for hardware prominence. Level of evidence III.
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Olds, Margie K., Richard Ellis, Priya Parmar, and Paula Kersten. "Who will redislocate his/her shoulder? Predicting recurrent instability following a first traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 5, no. 1 (2019): e000447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000447.
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ObjectiveTo develop a multivariate tool that would predict recurrent instability after a first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation.MethodsParticipants (aged 16–40 years) were recruited across New Zealand into a prospective cohort study. Baseline data were collected during a telephone interview and through examination of radiology records. Variables associated with recurrent instability were selected for the multivariate logistic regression model using backwards selection (p<0.10). Coefficients for those variables retained in the model were used to develop the predictive tool.ResultsAmong the 128 participants, 36% had redislocated at least once in the first 12 months. Univariate analysis showed an increased likelihood of recurrent dislocation with bony Bankart lesions (OR=3.65, 95% CI 1.05 to 12.70, p=0.04) and participants who had: not been immobilised in a sling (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.98, p=0.05), higher levels of shoulder activity (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.27, p=0.03), higher levels of pain and disability (OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.06, p=0.02), higher levels of fear of reinjury (OR=1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.26, p=0.04) and decreased quality of life (OR=1.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02, p=0.05). There was no significant difference in those with non-dominant compared with dominant shoulder dislocations (p=0.10) or in those aged 16–25 years compared with 26–40 years (p=0.07).ConclusionSix of seven physical and psychosocial factors can be used to predict recurrent shoulder instability following a first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation.
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M, Dr Sabarisree. "Functional Outcome Following Bristow and Boytchev Surgery in Recurrent Dislocation of Shoulder." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 05 (2017): 21892–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i5.108.
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Liechti, Daniel J., Kevin H. Shepet, Julie E. Glener, Eric J. Neumann, and Shafic Sraj. "A Systematic Review of Acute Irreducible Shoulder Dislocations in the 21st Century." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 9 (2022): 232596712211216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221121633.
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Background: Rarely, closed reduction cannot be achieved in patients with acute shoulder dislocation, necessitating open management. A paucity of literature exists regarding these cases. Purpose: To perform a systematic review on the mechanism, management, and outcome data of acute irreducible shoulder dislocations. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and MEDLINE between 2000 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were as follows: human participants, acute irreducible shoulder dislocation requiring open management, English language, and publication within the past 20 years. We excluded basic science articles, technique articles, reviews, editorials, and studies of chronic shoulder dislocations or dislocations with ipsilateral humeral shaft fractures. Results: Twelve articles fit the inclusion criteria and were considered for review. All studies were single case reports (level 4 evidence). Ten of the 12 studies were of male patients. The direction of dislocation included 7 anterior/anteroinferior, 2 posterior, 1 inferior, 1 bilateral inferior, and 1 superolateral. Most dislocations were irreducible owing to a mechanical block to reduction. The most common type of block was an incarcerated long head of the biceps tendon, followed by interposition of 1 of the rotator cuff tendons. The axillary and musculocutaneous nerves, displaced fracture fragments, and Hill-Sachs and bony Bankart lesions were other causes of blocks to reduction. Eleven patients were treated with open surgery, while 1 patient was treated arthroscopically. Procedures performed were dependent on concurrent pathology. Final follow-up ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years, with no repeat dislocation episodes reported. Complications after open reduction included 1 case of brachial plexopathy (posterior cord) and 1 case of musculocutaneous nerve palsy. Conclusion: There is a paucity of literature on the management of irreducible acute shoulder dislocations. The most common irreducible dislocation found in this systematic review was anterior with a mechanical block attributed to interposition of the long head of the biceps tendon. When patients were treated with an open or arthroscopic procedure, recurrence was low, with none reporting recurrent dislocation in limited follow-up.
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Gul, Yousaf, Muhammad Zubair Farooq, Inamullah ., Muhammad Asghar Essa, and Shafaat Ullah Khan. "Evaluation of Arthroscopic Bankart Repair and Open Latarjet Technique for Treatment of Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 2 (2023): 528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023172528.
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Background: Arthroscopic Bankart repair and open Latarjet procedures are the most frequent surgical treatments for shoulder instability and recurrent shoulder dislocation. Objectives: Therefore, we performed research to assess the clinical outcomes and recurrence rate of instability between both Arthroscopic Bankart repair and open Latarjet techniques. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 2021-23, comprising 74 patients, managed surgically for the condition of recurrent shoulder dislocation. The patients were allocated into two groups viz Group A and B comprising 37 patients in each, who were managed through Arthroscopic Bankart repair and open Latarjet techniques, respectively. Post-operative complications, re-occurrence and success rate were measured in terms of SSV scores. Results: Average age of patients in Arthroscopic Bankart group was 28.34+5.31 years while in open Latarjet group; it was 29.09+6.19 years. 14 (37.83%) patients of Arthroscopic Bankart repair group revealed recurrent shoulder dislocation, while no such complaint was found in the open Latarjet technique. Twenty-seven patients of Arthroscopic Bankart group showed satisfaction with the procedure and 33 out of 37 patients (89.18%) were satisfied with open Latarjet technique. Patients in open Latarjet technique group showed successful recovery of shoulder dislocation and their SSV was 87.91%, while the patients in Arthroscopic Bankart repair group showed less SSV score of 59.76%. Conclusion: Open Latarjet group patients had a greater rate of functional satisfaction, while the arthroscopic Bankart repair group showed a trend for more recurrence. Open Latarjet operation had a higher success rate and patients had a better rate of return to previous top-level sports than Arthroscopic Bankart technique. Keywords: Latarjet; Re-occurrence; Shoulder dislocation; Sports medicine; Surgical complications.
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Ullah, Ihsan, Samir Khan Kabir, Khalid ., Mohammad Inaam, Gul Hassan, and Anwar Ul Haq Kiani. "Management of Shoulder Dislocation by Prakash Method." Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 8, no. 1 (2021): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.8-1.124.
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 OBJECTIVES:
 The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of shoulder reduction developed by Prakash.
 METHODOLOGY:
 This descriptive study was carried out at Rehman Medical and Surgical Center District Buner and Naseer Teaching Hospital Peshawar from June 2017 to December 2019. All patients with a history of trauma to either shoulder were subjected to anterior-posterior shoulder radiograph. Those having shoulder dislocation were enrolled in the study. Data including age, gender, previous dislocation history, duration of dislocation and associated fracture, and fracture type were recorded in patient case sheet. Patients having recurrent dislocation, polytrauma, low GCS, fracture-dislocations, and more than a week history of dislocation were excluded from the study.
 RESULTS:
 This study was performed on 30 patients. The mean age of the patients was 36.46±11.58 years. Among them, 83.3% (n=25) were male and 16.7% (n=5) were female. While dislocation occurred on the right shoulder in 63.3% (n=19) and in 36.7% (n=11) on the left side. All the patients have dislocation for the first time. The reduction was performed using Prakash’s method. The success rate was 90% (n=27) and 10% (n=3) the reduction failed, which was then reduced under anesthesia using the Hippocratic method. 
 CONCLUSION:
 The Prakash's method for reducing anterior shoulder dislocation requires minimum assistance with no anesthesia, it is safe, less time consuming, has a high success rate, less pain, and has minimal complications.
 
 
 
 
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Cengiz, Ömer, and Ferdi Dırvar. "Demographic and clinical characteristics of traumatic shoulder dislocations in an eastern Anatolian city in Turkey: A retrospective single-centre analysis of 181 patients." Medical Science and Discovery 8, no. 5 (2021): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v8i5.536.
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Objective: This study aims to investigate demographic and clinical characteristics of traumatic shoulder dislocations in an Eastern Anatolian city (Muş) in Turkey.
 Material and Methods: Digital patient database was reviewed to identify the glenohumeral shoulder dislocations admitted to the emergency department between January 2017 and December 2018. Incidence, demographics, recurrence, associated injuries, and mechanism of injury were evaluated.
 Results: One hundred and eighty-one patients (140 males, 41 females; mean age: 39.98±20.41 years) experienced traumatic shoulder dislocation during the study period. The incidence was 18,9 per 100,000 person-years. Age distribution peaked between 21 and 30 (94.5% male) and between 61 and 70 years. Primary shoulder dislocation occurred in 153, recurrent dislocations in 28, and anterior dislocations in 177 patients. The mechanism of injury included falls in 144 and sports injuries in 18 cases. The reduction was achieved in 154 patients in the emergency department.
 Conclusion: The incidence of traumatic shoulder dislocations in Muş was higher than the study conducted in Turkey but similar to those in Europe, the UK, and the USA. Risk factors included young age (21-40) and participation in sports in men but fall and being in the 6th decade in women.
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Ardhaswari, Made Sabrina Prativa Prasaditya, Putu Astawa, and Anak Agung Gde Yuda Asmara. "Perbandingan penanganan operatif dengan non operatif pada tatalaksana dislokasi bahu anterior terhadap rekurensi: systematic review." Intisari Sains Medis 14, no. 2 (2023): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i2.891.
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Background: Shoulder dislocations are very prone to recurrent shoulder dislocations, the best treatment for reducing recurrence is controversial in several studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare operative and nonoperative management of anterior dislocation of the shoulder against recurrence. Method: The literature search used PubMed and Google Scholar databases and met the inclusion criteria from 2010-2020 regarding the comparison of operative and non-operative treatment on anterior shoulder dislocation on recurrence. This systematic review was prepared by using the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes). Result: Five studies were reviewed with a total sample size of 635 samples. Three studies stated that the recurrence rate for operative was 10-13% and non-operative was 41-71% and there was a significant difference. Meanwhile, two other studies stated that there was no significant difference between operative and non-operative on recurrence rates. Conclusion: Studies suggest that non-operative management recurs more frequently in shoulder dislocation than operative management. Pendahuluan: Dislokasi bahu sangat rentan untuk terjadi dislokasi bahu berulang (recurrent). Hingga saat ini, penanganan yang terbaik dalam menurunkan rekurensi masih bersifat kontroversial dalam beberapa studi. Untuk itu, tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk membandingan penanganan operatif dengan non operatif pada tatalaksana dislokasi bahu anterior terhadap rekurensi Metode: Pencarian literatur menggunakan database PubMed dan Google Scholar, serta memenuhi kriteria inklusi dari tahun 2010-2020 mengenai perbandingan operatif dan non operatif pada dislokasi bahu anterior terhadap rekurensi. Penulian systematic review ini disusun menggunakan protocol PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Hasil: Lima studi yang diulas dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 635 sampel. Tiga studi menyebutkan recurrence rate pada operatif sebesar 10-13% dan non operatif sebesar 41-71% dan terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan. Sedangkan, dua studi lainnya menyebutkan recurrence rate pada operatif dan non operatif menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan: Keseluruhan studi menyebutkan bahwa penanganan non operatif lebih sering mengalami rekurensi pada dislokasi bahu dibandingkan dengan penanganan operatif.
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Cutts, Steven, Mark Prempeh, and Steven Drew. "Anterior Shoulder Dislocation." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 91, no. 1 (2009): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588409x359123.
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INTRODUCTION Anterior dislocation of the shoulder is commonly seen in accident and emergency (A&E) and trauma clinics. In this article, we review the existing literature on the injury and the recent trends in management. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have discussed this condition with our colleagues and performed a Medline search (‘anterior shoulder dislocation’) of the relevant papers. We also describe key historical publications and recent developments regarding immobilisation of the joint. RESULTS Management decisions regarding this condition continue to vary between units, especially for recurrent and posterior dislocation. This paper lays some emphasis on the choice of analgesic agent when attempting shoulder reduction in the A&E setting. A summary of the data from our own department has provided a graphical representation of the classical age and sex distribution for this condition. CONCLUSIONS Shoulder dislocation is a common injury. Delays in diagnosis remain the single biggest obstacle to optimum results in this group of patients. A significant proportion will require eventual surgery and up to a third of these patients will go on to develop long-term shoulder arthritis. Even patients who have experienced a single episode of dislocation may go on to develop long-term sequelae.