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Journal articles on the topic 'Recycle fuel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wu, Xiaogang, Chen Hu, and Jingfu Chen. "Energy Flow Chart-Based Energy Efficiency Analysis of a Range-Extended Electric Bus." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/972139.

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This paper puts forward an energy flow chart analysis method for a range-extended electric bus. This method uses dissipation and cycle energy, recycle efficiency, and fuel-traction efficiency as evaluation indexes. In powertrain energy efficiency analysis, the range-extended electric bus is developed by Tsinghua University, the driving cycle based on that of Harbin, a northern Chinese city. The CD-CS and blended methods are applied in energy management strategies. Analysis results show with average daily range of 200 km, auxiliary power of 10 kW, CD-CS strategy, recycle ability and fuel-traction efficiency are higher. The input-recycled efficiency using the blended strategy is 24.73% higher than CD-CS strategy, while the output-recycled efficiency when using the blended strategy is 7.83% lower than CD-CS strategy.

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2

Kamath, H. S. "Recycle Fuel Fabrication for Closed Fuel Cycle in India." Energy Procedia 7 (2011): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.06.015.

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3

Shekhawat, Dushyant, David A. Berry, Todd H. Gardner, Daniel J. Haynes, and James J. Spivey. "Effects of fuel cell anode recycle on catalytic fuel reforming." Journal of Power Sources 168, no. 2 (2007): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.031.

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4

SAKAYA, Tadatsugu, and Hiroaki FUJIWARA. "Concrete Cask for Recycle Fuel Resource Storage." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2000.4 (2000): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2000.4.0_371.

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5

HOSHIKAWA, Tadahiro, Msasashi SHIMIZU, Jun KASHIWAKURA, Masahiko TANABE, Takashi NISHI, and Takashi MACIDA. "Development of Recycle Nuclear Fuel Storage System." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2002.8 (2002): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2002.8.461.

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6

Von Hippel, Frank N. "No Hurry to Recycle." Mechanical Engineering 128, no. 05 (2006): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2006-may-2.

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This article discusses the promotion of Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) by US Department of Energy. GNEP is a strategy for dealing with the accumulation of radioactive waste from power plants by reprocessing some of the spent fuel. The primary domestic benefit of this initiative would be to reduce the quantity of plutonium and other transuranic waste that would have to be buried in Yucca Mountain, the Nevada site identified as the national depository for nuclear waste. The objective of GNEP is to fission all of the transuranics, aside from process losses. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) study scaled its cost estimate to 62,000 tons of spent fuel because that is approximately the amount of spent fuel that the Nuclear Waste Policy Act allows to be placed in Yucca Mountain before a second repository in another state is in operation. The huge cost of the GNEP would likely be more of a burden than a help to the future of nuclear power in the United States.

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7

Taebi, Behnam, and Jan Leen Kloosterman. "To Recycle or Not to Recycle? An Intergenerational Approach to Nuclear Fuel Cycles." Science and Engineering Ethics 14, no. 2 (2007): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-007-9049-y.

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8

Inoue, Tadashi. "Actinides Recycle by Pyrometallurgy in Nuclear Fuel Cycle." ECS Proceedings Volumes 2002-19, no. 1 (2002): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/200219.0553pv.

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9

Butler, Gregg. "Nuclear fuel: recycle or dispose? how? where? when?" Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 23, no. 3 (1998): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/isr.1998.23.3.292.

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10

Pranolo, Sunu Herwi, Muhammad Tasmiul Khoir, and Muhammad Fahreza Pradhana. "Production of clean synthetic gas from palm shell in a fixed bed gasifier with recycle system of producer gas." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819709004.

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Tar as side product of biomass gasification could potentially degrade internal combustion engine performance if syngas is used for the fuel. Tar reduction may be achievable with recycling of outlet producer gas back into the gasifier. This research studied the effects of recycle system to tar content in syngas as product of palm shell gasification in a fixed bed gasifier. The effects of recycling system were examined using gasification of palm shell with primary air at 3.30 Nm3/h, mixture of primary air at 1.80 Nm3/h and secondary air at 1.50 Nm3/h, and mixture of primary air and recycled gas. Volumetric rate of recycle gas were varied at 0.90 and 1.20 Nm3/h respectively. Gasification performance evaluation was based on Specific Gasification Rate. Syngas quality was rated with tar content, CO, CH4, H2, CO2, and N2 composition. The highest Specific Gasification Rate of 111.71 kg/m2h and tar reduction up to 61.95% were achieved using recycle system at volumetric rate of 0.90 Nm3/h with temperature of operation is 750°C. The highest heating value of 6.34 MJ/Nm3 was attained using recycled gas volumetric rate at 1.20 Nm3/h.

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11

Tang, San Li. "Design of Variable Cylinders Internal Combustion Engine with Energy Recovery Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1374.

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Variable cylinders internal combustion engine works with variable number of cylinders. For gasoline engines, the fuel consumption rate rises rapidly with the decline of shaft power when operating at low load. If we reduce the number of cylinders but keep a constant power, each cylinder has more load and then works with low fuel consumption. At the same time, the spare cylinder can be used as an air compressor to recycle the energy lost in deceleration, braking or idle state. Pressed air is the carrier of recycled energy. Experiments show the fuel saving function similar to small-engine cars and energy recovery similar to expensive hybrid cars.

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12

Meng, Jia Le, Hui Qing Tang, and Zhan Cheng Guo. "Comprehensive Mathematical Model of Full Oxygen Blast Furnace with Top Recycle Gas Heated by Gasifier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.356.

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A comprehensive mathematical model of full oxygen blast furnace with top recycle gas heated by gasifier was established. The model consists of the calculation equations for gas composition of four zones (hearth, belly, lower shaft, top) in the blast furnace, the thermo-chemical balance model of blast furnace, the energy balance model of hot stand-by zone of blast furnace, the shaft efficiency model of blast furnace, the calculation equations for gas composition of gasifier and the thermo-chemical balance model of gasifier. By using this model, the new process was calculated. The results show that coke rate and coal rate of the new process are 200 kg/thm and 190 kg/thm respectively, fuel rate is decreased by 24.7% compared with that of conventional blast furnace. In addition, theoretical combustion temperature decreases with increasing hearth-recycle gas quantity. Increasing of hearth-recycle gas quantity by 10 m3/thm decreases theoretical combustion temperature by 11.6 K. Furthermore, the model could be applied to calculate the operating parameters when the raw materials and fuel conditions are different, and the changing laws of operating parameters under the same raw materials and fuel conditions could also be studied with this model.

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13

ARIE, Kazuo, Tomoyuki ABE, and Yasuo ARAI. "Advances in Nuclear Fuel Technology― (3) Development of Advanced Nuclear Fuel Recycle Systems." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 44, no. 8 (2002): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.44.593.

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14

Alekseev, P. N., E. A. Bobrov, A. V. Chibinyaev, P. S. Teplov, and A. A. Dudnikov. "Multiple recycle of REMIX fuel at VVER-1000 operation in closed fuel cycle." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 78, no. 11 (2015): 1264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778815110034.

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15

Ueda, Y., M. Kamiya, Y. Koma, K. Koyama, H. Ojima, and S. Shikakura. "Potential reprocessing improvements in the Advanced Fuel Recycle System." Progress in Nuclear Energy 32, no. 3-4 (1998): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-1970(97)00028-0.

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16

McKee, R. H., S. J. Pasternak, and K. A. Traul. "Developmental toxicity of EDS recycle solvent and fuel oil." Toxicology 46, no. 2 (1987): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(87)90128-4.

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17

Mancheva, Zlatina, and Ivaylo Naydenov. "Material Balance of Fuel Cycles for Plutonium Recycling in Pressurised Water Reactors." E3S Web of Conferences 207 (2020): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020701023.

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An inevitable effect of uranium fuel operation is the production of plutonium. Its increasing inventory requires adoption of plutonium management strategy. The option that can provide inventory minimization and utilization of plutonium’s energy content is its usage as nuclear fuel. Since the most common power reactors are the pressurized water reactors, the current paper examines the material balance of several fuel cycles for single and multiple plutonium recycle in a reference PWR. Once-through fuel cycle’s balance has been used as a benchmark. Plutonium production and consumption rates, uranium and separative work requirements have been evaluated for four fuel cycle variations. The results affirm the overall long-term feasibility of multiple plutonium recycle in PWRs in terms of increased plutonium consumption.

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18

Mirza, Nasir Majid, and Ansar Parvez. "The Recycle Value of Fuel Discharged from Light Water Reactors." Nuclear Technology 78, no. 2 (1987): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt87-a33997.

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19

Meng, Jia Le, Zhan Cheng Guo, and Hui Qing Tang. "Comprehensive Mathematical Model of Full Oxygen Blast Furnace and its Solution." Advanced Materials Research 567 (September 2012): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.567.178.

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A comprehensive mathematical model of full blast furnace with top gas recycling was established. The model consists of the calculation equations for gas composition of four zones (hearth, belly, lower shaft. top) in the blast furnace, the thermo-chemical balance model, the energy balance model of hot stand-by zone of the blast furnace and the shaft efficiency model. By using the model, the new process was calculated. The results show that coke rate and coal rate of the new process are both 200 kg/thm, fuel rate is decreased by 22.8% compared with that of conventional blast furnace. In addition, theoretical combustion temperature decreases with increasing hearth-recycle gas quantity. Increasing of hearth-recycle gas quantity by 10 m3/thm decreases theoretical combustion temperature by 10.0 K. Furthermore, the model could be applied to calculate the operating parameters when the raw materials and fuel conditions are different, and the change laws of operating parameters under the same raw materials and fuel conditions could also be studied with this model.

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20

Somers, Joseph. "Fabrication of Fuel and Recycling of Minor Actinides in Fast Reactors." Advances in Science and Technology 73 (October 2010): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.73.97.

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Fuels for future fast reactors will not only produce energy, but they must also actively contribute to the minimisation of long lived wastes produced by these, and other reactor systems. The fuels must incorporate minor actinides (MA = Np, Am, Cm) for neutron transmutation into short lived isotopes. Within Europe oxide fuels are favoured. Transmutation can be considered in homogeneous or heterogeneous reactor recycle modes (i.e. in fuels or targets, respectively). Fabrication of such fuels can be made by advanced liquid processing methods, enabling property determination and screening irradiation experiments. This paper will describe these fabrication processes, and discuss properties and fuel irradiation experiments made to date. Both fertile and inert matrix fuel types are considered.

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21

Crawford, Mark. "Turning Trash into Treasure." Mechanical Engineering 135, no. 05 (2013): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013-may-3.

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This article describes various aspects of advanced waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies for converting trash into a clean and valuable resource. Renewed interest in WTE is largely driven by new technologies, improved economic models, energy trends, and policy changes. Gasification of municipal solid waste is gaining attention as new technological advances make this process more affordable. Gasification is the partial oxidation of the organic content in the municipal solid waste (MSW) feedstock to produce a synthesis gas, or syngas, rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Covanta Energy, a major player in the waste-to-energy field, has developed and commercialized a gasification process for unprocessed, post-recycled MSW, in an air-based process requiring no other reactants or energy inputs. Another WTE approach is converting waste into solid recovered fuels—blends of non-recycled waste that are engineered into a fuel-pellet feedstock. This technology is especially suitable for plastics such as disposable diapers that are difficult to recycle, or those that decompose slowly in landfills.

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22

Thambiyapillai, Selvaganapathy, and Muthuvelayudham Ramanujam. "An Experimental Investigation and Aspen HYSYS Simulation of Waste Polystyrene Catalytic Cracking Process for the Gasoline Fuel Production." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 4 (2021): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33817.

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Plastic wastes are necessary to recycle due to their disposal issues around the world. They can be recycled through various techniques i.e., mechanical reprocessing, mechanical recycling, chemical recycling and incineration. Most recycling techniques are expensive and end up in producing low-grade products excluding chemical recycling; it is an eco-friendly way to deal with plastic waste. Catalytic cracking is one of the chemical recycling methods, for converting waste plastics into liquid fuel same as commercial fuels. An experimental investigation of polystyrene catalytic cracking process was conducted with impregnated fly ash catalyst and 88.4% of liquid product yield was found as a maximum at optimum operating conditions 425 ̊C and 60 min. The liquid fuel quality was analyzed using FTIR spectra analysis, GC/MS analysis and Physico-chemical property analysis. The GC/MS analysis shows that the fly ash cracking of polystyrene leads to the production of gasoline fuels within the hydrocarbon range of C3-C24, and the aliphatic and aromatic functional compounds were detected using FTIR analysis. Moreover, the Aspen Hysys simulation of polystyrene catalytic cracking was conducted in a pyrolytic reactor at 425 ̊C and at the end of the simulation, 93.6% of liquid fuel yield was predicted. It was inferred that the simulation model for the catalytic cracking is substantial to fit the experimental data in terms of liquid fuel conversion

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23

Baetslé, L. H., and Ch De Raedt. "Limitations of actinide recycle and fuel cycle consequences. A global analysis Part 2: Recycle of actinides in thermal reactors: impact of high burn up LWR-UO2 fuel irradiation and multiple recycle of LWR-MOX fuel on the radiotoxic inventory." Nuclear Engineering and Design 168, no. 1-3 (1997): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(96)01373-8.

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24

Peng, Yu, Guifeng Zhu, Yang Zou, Miaomiao Niu, and Hongjie Xu. "Spent fuel characteristics for thorium‐uranium recycle in fluoride‐salt‐cooled solid‐fuel fast reactor." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 8 (2021): 12413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.6619.

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25

Liu, Lei, Gaojian Ma, Min Zeng, Wei Du, and Jinying Yuan. "Renewable boronic acid affiliated glycerol nano-adsorbents for recycling enzymatic catalyst in biodiesel fuel production." Chemical Communications 54, no. 88 (2018): 12475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc06169f.

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26

Pranolo, Sunu Herwi, Joko Waluyo, Jenni Prasetiyo, and Muhammad Ibrahim Hanif. "Application of Recycle System on a Cocoa Pod Husks Gasification in a Fixed-Bed Downdraft Gasifier to Produce Low Tar Fuel Gas." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 14, no. 2 (2019): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v14i2.14160.

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Biomass gasification is potentially generating not only producer gas but also tarry components. Practically, the gas may substitute traditional fuel in an internal combustion engine after reducing the tar. This research examined a producer gas recycle system to reduce tar component of producer gas generated with cocoa pod husks gasification using air as gasifying agent in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier. Cocoa pod husks feed sizes were +1” sieve, -1”+ 0.5” sieve, and -0.5” sieve. The gasification process was operated at the temperature range of 491 – 940oC and at various gasifying agent volumetric rates of 62.84; 125,68; and 188.53 NL/min or at equivalent ratio range of 0.014 – 0.042. A recycle system of outlet producer gas to gasifier was set at volumetric rates of 0.139; 0.196; and 0.240 L/min. The performance of the system was evaluated with analyzing the tar component using gravimetric method of ASTM D5068-13, and the gas component of CO, H2, CO2 and CH4 compositions in producer gas were analyzed using Gas Chromatography GC-2014 Shimadzu sensor TCD-14. This recycle system succeeded in reducing tar content as much as 97.19% at 0.139 L/min of recycle volumetric rate and at biomass feed size of -1”+0.5” sieve. The producer gas contained CO, H2, CO2 and CH4 of 23.29%, 2.66%, 13.30%, and 14.18% respectively. The recycle system cold gas efficiency was observed 65.24% at gasifying agent volumetric rate of 188.53 L/min and at biomass feed size of +1” sieve.

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27

Petti, D., D. Crawford, and N. Chauvin. "Fuels for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems." MRS Bulletin 34, no. 1 (2009): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.11.

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AbstractFuels for advanced nuclear reactors differ from conventional light water reactor fuels and also vary widely because of the specific architectures and intended missions of the reactor systems proposed to deploy them. Functional requirements of all fuel designs for advanced nuclear energy systems include (1) retention of fission products and fuel nuclides, (2) dimensional stability, and (3) maintenance of a geometry that can be cooled. In all cases, anticipated fuel performance is the limiting factor in reactor system design, and cumulative effects of increased utilization and increased exposure to inservice environments degrade fuel performance. In this article, the current status of each fuel system is reviewed, and technical challenges confronting the implementation of each fuel in the context of the entire advanced reactor fuel cycle (fabrication, reactor performance, recycle) are discussed.

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28

Bedont, P., O. Grillo, and A. F. Massardo. "Off-Design Performance Analysis of a Hybrid System Based on an Existing Molten Fuel Cell Stack." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 4 (2003): 986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1587742.

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This paper addresses the off-design analysis of a hybrid system (HS) based on the coupling of an existing Ansaldo Fuel Cells (formerly Ansaldo Ricerche) molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) stack (100 kW) and a micro gas turbine. The MCFC stack model at fixed design conditions has previously been presented by the authors. The present work refers to an off-design stack model, taking into account the influence of the reactor layout, current density, air and fuel utilization factor, CO2 recycle loop, cell operating temperature, etc. Finally, the design and off-design model of the whole hybrid system is presented. Efficiency at part load condition is presented and discussed, taking into account all the constraints for the stack and the micro gas turbine, with particular emphasis on CO2 recycle control.

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29

TAIWO, Temitope A., Samuel E. BAYS, Abdullatif M. YACOUT, et al. "Impacts of Heterogeneous Recycle in Fast Reactors on Overall Fuel Cycle." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 48, no. 4 (2011): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.2011.9711721.

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30

Seepana, Sivaji, and Sreenivas Jayanti. "Optimized enriched CO2 recycle oxy-fuel combustion for high ash coals." Fuel 102 (December 2012): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.04.029.

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31

Šuhaj, Patrik, Jakub Husár, and Juma Haydary. "Modelling of syngas production from municipal solid waste (MSW) for methanol synthesis." Acta Chimica Slovaca 10, no. 2 (2017): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2017-0019.

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AbstractApproximately 1 300 Gt of municipal solid waste (MSW) are produced worldwide every year. Most of it is disposed of in landfills, which is very hazardous for the environment. Up to 10 % of produced MSW are incinerated. However, incineration is not very effective and requires specific conditions for preventing emissions. Gasification and pyrolysis are more effective processes which can be used not only for heat and electricity generation but also for fuel and valuable chemicals production. MSW can be transformed into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) which has higher heat of combustion. Synthesis gas produced by RDF gasification can be utilised in methanol production. Methanol is a very lucrative chemical which can be used as renewable liquid fuel or as a reagent in organic syntheses. Gasifier design and process optimisation can be done using a reliable mathematical model. A good model can significantly decrease the number of experiments necessary for the gasification process design. In this work, equilibrium model for RDF gasification was designed in Aspen Plus environment and the flow of oxygen and steam as gasification agents were optimised to achieve the highest theoretical methanol yield. Impact of the recycle of unreacted steam and produced tar on the methanol yield was evaluated. The highest theoretical methanol yield (0.629 kgMEOH/kgRDF) was achieved when the steam and tar recycle were switched on, the ratio between oxygen and RDF feed was 0.423 kg/kg and that between the steam and RDF feed was 0.606 kg/kg. In this case, fresh steam represented only 12 % of the total steam fed to the reactor, the rest consisted of recycled steam. Optimal gasifier temperature was 900 °C.

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32

Baetslé, L. H., and Ch De Raedt. "Limitations of actinide recycle and fuel cycle consequences: a global analysis Part 1: Global fuel cycle analysis." Nuclear Engineering and Design 168, no. 1-3 (1997): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(96)01374-x.

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33

Yokoshiki, Tatsuo. "Development and Operation Results of Recycle Fuel Fired Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boiler." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 57, no. 5 (2003): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.57.633.

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34

Takano, H., H. Akie, T. Osugi, and T. Ogawa. "A concept of nitride fuel actinide recycle system based on pyrochemical reprocessing." Progress in Nuclear Energy 32, no. 3-4 (1998): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-1970(97)00031-0.

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35

Arie, K., M. Suzuki, M. Kawashima, et al. "Long-lived FP burning based on the actinide recycle metal fuel core." Progress in Nuclear Energy 32, no. 3-4 (1998): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-1970(97)00078-4.

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36

Collins, E. D., G. D. DelCul, B. B. Spencer, et al. "Process Development Studies for Zirconium Recovery/Recycle from used Nuclear Fuel Cladding." Procedia Chemistry 7 (2012): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2012.10.013.

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37

OJIMA, Hisao. "Development on FBR Fuel Reprocessing Technology. Recycle equipment test facility (RETF) project." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 36, no. 10 (1994): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.36.911.

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38

Mailen, J. C., and J. T. Bell. "Potential for the Use of Hydrochloric Acid in Fission Reactor Fuel Recycle." Separation Science and Technology 22, no. 2-3 (1987): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496398708068957.

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39

He, Ping, Yonggang Wang, and Haoshen Zhou. "A Li-air fuel cell with recycle aqueous electrolyte for improved stability." Electrochemistry Communications 12, no. 12 (2010): 1686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2010.09.025.

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40

Onofrei, M. "Sol-gel extrusion process for fabrication of (Th,U)O2 recycle fuel." Journal of Nuclear Materials 137, no. 3 (1986): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(86)90221-7.

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41

Zeng, Libin, Xinyong Li, Shiying Fan, et al. "The bioelectrochemical synthesis of high-quality carbon dots with strengthened electricity output and excellent catalytic performance." Nanoscale 11, no. 10 (2019): 4428–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr10510c.

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The emergence of microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology that can effectively recycle renewable energy from organic pollutants has been regarded as a promising and environmentally friendly route that could be widely used in numerous fields.

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42

El-Bishtawi, Ribhi, and No'man Haimour. "Claus recycle with double combustion process." Fuel Processing Technology 86, no. 3 (2004): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.04.001.

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43

Terayama, T., A. Momma, Y. Tanaka, T. Kato, and N. Hoshi. "Analysis of Transient Behavior of Fuel Reformer to Fuel Supply Variation in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems with Anode Off-Gas Recycle." ECS Transactions 68, no. 1 (2015): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06801.0315ecst.

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44

Iskandar, Taufik, Sinar Perbawani Abrina Anggraini, and Melinda Melinda. "Pembuatan Bahan Bakar Diesel dari Limbah Plastik HDPE dengan Proses Pirolisis." Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia 6, no. 1 (2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v6i1.2251.

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Indonesia menduduki posisi ke dua setelah cina penghasil sampah plastik terbesar di dunia. Dimana salah satu limbah plastik tersebut adalah HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). Sedangkan plastik merupakan produk hasil pengolahan minyak bumi yang dapat direcycle ke bentuk semulanya karena bahan baku pembuatan limbah plastik adalah nafta yang merupakan salah satu unsur dari minyak bumi. Salah satu solusi yang diperlukan adalah recycle dengan mengubah limbah plastik menjadi bahan bakar dengan proses pirolisis. Pirolisis merupakan salah satu proses terbaik dari recycle limbah plastik, dengan pertimbangan memahami sifat limbah plastik HDPE. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat pirolisis dengan variable suhu proses yaitu 300⸰C, 325⸰C, dan 350⸰C, waktu proses pirolisis yaitu 2 dan 4 jam. Dari proses pirolisis diperoleh hasil volume bahan bakar diesel yaitu pada suhu 300⸰C sebanyak 95 ml, suhu 325⸰C sebanyak 100 ml, dan suhu 350⸰C sebanyak 145 ml. Dari hasil analisa data optimal untuk suhu dan waktu optimum proses pirolisis limbah plastik HDPE yaitu pada suhu 325⸰C selama 2 jam, bahan bakar diesel yang didapat memiliki kadar abu 0,044 (b/b), dan kadar air 0,031(%vol). ABSTRACTIndonesia is in second place after China, the largest plastic waste producer in the world. Where one of the plastic wastes is HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene). Meanwhile, plastic is a product of petroleum processing that can be recycled to its original form because the raw material for making plastic waste is naphtha, which is an element of petroleum. One solution that is needed to recycle by converting plastic waste into fuel by the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is one of the best processes for recycling plastic waste, with consideration of understanding the nature of HDPE plastic waste. This study used a pyrolysis tool with process temperature variables, namely 300⸰C, 325⸰C, and 350⸰C, the pyrolysis process time was 2 and 4 hours. From the pyrolysis process, the results of the volume of diesel fuel are at a temperature of 300 ⸰C as much as 95 ml, a temperature of 325 C as much as 100 ml, and a temperature of 350 ⸰C as much as 145 ml. From the results of the optimal data analysis for the optimum temperature and time of the HDPE plastic waste pyrolysis process, which is at a temperature of 325⸰C for 2 hours, the obtained diesel fuel has an ash content of 0.044 (w / w), and a moisture content of 0.031 (vol%).

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Patterson, Bruce D., Frode Mo, Andreas Borgschulte, et al. "Renewable CO2 recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 25 (2019): 12212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902335116.

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A massive reduction in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning is required to limit the extent of global warming. However, carbon-based liquid fuels will in the foreseeable future continue to be important energy storage media. We propose a combination of largely existing technologies to use solar energy to recycle atmospheric CO2 into a liquid fuel. Our concept is clusters of marine-based floating islands, on which photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electrical energy to produce H2 and to extract CO2 from seawater, where it is in equilibrium with the atmosphere. These gases are then reacted to form the energy carrier methanol, which is conveniently shipped to the end consumer. The present work initiates the development of this concept and highlights relevant questions in physics, chemistry, and mechanics.

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SHIROISHI, Hidenobu, Shinjiro HAYASHI, Minoru YONEKAWA, Ryo SHOJI, Itaru KATO, and Masayuki KUNIMATSU. "Dissolution Rate of Noble Metals for Electrochemical Recycle in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." Electrochemistry 80, no. 11 (2012): 898–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.80.898.

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Borole, Abhijeet P., Jonathan R. Mielenz, Tatiana A. Vishnivetskaya, and Choo Y. Hamilton. "Controlling accumulation of fermentation inhibitors in biorefinery recycle water using microbial fuel cells." Biotechnology for Biofuels 2, no. 1 (2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-2-7.

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Tanaka, Yohei, Akihiko Momma, Katsutoshi Sato, and Tohru Kato. "Improvement of Electrical Efficiency of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Anode Gas Recycle." ECS Transactions 30, no. 1 (2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3562470.

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Li, Shuanghong, Chengjun Zhan, and Yupu Yang. "Control System Based on Anode Offgas Recycle for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4198954.

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The conflicting operation objectives between rapid load following and the fuel depletion avoidance as well as the strong interactions between the thermal and electrical parameters make the SOFC system difficult to control. This study focuses on the design of the decoupling control for the thermal and electrical characteristics of the SOFC system through anode offgas recycling (AOR). The decoupling control system can independently manipulate the thermal and electrical parameters, which interact with one another in most cases, such as stack temperatures, burner temperature, system current, and system power. Under the decoupling control scheme, the AOR is taken as a manipulation variable. The burner controller maintains the burner temperature without being affected by abrupt power change. The stack temperature controller properly coordinates with the burner temperature controller to independently modulate the stack thermal parameters. For the electrical problems, the decoupling control scheme shows its superiority over the conventional controller in alleviating rapid load following and fuel depletion avoidance. System-level simulation under a power-changing case is performed to validate the control freedom between the thermal and electrical characteristics as well as the stability, efficiency, and robustness of the novel system control scheme.

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Terayama, T., A. Momma, Y. Tanaka, and T. Kato. "Efficiency Gain of Single Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Using Anode Gas Recycle." ECS Transactions 65, no. 1 (2015): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06501.0199ecst.

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