Journal articles: 'Recycled cellulose fibre'

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Vicki., W. V., Taness Santhana Rajah, and S. Selvakumar. "Synthesis of cellulose from office waste paper and the effect on mechanical properties of cellulose/kenaf/epoxy composite." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818905002.

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Environmental and open public health aspects have an important and increasing role, especially in the exploration of natural fibers from recycle materials. The aim of this study is to synthesis cellulose from office waste paper and use it as a reinforcement filler to develop biocomposites. Epoxy reinforced kenaf fiber and cellulose composite were prepared in this study using polymer casting technique consisting of grinded kenaf fibre (natural fibre) 5% and epoxy 95% as reinforcement element. Cellulose was synthesized from recycled office papers and used as a filler to prepare cellulose/kenaf reinforced epoxy composite. Effect of cellulose to the mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. Samples were fabricated by weight percentage of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% of cellulose content. For mechanical properties impact test, Rockwell harness and tensile testings were conducted.

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Stevulova, Nadezda, Viola Hospodarova, Vojtech Vaclavik, Tomas Dvorsky, and Tomas Danek. "Characterization of cement composites based on recycled cellulosic waste paper fibres." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (November 10, 2018): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0046.

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AbstractNowadays, there is paying an attention to the utilization of natural, renewable and biodegradable resources of raw materials of lignocellulosic character, residues from agricultural crops and wood processing as well as waste from papermaking industry in building composite materials preparing. Also recycled fibres coming from waste paper are considered as valuable material. The objective of this study is to utilize these recycled cellulosic fibres into cement composites and characterise their impact on resulting physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened cement composites. Manufactured cement composites contained 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.5% addition of cellulosic fibres. In fresh fibre cement mixtures reduction in workability with increasing amount of cellulose fibres was noticed. Density as well as compressive and flexural strength of 28 and 90 days hardened fibre cement composites was tested. Distribution of cellulosic fibres with 0.5% addition in hardened fibre cement composites was also observed. The results of density determination of 28 and 90 days hardened fibre cement composites showed reduction in their values related to weight lighter concretes. Compressive strengths of fibre cement composites have shown decreasing character with increasing added amount of cellulosic fibres into the mixture up to 0.5%. Maximal decrease in compressive strength values was observed in composites containing 0.5% of cellulosic fibres. However, obtained strength parameter values of hardened composites had satisfying results for their application in construction as non-load bearing building material.

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Bentchikou, Mohamed, Salah Hanini, Kamel Silhadi, and Amor Guidoum. "Élaboration et étude d'un mortier composite à matrice minérale et fibres cellulosiques : application à l'isolation thermique en bâtiment." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-149.

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This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of adding recycled cellulose fibres on physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete composites. Results show an important decrease of density and thermal conductivity with an increase of fibre content. Compression and flexural strength decreased with fibre content, but remained within the standard range for hollow non-load-bearing concrete masonry (ASTM C109/C 109-95) for the maximum fibre content (15%).Key words: mortar composite, mineral matrix, cellulose fibre, thermal conductivity, mechanical strengths.

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Manian, Avinash P., Sophia Müller, Doris E. Braun, Tung Pham, and Thomas Bechtold. "Dope Dyeing of Regenerated Cellulose Fibres with Leucoindigo as Base for Circularity of Denim." Polymers 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 5280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235280.

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Circularity of cellulose-based pre- and post-consumer wastes requires an integrated approach which has to consider the characteristics of the fibre polymer and the presence of dyes and additives from textile chemical processing as well. Fibre-to-fibre recycling is a condition to avoid downcycling of recycled material. For cellulose fibres regeneration via production of regenerated cellulose fibres is the most promising approach. Textile wastes contain dyes and additives, thus a recycling technique has to be robust enough to process such material. In an ideal case the reuse of colorants can be achieved as well. At present nearly 80% of the regenerated cellulose fibre production utilises the viscose process, therefore this technique was chosen to investigate the recycling of dyed material including the reuse of the colorant. In this work, for the first time, a compilation of all required process steps to a complete circular concept is presented and discussed as a model. Indigo-dyed viscose fibres were used as a model to study cellulose recycling via production of regenerated cellulose fibres to avoid downcycling. Indigo was found compatible to the alkalisation and xanthogenation steps in the viscose process and blue coloured cellulose regenerates were recovered from indigo-dyed cellulose. A supplemental addition of reduced indigo to the cellulose solution was also found feasible to adjust colour depth in the regenerated cellulose to the level required for use as warp material in denim production. By combination of fibre recycling and indigo dyeing the conventional yarn dyeing in denim production can be omitted. Model calculations for the savings in water and chemical consumption demonstrate the potential of the process. The proportion of the substitution will depend on the collection rate of denim wastes and on the efficiency of the fibre regeneration process. Estimates indicate that a substitution of more than 70% of the cotton fibres by regenerated cellulose fibres could be achieved when 80% of the pre- and post-consumer denim wastes are collected. Therefore, the introduction of fibre recycling via regenerated cellulose fibres will also make a substantial impact on the cotton consumption for jeans production.

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Munashifah, Zurorotul, Heru Subaris Kasjono, and Bambang Suwerda. "Pemanfaatan Kertas Bekas, Serabut Kelapa (Socos nucifera) dan Kulit Singkong (Manihot utilissima) Untuk Pembuatan Kertas Daur Ulang." Jurnal Teknologi Kesehatan (Journal of Health Technology) 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/jtk.v14i2.372.

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Kalipoh Village, Ayah Discrit Kebumen, Regency is a waste-producing area such as waste paper, coconut fibre and cassava peels that have not been well managed. The impact of this waste can cause environmental health problems. These three types of waste have cellulose content that can be utilized to make recycled paper. This study aims to determine water absorption, tensile strength, and community acceptance with pre-experimental research design posttest only design analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the best water absorption strength and paper tensile strength were a variation of 1: 1: 2 with a yield of 76 mm and 2,683 N / mm. Whereas based on the result of physical test and public acceptance that recycle paper of variation I have a slightly coarse texture, the fibre is slightly visible and the pale; variation II has a coarse texture, visible fibre and pale colour, while variation III has a rather coarse texture, rather visible fibre and vibrant colour. The community also deeply appreciates the innovation of recycled paper making.

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Lawson, Lelia, Lauren M. Degenstein, Bronwyn Bates, Wade Chute, Dan King, and Patricia I. Dolez. "Cellulose Textiles from Hemp Biomass: Opportunities and Challenges." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 15337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215337.

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Worldwide demand for man-made cellulosic fibres (MMCF) are increasing as availability of cotton fibre declines due to climate change. Feedstock for MMCF include virgin wood, agricultural residues (e.g., straw), and pre- and post-consumer cellulosic materials high in alpha-cellulose content. Lyocell MMCF (L-MMCF) offer large advantages over other MMCF processes in terms of both environmental and social impacts: the solvent for cellulosic dissolution, n-methyl-morpholine-n-oxide, can be recycled, and the process utilizes non-toxic chemicals and low amounts of water. Hemp can be a preferential cellulosic feedstock for L-MMCF as hemp cultivation results in carbon dioxide sequestration, and it requires less water, fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides than other L-MMCF feedstock crops. These factors contribute to hemp being an environmentally conscious crop. The increased legalization of industrial hemp cultivation, as well as recent lifts on cannabis restrictions worldwide, allows accessibility to local sources of cellulose for the L-MMCF process. In addition, hemp biomass can offer a much larger feedstock for L-MMCF production per annum than other cellulosic sources, such as eucalyptus trees and bamboo. This paper offers perspectives on the agricultural, manufacturing, and economic opportunities and challenges of utilizing hemp biomass for the manufacturing of L-MMCF.

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Low, I. M., J. Somers, H. S. Kho, I. J. Davies, and B. A. Latella. "Fabrication and Properties of Recycled Cellulose Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites." Composite Interfaces 16, no. 7-9 (January 2009): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092764409x12477417562210.

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Coppola, Floriana, and Alberto Modelli. "Oxidative degradation of non-recycled and recycled paper." Cellulose 27, no. 15 (August 28, 2020): 8977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03395-0.

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Abstract The degradation of paper-based materials involves several and complex mechanisms, such as hydrolysis and oxidation. The behaviour of different types of pulps can be very variable. In this study, the difference upon oxidation of contemporary non-recycled and recycled papers, which now constitute a considerable fibre source, is investigated. A 0.015 M potassium periodate solution is used to oxidise five types of paper, two non-recycled and three recycled, for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h. The effects of such oxidation treatments are evaluated in terms of carbonyl content and degree of polymerisation (DP). A modified procedure of the Szabolcs’s method and viscometry are used to measure the carbonyl content and DP, respectively. The carbonyl groups are found to increase more rapidly in the recycled papers than in the non-recycled ones. On the contrary, oxidation causes a larger decrease of the DP values in the non-recycled papers, the paper made of pure cellulose being the most sensitive in terms of depolymerisation. The DP values measured for pure cellulose paper are in line with previously reported data. Moreover, in accordance with the Ekenstam equation, the plots of the reciprocal of DP as a function of oxidation time show good linear correlations for all types of paper investigated. Pseudo rate constants are thus calculated from the slopes of these plots, those of the non-recycled papers being found to be higher than those of the recycled papers. Graphic abstract

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Bates, Irena, Ivana Plazonić, Valentina Radić Seleš, and Željka Barbarić-Mikočević. "Determining the quality of paper substrates containing triticale pulp for printing industry." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0009.

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AbstractToday, the paper industry is faced with a global deficiency of raw wood materials, so alternative sources of virgin cellulose fibres are playing an important role in paper production. Agricultural countries produce large quantities of crop farming by-products such as straw, which is an interesting alternative raw material for cellulose fibres. Straw is used in many industries because of its numerous advantages: animal food industry, biofuel industry, construction industry and as artistic material. The potential use of straw production residues is of great importance in paper and printing industry. The focus of this research is on triticale straw, which was used as a non-wood fibre source for paper production. Namely, triticale straw was converted into semi-chemical pulp and was combined with recycled wood pulp in order to produce alternative laboratory papers. The usability of this kind of laboratory papers in printing industry was analysed based on line reproduction quality. This research evaluated and analysed line reproduction quality based on four line attributes: width, blurriness and raggedness. The results of this research proved that triticale pulp in laboratory papers has equal influence on line printing quality as the recycled wood pulp.

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Sarıkaya, Engin, and Hakan Demirel. "Development of cellulose-based toys with moulded fibre production method." BioResources 15, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 6902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.6902-6911.

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In this work, a toy was developed from bleached sulphate pulp via a moulded fibre production technique. Moulded fibre products are generally used to preserve main products from damage during transportation and stow them in a particular order. This work investigated the use of moulded fibre products in daily life as final products. Bleached softwood sulphate pulp was used for the experiments to avoid the potential hygiene problems of using recycled paper for toy production. The physical properties of different degrees of refined sulphate pulp were evaluated during toy sample production. The results indicated that toys produced with bleached softwood sulphate pulp had optimum compression strength (22 kpgf) at the 35 SR° freeness level. Produced prototypes satisfied EN 71-3:2013+A1(2014) in terms of migration element limits.

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Sommers, J., H. S. Kho, R. Al-Ghamedi, It Meng Low, Ian J. Davies, and Bruno A. Latella. "Mechanical and Physical Properties of Recycled Cellulose Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Eco-Composites." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.317.

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Epoxy composites reinforced with recycled cellulose fibre (RCF) have been synthesized and characterized. The reinforcement by RCF has resulted in a significant increase in the strain at break, fracture toughness and impact toughness but moderate increase in flexural strength and flexural modulus. The effect of seawater soaking on the flexural and impact properties has also been investigated. The micromechanisms of toughening and crack-tip failure processes are identified and discussed in the light of observed microstructures from in-situ and ex-situ fracture.

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Alamri, Hatem, and It Meng Low. "Characterization and Properties of Recycled Cellulose Fibre- Reinforced Epoxy-Hybrid Clay Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2624.

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In this paper, epoxy eco-composites reinforced with recycled cellulose fiber (RCF) and nano-fillers such as nano-clay platelets (30B) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), have been fabricated and investigated. The influences of RCF/nano-filler dispersion on the microstructure, physical and mechanical characteristics have been characterized. Results indicate that flexural strength decreased for the majority of study samples due to the poor dispersion of nano-fillers and the existence of voids within the samples. In contrast, impact toughness and fracture toughness were improved for all reinforced samples. The effect of water absorption was positive in terms of enhancing the impact toughness of the composites. Addition of nanoclay was found to increase the porosities of all nanocomposites.

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Bavasso, Irene, Claudia Sergi, Teodoro Valente, Jacopo Tirillò, and Fabrizio Sarasini. "Recycled Multi-Material Packaging Reinforced with Flax Fibres: Thermal and Mechanical Behaviour." Polymers 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 4423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204423.

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In this work, the use of a recycled mix stemming from the treatment of multilayer aseptic packaging used in the food and beverage industry is proposed as the matrix for short fibre composites reinforced with flax fibres, to generate value-added materials in contrast to the more common end-of-life scenario including energy recovery. This is expected to be a preferred choice in the waste hierarchy at the European level. A commercially available material (EcoAllene) obtained from multilayer packaging recycling was compounded with short flax fibres up to 30 wt.% by twin screw extrusion, with a view to enhancing its poor mechanical profile and broadening its applications. Composites were in depth analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, which highlighted the complex nature of this recycled product, a limited nucleation ability of flax fibres and a lower thermal stability due to the premature degradation of natural hemicellulose and cellulose, though featuring in any case onset degradation temperatures higher than 300 °C. Composites’ mechanical properties were assessed in tension, bending and impact conditions, with remarkable improvements over the neat matrix in terms of stiffness and strength. In particular, at 30 wt.% fibre content and with 5 wt.% of maleated coupling agent, an increase in tensile and flexural strength values by 92% and 138% was achieved, respectively, without compromising the impact strength. The effectiveness of flax fibres confirmed by dynamo-mechanical analysis is beneficial to the exploitation of these composites in automotive interiors and outdoor decking applications.

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Hult, Mathilda, and Sara Karlsmo. "Life Cycle Environmental and Cost Analysis of Building Insulated with Hemp Fibre Compared to Alternative Conventional Insulations – a Swedish Case Study." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 30, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30357.

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This study presents a comparative life cycle analysis (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) assessments of hemp fibre and conventional alternative insulations for the climate shell of a building. The conventional alternative insulations compared to the hemp fibre are cellulose and glass wool. The object of the analysis is a one-story single-family house, in Växjö, Sweden, and the lifetime of the house is set to 50 years. The LCA focuses on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) impact and the LCC during the lifetime of the different insulations for the building are calculated using the net present value method. The results show that the net GWP-impact for hemp fibre insulation is about 10 % lower and the cost is about 20 % higher than the conventional glass wool alternative. Furthermore, the analysis shows that cellulose insulation has slightly lower GWP-impact and nearly the same cost as the glass wool alternative. Sensitivity analyses regarding five different issues were performed and these show that: for cellulose coming from recycled paper, it contributed to less fossil emissions than non-recycled paper. If the data source for glass wool insulation is changed from environmental product declarations (EPD) to generic data, the greenhouse gas emissions increased. By replacing district heating system with geothermal heating system, fossil GWP-impacts also increased while the LCC analysis shows that operating costs is reduced. If the fuel is changed from diesel to electricity, fossil emissions are reduced over the life cycle of the building. If only part A1 – A5 is reported, as required for the Swedish climate declaration, the results point to the outcomes that glass wool insulation gives the least fossil GWP-impact while the hemp fibre gives the least net GWP-impact.

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Alamri, H., and I. M. Low. "Mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of recycled cellulose fibre reinforced epoxy composites." Polymer Testing 31, no. 5 (August 2012): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.04.002.

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Sârbu, T., and C. E. Stroe. "ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME HIGHTECH YARNS WITH DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS." TEXTEH Proceedings 2021 (September 22, 2021): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.38.

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We live in a knowledge-based society, which is facing an increasing impact of science and technology on all aspects of life through products, services and consumer needs. In the future, society will be oriented towards the individual and his needs, which will be more and more complex and varied. The present paper comparatively presents a series of variants of cotton fibre yarns: made of blended cotton fibres with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibres; yarns of cotton fibres blended with regenerated cellulose fibres, that were functionalized with Ag ions and yarns obtained from fibre blends of recycled organic cotton, virgin cotton with recovered cotton fibres in order to observe their mechanical potential. The built-in functionalities allow their use in areas such as healthcare and hygiene, sports and leisure activities. The recovery of textile waste in a circular approach and the transition to a circular economy is an important direction for research. The repercussions that the consumption of raw materials in the textile industry has, on the environment, as well as on sustainability, determine us to reason in a judicious way when we select the different materials that we use in making the products.

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Gane, Patrick, Katarina Dimić-Mišić, Nemanja Barać, Monireh Imani, Djordje Janaćković, Petar Uskoković, and Ernest Barceló. "Unveiling a Recycling-Sourced Mineral-Biocellulose Fibre Composite for Use in Combustion-Generated NOx Mitigation Forming Plant Nutrient: Meeting Sustainability Development Goals in the Circular Economy." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113927.

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NOx is unavoidably emitted during combustion in air at high temperature and/or pressure, which, if exceeding recommended levels, has a negative impact on the population. The authors found that when moist, limestone (CaCO3) readily sorbs NO2 to form calcium nitrate, which provides the basis for developing a surface flow filter. The substrate was made from “over-recycled” cellulose fibres such as newsprint, magazines, or packaging fibre, which are too weak to be used in further recycling. The substrate was specially-coated with fine-ground calcium carbonate and micro-nano-fibrillated cellulose, which was used as a binder and essential humectant to avoid formation of a stagnant air layer. Pre-oxidation countered the action of denitrification bacteria colonising the cellulose substrate. The by-product CO2 produced in situ during carbonate to nitrate conversion was adsorbed by perlite, which is an inert high surface-area additive. After use, the nitrate-rich CaCO3-cellulose-based filter was proposed to be mulched into a run-off resistant soil fertiliser and micronutrient suitable, e.g., for renewable forestry within the circular economy. Belgrade, Serbia, which is a highly polluted city, was used as a laboratory test bed, and NO2 was successfully removed from an inlet of city air. A construct of street-side self-draughting or municipal/commercial transport vehicle-exterior motion-draught filter boxes is discussed.

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Jincy P.J., Anita Das Ravindranath2, and U.S. Sarma. "Ecofriendly Organosolv Process for Pulping of Tender Coconut Fibre." CORD 31, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v31i1.64.

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The huge biomass generated by vendors of tender coconut is the broken husks refuse dumped along roads and highways in Kerala. These dumps become breeding grounds for diseased causing germs and carrier mosquitoes causing threat to human life. In order to avoid pollution and find use of the rejected biomass of tender husks, a study was carried out on pulping of tender coconut husk fibre which could be used for papermaking. The optimum pulping condition, the quality of the pulp and its yield was evaluated using different variables like time and temperature. It was observed that the organosolv process could efficiently remove lignin from the tender coconut fibre yielding maximum cellulose. During the traditional pulping processes such as Kraft pulping to isolate the cellulose fibers for the production of paper, the hemicellulose and lignin fractions are degraded, limiting their valorization possibilities. Organosolv pulping has been advocated as the environmentally benign version of the kraft process. Unlike other pretreatment methods, organic solvents can easily be recycled and reused. The lignin dissolved by organosolv pulping is easily recovered by dilution and is unsulphonated and relatively unmodified. Products like handmade paper, egg cartons, handicraft items, garden articles like paper pots could be made from the organasolv pulp of tender coconut husk fibre.

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Kaliappan, Nandagopal, Venkatesan Govindarajan, T. CH Anil Kumar, R. Vishnu Kumar, S. Muthukumaran, Maqusood Ahamed, Mahadeo A. Mahadik, and Mebratu Markos. "Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Behaviours of Polyester Resin Matrix from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate with Bamboo Fibre." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (March 10, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4233302.

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In this research article, we investigate the physical and mechanical properties of composites comprised of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with 10% to 40% volume of bamboo fibre (BF). Chemical evaluation of BF revealed that BF has a cellulose content of 49.86%, hemicellulose content of 25.17%, and lignin content of 7.14%. As the UPR’s different connections, FTIR identified an interconnecting framework between the styrene monomer (ST) and the unsaturated polyester (UP). It was found by TGA-DTG that there were two breakdown phases. UPR’s physical and mechanical properties were found to be affected by increasing the amount of fibre in the material, with the water absorption rising from 0.7% to 2.81% and the density (1214.38 to 1168.83 kg/m), flexural strength (51.81 to 28.92 MPa), flexural modulus (2.78 to 2.83 GPa), and tensile strength (9.71 to 3.86 MPa) all decreasing at the same time. On the other hand, the hardness increased from 82.4 Shore D to 67.9 Shore D. Fibre distribution flaws in the UPR were found, affecting the composites' mechanical characteristics. By repurposing two waste products, this study helps create new materials that are better for the surroundings.

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Harmsen, Paulien, Michiel Scheffer, and Harriette Bos. "Textiles for Circular Fashion: The Logic behind Recycling Options." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179714.

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For the textile industry to become sustainable, knowledge of the origin and production of resources is an important theme. It is expected that recycled feedstock will form a significant part of future resources to be used. Textile recycling (especially post-consumer waste) is still in its infancy and will be a major challenge in the coming years. Three fundamental problems hamper a better understanding of the developments on textile recycling: the current classification of textile fibres (natural or manufactured) does not support textile recycling, there is no standard definition of textile recycling technologies, and there is a lack of clear communication about the technological progress (by industry and brands) and benefits of textile recycling from a consumer perspective. This may hamper the much-needed further development of textile recycling. This paper presents a new fibre classification based on chemical groups and bonds that form the backbone of the polymers of which the fibres are made and that impart characteristic properties to the fibres. In addition, a new classification of textile recycling was designed based on the polymer structure of the fibres. These methods make it possible to unravel the logic and preferred recycling routes for different fibres, thereby facilitating communication on recycling. We concluded that there are good recycling options for mono-material streams within the cellulose, polyamide and polyester groups. For blended textiles, the perspective is promising for fibre blends within a single polymer group, while combinations of different polymers may pose problems in recycling.

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Alamri, H., and I. M. Low. "Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of nanoclay filled recycled cellulose fibre reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 44 (January 2013): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.08.026.

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Alhuthali, A., I. M. Low, and C. Dong. "Characterisation of the water absorption, mechanical and thermal properties of recycled cellulose fibre reinforced vinyl-ester eco-nanocomposites." Composites Part B: Engineering 43, no. 7 (October 2012): 2772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.04.038.

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Alamri, H., and I. M. Low. "Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of n-SiC filled recycled cellulose fibre reinforced epoxy eco-nanocomposites." Polymer Testing 31, no. 6 (September 2012): 810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.06.001.

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Piribauer, Benjamin, Uta Jenull-Halver, Felice Quartinello, Wolfgang Ipsmiller, Thomas Laminger, Daniel Koch, and Andreas Bartl. "TEX2MAT – NEXT LEVEL TEXTILE RECYCLING WITH BIOCATALYSTS." Detritus, no. 13 (November 30, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.14030.

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Achieving a circular economy for end-of-life textiles is one of the big challenges in the textile industry. Currently, after disposal, textiles often end up in landfills or in incineration plants. Over the last years, the textile industry exhibited high growth rates and the annual global fibre production is reaching 100 Million t. It also has to be considered that textile products are increasingly becoming more complex, to fulfill special functionality resulting in the use of multi-material textiles. However, these textiles are hard to recycle. The TEX2MAT project is a FFG (Austrian Research Promotion Agency) promoted project conducted by a consortium of 13 research institutions and private businesses that offers a solution. The goal was to develop an innovative process for the material recycling of selected multi-material textile streams. In multiple case studies, pre- and post-consumer cotton/polyester textiles from the Austrian SME sector were investigated to close the material cycle from raw material back to raw material. The case studies used a new approach involving the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. This way cotton can be converted into glucose and polyester remains as the only polymer and is thus accessible for a rather easy recycling process. The obtained glucose can be used as raw material for different platform chemicals. The project team successfully demonstrated the functionality of the whole processing chain, by complete removal of the cotton from the textile, and weaving of new towels with the recycled polyester.

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Zheng, Chao, Dongfang Li, and Monica Ek. "Improving fire retardancy of cellulosic thermal insulating materials by coating with bio-based fire retardants." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 34, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-0031.

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Abstract Sustainable thermal insulating materials produced from cellulosic fibers provide a viable alternative to plastic insulation foams. Industrially available, abundant, and inexpensive mechanical pulp fiber and recycled textile fiber provide potential raw materials to produce thermal insulating materials. To improve the fire retardancy of low-density thermal insulating materials produced from recycled cotton denim and mechanical pulp fibers, bio-based fire retardants, such as sulfonated kraft lignin, kraft lignin, and nanoclays, were coated onto sustainable insulating material surfaces to enhance their fire retardancy. Microfibrillated cellulose was used as a bio-based binder in the coating formula to disperse and bond the fire-retardant particles to the underlying thermal insulating materials. The flammability of the coated thermal insulating materials was tested using a single-flame source test and cone calorimetry. The results showed that sulfonated kraft lignin-coated cellulosic thermal insulating materials had a better fire retardancy compared with that for kraft lignin with a coating weight of 0.8 kg/m2. Nanoclay-coated samples had the best fire retardancy and did not ignite under a heat flux of 25 kW/m2, as shown by cone calorimetry and single-flame source tests, respectively. These cost-efficient and bio-based fire retardants have broad applications for improving fire retardancy of sustainable thermal insulating materials.

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Domingue, B. M. F., D. W. Dellow, and T. N. Barry. "Voluntary intake and rumen digestion of a low-quality roughage by goats and sheep." Journal of Agricultural Science 117, no. 1 (August 1991): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960007903x.

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SUMMARYPrairie grass (Bromus catharticus) straw (13·7 g N/kg DM) was fed ad libitum to six goats and seven sheep kept in metabolism cages at Palmerston North, New Zealand in 1986 and 1987.Goats had greater voluntary feed intake (VFI) (56 v. 36 g DM/kg W0·75 per day), greater apparent DM digestibility (36·8 v. 32·6%) and a larger rumen pool of DM and liquid (W0·75) than sheep. Goats also had greater apparent digestibility of fibre, especially of lignin, and greater rumen fractional degradation rates (FDR) of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Goats had a higher rumen ammonia concentration (115 v. 80 mg N/l), lower rumen pH (6·73 v. 6·90), a smaller proportion of large particles and greater proportion of small particles in rumen contents than sheep. Passage through a 1 mm sieve was established as the threshold particle size to have a high probability of leaving the rumen in both goats and sheep. Voluntary water intake/unit DM consumed was lower in goats than in sheep and, whilst rumen fractional outflow rate (FOR) of water and particulate matter also tended to be lower in goats, the difference was not significant. Irreversible loss rate of rumen NH3 and the amount of N calculated as recycled to the rumen, both expressed as mg N/kg W0·75 per day, were greater for goats than for sheep.It was concluded that the ability of goats to maintain a higher rumen NH3, concentration than sheep, their larger rumen pool and the higher proportion of small particles in rumen contents were all contributing factors to their greater VFI and fibre digestion of this low-quality roughage.

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UMIT HALIS, ERDOGAN, DURAN HICRAN, and SELLI FIGEN. "Recycling of cellulose from vegetable fiber waste for sustainable industrial applications." Industria Textila 70, no. 01 (March 1, 2019): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.01.1553.

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Recently two significant topics that became important for textile industry namely ‘providing sustainability by reusing of textile wastes’ and ‘developing high-valued new textile raw materials. Cellulose, which is a fascinating polymer, has been used for years as a raw material to obtain various products such as papers, fibers and films. In this study, it is aimed to provide sustainability with recycling of cellulose from waste jute fibers, considering the amount of waste jute weft yarns released in the production process of machine carpets. For this purpose, pre-cleaning of waste fibers was carried out at first, and then extraction of cellulose was accomplished, and finally characterization of recycled cellulose was performed. Organic acid extraction method was effective for isolation of cellulose from waste fibers with 43.65% yield performance. Microscopic and experimental analyses confirmed that non-cellulosic part of waste fibers were removed successfully and recycled cellulose has similar structure with control cellulose. Our results suggest that, waste vegetable fibers can be used as a potential source for cellulose. Recycled cellulose can be used in the production of paper, composites, regenerated cellulose fibers and other industrial applications.

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Mestnikov, A. E., and V. I. Fedorov. "Analysis of the Structure of Cellulose Fibers Using the Imagej Program and Fibercement Properties on their Basis." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.259.

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This article presents the results of an experimental study of the effect of morphometric parameters of secondary cellulose fiber from various brands of waste paper on the strength characteristics of cement stone. The article is based on the results of determining the morphometric parameters of cellulose fibers. Visual analysis of microphotographs of cellulosic fibers showed that the smallest fractions of fibers were obtained from newspaper waste paper of grade MS-8V. A causal relationship has been established between the fiber content and the strength of an incident stone. It was found that samples with a content of cellulose fibers of 0.5-0.75% of the mass of cement have high strength. The most durable were samples with the addition of cellulosic fibers based on newspaper recycled paper MS-8V.

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Števulová, Nadežda, Viola Hospodarova, Vojtěch Václavík, and Tomáš Dvorský. "Physico-Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Fiber-Cement Mortars." Key Engineering Materials 838 (April 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.838.31.

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This paper is aimed to investigate the total sand filler replacement by two types of cellulosic fibers (bleached wood pulp - WP and recycled fibers from waste paper - RF) in cement-based mortars. Two different types of cement mortar, one with addition of finely ground limestone and other with powdered granulated slag, were mixed with fibers. The changes in consistency of fresh fiber cement mortars and development of compressive and flexural strength of mortars in dependence on hardening time up to 90 days was studied. The development of compressive and flexural strength with increasing hardening time of cellulose fiber mortars and two binders with different properties confirmed that binder mixtures containing finely ground slag and recycled cellulose fibers achieved higher values of these strength parameters. Also adhesion testing of fiber cement mortars on two substrates (ceramic fitting and aerated concrete block) after 28 days of their application showed better adhesion of cement mortars with finely ground granulated slag on the ceramic fitting surface compared to the mortars containing finely ground limestone. However, any cracks have occurred on both substrates during the maturing of mortars with slag. Based on the above facts, it can be concluded that suitable plaster mixtures for their use in the interior appear the cement recipes with both cellulose fibers (wood pulp and fibers from recycled waste paper) and with finely ground limestone.

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Stevulova, Nadezda, Vojtech Vaclavik, Viola Hospodarova, and Tomáš Dvorský. "Recycled Cellulose Fiber Reinforced Plaster." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 2986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112986.

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This paper aims to develop recycled fiber reinforced cement plaster mortar with a good workability of fresh mixture, and insulation, mechanical and adhesive properties of the final hardened product for indoor application. The effect of the incorporation of different portions of three types of cellulose fibers from waste paper recycling into cement mortar (cement/sand ratio of 1:3) on its properties of workability, as well as other physical and mechanical parameters, was studied. The waste paper fiber (WPF) samples were characterized by their different cellulose contents, degree of polymerization, and residues from paper-making. The cement to waste paper fiber mass ratios (C/WPF) ranged from 500:1 to 3:1, and significantly influenced the consistency, bulk density, thermal conductivity, water absorption behavior, and compressive and flexural strength of the fiber-cement mortars. The workability tests of the fiber-cement mortars containing less than 2% WPF achieved optimal properties corresponding to plastic mortars (140–200 mm). The development of dry bulk density and thermal conductivity values of 28-day hardened fiber-cement mortars was favorable with a declining C/WPF ratio, while increasing the fiber content in cement mortars led to a worsening of the water absorption behavior and a lower mechanical performance of the mortars. These key findings were related to a higher porosity and weaker adhesion of fibers and cement particles at the matrix-fiber interface. The adhesion ability of fiber-cement plastering mortar based on WPF samples with the highest cellulose content as a fine filler and two types of mixed hydraulic binder (cement with finely ground granulated blast furnace slag and natural limestone) on commonly used substrates, such as brick and aerated concrete blocks, was also investigated. The adhesive strength testing of these hardened fiber-cement plaster mortars on both substrates revealed lime-cement mortar to be more suitable for fine plaster. The different behavior of fiber-cement containing finely ground slag manifested in a greater depth of the plaster layer failure, crack formation, and in greater damage to the cohesion between the substrate and mortar for the observed time.

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Pascacio-Villafán, Carlos, Luis Quintero-Fong, Larissa Guillén, José Pedro Rivera-Ciprian, Reynaldo Aguilar, and Martín Aluja. "Pupation Substrate Type and Volume Affect Pupation, Quality Parameters and Production Costs of a Reproductive Colony of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) VIENNA 8 Genetic Sexing Strain." Insects 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12040337.

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Adequate pupation substrates and substrate volume are critical factors in the mass-rearing of insects for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) applications. To identify an ideal pupation substrate for a reproductive colony of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) VIENNA 8 genetic sexing strain, we first examined pupation in cellulose from recycled paper (cellulose I), sawdust, fine wheat bran, vermiculite and coconut fiber using a volume of 2.5–12.5 mL of substrate for each 5 mL volume of fly larvae. We found a positive relationship between substrate volume and pupation, with cellulose I generating the highest proportions of pupation and coconut fiber the lowest. Higher proportions of female flies (white pupae) pupated in sawdust. The proportion of female fliers increased as substrate volume rose in sawdust and coconut fiber, whereas it decreased in vermiculite and cellulose. In a second experiment, we tested three types of cellulose differing in physicochemical characteristics (celluloses I, II and III), sawdust, and fine wheat bran using a substrate:larvae ratio of 1:1. The three types of cellulose produced the highest pupation levels. The highest proportions of female fliers were observed in sawdust, and cellulose types III and II. Cellulose III and sawdust at relatively low volumes were more cost-effective to produce one million pupae than other substrates, including fine wheat bran used in a mass-rearing facility in Mexico.

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Fedorov, Valeriy, and Aleksey Mestnikov. "Influence of cellulose fibers on structure and properties of fiber reinforced foam concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814302008.

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One of the promising means of foamed concrete quality improvement is micro-reinforcement by adding synthetic and mineral fibers to the base mix. This research is the first to investigate peculiarities of using recycled cellulose fiber extracted from waste paper for obtaining fiber reinforced foam concrete. The paper presents results of experimental research on the influence of cellulose fibers on structure and properties of fiber reinforced foam concrete by using methods of chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The research determines peculiarities of new formations appearance and densification of binder hydration products in the contact zone between fiber and cement matrix, which boost mechanical strength of fiber reinforced foam concrete. Physico-mechanical properties of fiber reinforced foam concrete were defined depending on the amount of recycled cellulose fiber added to the base mix. It was found that the use of recycled cellulose fibers allows obtaining structural thermal insulating fiber reinforced foam concretes of non-autoclaved hardening of brand D600 with regard to mean density with the following improved properties: compressive strength increased by 35% compared to basic samples, higher stability of foamed concrete mix and decreased shrinkage deformation.

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Hospodarova, Viola, Eva Singovszka, and Nadežda Števulová. "Characterization of Cellulosic Fibres Properties for their Using in Composites." Solid State Phenomena 244 (October 2015): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.244.146.

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Nowadays, the material recycling is growing trend in development of building materials and therefore using of secondary raw materials for production of new building materials. Transition from application non-renewable sources of raw materials to renewable raw materials in terms of sustainable composite is required. Renewable raw materials include organic sources of raw materials coming from natural plant fibres. This material is used to contribute environmental protection and to save non-renewable resources of raw materials. Wood fibres and cellulose fibres made from waste paper were selected for reinforcing cement-based materials. Application of cellulosic fibres into composites depends on their properties. Therefore, this paper is aimed to study of morphology and properties of cellulosic fibres. The comparison of strength parameters of 28 days hardened composites with 5% adding bleached wood and unbleached recycled fibres with those of reference composite without fibres showed that the values of compressive strength of fibrous cement based specimens were lower by 17 to 29 %.

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Gorzelańczyk, Tomasz, Krzysztof Schabowicz, and Mateusz Szymków. "Tests of Fiber Cement Materials Containing Recycled Cellulose Fibers." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122758.

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This paper presents the results of investigations into the effect of the use of recycled waste paper cellulose fibers on the properties of fiber cement boards subjected to contamination by moisture. Four series of fiber cement boards were tested. A reference fiber cement board manufactured without the use of recycled cellulose fibers constituted as one of the series. The other three series consisted of boards differing in their recycled cellulose fiber content-ranging from 10% to 50% of the total cellulose fiber content. Specimens of the fiber cement boards were subjected to contamination by moisture by storing them in water for 1–96 h. Subsequently, their basic physical and mechanical parameters, i.e., mass moisture content, absorbability, and modulus of rupture (MOR), were tested. Then, the specimens were investigated by means of acoustic emission during three-point bending. Artificial neural networks were employed to analyze the acoustic emission test results. The tests clearly showed the amount of recycled waste paper cellulose fibers and the length of storage in water to have an adverse effect on the boards, contributing to their degradation. This was reflected in the decrease of the acoustic emission (AE) events count recognized by the artificial neural networks, accompanying the rupture of fibers during the three-point bending of the specimens. In order to gain a more detailed insight into the changes taking place in the structure of the tested fiber cement boards, optical examinations were carried out by means of a scanning electron microscope. Interesting findings crucial for building practice were noted.

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BAGHERI, SHAKIBA, MEHDI RAHMANINIA, and RABI BEHROOZ. "PERFORMANCE OF UREA/NaOH AS A GREEN SOLVENT IN DISSOLVING RECYCLED CELLULOSIC FIBER FINES RESIDUES." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 55, no. 9-10 (December 3, 2021): 971–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.83.

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Using lignocellulosic materials for producing more value-added bioproducts is an attractive mission. Fiber fines, which represent an important part of the wastes generated by paper recycling mills, have been considered in the current research. Dissolving these lignocellulosic residues in environmentally friendly and inexpensive solvents can be a great achievement. For this purpose, the performance of urea/sodium hydroxide in dissolving printing and writing pulp (RPW) fines was investigated. Although using sodium hydroxide alone had a positive effect on the dissolution of recycled printing and writing pulp (RPWP) fines, the addition of urea increased the dissolution of fines from 23% to 56%. Different levels of urea consumption had no significant effect on the dissolving process. The performance of the urea/sodium hydroxide system in dissolving fines suspensions with different concentration (1, 3 and 5%) showed that reducing the concentration leads to an increase in fines dissolution (56, 36 and 7%, respectively). The results of FTIR confirmed the presence of cellulose without any hemicelluloses and lignin in the dissolving part. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis of soluble cellulose showed that the type-I cellulose structure probably changed to type-II cellulose. No reduction in the DP of dissolved cellulose and the integrated structure of the final cellulosic film confirmed by the FE-SEM images affirmed the successful dissolution of the RPWP fines in this system.

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Hospodarova, Viola, Nadezda Stevulova, Jozef Junak, Anton Geffert, Frantisek Kacik, and Jaroslav Briancin. "Cement Materials Based on Cellulosic Fibers for Plasters." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2017-0004.

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Abstract This paper presents physical and mechanical properties of cementitious composites/plasters containing cellulosic fibers in portion 2.0% and 5.0% of filler replacement after 28 days of hardening. Cellulosic fibers (Greencel) originated from bleached wood pulp and unbleached waste paper used in this experimental work were characterized from the point of view cellulose structure. Experimental investigations reveal that adding cellulosic fibers reduces composites density (up to 8.2 %) in comparison with composites without any fibers. Moreover, the presence of wood pulp and recycled fibers in composites cause higher values of water absorbability than sample without fibers. Also, the decrease in compressive strength values for tested fiber cement plasters was observed (14.1 - 18.0 MPa) in comparison to reference sample (26.6 MPa). But the identified compressive strength values are in accordance with European standard (5 MPa) for plasters.

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Wang, Liang, and Miguel Sánchez-Soto. "Green bio-based aerogels prepared from recycled cellulose fiber suspensions." RSC Advances 5, no. 40 (2015): 31384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02981c.

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Chakartnarodom, Parinya, Sarunya Wanpen, Wichit Prakaypan, Edward A. Laitila, and Nuntaporn Kongkajun. "Development of High-Performance Fiber Cement: A Case Study in the Integration of Circular Economy in Product Design." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912263.

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A new fiber cement (FC) is designed with the integration of circular economy (CE) concepts, in particular a product that is recyclable yet maintains performance. The FC samples were prepared from the mixtures of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), sand, and cellulose fibers, and required an inclusion compound (IC) and water. From the heat of hydration tests, the most effective IC, IC1, was prepared from lithium silicate, sodium thiocyanate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, and hydrochloric acid. The FC samples were recycled by crushing and grinding, then used as sand replacement in varying amounts to produce new FC samples. The results from the mechanical tests showed that the 50%replacement of the sand provided FC samples with the highest modulus of rupture (MOR) of 10.64 MPa and a modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 7706.40 MPa. The samples with/without the recycled product passed both the freeze–thaw resistance test and flammability test for durability. Most importantly, results showed that the mechanical properties of the produced FC samples remained the same over 5 to 50 recycles.

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Jamnongkan, T., N. Boonjuban, J. Sangkhachat, A. Wattanakornsiri, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Mechanical Properties of Biocomposite Films Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) Reinforced with Cellulose Fibers." Solid State Phenomena 280 (August 2018): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.410.

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In this paper, we intended to study and improve the mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites with cellulose fibers from recycled newspapers. The influence of cellulose fiber content on tensile mechanical properties and swelling behavior of biocomposite films were investigated. In addition, the morphological property of biocomposite films was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the cellulose fibers have directly affected to the swelling behavior of biocomposite films. In addition, it was found that the cellulose fibers were found embedded between PLA matrices, which resulting to the improvement and increase the mechanical properties of biocomposite films. These findings illustrate that the cellulose fibers from recycled newspaper possesses good fillers and could be a good alternative reinforcement for biopolymer composites.

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Kalyoncu, Evren Ersoy, and Emrah Peşman. "Bacterial cellulose as reinforcement in paper made from recycled office waste pulp." BioResources 15, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 8496–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.8496-8514.

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Bacterial cellulose, produced during fermentation of Kombucha tea, was investigated relative to its ability to modify the characteristics of pulp from recycled office wastepaper. The produced bacterial cellulose wet films were dispersed and added rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% to the recycled office wastepaper. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, scanning electron microscopy images and thermogravimetric analysis values were determined in order to characterize the pulp samples. The results of these analyses showed similar changes as the amount of added bacterial cellulose increased, which also meant an increased amount of filler attaching to the fiber matrix. The burst index and tensile index values were protected while the tear index value partially decreased as the amount of added bacterial cellulose increased. The brightness values of the bacterial cellulose reinforced papers did not change after thermal aging, while the changes in the yellowness values were quite limited. Higher water absorption rates, and lower air permeability values were obtained from bacterial cellulose reinforced recycled office wastepaper sheets, which corresponded to the addition of increased bacterial cellulose amounts. Considering the mechanical and physical properties of the reinforced paper, bacterial cellulose represents a promising alternative for the reinforcement of office wastepaper.

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NGUYEN, KHOA DANG. ""CELLULOSE HYDROGEL FIBRE FROM NIPA PALM (NYPA FRUTICANS) SHELL USED FOR ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM WASTEWATER "." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 56, no. 7-8 (September 28, 2022): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2022.56.79.

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Cellulose was chemically extracted from nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) shell, which was used to prepare hydrogel fibre and applied as an environment-friendly adsorbent for methylene blue. The purified cellulose was dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), with the addition of 6% lithium chloride (LiCl), at room temperature for 5 days. Then, the cellulose solution was coagulated by the phase inversion process under ethanol vapor to obtain cellulose hydrogel fibre. The adsorption results showed that when the initial concentration of the methylene blue solution was increased from 20 to 100 mg/L at pH 10, the adsorption capacity also rose from 3 to 11.53 mg/g after 15-minute immersion. In addition, the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was well-fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorbed amount was 13.23 mg/g. Furthermore, the cellulose hydrogel fibre showed high reusability, as the removal efficiency of methylene blue remained at a level of approximately 80% after five recycles.

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Ma, Y., M. Hummel, I. Kontro, and H. Sixta. "High performance man-made cellulosic fibres from recycled newsprint." Green Chemistry 20, no. 1 (2018): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc02896b.

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Samat, Noorasikin, Nurul Hakimah Mohd Lazim, S. N. R. Motsidi, and Noor Azlina Hassan. "Performance Properties of Irradiated Recycled Polypropylene as a Compatibilizer in Recycled Polypropylene/Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites." Materials Science Forum 894 (March 2017): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.894.62.

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Effects of irradiated rPP compatibilizer, on the mechanical and thermal properties of recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites (rPP/MCC), are investigated. rPP is irradiated with an electron beam at dosages ranging from 10, 20, 30 to 50kGy. A matrix, containing of unirradiated and irradiated rPP (50:50 by ratio), is then added to 5, 20 and 40wt% MCC fibres. The composites are prepared using a twin screw extruder, followed by injection moulding. The properties are then characterized using tensile and thermal degradation tests. The improvement of Young’s modulus by up to about 45% suggests a compatibilising effect of the irradiated rPP. Fracture surface observations reveal an adhesion between rPP matrix and MCC fibres. However, the thermal stability deteriorated with the addition of MCC and irradiated rPP.

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Dienes, D., A. Egyházi, and K. Réczey. "Treatment of recycled fiber with Trichoderma cellulases." Industrial Crops and Products 20, no. 1 (July 2004): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.12.009.

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45

Serra, Albert, Quim Tarrés, Miquel Llop, Rafel Reixach, Pere Mutjé, and Francesc X. Espinach. "Recycling dyed cotton textile byproduct fibers as polypropylene reinforcement." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 11 (July 11, 2018): 2113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518786278.

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The textile industry generates a large amount of byproducts that must be treated before being recycled or disposed of. The treatments to extract the dyeing agents are mandatory, and involve costs and interaction with toxic reagents. A relevant amount of such byproducts are short cotton dyed fibers. Cotton fibers are high-quality cellulosic fibers and can be used as composite reinforcement. In this paper, dyed cotton fibers were used to formulate, obtain and tensile test composite materials. The impact of the presence of dyes was studied and such dyes enhanced the interphase between the matrix and the reinforcement. On the other hand, when a coupling agent was incorporated to the formulation of the composites, the dyes hindered the chemical interactions between the maleic acid and the OH groups of the cellulosic fibers. Nonetheless, the composite materials showed competitive mechanical properties that were better than other natural fiber-reinforced composites and comparable to some glass fiber-based ones. Dyed cotton fibers can be used as reinforcement without further treatment, increasing the value chain of the textile industry and decreasing the chemical treatments necessary to recycle or dispose of dyed textile fibers.

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Reif, Martina, Jitka Peterková, and Jiri Zach. "Possibilities of Using Natural Fibres for Production of Particular Insulation for Use in Civil Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 1124 (September 2015): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1124.111.

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The paper deals with the development options of particular insulation based on a blend of recycled cellulose fibers and natural (mainly) bast fibers. The paper presents the results of research work in the field of addiction thermal insulation, acoustic and mechanical properties of experimentally produced insulators on density..Keywords: Natural fibers, thermal conductivity, insulation materials, straw, fibreboard, cellulose fibers

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Sriprom, Wilasinee, Adilah Sirivallop, Aree Choodum, Wadcharawadee Limsakul, and Worawit Wongniramaikul. "Plastic/Natural Fiber Composite Based on Recycled Expanded Polystyrene Foam Waste." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 2241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112241.

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A novel reinforced recycled expanded polystyrene (r-EPS) foam/natural fiber composite was successfully developed. EPS was recycled by means of the dissolution method using an accessible commercial mixed organic solvent, while natural fibers, i.e., coconut husk fiber (coir) and banana stem fiber (BSF) were used as reinforcement materials. The treatment of natural fibers with 5% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution reduces the number of –OH groups and non-cellulose components in the fibers, more so with longer treatments. The natural fibers treated for 6 h showed rough surfaces that provided good adhesion and interlocking with the polymer matrix for mechanical reinforcement. The tensile strength and impact strength of r-EPS foam composites with treated fibers were higher than for non-filled r-EPS foam, whereas their flexural strengths were lower. Thus, this study has demonstrated an alternative way to produce recycled polymer/natural fiber composites via the dissolution method, with promising enhanced mechanical properties.

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Atmaja, Wawan, Zulnazri Zulnazri, Agam Muarif, and Willy W. "HDPE Recycled Plastic Composite with Cellulose Fiber Filler Based on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 1, no. 4 (November 16, 2021): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v1i4.252.

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Composite is an advanced material product that has better mechanical properties than a single material and has high tensile strength; it can be applied to the construction of boat walls, car dashboards, electronic casings, and others. This study examines the composite quality of HDPE recycled plastic using cellulose fiber-based on Empty Palm Oil Bunches (TKKS), which is processed through an extruder and injection melt blending system. The method used is mixing plastic and fiber materials with a roll mill and blending with an extruder. Cellulose fiber was dissolved with compatibilizer maleic anhydrous (MAH) 2.5% as much as 20 mL, stirred until smooth, and HDPE plastic was dissolved with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 0.5% 10 mL. The composite was molded with hot pores at 160-170 ᴼC. The tensile test shows the strength of HDPE composite (90: 10) is 27.0 Mpa with maximum load reaching 274 N, HDPE composite (80: 20) is 26.0 MPa with full load 258 N, HDPE composite (70: 30) is 320.0 MPa with a maximum load of 316 N. SEM shows the surface structure of the fiber-compatible HDPE composite. Functional group analysis showed that HDPE composites had O-H and C-O-C functional groups derived from lignocellulosic OPEFB material. The appearance of these two peaks indicates a compatible interaction between the HDPE matrix and cellulose. DSC shows that HDPE composites have a degradation temperature of up to 260 ᴼC and a decomposition temperature of 493.45 ᴼC. This temperature indicates that the HDPE-cellulose composite can withstand heat until it decomposes at a temperature of 493 45 oC.

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Ionescu, Ştefania Miţa, and Petronela Nechita. "Thermo-Insulating Panels Based on Composite Structures from Vegetal Fibres and Polymeric Matrix." Advanced Materials Research 1143 (February 2017): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1143.154.

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The study presents the experimental results on the use of composite structures based on vegetal fibres and polymeric matrix for obtaining thermoisolant panels for buildings. The use of the natural materials brings important contributions to human health but also to air protection. As vegetable fibers, hashed hemp, paper offals and recycled cellulose fiber were used in combination with formaldehyde resins and consolidation agent. The obtained samples were pressed at 50 bar and dried at environmental temperature. The testing of the samples was made for determining the coefficient of thermal conductivity, the base characteristic of the thermoisolant materials, and the thermal resistance. The obtained results led to the conclusion that these materials can be used as the filling material structure of the thermoisolant panels.

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Ngadiman, Norhayati, Masiri Kaamin, Aslila Abd. Kadir, Suhaila Sahat, Aziza Zaini, Siti Raihana Nor Zentan, Nur Ain Ahmad, and Wan Haizatul Aisyhah Wan Amran. "Panel Board From Coconut Fibre And Pet Bottle." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183401014.

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Abstract:

The rate of global deforestation and its impact on the environment has led particle board manufacture to search for alternative feedstock, especially in countries where wood is less available compared to other cellulosic natural product. Based on the properties of coconut fibre and PET bottle, these two materials can be recycle as raw material for manufacture of panel board. As for this study, the coconut fibre were used as the filler and PET bottle as outer lining of the panel board. Two types of coconut fibre were used which are grinding and un-grinding coconut fibre. At first, the coconut fibre are undergoes softening, grinding, drying and sieving process, while PET bottle was cleaning, shredding, sieving before compacted using hydraulic hot press machine. There are four types of testing that been carried out which are swelling, water absorption, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR). The result show the conventional board has the highest value for MOE test, so it’s indicate that the conventional board is less strength from the coconut fibre board. As for water absorption test, the average water absorption of coconut fibre based panel board is less than conventional board. Overall, the coconut fibre board is better than conventional panel board because coconut fibre board are less swelling, has low water absorption, high modulus of rupture and low modulus of elasticity. Based on the finding, this coconut fibre panel board has potential as a stronger and long-lasting panel board than the conventional board in the market. Other than that, the panel also have their own aesthetic value since the recycled plastic bottle used as outer lining is colourful and giving aesthetic value.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Recycled cellulose fibre'

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