Academic literature on the topic 'Recycling glass'

Composites are the materials which can be used for a wide variety of applications andproducts such as sports equipment, aerospace and marine because of light and stiffnessproperties. Composites are often made from thermoset resin with glass fibers.In this study, two ways of recycling composites were evaluated, which are microwavepyrolysed composites (MGC) and mechanical composites (GC). These glass fibers weregoing to be compounded with Polypropylene (PP) or Maleic Anhydride ModifiedPolypropylene (MAPP) and then injection moulded the sample by Micro-compounder.In order to get better adhesion to the polymer, a coating was added. The Neoxil 5682-polypropylene water emulsion was evaluated.The samples were characterized by Tensile Testing, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA),Different Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) to find aoptimum combination of recycled glass fiber reinforced polymer.Microwave pyrolysis is a new research area. The glass fiber, polymer oil and gas can beobtained by heating the composite with microwaves to in an inert atmosphere. The polymeroil can be distillated and then evaluated with GC-MS; in order to obtain the chemicalcompositions.Keywords: Composites, grinded and microwave pyrolyse composites (MGC), grindedcomposites (GC), Polypropylene (PP), Maleic Anhydride Modified Polypropylene (MAPP),Micro-compounder, Tensile Testing, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Different ScanningCalorimetry (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Microwave pyrolysis,polymer oil, distillation, GCMS Analysis.<br>Program: MSc in Resource Recovery - Sustainable Engineering

This thesis examines the technological economics of glass recycling in Britain. Attention was focused on recovery schemes operated within Scotland, comparisons being made with schemes in the rest of Britain and in Europe. An examination was made of general recycling problems and of glass recycling problems in particular. The various systems for glass recycling were reviewed and were put in the context of the waste management system as a whole. A survey was undertaken of Local Authorities operating glass recycling schemes. The aim was to provide a comprehensive data set to enable a consistent assessment of glass recovery schemes to be taken. This emphasised the importance of taking a standard approach to assessing the viability of recovery schemes. This needs to be done in terms of both private and social costs and benefits to provide a full economic assessment of the system. A general computer model has been developed to allow local authorities to check the viability of their on-going operations. As they operate under different conditions this model was split into separate assessment of a Bottle Bank scheme and a trade collection scheme. In addition, an investment appraisal model was developed to cover both situations. These allow managers to assess the viability of their schemes and can be used to highlight key costs. An International review was undertaken to see what lessons may be learned and what actions may be taken by the local authorities, industry, the general public, and by central government.

Over the last decades, the use of glass fibre reinforced thermosets (GRT) has become widespread and commonly used in many sectors. Currently no commercial recycling process exists for GRT and the amount of waste generated has reached an unsustainable level. The value of recycled glass fibres (RGF) is reduced significantly due to loss in strength and surface functionality during recycling. Thermal recycling processes involve decomposing the polymer matrix at elevated temperatures to recover the reinforcement fibres. Exposing to such high temperatures degrades the strength of the fibres as well as removes the sizing on the fibre surface. The focus of this thesis is to investigate the potential for retaining and regenerating the strength and interface properties of thermally recycled glass fibres; in order to produce composites reinforced with RGF that could complete with those using virgin/pristine glass fibres. In order to recycled GRT in-house, a lab scale thermal recycling system based on a fluidised bed reactor was initially designed and developed. To build on the already extensive research into this recycling process, this thesis aims to reduce the temperature required to recycle GRT within the fluidised bed by introducing a metal oxide catalyst to aid in the thermal decomposition of the thermosetting matrix. This novel line of research was selected due to the potential for reducing both the energy consumption of the recycling process and thermal damage sustained by the glass fibres during recycling. Using thermogravimetric analysis it was found that copper (II) oxide (CuO) was particularly active at catalysing the thermal decomposition of epoxy, reducing the decomposition temperature by up to 125 °C. When used within the fluidised bed recycling process, CuO facilitated recycling of glass fibre from glass fibre reinforced epoxy (GF-EP) at just 400 °C without compromising on fibre yield efficiency. Another avenue of research in this thesis was assessing the potential of a variety of chemical treatments to regenerate the strength and surface functionality of thermally recycled glass fibres. It was found that soaking in hot NaOH solution could provide approximately a 130% increase in the strength of RGF; concluding that changes to surface morphology due to etching was the re-strengthening mechanism. The interfacial adhesion between RGF and 1) polypropylene (PP) and 2) epoxy were examined. It was found that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between RGF and epoxy could be fully restored by first treating the RGF in NaOH solution. Regenerating the IFSS between RGF and PP proved more challenging despite the use of fibre sizing and PP matrix modification. GRP reinforced with RGF (with and without regeneration treatments) were prepare and mechanically characterised; however, the GRP exhibited significantly poorer mechanical properties than those prepared with virgin fibres. This drop in performance was typically attributed to a combination of 1) lower fibre strength, 2) poor fibre-polymer interfacial adhesion and 3) low fibre volume fraction within the GRP.

Historically knowledge management models/maps have only been developed for use at a company level with examples being intranet sites. However there is very little information available relating to the use of these types of resources at an industry level. The aim of the study was to develop and test a knowledge management model on an industry scale. The model was designed and applied to the glass recycling industry due to its importance to local and national government with regards to the sustainability agenda. The industry is also dynamic and constantly changing due to a plethora of new legislation and recycling targets and was therefore selected to provide a comprehensive challenge to map the key influences and dynamics of the industry within the model and test its relevance/usefulness to the industry. In order to undertake the work an extensive literature survey was undertaken to investigate the glass recycling industry as well as the field of knowledge management/mapping. The knowledge management model developed uses both Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word documents interlinked with a series ofhyperlinks to help navigate between pages and was designed to work in a similar fashion to a website. The model is structured with a top level road map followed by a series oflayers (knowledge maps) underneath, which provide varying levels of information depending on the user's needs. This work has succeeded in developing a knowledge management model for mapping knowledge on an industry level rather than simply at an organisation level. The example of the glass recycling industry, due to its fluid and dynamic nature, has demonstrated that this type of tool can help identify where knowledge can be resourced and how it can be managed in complex fluid industries. This work was undertaken to further develop the knowledge and understanding of knowledge management and mapping at an industry level.

In this study, our aim is to determine the locations of bottle banks used in collecting recycled glass. The collection of recycled glass is done by a fleet of vehicles that visit some predetermined collection points, like restaurants and hospitals. The location of bottle banks depends on the closeness of the banks to the population zones where the recycled class is generated, and to the closeness of the banks to the predetermined collection points. A mathematical model, which combines the maximal covering problem in the presence of partial coverage and vehicle routing problem with profits, is presented. Heuristic procedures are proposed for the solution of the problem. Computational results based on generated test problems are provided. We also discuss a case study, where bottle banks are located in Yenimahalle, a district of Ankara

Rapidly growing quantities of e-waste (WEEE) demand the increasing attention of environmental policy all over the world. Developing countries are particularly affected by recycling and disposal activities, which are deemed harmful to health and environment. Holistic or integrated approaches to WEEE policy are required. The paper discusses first recycling technologies for glass from cathode ray tubes (CRT) and printed circuit boards (PCBs) in Vietnam. Thereafter the German approach to WEEE policy is adjusted to allow for an integrated policy. This is then adapted to allow for the recycling of used monitors and computers<br>Sự gia tăng một cách nhanh chóng số lượng các chất thải từ các thiết bị điện, điện tử (WEEE) đòi hỏi sự tăng cường chú ý tới các chính sách môi trường toàn cầu. Các nước đang phát triển bị tác động đặc biệt bởi các hoạt động tái chế, do nó ảnh hưởng xấu tới sức khỏe và môi trường. Các phương pháp tổ hợp và toàn diện đối với các chính sách quản lý chất thải điện tử (WEEE) là đòi hỏi cấp thiết. Trong bài báo này, trước hết phân tích đánh giá các công nghệ tái chế thủy tinh đèn hình (thủy tinh CRT) và bản mạch in điện tử (PCBs) ở Việt Nam. Tiếp theo là phương pháp tiếp cận các chính sách quản lý chất thải điện tử của Cộng hòa liên bang Đức được sử dụng để điều chỉnh cho thích hợp nhằm đưa ra giải pháp tổ hợp có thể thích ứng cho việc tái chế màn hình Tivi và máy tính hỏng, hết hạn sử dụng và thải bỏ ở Việt Nam