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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recycling glass'
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Башлак, Ірина Анатоліївна, Ирина Анатольевна Башлак, Iryna Anatoliivna Bashlak, S. P. Baranov, and О. V. Perepadya. "Recycling glass." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15994.
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Krishnamoorthi, Ramesh, and Zhang Shinzhao. "Recycling of Glass Fiber Composites." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16494.
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Composites are the materials which can be used for a wide variety of applications andproducts such as sports equipment, aerospace and marine because of light and stiffnessproperties. Composites are often made from thermoset resin with glass fibers.In this study, two ways of recycling composites were evaluated, which are microwavepyrolysed composites (MGC) and mechanical composites (GC). These glass fibers weregoing to be compounded with Polypropylene (PP) or Maleic Anhydride ModifiedPolypropylene (MAPP) and then injection moulded the sample by Micro-compounder.In order to get better adhesion to the polymer, a coating was added. The Neoxil 5682-polypropylene water emulsion was evaluated.The samples were characterized by Tensile Testing, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA),Different Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) to find aoptimum combination of recycled glass fiber reinforced polymer.Microwave pyrolysis is a new research area. The glass fiber, polymer oil and gas can beobtained by heating the composite with microwaves to in an inert atmosphere. The polymeroil can be distillated and then evaluated with GC-MS; in order to obtain the chemicalcompositions.Keywords: Composites, grinded and microwave pyrolyse composites (MGC), grindedcomposites (GC), Polypropylene (PP), Maleic Anhydride Modified Polypropylene (MAPP),Micro-compounder, Tensile Testing, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Different ScanningCalorimetry (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Microwave pyrolysis,polymer oil, distillation, GCMS Analysis.Program: MSc in Resource Recovery - Sustainable Engineering
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Matthews, Rolf Benjamin. "The technological economics of glass recycling." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3539.
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This thesis examines the technological economics of glass recycling in Britain. Attention was focused on recovery schemes operated within Scotland, comparisons being made with schemes in the rest of Britain and in Europe. An examination was made of general recycling problems and of glass recycling problems in particular. The various systems for glass recycling were reviewed and were put in the context of the waste management system as a whole. A survey was undertaken of Local Authorities operating glass recycling schemes. The aim was to provide a comprehensive data set to enable a consistent assessment of glass recovery schemes to be taken. This emphasised the importance of taking a standard approach to assessing the viability of recovery schemes. This needs to be done in terms of both private and social costs and benefits to provide a full economic assessment of the system. A general computer model has been developed to allow local authorities to check the viability of their on-going operations. As they operate under different conditions this model was split into separate assessment of a Bottle Bank scheme and a trade collection scheme. In addition, an investment appraisal model was developed to cover both situations. These allow managers to assess the viability of their schemes and can be used to highlight key costs. An International review was undertaken to see what lessons may be learned and what actions may be taken by the local authorities, industry, the general public, and by central government.
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Pender, Kyle Robert. "Recycling, regenerating and reusing reinforcement glass fibres." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30389.
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Over the last decades, the use of glass fibre reinforced thermosets (GRT) has become widespread and commonly used in many sectors. Currently no commercial recycling process exists for GRT and the amount of waste generated has reached an unsustainable level. The value of recycled glass fibres (RGF) is reduced significantly due to loss in strength and surface functionality during recycling. Thermal recycling processes involve decomposing the polymer matrix at elevated temperatures to recover the reinforcement fibres. Exposing to such high temperatures degrades the strength of the fibres as well as removes the sizing on the fibre surface. The focus of this thesis is to investigate the potential for retaining and regenerating the strength and interface properties of thermally recycled glass fibres; in order to produce composites reinforced with RGF that could complete with those using virgin/pristine glass fibres. In order to recycled GRT in-house, a lab scale thermal recycling system based on a fluidised bed reactor was initially designed and developed. To build on the already extensive research into this recycling process, this thesis aims to reduce the temperature required to recycle GRT within the fluidised bed by introducing a metal oxide catalyst to aid in the thermal decomposition of the thermosetting matrix. This novel line of research was selected due to the potential for reducing both the energy consumption of the recycling process and thermal damage sustained by the glass fibres during recycling. Using thermogravimetric analysis it was found that copper (II) oxide (CuO) was particularly active at catalysing the thermal decomposition of epoxy, reducing the decomposition temperature by up to 125 °C. When used within the fluidised bed recycling process, CuO facilitated recycling of glass fibre from glass fibre reinforced epoxy (GF-EP) at just 400 °C without compromising on fibre yield efficiency. Another avenue of research in this thesis was assessing the potential of a variety of chemical treatments to regenerate the strength and surface functionality of thermally recycled glass fibres. It was found that soaking in hot NaOH solution could provide approximately a 130% increase in the strength of RGF; concluding that changes to surface morphology due to etching was the re-strengthening mechanism. The interfacial adhesion between RGF and 1) polypropylene (PP) and 2) epoxy were examined. It was found that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between RGF and epoxy could be fully restored by first treating the RGF in NaOH solution. Regenerating the IFSS between RGF and PP proved more challenging despite the use of fibre sizing and PP matrix modification. GRP reinforced with RGF (with and without regeneration treatments) were prepare and mechanically characterised; however, the GRP exhibited significantly poorer mechanical properties than those prepared with virgin fibres. This drop in performance was typically attributed to a combination of 1) lower fibre strength, 2) poor fibre-polymer interfacial adhesion and 3) low fibre volume fraction within the GRP.
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McCoach, Hugh. "Knowledge mapping & communication in the glass recycling industry." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547429.
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Historically knowledge management models/maps have only been developed for use at a company level with examples being intranet sites. However there is very little information available relating to the use of these types of resources at an industry level. The aim of the study was to develop and test a knowledge management model on an industry scale. The model was designed and applied to the glass recycling industry due to its importance to local and national government with regards to the sustainability agenda. The industry is also dynamic and constantly changing due to a plethora of new legislation and recycling targets and was therefore selected to provide a comprehensive challenge to map the key influences and dynamics of the industry within the model and test its relevance/usefulness to the industry. In order to undertake the work an extensive literature survey was undertaken to investigate the glass recycling industry as well as the field of knowledge management/mapping. The knowledge management model developed uses both Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word documents interlinked with a series ofhyperlinks to help navigate between pages and was designed to work in a similar fashion to a website. The model is structured with a top level road map followed by a series oflayers (knowledge maps) underneath, which provide varying levels of information depending on the user's needs. This work has succeeded in developing a knowledge management model for mapping knowledge on an industry level rather than simply at an organisation level. The example of the glass recycling industry, due to its fluid and dynamic nature, has demonstrated that this type of tool can help identify where knowledge can be resourced and how it can be managed in complex fluid industries. This work was undertaken to further develop the knowledge and understanding of knowledge management and mapping at an industry level.
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Polat, Esra. "A Location And Routing-with-profit Problem In Glass Recycling." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610221/index.pdf.
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In this study, our aim is to determine the locations of bottle banks used in collecting recycled glass. The collection of recycled glass is done by a fleet of vehicles that visit some predetermined collection points, like restaurants and hospitals. The location of bottle banks depends on the closeness of the banks to the population zones where the recycled class is generated, and to the closeness of the banks to the predetermined collection points. A mathematical model, which combines the maximal covering problem in the presence of partial coverage and vehicle routing problem with profits, is presented. Heuristic procedures are proposed for the solution of the problem. Computational results based on generated test problems are provided. We also discuss a case study, where bottle banks are located in Yenimahalle, a district of Ankara
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Jin, Kun. "Processing characteristics and properites [sic] of glass fiber reinforced composites from post consumer carpets." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062004-164643/unrestricted/jin%5Fkun%5F200312%5Fms.pdf.
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Suen, Wai-ying. "A feasibility study of recycling and recovery of solid waste in Hong Kong : waste glass /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B2342607x.
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Wiesmeth, Hans, Dennis Häckl, Quang Trung Do, and Duy Cam Bui. "A holistic approach to recycling of CRT glass and PCBs in Vietnam." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88442.
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Rapidly growing quantities of e-waste (WEEE) demand the increasing attention of environmental policy all over the world. Developing countries are particularly affected by recycling and disposal activities, which are deemed harmful to health and environment. Holistic or integrated approaches to WEEE policy are required. The paper discusses first recycling technologies for glass from cathode ray tubes (CRT) and printed circuit boards (PCBs) in Vietnam. Thereafter the German approach to WEEE policy is adjusted to allow for an integrated policy. This is then adapted to allow for the recycling of used monitors and computersSự gia tăng một cách nhanh chóng số lượng các chất thải từ các thiết bị điện, điện tử (WEEE) đòi hỏi sự tăng cường chú ý tới các chính sách môi trường toàn cầu. Các nước đang phát triển bị tác động đặc biệt bởi các hoạt động tái chế, do nó ảnh hưởng xấu tới sức khỏe và môi trường. Các phương pháp tổ hợp và toàn diện đối với các chính sách quản lý chất thải điện tử (WEEE) là đòi hỏi cấp thiết. Trong bài báo này, trước hết phân tích đánh giá các công nghệ tái chế thủy tinh đèn hình (thủy tinh CRT) và bản mạch in điện tử (PCBs) ở Việt Nam. Tiếp theo là phương pháp tiếp cận các chính sách quản lý chất thải điện tử của Cộng hòa liên bang Đức được sử dụng để điều chỉnh cho thích hợp nhằm đưa ra giải pháp tổ hợp có thể thích ứng cho việc tái chế màn hình Tivi và máy tính hỏng, hết hạn sử dụng và thải bỏ ở Việt Nam
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Lovda, Kathryn Lynn. "THE OHIO BAR AND RESTAURANT RECYCLING TOOLKIT: A RESOURCE DESIGNED TO ASSIST BARS AND RESTAURANTS IN IMPLEMENTING AN EFFECTIVE RECYCLING PROGRAM TO HELP MEET OHIO’S DEMANDS FOR RECYCLED GLASS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1416995518.
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Palmer, James Alexander Thomas. "Mechanical recycling of automotive composites for use as reinforcement in thermoset composites." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/72313.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the potential use of recycled glass fibre composite materials as a replacement for virgin reinforcing materials in new thermoset composites. Specifically the closed-loop mechanical recycling of composites used heavily in the automotive sector known as dough and sheet moulding composites, DMC and SMC respectively, are investigated. The recycling of glass reinforced thermoset polymer composite materials has been an area of investigation for many years and composites used in the automotive industry are of particular interest due to legislative and social pressures on the industry. The mechanical recycling process and then collection of useful fibrous grades of recycled materials, recyclate, by a novel air separation technique were investigated first. The properties of these recyclate fibres were characterised and compared directly with the properties of virgin glass fibres they were to be used to replace. Single fibre tensile tests were employed to compare the strengths of the fibres and single fibre pull-out tests were used to investigate the strength of the interface between the fibres and a polyester matrix. These tests showed the recyclate fibres to be weaker and have a poorer interface with the polyester matrix than the virgin glass fibres. Understanding the properties of the recyclate materials meant their reformulation into new composites could be carefully considered for the production of new high performance materials. Two grades of the collected recyclate materials were then reformulated in to new DMC and SMC composites, replacing percentages of the virgin glass fibre reinforcement. The mechanical properties of the resulting manufactured composites were characterised throughout for direct comparison against one another and an unmodified control material, using both three-point flexural tests and Charpy impact tests. Through the modification of existing manufacturing techniques and the development of novel production equipment it has been possible to successfully manufacture both DMC and SMC composites with the recyclate materials used to replace virgin glass fibres. Virgin glass fibres have successfully been replaced by recyclate materials without disrupting standard production techniques and with minimal reduction of the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. As the loadings of recyclate materials used were greatly increased both the flexural and impact strengths were significantly degraded and it was found that chemical modification of the composite could be used to improve these formulations. It has been shown that the recyclate materials should be considered and treated as a distinct reinforcing ingredient, separately from the remaining virgin glass fibres.
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Ojo, Samuel Olukunle. "Effect of surface treatment and recycling on the mechanical properties of e-glass." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7139/.
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The primary focus of this study was to investigate the effect of removing the binder, by specified method, on the tensile strength of E-glass fibre bundle and composites. The methods investigated for removing the binder from E-glass fibres were: (i) fibre spreading; (ii) acetone-based treatment; and (iii) heat treatment in air and in a vacuum. In the first phase of the research, the effect of the above mentioned binder removal methods were investigated using the single-bundle tensile test. Binder removal via fibre spreading did not cause any reduction in the properties of E-glass fibre bundles. However, binder removal by acetone extraction led to a decrease of 37% in the tensile strength. The most detrimental effect on the tensile strength was found to be when E-glass was exposed to temperatures in excess of 450 °C. The percentage reduction in tensile strength for E-glass fibre bundle for 450 °C, 550 °C and 650 °C were 60%, 66% and 90% respectively. In the second phase of the research, E-glass bundles that were subjected to the above-mentioned treatments were used to fabricate single bundle composites. The procedure for manufacturing these composites was developed. It was established that the reduction in the strengths of the E-glass composites after specified treatment could be correlated to the reduction in properties experience by the fibre bundles. Attempts were made to analyse the treated fibres using a range of analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, thermographic analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy analysis. Heat treating E-glass fibres in the absence of air was shown to bring about a reduction in the tensile strength by 58% as compared to 78% when the fibres were previously heated in air at 650 °C.
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Suen, Wai-ying, and 孫慧英. "A feasibility study of recycling and recovery of solid waste in Hong Kong: waste glass." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255061.
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SILVA, ANTONIO C. da. "Vidros e vitroceramicos com alta concentracao de metais obtidos a partir de residuos industriais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11765.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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PRADO, ULISSES S. do. "Nova alternativa para reaproveitamento do resíduo perigoso gerado na produção de alumínio primário (SPL): obtenção de vidros opacos e fritas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11673.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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MATTOS, CLEITON dos S. "Geração de resíduos sólidos de galvanoplastia em regiões densamente povoadas - avaliação, inertização e destinação." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9990.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Hons, Oto. "Materiály na bázi pěnového skla z druhotných surovin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225553.
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In the theoretical part of diploma thesis basic knowledge about glass are given (materials, production process, a brief overview of glass products for construction industry) and statistics of waste production, primarily with an emphasis on various types of waste glasses were also mentioned. The following chapters of the thesis are focused on waste glass processing technologies. Various studies about the application of waste or recycled glass in manufacturing of building materials are summarized. In the practical part of diploma thesis were suggested appropriate secondary raw materials that were used to prepare materials based on thermally modified glass foam. In the practical part of the thesis was carried out a set of experiments and analysis, including evaluation in terms of the proposed alternative fillers and materials made of them.
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Dořičáková, Michaela. "Studium vlastností polymery modifikovaných malt využívající skelný recyklát." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265690.
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Master´s thesis deals with the study properties of polymer modified mortars using recycled glass and is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part has been expert search which deals with polymer modified mortars using recycled glass. On the basis of this information has been formulate practical part, which focused on the study properties of mortars depending on the time period and environment.
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Трунова, Інна Олександрівна, Инна Александровна Трунова, Inna Oleksandrivna Trunova та А. С. Фалько. "Перспективи переробки склотари". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45409.
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Сьогодні потрібно розуміти, що невирішені екологічні проблеми становлять серйозну небезпеку навколишньому середовищу. Скло входить до складу побутових відходів. Воно хоча і займає невеликий відсоток щодо інших відходів, але правильне повторне
використання скла дасть нам змогу зекономити енергію та сировину на виготовлення нового виробу і зменшить об’єм сміттєвих звалищ.
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Lundgren, Gustav Müller. "Design parameters for powder removal from crushed glass in a gravity separator." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4430.
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Mercury is one of the most dangerous elements that exist on this earth and can cause serious damage to both humans and nature. Therefore it is crucial that it does not get spread out in the environment but is recycled in a safe manner when used in consumer products. Fluorescence lamps that are coated with mercury contaminated fluorescence powder still exist today. Therefore it is crucial that the mercury contaminated fluorescence powder is separated from the glass so the fluorescence powder can be reused and the mercury can be sent to final deposal. This thesis has been done as a compulsory part of the program Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology and in collaboration with MRT System International AB. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a prototype of a gravitational separation unit to separate fluorescence powder from the glass on fluorescents light trying to increase the efficiency of the separation process at MRT. The work began by making a detailed project plan to get an overview of the different parts of the thesis and how they should be implemented. A requirement specification was made as a ground to make sure that the developed prototype would meet the requirements set for the prototype. After the requirement specification had been made a study of air classifiers began to get a perception of the alternatives that are offered today and to see how they work. Research was made to get ideas and a better knowledge of the different methods of separating two different materials. The information collected from the study formed the basis of the different concept proposals that was been generated. Tools were then used to decide which of the concepts that later would become the final one to be built. When the prototype was built, measurements were made to see how efficient the separation was.Kvicksilver är ett av de farligaste ämnena som finns på jorden och kan orsaka stor skada på både människor och i naturen. Därför är det viktigt att det inte sprids i naturen utan återvinns på ett säkert sätt då det används till exempel i konsumtionsprodukter. Lampor som innehåller kvicksilverkontaminerat lyspulver används fortafarande. Det är därför vitkigt att separera det kvicksilverkontaminerade ljuspulvret från glaset så att lyspulvret kan återanvändas och kvicksilvret kan skickas till slutförvaring. Examensarbetet är en obligatorisk del av programmet Civilingenjör i Maskinteknik på Blekinge Tekniska högskola och har gjorts i samarbete med MRT System International AB. Arbetet syftar till att ta fram en prototyp av en separationsutrustning som använder luft och gravitation för att separera lyspulver från glaskrosset från lysrör och få en mer effektiv separationsprocess hos MRT. Examensarbetet började med att ta fram en genomgående projektplan för att få en bra översikt över vilka delar projektet ska innehålla samt hur de ska genomföras. En kravspecifikation baserad på MRTs önskemål upprättades och låg senare till grund för den prototyp som togs fram och testades. När kravspecifikationen hade upprättats började en teoristudie för att få en uppfattning om vad det redan fanns för alternativ på marknaden idag och hur de fungerade. Detta gjordes för att få en idéer och för att få bättre kunskap på de olika metoderna när man separerar två olika material. Information som togs fram under studien låg sedan till grund för de koncept som har genererats. Olika verktyg användes sedan för att bestämma vilket koncept som skulle bli det slutgiltiga och resultera i en färdig prototyp. När prototypen var utvecklad utfördes tester för att kunna mäta hur effektivt prototypen separerade de två materialen.
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Gaučienė, Sigita. ""Skrybėlės kitaip"." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20131122_113233-43061.
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Visuomet ieškojau būdų kaip saugoti gamtą ir buvo įdomu, kaip ir kiek vartojame, kokią žalą patiria aplinka ir tuo pačiu mes patys. Pradėjusi magistro studijas supratau, jog tokius ekologiškus sprendimus, kaip antrinis stiklo panaudojimas, galiu pritaikyti ir kūryboje. Technika – “fusing” ( sukepinimas), pate de verre.Studying Master‘s degree studies i understood that creating artistic glass object can be applied ecological aspects and recycling ideas. Creating in fusing and pate de verre technologies.
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Gaučienė, Sigita. "„Ekologiniai aspektai šiuolaikinio stiklo kūrinių meninėje ir technologinėje raiškoje“." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130805_103727-98971.
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Magistriniame darbe yra aptariami šiuolaikiniai stiklo meno pavyzdžiai, kurių meninėje ir technologinėje raiškoje skleidžiasi ekologinės idėjos. Šių dienų visuomenėje ekologijos tema palaipsniui tampa vis svarbesnė, todėl mano darbe taip pat nagrinėjamos globalinės ekologijos problemos, ekologinė situacija, ekologinis auklėjimas. Nuosekliai aptariama ekologijos reikšmė visuomenės gyvenime ir meninėje erdvėje, ekomeno tikslingumas ir jo sąsajos su perdirbtu stiklu. Svarbi ekologiško, socialiai angažuoto, meno sąvoka. Išskiriami reikalavimai, kuriais remiantis, toks menas tiek savo forma, tiek turiniu apima ekologinę etiką, ir gali padėti sukelti pagarbą gamtai, nurodyti pamatines vertybes, išplėsti ekologinį supratimą. Stengtąsi atkreipti dėmesį į stiklo gamybos ekologizavimą, perdirbimo naudą tiek ekologiniais, tiek finansiniais ir energetiniais aspektais. Plačiau aiškinamas šios medžiagos perdirbimo aktualumas tiek Lietuvoje, tiek pasaulyje, mat per metus susidaro daugybė tonų stiklo atliekų. Šios stiklo atliekos perdirbamos į daugybę kasdien sutinkamų objektų. Jiems formuoti naudojami atitinkami formavimo būdai: valcavimas, tempimas, presavimas, liejimas, pūtimas, moliravimas, sukepinimas ir pate de verre technika. Meno pasaulyje šiandiena ypatingai populiarūs perdirbto stiklo kūriniai. Darbe plačiau aprašoma užsienio menininkų kūryba, analizuojamos pagrindinės idėjos, išryškinamas techninis pasirinkimas. Lietuvos stiklo autorių kūryba aptariama saikingiau, nes šalyje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]In this master’s paper examples are discussed of contemporary glass art, which has ideas of ecology flourishing in their artistic and technological practices. In today‘s society the topic of ecology is gradually becoming more important, therefore my work examines global ecological problems, its situation, and environmental awareness. The importance of ecology to a society‘s lifestyle and the art world, “eco art’s” expedience and its connections with recycled glass are coherently discussed. Defining ecological and socially engaged art is important. Requirements are set, based on which such art in its form and content covers the ethics of ecology and is able to help foster respect for nature, teach underlying values, and widen the understanding of ecology. It was sought to show attention to making the process of glass production more ecological and the benefit of recycling from an ecological, financial, and energy aspects. The relevance of recycling this material both in Lithuania and the world is widely explained because countless tons of glass waste is produced per year. Glass waste is recycled into a lot of objects of daily use. They are being formed in several applicable methods:, extrusion, rolling, casting, blowing, and pâte de verre technique. Artworks from recycled glass are exceptionally popular today in the art world. The work of foreign artists is widely discussed, underlying ideas are analysed, and their choice of technique is highlighted in this paper. The work of... [to full text]
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Chen, Tianran. "Generation of Recyclable Liquid Crystalline Polymer Reinforced Composites for Use in Conventional and Additive Manufacturing Processes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103439.
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The application of glass fiber reinforced composites has grown rapidly due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, low cost, and chemical resistance. However, the increasing demand for fiber reinforced composites results in the generation of more composite wastes. Mechanical recycling is a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly recycling method, but the loss in the quality of recycled glass or carbon fiber composite hinders the wide-spread use of this recycling method. It is important to develop novel composite materials with higher recyclability. Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) are high-performance engineering thermoplastics, which have comparable mechanical performance to that of glass fiber. The TLCP reinforced composites, called in situ composites, can form the reinforcing TLCP fibrils during processing avoiding the fiber breakage problem.
The first part of this dissertation is to study the influence of mechanical recycling on the properties of injection molded TLCP and glass fiber (GF) reinforced polypropylene (PP). The processing temperature of the injection molding process was optimized using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a rheometer to minimize the thermal degradation of PP. The TLCP and GF reinforced PP materials were mechanically recycled up to three times by repeated injection molding and grinding. The mechanical recycling had almost no influence on the mechanical, thermal, and thermo-mechanical properties of TLCP/PP because of the regeneration of TLCP fibrils during the mold filling process. On the other hand, glass fiber/PP composites decreased 30% in tensile strength and 5% in tensile modulus after three reprocessing cycles. The micro-mechanical modeling demonstrated the deterioration in mechanical properties of GF/PP was mainly attributed to the fiber breakage that occurred during compounding and grinding.
The second part of this dissertation is concerned with the development of recyclable and light weight hybrid composites through the use of TLCP and glass fiber. Rheological tests were used to determine the optimal processing temperature of the injection molding process. At this processing temperature, the thermal degradation of matrix material was mitigated and the processability of the hybrid composite was improved. The best formulation of TLCP and glass fiber in the composite was determined giving rise to the generation of a recyclable hybrid composite with low melt viscosity, low mechanical anisotropy, and improved mechanical properties.
Finally, TLCP reinforced polyamide composites were utilized in an additive manufacturing application. The method of selecting the processing temperature to blend TLCP and polyamide in the dual extrusion process was devised using rheological analyses to take advantage of the supercooling behavior of TLCP and minimize the thermal degradation of the matrix polymer. The composite filament prepared by dual extrusion was printed and the printing temperature of the composite filament that led to the highest mechanical properties was determined. Although the tensile strength of the TLCP composite was lower than the glass fiber or carbon fiber composites, the tensile modulus of 3D printed 60 wt% TLCP reinforced polyamide was comparable to traditional glass or carbon fiber reinforced composites in 3D printing.Doctor of Philosophy
The large demand for high performance and light weight composite materials in various industries (e.g., automotive, aerospace, and construction) has resulted in accumulation of composite wastes in the environment. Reuse and recycling of fiber reinforced composites are beneficial from the environmental and economical point of view. However, mechanical recycling deteriorates the quality of traditional fiber reinforced composite (e.g., glass fiber and carbon fiber). There is a need to develop novel composites with greater recyclability and high-performance. Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCP) are attractive high performance materials because of their excellent mechanical properties and light weight. The goal of this work is to generate recyclable thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) reinforced composites for use in injection molding and 3D printing. In the first part of this work, a novel recyclable TLCP reinforced composite was generated using the grinding and injection molding. Recycled TLCP composites were as strong as the virgin TLCP composites, and the mechanical properties of TLCP composites were found to be competitive with the glass fiber reinforced counterparts. In the second part, a hybrid TLCP and glass fiber reinforced composite with great recyclability and excellent processability was developed. The processing conditions of injection molding were optimized by rheological tests to mitigate fiber breakage and improve the processability. Finally, a high performance and light weight TLCP reinforced composite filament was generated using the dual extrusion process which allowed the processing of two polymers with different processing temperatures. This composite filament could be directly 3D printed using a benchtop 3D printer. The mechanical properties of 3D printed TLCP composites could rival 3D printed traditional fiber composites but with the potential to have a wider range of processing shapes.
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Tobar, Raul Julian Revelo. "Reformulação de esmaltes cerâmicos a partir de vidros de CRT." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-10122014-112933/.
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A atual problemática da disposição de resíduos eletroeletrônicos estimula a realização de pesquisas visando o reaproveitamento desse tipo de resíduo na fabricação de novos produtos ou na utilização dos mesmos em processos já existentes. O descarte de monitores de computadores e TVs com a tecnologia de tubos de raios catódicos (CRT) não é simples, pois os mesmos contêm metais pesados e há poucas alternativas de reciclagem estabelecidas, o que gera um passivo ambiental ainda sem solução. O CRT corresponde a 80% do peso de um monitor de computador e é constituído por três tipos de vidro, com diferentes composições. A relação aproximada (em % peso) é: 65% painel, 30% funil e 5% pescoço. Entre os diferentes vidros dos quais é fabricado os CRTs, o painel tem altas porcentagens de óxidos de metais alcalino e alcalino-terrosos e assim grande potencial para ser aproveitado como substituto de fritas na formulação de esmaltes cerâmicos. Uma vantagem adicional é o fato de que os metais pesados são estabilizados na forma de óxidos, tendo a mínima dissolução após a sinterização e vitrificação. Neste trabalho as composições químicas do vidro de painel de CRT e da frita foram caracterizadas pela técnica de FRX e ICP-AES. Depois os valores do coeficiente de expansão térmica e a viscosidade como função da temperatura foram calculados usando modelos empíricos que relacionam essas propriedades com a composição química do vidrado, através do software e banco de dados SciGlass®. Substituições parciais de frita por vidro de painel de CRT foram experimentalmente testadas na formulação de um esmalte transparente típico. Suspensões com 10 a 40% em peso de vidro de painel de CRT como substituto da frita tradicional foram preparadas e aplicadas sobre a superfície de substratos de argila conformados por prensagem. Subsequentemente, as placas foram queimadas seguindo um ciclo térmico similar ao utilizado industrialmente. Os valores do coeficiente de expansão térmica foram caracterizados por dilatometria. A viscosidade do esmalte foi medida a temperaturas elevadas (viscosidades baixas). A cor e a transparência dos esmaltes após a queima foram caracterizadas por colorimetria. Em uma análise comparativa, a substituição de 20% em peso de frita por vidro de painel de CRT resultou em revestimentos com propriedades equivalentes as de esmaltes comerciais.The current problem of disposal of electronic waste stimulates research aiming at the reuse of this type of waste in the manufacture of new products or existing processes. The disposal of computer monitors and televisions based on the technology of cathode ray tube (CRT) is not simple, since they contain heavy metals and there are few recycling alternatives nearby the consumer center, generating an unsolved environmental liability. The CRT corresponds to approximately 85 wt% of a computer monitor, and is composed by three silicate glasses with different compositions, in the approximate proportions (wt%): 65% panel, 30% funnel and 5% neck glass. Among the different glasses of which the CRT\'s are made, the panel has higher percentages of alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides, which thus give them potential to be used as frits substitute in the formulation of ceramic glazes. An additional advantage is the fact that these heavy metals are stabilized in the form of oxides, presenting minimal dissolution after sintering and vitrification. In the present work, the chemical compositions of a CRT\'s panel glass and glaze frits were characterized by XRF and ICP-AES. Then, the value of thermal expansion coefficients and viscosity were calculated as a function of temperature using empirical models that relate such properties with the glass chemical composition, aided by the SciGlass software. The partial replacement of frits for CRT\'s panel glass was experimentally tested in the composition of a typical transparent ceramic glaze. Aqueous suspensions containing 10 to 40 wt% of CRT\'s panel glass as a substitute for the traditional frit were prepared and applied on the surface of substrates formerly obtained by pressing a clay raw material into plates. Subsequently, the plates were fired following a thermal treatment similar to the used industrially. The resulting thermal expansion coefficients were characterized by dilatometry. The glaze viscosity was measured at high temperatures (low viscosities). The color and transparency of the glazes after firing were characterized by colorimetry. In a comparative analysis, the substitution of 20 wt% of frit by CRT\'s panel glass resulted in ceramic tiles with properties equivalent to those of the commercial glazes.
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Vossberg, Cherilyn. "A life cycle based energy and greenhouse gas emission assessment of C&D waste and container glass recycling in the City of Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11922.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The rate at which the world is consuming energy is growing, and with climate change an immediate concern (Stern, 2006), it is incumbent for the global society to find alternate ways of fuelling human activity. Along with greater energy use, global development is also generating ever-greater quantities of waste. Landfill space is becoming increasingly scarce and the assimilative capacity of Earth is reaching its limits. Society's current approach to the production, consumption, and disposal of goods is likely unsustainable. The goal of this research was to assess the difference in cumulative energy demand (CED) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for two waste management options: landfilling and recycling for the two materials of Construction and Demolition (C&D) rubble and container glass in the City of Cape Town (CCT) in order to determine which option has the lower climate impact.
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Williams, Nathan Thomas. "Evolving Collections." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8799.
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My art practice begins with the collecting, processing, and organizing of materials. Through experimentation, I have developed processes centered around a commitment of time and devotion to the plainest beauty of these found materials, their inherent properties, and related systems, making the resulting objects of order possible. Through my application of these personal ordering systems, I strive to bring intrigue and focus to the common and discarded. The process of finding and organizing common surplus materials has given me an understanding of myself, seeing things that may never have occurred were it not for these experiences. This practice has taken what might have been an unhealthy obsession and converted this energy into what I consider a positive outcome and an avenue to living a good productive life.
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MARIALVA, NETO ANTONIO A. "Incorporacao de residuos solidos galvanicos em matrizes vitreas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11128.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Wildman, John C. "Laboratory Evaluation of Recycled Crushed Glass Cullet for Use as an Aggregate in Beach Nourishment and Marsh Creation Projects in Southeastern Louisiana." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2565.
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To combat the rapid degradation of the Louisiana coast, the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority has planned strategic land building initiatives throughout the Louisiana Gulf coast, including beach nourishment and marsh creation projects. It is commonly agreed that the state lacks sufficient renewable sediment resources to maintain the planned CPRA land building program. However, Louisiana, the state that commonly ranks last in state recycling percentage, recycles an estimated 0.6% of the waste glass consumed in the state. Glass is predominantly silica sand. This thesis evaluates laboratory‑determined characteristics of recycled crushed glass cullet to assess its suitability as a renewable aggregate for beach nourishment and marsh creation projects. Specifically, the research herein evaluates geotechnical and settling characteristics of recycled crushed glass cullet produced in Pearl River, Louisiana. Additionally, this research evaluates the effects on beach nourishment and marsh creation design parameters of blending this material with Gulf coastal sediments.
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Andrade, Felipe Holtz de. "SÍNTESE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ESPUMA DE VIDRO DOPADA COM PENTÓXIDO DE NIÓBIO." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2015. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1473.
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-24Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The purpose of this work is the synthesis and characterizations of a glass foam using sodium hydroxide as the foaming agent, in addition to niobium pentoxide used as filler. For the synthesis of the foam, waste glass, sodium hydroxide and niobium pentoxide were mixed in a mold, dried and sintered at 800 oC. In follow, the foam was characterized by different methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and diferential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Helium pycnometry, compression testing, high resolution electron microscopy field-emission gun (FEG) and chemical microanalysis energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The result obtained was a glass foam with 36,50 % of porosity and 44,50 % increase in the compressive strenght by niobium pentoxide.
A proposta deste trabalho consistiu na síntese e caracterização de uma espuma constituída de vidro moído e hidróxido de sódio como agente espumante, além do pentóxido de nióbio utilizado como agente de carga. Para a síntese da espuma, o resíduo de vidro, hidróxido de sódio e pentóxido de nióbio foram misturados em um molde, secados e sinterizados a 800 oC. Em seguida, a espuma foi caracterizada por diferentes ensaios: difração de raios X (DRX), análise termogravimétrica e varredura diferencial de calorimetria (DSC), picnometria de Hélio, ensaio de compressão,microscopia eletrônica de varredura de alta resolução (FEG) e microanálise química por níveis de energia (EDS). Obteve-se uma espuma de vidro com porosidade de 36,50 % e aumento de 44,50 % na resistência a compressão pelo pentóxido de nióbio.
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Šácha, Dominik. "Ověřování možnosti využití recyklovaného autoskla jako náhrady křemičitého písku v polymerbetonových průmyslových podlahách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392365.
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This diploma thesis has goal to find out possibility of substitution sand in polymer crete flooring system by recycling car glass. Polymer crete is made from sand and epoxy resin. Companies use it in industrial flooring system. Polymercrete industrial flooring systems are new types of floor surface. It aims to customers with high requirements to floor properties and short time of realisation. Polymercrete floors are 4-6 mm thin. They are waterproof, they has higher compressive strength then 60 MPa and tensile strength is more than 20 MPa. Polymercretes does not make dust. This study includes also suggestion of recycling process to make glass sand from car glass windows. The diploma thesis was prepared in cooperation with company Atemit, s.r.o.
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Lordelo, Rodrigo Seixas Dourado. "Avalia??o da utiliza??o de residuo de vidro de garrafas na produ??o de argamassa." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2018. http://tede2.uefs.br:8080/handle/tede/700.
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The use of waste incorporated in building materials has been pointed out as an alternative for more adequate disposal of solid waste. Among the wastes generated in Brazil, are the glass. Less than half of the glass bottles produced in Brazil are recycled. In the present work the influence of the use of waste glass of brown bottles, crushed, as partial substitute of the natural sand, in the production of mortars was evaluated. The substitution contents evaluated were 10, 20 and 30%, by mass, in addition to the reference mortar (without waste glass). The properties of the mortars in the fresh state were evaluated (workability, specific mass and incorporated air content) and also in the hardened state (flexural tensile strength, compressive strength, water absorption, void index, specific mass and alkali-silica reactivity). The results of the tests indicated that the use of waste glass bottles, replacing the natural aggregate, did not alter the fluidity of the mortars, but decreased the density and increased the content of incorporated air. The incorporation of the waste provided an increase in the tensile strengths in flexion and compression, in relation to the reference mortar. With respect to the possible alkali-silica reactivity, it was verified that the mortars with the waste glass bottle did not exceed the expansion limit established in accordance with NBR 15577-4 (ABNT, 2009). Based on the results it was concluded that it is possible to use up to 30% of waste glass of brown bottles, replacing the natural sand.
A utiliza??o de res?duos incorporados ? materiais de constru??o vem sendo apontada como uma alternativa para destina??o mais adequada dos res?duos s?lidos. Dentre os res?duos gerados no Brasil, est?o os de vidro. Menos da metade das embalagens de vidro produzidas no Brasil s?o recicladas. No presente trabalho foi avaliado a influ?ncia da utiliza??o de res?duo de vidro de garrafas de cor marrom, triturado, como substituto parcial do agregado mi?do natural, na produ??o de argamassas. Os teores de substitui??o avaliados foram de 10, 20 e 30%, em massa, al?m da argamassa de refer?ncia (sem res?duo). Foram analisadas propriedades das argamassas no estado fresco (trabalhabilidade, massa espec?fica e teor de ar incorporado) e no estado endurecido (resist?ncia ? tra??o na flex?o, resist?ncia ? compress?o, absor??o de ?gua, ?ndice de vazios, massa espec?fica e reatividade ?lcali-s?lica). Os resultados dos ensaios indicaram que o uso de res?duo de vidro de garrafa, em substitui??o ao agregado natural, n?o alterou a fluidez das argamassas, mas diminuiu a densidade e aumentou o teor de ar incorporado. A incorpora??o do res?duo proporcionou aumento nas resist?ncias ? tra??o na flex?o e ? compress?o, comparado ? argamassa de refer?ncia. Com rela??o ? poss?vel reatividade ?lcali-s?lica, verificou-se que as argamassas com o res?duo de vidro de garrafa n?o excederam o limite de expans?o estabelecido conforme a NBR 15577-4 (ABNT, 2009). Com base nos resultados concluiu-se que ? poss?vel utilizar at? 30% de res?duo de garrafa de vidro de cor marrom, em substitui??o ao agregado natural.
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IMAM, HADI, and SUPAWAN SUKONTHACHAYA. "Recycling in a supply chain context - A case study regarding sorting and collection of four materials; plastics, paper, glass and metal in Eskilstuna Energi & Miljö, Sweden and Department Of Public Cleansing, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Thailand." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-11465.
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Recycling has been practiced from a decade, but become popular in recent years. The reverse logistics channel in supply chain context used for recycling differs from the forward flow logistics in many sub-areas. The objective of this thesis is based on the reverse logistics channel in supply chain context, which mainly focuses on several primary processes related with collection and sorting of solid waste, packaging, in relation to 4R’s strategy, which includes reduce, reuse, recycle and recover. The rapidly increasing of the population and industrial manufacturing, as well as an increasing of the consumption leading to an increasing of solid waste generation in Bangkok, Thailand. This is the challenge for us to find potential improvements to increase the recycle rate, reduced the contamination problems so that material recovery rate should be increase. This also results in saving national resources and energy from producing products from virgin material. However, the scope of this paper is in collection and sorting areas of waste material. Collection and sorting of waste material at Eskilstuna Energi & Miljö has been practiced from many years and continuously improving according to their yearly development plans. We reviewed the process in EEM as a model process for our research in comparison with municipal solid waste management in Bangkok, Thailand. The analysis and comparison between collection and sorting process in Eskilstuna Energi & Miljö and in Bangkok, Thailand, which reflects the strong points of the collection and sorting system at EEM in Sweden to apply in the improvement step in the weak points of system in Thailand. The comparison based on benchmarking methodology, which focus on four major areas including waste containers, collection, sorting and transportation. The conclusion includes the potential improvements in the current process in Thailand will be presented at the end. In this part we further divide it into two steps i-e short and long term improvements, which make the authorities, acts more specific in certain ways. We suggest a proposed layout of solid waste management in Thailand in the end according to the improvements. The suggestions for improvement plan are finalized in this area. The main purpose is to realize and contribute realize continuous improvement in the existing process of sorting and collection in Bangkok. Keywords: Recycling, Reverse logistics, Supply chain, 4R, Collection, Sorting, Waste.
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ARAUJO, MARIANA S. de. "Utilização de resíduos de catalisador (ECAT) e cinzas da casca de arroz (CCA) na elaboração de vidros silicatos soda-cal destinados a embalagem." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26381.
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Oliveira, Herbet Alves de. "Avaliação de argilas industriais formuladas com resíduo de vidro na produção de agregado sintético." Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6905.
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The present work has the objective to characterize technologically five clays used in ceramics sectors in Brazil. Its potential to produce synthetic aggregate of calcined clay to replace brittle in concrete production was evaluated. The clays were characterized by granulometry, plasticity index, X - ray diffraction, differential thermal and gravimetric analysis, dilatometric analysis, X - ray fluorescence, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, specific area. Test specimens were produced by uniaxial pressing at 30 MPa in a rectangular (60x20x12 mm3) and cylindrical (20 in height and 20 mm in diameter) and fired at 1100oC. It was observed that 1-PIN, 2-IN and 4 -MA were the ones that presented better results of water absorption, compressive strength and apparent specific mass due to the range of flux oxides presented (4.5 to 5.9%), fire loss between (3.8 and 8.8 %) and low organic matter content (<3.4%). The specimens of the ceramic formulations without and with incorporation of 5,10 and 20% of packaging glass waste were fired and subsequently characterized. It was observed that, after fired at 1100oC, all the formulations presented parameters of mechanical resistance to compression, water absorption and specific mass comparable to those of the gravel, with the exception of the mass containing 20% of waste that presented the same results when fired at 1000oC, contributing to reduce the fired temperature and reduce the environmental impact.O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar tecnologicamente cinco argilas utilizadas em setores de cerâmica no Brasil. Sua potencialidade para produzir agregado sintético de argila calcinada para substituir britas na produção de concreto foi avaliada. As argilas foram caracterizadas por ensaios de granulometria, índice de plasticidade, difração de raios X, análise térmica diferencial e gravimétrica, análise dilatométrica, fluorescência de raios X, teor de matéria orgânica, capacidade de troca de cátions, área específica. Corpos de prova foram produzidos por prensagem uniaxial a 30 MPa, em formato retangular (60x20x12 mm3) e cilíndrico (20 de altura e 20 mm de diâmetro) e queimados a 1100oC.Foi observado que as argilas 1-PIN, 2-IN e 4-MA foram as que apresentaram melhores resultados de absorção de água, resistência a compressão e massa específica aparente devido à faixa de óxidos fundentes apresentados (4,5 a 5,9%), perda ao fogo entre (3,8 e 8,8%) e baixo índice de matéria orgânica (< 3,4%). Os corpos das formulações cerâmicas sem e com incorporção de 5,10 e 20% de resíduo de vidro de embalagem, foram queimados e posteriormente caracterizados. Foi observado que, após queima a 1100oC todas as formulações apresentaram parâmetros de resistência mecânica a compressão, absorção de água e massa específica comparáveis aos da brita, com excessão da massa contendo 20% de resíduo que apresentou os mesmos resultados quando queimados a 1000oC, contribuindo para redução da temperatura de queima e o impacto ambiental provocado pelo resíduo descartado.
São Cristóvão, SE
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Bajer, Tomáš. "Problematika využití surovin na bázi skelných recyklátů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371894.
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Presented work deals with the problem of solar glass waste recycling. In theoretical part recent EU regulation regarding waste management is presented. Different ways of PV panels recycling are explained as well as raw materials for glass production are listed. Differences between regular and solar glass is explained. In experimental part different recipes using solar glass waste and polymer binders are presented. Grindability was tested on specimen tiles. Potential of solar glass waste for manufacturing products with acoustic properties was examined.
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Baldan, Victor José dos Santos. "Desenvolvimento e caracterização de placas poliméricas produzidas a partir da reciclagem do resíduo industrial de poliuretana termofixa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102131/tde-30062016-102309/.
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Os compósitos são materiais formados por duas fases de diferentes propriedades químicas e físicas, sendo uma matriz e um reforço, que apresentam alta rigidez, melhores respostas à fadiga sob cargas cíclicas, leveza e resistência mecânica, o que os torna viáveis para substituir materiais nobres e de custo elevado, com diversas aplicações na aeronáutica, nos esportes, na indústria bélica e principalmente na construção civil. Além disso, os compósitos podem ser obtidos a partir da incorporação de resíduos em sua composição, solucionando problemas como o descarte irregular. Com o intuito de contribuir nessa área de conhecimento o presente estudo propôs o desenvolvimento de um compósito em forma de placas poliméricas a partir da incorporação do agregado reciclado de poliuretana termofixa reciclado à resina vegetal de mamona e à mantas de fibra de vidro. Para isso, o trabalho estabeleceu uma metodologia na qual o resíduo industrial de poliuretana termofixa é transformado em agregado reciclado, a partir de processos de corte e moagem, caracterização e classificação segundo as normas NBR 10.004 a 10.007 (ABNT, 2004). Na sequência, com o auxílio de uma prensa térmica, foi possível confeccionar as placas poliméricas e caracterizálas quanto às suas propriedades mecânicas (tração, flexão, punção), físicas (absorção em água, inchamento, densidade e dureza), térmicas (condutividade térmica) e quanto ao seu potencial de durabilidade (resistência ao impacto, à abrasão superficial, ao ataque químico, à exposição ao ultravioleta e às intempéries, resistividade elétrica e flamabilidade). Os resultados obtidos por meio dos ensaios realizados apontaram que os parâmetros ensaiados comportaram-se como materiais semelhantes àqueles utilizados na construção civil, o que possibilita a utilização do material desenvolvido nesta pesquisa em aplicações por este setor.This study proposes the development of a composite material in the form of polymer slabs. The material is created from the incorporation of recycled thermoset polyurethane to castor oil resin and glass fiber mats. Composite materials are formed by two phases with different chemical and physical properties. One phase is a matrix, and the other a reinforcement. These materials are highly stiff, light, have mechanical strength and present better responses to fatigue under cyclic loads. These properties make them a substitute for noble materials, being eligible for uses in aviation, sports, the arms industry and, specially, civil construction. Furthermore, composites may be obtained by the incorporation of residue, solving problems of waste disposal. In the procedures undertaken, the industrial waste of thermoset polyurethane is transformed into a recycled aggregate, achieved by the cutting, grinding, characterization and classification in compliance to the ABNT standards (NBR 10.004 to10.007). Afterwards, with the use of a thermal press, it was possible to produce the slabs and characterize them according to the following properties: mechanical (tensile strength, and puncture), physical (water absorption, swelling and stiffness), thermal (conductivity) and the potential durability (resistance to impact, abrasion, chemical attack. ultraviolet and weather exposure, electrical resistance, and flammability). The test results indicated that the composite behaves similarly to materials used in civil construction, which enables its use in the area.
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Zandecki, Erin Marie. "The Effects of Informational Prompts and Performance Feedback on Recyclign Behavior." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4265.
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Recycling behavior was examined by the implementation of Informational Prompts and Performance Feedback. Prompts containing facts on recycling and waste along with group performance feedback were studied at The Florida Mental Health Institute at The University of South Florida (Tampa campus). Informational Prompts were introduced by placing informational facts about recycling and waste by 26 bins throughout the building. Performance feedback signs were placed by the same bins and included the frequency of recycled material and trash discarded in the recycling bins on a daily basis when the campus was open. The results showed that both interventions increased recycling. Informational Prompts showed an increase in recycling and a decrease in trash placed in the recycling bin. Performance Feedback showed a stronger increase in recycling when compared to Informational Prompts. The combination of the two produced a significant increase in the amount of recyclable material placed in the recycling bins and a decrease in the waste placed in the recycling containers.
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Suetake, Graziela Yumi. "Avaliação do desempenho térmico de mantas isolantes em guaritas de fibra de vidro." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2780.
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Tratando-se de construções leves, para as condições climáticas de Curitiba, é recomendável o uso de materiais de cobertura que minimizem a transferência de calor no verão, porém evitando perdas de calor no inverno. A utilização de materiais isolantes como barreiras radiantes, formadas, por exemplo, por folhas de alumínio justapostas, pode trazer vantagens térmicas nessas duas situações. Uma opção de baixo custo para exercer a função de uma barreira radiante baseia-se no uso de embalagens Tetra Pak® , as quais têm uma de suas faces aluminizada. A pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho térmico das seguintes mantas isolantes: placas de 50 mm de Isopor® , foil dupla face e mantas Tetra Pak® em coberturas de guaritas de fibra de vidro, em condições reais de exposição aos elementos do clima e nos períodos de transição outono-inverno e primavera-verão. Os procedimentos metodológicos no período de transição outono-inverno compreenderam a comparação das temperaturas do ar e superficiais da cobertura. No período de transição primavera-verão, realizou-se a comparação das temperaturas do ar, superficiais da cobertura e das paredes face leste e face sul e da medição do fluxo de calor, para cálculo da resistência térmica. A utilização das mantas Tetra Pak® com a face aluminizada voltada para a cobertura ou com revestimento em dupla face (duas mantas Tetra Pak® coladas - ambas as faces aluminizadas expostas) apresentaram uma redução na temperatura superficial máxima de 9,8°C e 9,3°C, respectivamente e um aumento na temperatura superficial mínima de 2,7°C e 2,0°C, respectivamente. Para o período de transição primavera-verão os resultados para as mantas Tetra Pak® mostraram-se superiores aos das placas de Isopor® e do foil dupla face.In light-weight buildings under the climatic conditions of Curitiba, it is recommended the use of roofing materials that minimize heat gains in summer while avoiding heat losses in winter. The use of insulating materials such as radiant barriers, formed, for example, by juxtaposed aluminum sheets, can bring thermal advantages in such situations. A low-cost option to perform the function of a radiant barrier is based on the use of open Tetra Pak® packages, which have one of their aluminized sides exposed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the thermal performance of the following insulation sheets: 50mm Styropor® , double-sided foil and Tetra Pak® sheets for fiberglass enclosures, in conditions of natural exposure to weather elements and in transitional periods in fall-winter and spring-summer. The methodological procedures in the autumn-winter transitional period comprised the comparison of air and surface temperatures of the roof elements. In spring-summer, air and surface temperatures of roof and walls (east- and south-facing) were compared and the measurement of the heat flow, to calculate the thermal resistance. The use of Tetra Pak® sheets with an upward-facing aluminized side or with double-sided coating (two glued, open Tetra Pak® packages - aluminized faces exposed) showed a reduction in the maximum surface temperature of 9.8°C and 9.3°C, respectively, and an increase in the minimum surface temperature of 2.7°C and 2.0°C, respectively. For the spring-summer transitional period, results for Tetra Pak® sheets were superior to those of Styropor® and double-sided foils.
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Zahour, Selim. "Performances de fibres synthétiques issues du recyclage. Role des propriétés aux interfaces sur le comportements au temps et à l'usage." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR019/document.
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Nous nous sommes intéressés dans ce travail à l’étude du vieillissement physique d’un non-tissé fabriqué à l’aide de fibres textiles issues du recyclage de bouteilles plastiques selon le procédé par voie sèche. L’application de ce non-tissé est l’isolation thermique des bâtiments français. Après avoir mis en évidence la présence de deux réseaux de fibres, nous nous sommes intéressés au phénomène de relaxation structurale. Le vieillissement physique du non-tissé étant régi par l’enrobage d’une des fibres utilisées dans la fabrication de celui-ci, nous avons observé l’évolution de l’enthalpie de relaxation en fonction de différents couples temps de vieillissement, écart de température par rapport à sa température de transition vitreuse. Les résultats ont mis en évidence un état d’avancement du mécanisme de relaxation quasi-nul pour des températures très éloignées de la température de transition vitreuse de l’enrobage. L’évolution de cette même enthalpie de relaxation a été étudiée pour différents non-tissés issus de différents lots de fabrication des cinq dernières années. Il a été mis en évidence un mécanisme de relaxation lent dans les conditions expérimentales nous rassurant quant à la stabilité du produit fini dans le tempsWe focused on physical ageing of a non-woven produced by recycled fibers from plastic bottles. This non-woven is produced by drylaid-textile process and is used for building thermal insulation. Two networks are visible and structural relaxation has been investigated through the study of evolution of one fiber skin part with different couple time, temperature. Physical ageing of polymers can be followed by structural relaxation process. We showed that structural relaxation process is very long for temperatures of use far from glass transition temperature. Same results have been shown on the global non-woven stored in non-insulated box governed by Normandy weather. The combination of the two previous results reinforce our basic idea ; the insulator properties variation will be stable for long time only if temperature of use is far from glass transition temperature
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Lino, Helio Francisco Corrêa. "A indústria de reciclagem e a questão ambiental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-27102011-085538/.
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Esta tese pesquisou a questão da reciclagem no Brasil, destacando quatro dos mais significativos resíduos sólidos recicláveis: as latas de alumínio, o papel, as garrafas polipolietileno-tereftalato (PET) e o vidro. Busca oferecer maiores subsídios sobre um tema que só recentemente tem sido melhor estudado, dada a sua ligação com o meio ambiente e a polêmica sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável.This thesis researched about recycling in Brazil highlighting four of the most significatives recyclily solid residues, e.g. tin (aluminium) cans, paper, bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the glass. Due to its liaison with the environment and the controversies about the sustainable development, this thesis offer great subsidies about a theme that only recently has been deeply studied.
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CHANG, CHENG-YENG, and 張振營. "Research on Taiwan Glass Containers and Recycling." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33aaqu.
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碩士明新科技大學
管理研究所碩士在職專班
104
Abstract This research is subject to ANP survey analysis through the further detailed interview with the glass recycling industries and the glass container manufacturers. It found that the most concerned issues of the recycling industries are the glass recycling regulations formulated and the recycling industry management capacity, but, all the most of industrial operators have expressed their great support in promoting the recycling regulations and policies. However, the recycling suppliers have given a positive evaluation in the government implement of Recycling Regulations, but, all of them adopt the conservative attitude in assessing the influence to their own related cost and the impact situation to their own industry competition. To upgrade quality of Glass container supply chain, it may effect impacts to the willingness of recycling industry and the recycling vicious competition among suppliers, furthermore, the normalization of supply chain operations should be the most attention by industry operators. Also, the upstream and downstream cooperation and the transport routes will make great impacts to the recycling industrial ecology to tend oligopolistic market conditions. The recycled product re-production cost and the glass cullet processing capacity have been to be the most important consideration issues to the investment of glass manufacturers. This research is on the plan to interview 30 experts and leads into the Super Decision of ANP level analysis as a basis to calculate the value of CR criteria and the weight ratio, and to explore the serious relevant issues between the glass recycling industries and the glass container manufacturers by making recommendations. B. Keywords: glass, ANP, network-level analysis, Resource recycling
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LIN, PEI-CHI, and 林珮琪. "Recycling waste oyster shell to fabricate light-weight glass and glass ceramics." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4suua2.
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HSU, CHENG-KUANG, and 徐丞寬. "Recycling of Coal Fly Ash and Sediment for Foam Glass." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w9b26w.
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碩士東海大學
環境科學與工程學系
107
In order to recycle wastes and re-assign their value of them, this study uses coal fly ash and reservoir sediment separately, mixed with waste glass, foaming agent and foam stabilizer to prepare emerging building materials—foam glass. The mixture is about 7 grams and pressed, formed under 4000 psi pressure by a hydraulic press machine. The shape of pressed pellets are cylindical. The temperature rising conditions are in four-stages. The maximum temperatures for foaming reaction are from 750°C, 775°C, 800°C, 825°C and 850°C. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the finished product were analyzed, including XRD, ICP, SEM, bulk density, water absorption, thermalconductivity, compressive strength, porosity and loss on ignition, to understand the various properties of the products and raw materials.Closed porosity is an important basis to justify foam glass. The close porosity of the acceptable samples is mostly between 70 and 90%. The results show that as the temperature increases, product density decreases, and the compressive strength decreases. At 750°C, the bulk density of the products is >1 g/cm3, which does not conform the requirements of foam glass. At higher temperatures, the product size becomes larger due to excessive foaming, leading to lighter and less compressive strength products. Products fired at 800°C are preferred for comprehensive evaluation of all aspects. The thermal conductivity is between 0.068 to 0.073 W m-1k-1, indicating a good thermal insulation material.All TCLP concentration meet legal standard, which means the products can be classified as one of green building materials.
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Lin, Mei Chih, and 林美智. "Dancing with Glass Bottles –Experimental Glass Art Works and Statements of Recycling Glasses by Mei Chih Lin." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93645578555075274282.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
藝術學系碩士班
96
Dancing with Glass Bottles - Experimental Glass Art Works and Statements of Recycling Glasses by Mei Chih Lin Extract I believe that we are all angels who come down to earth to learn and practice in preparation for the so-called transmigration of life. With each reincarnation, we find that the more wishes we vow to achieve, the more dreams we realize. With a mind to cherish the natural resources of the earth, I chose to use glass bottles. The special qualities of glass, along with the choice to reuse and recycle bottles, became sources of inspiration and creation, and provided the grounds upon which to build this project. My study is focused primarily on observing the various ways glass can stack, take on color, flow, and curve through reforming processes in a high temperature oven. These phenomena of glass provide various creative possibilities and inspire me with innovative ideas for experimental demonstrations. The ease with which glass bottles can be reinvented and remade under high temperatures reflects the cycles of life. At first sight, glass is splendid and fascinating. However, it can also break easily. Similarly, nothing in life is ever constant; the world is in a state of flux. This echoes the Buddhist philosophies in which I believe. My study goes on in two directions, the first of which is developing practical usage for glass bottle products in daily life. One use is making glass bottles into plates, desk cushions, rings, etc, and another is creating small pieces of art work. The technique of molding or piecing glasses together to create different effects is widely used. This is a simple way to use the material of glass to display various kinds of innovation. The second direction of this study is probing into the inner world of myself. Throughout the course of reusing and recreating of glass bottles, I felt as if I was probing into the inner world of myself. During the innovation process, that which had been locked up deep inside of my mind was able to surface and show itself. Thus my study was an adventure in daily life, reflecting my thoughts and feelings again and again. In this way, I reflect on all sorts of joys and sorrows through the whole journey, put aside a disorderly state of mind, and restore orderliness. Working with the glass bottles provided me with opportunities to be alone and tranquil. I found that through the journey of my study, I had more times to be myself, to retreat in meditation, and to let my creativity and enthusiasm rejuvenate in preparation for future works. Key Word: glass arts, glass bottle, Recycling glasses
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SU, YI-JU, and 蘇薏茹. "Developing advanced treatment and glass-materialization technologies for recycling MSWI fly ash." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56965741621226187280.
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碩士國立聯合大學
環境與安全衛生工程學系碩士班
104
For developing non-Muzha municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ashes with the possibility of no more cement solidification/landfill treatment and increasing the value of reuse products, two similar M and H MSWI fly ashes (high Cl– content of 20.1–23.6% and TCLP-Pb of 10.30–11.12 mg/L, exceeding regulatory limit) were studied in the following two parts: (1) Detoxification of fly ash: detoxification by multi-treatment technologies and minimizing fly ash Cl– content < 1% using M fly ash. (2) Producing valuable fly ash products: fly ash mixed with some materials and firing at different temperature to produce inedible normal and lead-containing glasses using H fly ash. The results of detoxification of M fly ash showed that TCLP-heavy metals past the regulatory limits and Cl– content reduced to 0.36% at the operation conditions of low L/S (1.2 and 2), 2 days aging and 0.1 M H2SO4 treatment. The best treatment process was water extraction + 2 days aging + acid stabilization combined with aging, which not only shortened the processing time but also met the detoxification goal; furthermore, fly ash Cl– content was only 0.35% (< 1%) and Cl– removal in solid phase was 99.39% (liquid phase removal was 73.23%). The best production of inedible normal glass made from fly ash was R-9 (materials were 29% original fly ash +29% Na2CO3 + 42%SiO2 + 1% activated carbon, firing at 1,300 °C for 1 hr). Glass analysis of Na-Ca-Si structure, no porosity, and Cd and Pb below leaching regulatory limits were observed; moreover, density and refractive index were 2.67 g/cm3 and 1.561 respectively, better than that of market sold normal glass. In the best production of inedible lead-containing glass made from fly ash sludge was P-2 (materials were 26% fly ash extracted sludge +26% K2CO3 + 48%SiO2, firing at 1,300 °C for 1 hr). Glass analysis of K2O-PbO-SiO2 structure, no porosity, Cd below leaching regulatory limit, but Pb leaching of 12.50 mg/dm2 were observed; additionally, density and refractive index were 2.77 g/cm3 and 1.566 respectively, better than that of R-9 glass. All of the results can be further provided for non-Muzha MSWI plants in the fly ash detoxification and resources recovery.
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Chen, Yen-Ming, and 陳彥鳴. "Analyses of the Resources Recycling Technology and Potential Utilization of Waste Glass." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04923858955600041533.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境規劃與管理研究所
92
Solid waste contains a large amount of waste glass. Waste glass is massy material and is hard to be decomposed. It can’t be treated as conventional landfill disposal because it will shorten the lifecycle of landfill site. Taiwan EPA carried out 〝Four in one resource recycle project〞 in 1998, and it increased nearly 5 times the amount of the resource recycling glass from 1997 to 2002. However, the main recycling technology of waste glass was regarded glassworks as partly raw materials of remade container. Therefore, we accumulate a large amount of recycling glass, due to the limited technique in resource-recycling, the recycle traders and sanitary workers are discouraged by the stress of stocking up. Due to the lack of the recycling technology and management and the rapid growth in accumulated recycling glass, we face awkward situation of recycling glass. Therefore, we need to seek new circulating channels and management styles, or it will loss the meaning of recycling glass. This research discusses the three kinds of glass, including the glass container which is the major part of waste glass, waste CRT glass, and waste fluorescent tube. The purpose of this research is to discuss the potential utilization that can apply each waste glass recycling technology in home. For solving the problem of rapid growth in accumulated waste glass, we hope this research can offer multiple channels and management scheme to government.
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Hardman, Murray R. "Trans - form - medium: the transformation of light, space and process through the medium of glass, a glass recycling hub for Waste Reclaimers in Newtown." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17875.
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This document is submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree:
Master of Architecture [Professional]
at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, in the year 2014. Supervised by Professor Diaan van der WesthuizenHigh levels of unemployment are a reality in many of the urban areas of South Africa. Poverty and hardship compel many of the unemployed to venture into the urban informal economy in order to survive. The South African government have found new ways of creating employment opportunities, one of which is within the recycling industry. There is an increased demand for minimizing mankind’s environmental footprint. Glass is a material that has been used for centuries and has the ability to be recycled infinitely without losing its quality (Marson, n.d). This together with the need for glass amongst consumers and the endlessly recycling nature of glass makes glass recycling a significant sustainable measure in considering environmental impacts (2011, 2012 Annual Review: Glass Recycling Company). Despite these properties, glass continues to be an undervalued material that can utilize low technology in its recycling process. This study aimed at investigating the formal and informal recycling economy within the city of Johannesburg by providing the opportunity for the Waste Reclaimers (Trolley Pushers) to be an integral part of the recycling process, specifically with glass. A further aim was to explore the tectonics of a factory to create a space where the Waste Reclaimers could gather, connect and engage with the product of glass. Lastly it aimed to provide a space where the general public could also engage in the product of glass recycling thereby creating awareness and promotion of recycling. The project proposed a glass recycling factory where the process of glass recycling culminates with the production of glass. The site selected for this research is located within the industrial part of the Newtown precinct. This has become a central recycling hub for the Waste Reclaimers of Johannesburg as it links private recycling centres within the city. Newtown is an area of flux, marked by a history of industrial and political disruption. This area represents change and opportunity for growth and life. A space recycled and regenerated throughout the history of Johannesburg. The reason for the choice of topic is that the evolution of recycling in Johannesburg has reached a point where municipalities need to acknowledge the informal sector as a valuable part of the recycling economy. The majority of the literature on recycling and the organization of the recycling process predominantly focuses on the collection of waste as means of job creation. An opportunity therefore presented itself to highlight the production, and craftsmanship of recyclable material. To clarify and further place the Waste Reclaimers within the existing waste management system, the theory of Phenomenology has been explored. It will focus on the phenomenological term of “Lifeworld” which describes a way of life where the individual’s aspiration, perceptions, experiences, beliefs and behaviour forms a holistic unity towards a fulfilling, meaningful, existence (Seamon, 2012). This exploration will give insight to how this building will provide the Waste Reclaimer a sense of identification and orientation within this system of the recycling industry. In order to better understand the complexity of the existing waste management system, the theory of Systems has been explored focusing on the principal of an open system as a way of broadening the lifeworld of the Waste Reclaimers Precedent studies of PFG Building Glass windscreen recovery facility; Zama City Waste; the comparison of factory tectonics between the Crystal Palace, Toledo Museum of Art Glass and the Crucible Glassblowing studio; the Glass Chapel and The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art were used to inform the design. The network of the Waste Reclaimers was also documented in order to understand their routes and network across the city and the surrounding suburbs. The impact of the design found that the proposed space created opportunities for pause and transformation using light, space and process. The idea of transformation is process. Process is represented by a linear path with adjacent spaces of function and support. These spaces will transform according to their activities and associated light qualities. These spaces will thus become the medium through which people and activities change.
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Chen, Kuan-Ming, and 陳冠銘. "The Recycling of The LCD Glass and Cullet Glasses for Foaming Process by Microwave Heating." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hk598z.
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碩士遠東科技大學
機械工程研究所
101
Glass material is the people's livelihood necessities. As the use and consumption is huger, the amount of waste glass is quite huger. The annual abandonment amount is 1,360,000 tons in Taiwan. And there is no recovery value for these waste glasses. The present recycle way is to crush for pave the way, mostly. In the condition of low energy consumption, this research will recycle the glass by reduce the density with improving the properties of insulating against heat and replacing the cobblestone for building. This porous glass is expected as the light building materials. The purity of the carbon powder was improved because it was burn and removed the impurity by many times microwave heating. The temperature of improved carbon powder raised from 800℃ to 890 ℃. The weight loss was 37% and 52.2% for cooling in furnace and air after 3 min microwave heating with 6.08g carbon powder, separately. For air cooling this carbon powder was burn and oxidized with higher reaction rate. The higher temperature of carbon powder was produced by the smaller volume of the crucible at 900W microwave power, because the carbon powder absorbed the microwave and produced combustion energy continuously. The heat was unable to spread outside and was isolated by the crucible. The temperature was increased by absorbing microwave and combustion phenomena of carbon powder. As the surface temperature of the glass block was over the softening point of this glass by the heat of hot carbon powders, the sharp corner was to be a cambered surface, firstly. Because of the cohesive force of liquid glass, the glass fragment was shrinking to be a ball, gradually. The hot carbon powders incorporated into these soften glass, gradually. The bubble was formed continuously by the increasing pressure of carbon dioxide because of carbon oxidation. The glass body was swelling because the bubble was produced. The glass fragments were kept in touch each other in the microwave process and then firstly taken shape globularly. These fragments were melted with other glasses to form a bigger one. The density of porous glass was 1.54 g/cm3 - 1.78 g/cm3 and was lower than 2.34 g/cm3 of concrete. The globular appearance of the porous glass was favorable to flow. There were 20μm -100μm bubbles in the glass body. The low density and heat insulation of these porous glasses made this material be suit for the light building materials with the function of insulating against heat. As directly microwave heating on liquid crystal glass, the temperature of the circuit wires was increased quickly because that the microwave acted on the LCD glass first. At same time the polarized light film strongly adhered on the glass and was burn. The temperature was 300-400℃.The binder lost stickiness because of high temperature. It made the glass separated with the polarized light film. After 900W microwave heating, the bubbles emerged in the hot liquid crystal glass that has circuit wires. The position of these bubbles were all connect up the position as the center with the circuit wires and formed a succession of bubbles along the circuit wire. The bubble size was regular between 0.127mm and 0.6165mm. Some of the small bubbles were with the size between 43 μm and 71μm. When two small bubbles or a lot of bubbles were touched to be 140μm, they merged each other into a bigger bubble spontaneously in order to reduce their surface tension.
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Hou, Po-Chen, and 侯博震. "Reuse of Waste Glass Powder for substitution of Fine Aggregate in the recycling Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91261792262127694019.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
92
permanent development, environmental protection and resource conservation are the world kid issues begin pursed by every country .The reduction of rubbishes and the permanent development of resource are also a major concer of human begin. In Taiwan, the amount of rubbishes is approximately 7.84million tones per year, which consists of large quantity of recycling wastages, like papers 26% ~37%, plastics 17% ~21%, metals 4% ~8% and glasses 4% ~8%; There will be a major contribution for the environmental protection, if the wastages can be recycled. Furthermore, 13.2million of Asphalts are needed on road constructions annually for development and protection, apart from having large amount of sands and stones, about 5million of eradicated wastages are also left per year, which cause the damage to the environment. Due to the shortage of the sands and the stones, if the eradicated wastages can be recycled, then extractions of sands and stones and the damage to environment can be reduced This research is based on using recycled gravel glasses, by having 5%, 10% and 15% in the material; the concentration of gravel glasses is dependent of the weight of the material. This replaces the molecules in Asphalt, then while an appropriate adjustment and Marshall testing are being done, the Asphalt recycling rule in chapter02966 published by the Public Construction Committee is followed to evaluate the level of Recycling Agents and the suitable concentration of oil for each replaced amount. At last, by using each parameter of the Marshall testing bodies and the corresponding objects, then have a comparison of the mechanics and the durable characteristics of Asphalt of each gravel glasses concentration in order to investigate the recycling Asphalt of best gravel glasses concentration
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Peng, Meng-Yin, and 彭孟吟. "A Study on Bi-level Mathematical Programming for Setting Recycling and Treatment Fee to Recyclable Containers– A case of the Subsidy Decision to Recycling Glass Industries in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40443845116080819694.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
管理科學研究所碩士班
96
T his study tries to make a subsidy decision to recycling glass industries in Taiwan through a bi-level programming problem (BLPP). The upper-level decision unit is Recycling Fund Management Board (RFMB), Environmental Protection Administration of ROC Government (Taiwan), and the lower-level''s is the recycling industries. Since the objectives of both levels are usually conflict, the BLPP model can simulate the actual decision-making process and obtain an optimal solution under an interactive behavior. Because the resources are always scarce, reducing, reuse and recycling (3R) are the important actions to save our resources, and recycling is the most important issue for protect our environment if the former two actions are invalid. In the year of 1998, RFMB has been established for controlling waste recycling materials by setting up the recycling and treatment fee to recycling industries for increasing recycling ratio, and the funds are collected from manufacturers and importers for their responsibility. The determination of recycling subsidy can affect recycling industries, manufacturers, and RFMB itself. We simplify the problem as a BLPP model. The upper-level''s objective is to balance the input and output of the funds and maximize the amount of recycling materials; the lower-level''s objective is to maximize the profits of the recycling industries. Here the glass containers are chosen as the target for ease of recycling and saving energy use in manufacturing process. The BLPP can be transformed into a one-level problem via KKT optimality conditions, and then into a 0-1 non-linear programming problem by variable substitution. Thus, the optimal solutions can be obtained through Lingo software. As a result, the ratio of the collected glass containers to the whole produced containers, instead of the willingness of recycling, has been positively impacted by the price of processed recycling glass materials in a market and negatively influenced by the processing cost of the industries. In addition, the ratio is also positively affected by the amount of the recycling and treatment fee to recycling glass industries from RFMB. Afterwards, a parameter analysis on the amount of the subsidies is executed, and the result shows that the recycling ratio will grow as the amount is increased. Furthermore, after comparing current formulation to the BLPP model, we find that the model has a great advantage for accounting for both levels'' objectives and constraints to mimic the decision making in the real world. Hence, the model can be regarded as a useful tool for tariff setting on recyclable containers in Taiwan in the future.