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Journal articles on the topic 'Recycling of concrete'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 January 2023

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Zhang, Jun Hua, Zong Hui Zhou, De Cheng Zhang, and Xin Cheng. "Influence of Artificial Aggregates on the ITZ's Microstructure of Recycling Concrete." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.180.

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Artificial aggregates with high-performance were prepared by the methods including steel slag, furnace slag, fly ash and coal gangue, and the recycling concrete was prepared by artificial aggregates instead of natural aggregates. This kind of concrete abandoned was able to completely regenerate cement, which will make the reuse of concrete possible. The composition and characteristics of the artificial aggregates will produce a significant effect on the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in recycling concrete. The morphological features and mineral composition of three artificial aggregates were analyzed by SEM and XRD, and the ITZ of three recycling concrete and one ordinary concrete was investigated by SEM and EDS. The results showed that compared with ordinary concrete, although the recycling concretes ITZ had a small amount of CH crystal, most of the space was filled with dense hydration products. The interface width was 40μm, which less than 50μm of ordinary concrete. Artificial aggregates with different ratio of raw materials had a great effect on recycling concretes ITZ. The ITZ of recycling concrete prepared with 30% steel slag, 50% furnace slag, 20% fly ash had the smallest Ca/Si and much more C-S-H. the structure of ITZ was much denser and the microstructure was relatively better.

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2

Hoffmann Sampaio, Carlos, Bogdan G. Cazacliu, Weslei Monteiro Ambrós, Márcio André Kronbauer, Rejane MC Tubino, Denise CC Dal Molin, Josep Oliva, Gérson L. Miltzarek, Regis P. Waskow, and Viviane LG dos Santos. "Demolished concretes recycling by the use of pneumatic jigs." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20902835.

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Large quantities of construction and demolition waste is generated annually around the world. Part of this material is processed in recycling plants. After removing metals, fines and lights, the construction and demolition waste is crushed and sized and can be used as aggregates for low resistance concrete, for road sub-base, city landfill and other low value-added applications. For their use as coarse aggregate in structural concretes, construction and demolition waste must exhibit high densities and regularity of the material. This material usually is presented in demolished concretes. About 20% of the particles from demolished concretes can be used as coarse aggregates substituting part of natural aggregates in structural concretes. This article presents studies of demolished concretes recycling by the use of a pneumatic jig. All jigging tests were carried out with three different concretes produced in three strength classes: C16/20, ordinary concrete; C50/60, high strength concrete; and C70/85, very high strength concrete. Based on density distribution of the three concretes, there are reasonable masses with densities over 2.7 g cm−3, particle density considered appropriate to the used as coarse aggregate for structural concretes. The concretes present different mass recoveries of the denser particles (different liberation). Coarse aggregates can be recovered with reasonable masses by the use of air jigs: About 65% for high strength concretes and about 75% for the low strength concrete. The jigging concentration efficiency depends on the concrete liberation, density and size distribution.

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3

Férriz Papí, J. A. "Recycling of fresh concrete exceeding and wash water in concrete mixing plants." Materiales de Construcción 64, no. 313 (September 27, 2013): e004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2013.00113.

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4

Dosho, Y. "Sustainable concrete waste recycling." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 161, no. 2 (May 2008): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/coma.2008.161.2.47.

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5

Iida, Kazuhiko, Tatsuhiko Saeki, and Shigeyoshi Nagataki. "Concrete Recycling included Cement." Concrete Research and Technology 11, no. 3 (2000): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/crt1990.11.3_139.

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6

Akbarnezhad, A., M. Huan, S. Mesgari, and A. Castel. "Recycling of geopolymer concrete." Construction and Building Materials 101 (December 2015): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.037.

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7

YAMADA, Masaru, and Atsuhiro HONDA. "Recycling concrete waste wood." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 18, no. 4 (1989): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.18.210.

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8

Węglorz, Marek, Andrzej Ajdukiewicz, and Alina Kliszczewicz. "Assessment of recycled concrete aggregate properties required for structural concretes." MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926206010.

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Assessment of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) properties by laboratory tests is still required due to lack of precise guidelines and with taking into account slightly different behaviour of such concretes in comparison with natural aggregate concretes (NAC). It is especially important when recycled concrete aggregates are used for the structural elements. In this paper, the following rules for the whole concrete recycling cycle were defined: (1) rules for examination of original concretes selected for recycling and (2) rules for aggregate preparation and their fractionize as well as design rules for recycled aggregate concrete mixtures (including required tests of recycled aggregates and concrete properties). Requirements towards recycled aggregate concrete formulated in this paper are based on the long term experience and research works on the RAC which were held by A. Ajdukiewicz and A. Kliszczewicz in the Department of Structural Engineering of the Silesian University of Technology, practically since 1995.

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9

LARSEN, O. A., V. V. NARUTS, and V. V. VORONIN. "CONCRETE RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE." Building and reconstruction 88, no. 2 (2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2020-88-2-61-66.

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10

Sri Ravindrarajah, R., and C. T. Tam. "Recycling concrete as fine aggregate in concrete." International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete 9, no. 4 (November 1987): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0262-5075(87)90007-8.

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11

Feng, Jin Cai, Ping Hua Zhu, and Qun Xia. "Mechanical Behaviors of Structural Concrete Using Recycled Aggregates from Repeatedly Recycling Waste Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1379.

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This paper reports an expermiental study on mechanical behaviors of structural concrete using recycled aggregates from repeatedly recycling waste concrete. Five series of natural aggregate concretes with compressive strengths of 25MPa, 30MPa, 40MPa, 50MPa and 60MPa were used as recycled coarse and fine aggregates to produce recycled concrete with an objective compressive strength of 30MPa after they were cured for 28d. These recycled concretes were used as aggregates to produce concrete with the same objective compressive strength of 30MPa. The cycles were carried on until the indices evaluating the quality of recycled coarse or fine aggregate exceeded the tolerance. The mechanical behaviors of these concrete were tested. The results indicates that that with the increase of the cyclic number, the mechanical properties of recycled concrete, including compressive strength, tensile splitting strength, modulus of elasticity, gradually stabilize after obviously decreaing in the first instance.

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12

Badraddin, Abdulmalek K., Afiqah R. Radzi, Saud Almutairi, and Rahimi A. Rahman. "Critical Success Factors for Concrete Recycling in Construction Projects." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053102.

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This study explores the success factors of concrete recycling in construction projects, using Malaysia as a case study. The objectives include (1) identifying the critical success factors for concrete recycling in construction projects, (2) comparing the critical success factors between large enterprises (LEs) and small–medium enterprises (SMEs), and (3) developing constructs that group the critical success factors. First, a list of success factors was identified through semi-structured interviews with fifteen construction industry professionals and a systematic literature review of journal articles. This list was then incorporated into a questionnaire and disseminated to industry professionals. Eighty-nine valid responses were collected and analyzed using mean score ranking, normalization, agreement analysis, and factor analysis techniques. The analyses showed ten critical success factors for concrete recycling. The critical success factors include the availability of uniform standards for concrete recycling, adequate awareness among project stakeholders on concrete recycling, appropriate construction waste management plans, government policies to support concrete recycling, good marketing strategy for concrete recycling, good communication among employees, applications for recycled concrete in sub-industries, provisions in work method statements on concrete recycling, positive legislation toward concrete recycling, and availability of concrete recycling infrastructure. However, the percentage of agreement between SMEs and LEs for the ten critical success factors was only 22%. In other words, there is no consensus on criticality across organizational sizes. Finally, the critical success factors can be categorized into two interrelated groups: external and internal. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the necessary success factors for concrete recycling. The study findings allow researchers and practitioners to develop strategies to promote concrete recycling.

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13

Taffese, Woubishet Zewdu. "Suitability Investigation of Recycled Concrete Aggregates for Concrete Production: An Experimental Case Study." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (September 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8368351.

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In developing countries, construction and demolition waste (CDW) is disposed to landfill, causing social, environmental, and economic crises. In these nations, CDW exponentially increase due to their rapid economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization. This paper aims to examine the possibility of recycling concrete waste for production of new concrete in Ethiopia. Physical and mechanical characteristics of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) acquired from concrete waste are thoroughly examined. Though the RCA exhibited relatively lesser performance compared with the natural coarse aggregate (NCA), it reveals the same properties as of normal-weight aggregates in several instances. The performance of concrete specimens which employ RCA up to 20% is evaluated from workability, strength, and permeability aspects. The utilization of RCA slightly affects the workability and the water permeability properties of the concretes. Replacement of 10% of the NCA by the RCA enhances the compressive strength of the hardened concrete by 8%. The difference between the splitting tensile strength of the concretes which employ RCA and conventional aggregates is trivial. Generally, this work demonstrates the practicability of concrete waste recycling to produce new concrete or construction materials in Ethiopian context.

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14

Hoffmann Sampaio, Carlos, Bogdan Cazacliu, Weslei Ambrós, Márcio Kronbauer, Rejane Tubino, Denise Dal Molin, Josep Oliva Moncunill, et al. "Characterization of Demolished Concretes with Three Different Strengths for Recycling as Coarse Aggregate." Minerals 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080803.

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This paper presents a physical characterization for the recycling into new concretes of three comminuted concretes: C16/20 (“ordinary concrete”), C50/60 (“high strength concrete”), and C70/85 (“very high strength concrete”). The top size of the crushed concretes was 19.1 mm and the size range was 4.75 to 19.1 mm. The characterization was carried out with coarse aggregate liberation, to be prepared and concentrated in a gravity concentration process. The density distribution of the coarse aggregate, cement paste, and sand was carried out in different size ranges (4.75/19.1 mm; 4.75/8.0 mm; 8.0/12.5 mm; and 12.5/19.1 mm) for the three concretes studied. The form factor of the samples, as well as the porosity determination of particles in different density ranges, are presented. The obtained results indicate that the coarse aggregate liberation was more intensive for the low resistance concrete (C16/20), but a reasonable coarse aggregate recovery is possible for all concretes.

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15

Xikmatullaevich, Karimov Ravshan, Botirov Alisher Akxmadjonovich, and Ohunjonov Zukhriddin Nosirjonovich. "Recycling of old asphalt concrete." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 5 (2021): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.01361.6.

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16

Maksimychev, O. I., A. V. Ostroukh, N. A. Filippova, C. B. Pronin, and A. V. Libenko. "Ready-mixed concrete recycling system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1159, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1159/1/012034.

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17

Noguchi, T., and M. Tamura. "Concrete design towards complete recycling." Structural Concrete 2, no. 3 (September 2001): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2.3.155.40107.

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18

Noguchi, T., and M. Tamura. "Concrete design towards complete recycling." Structural Concrete 2, no. 3 (September 2001): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2001.2.3.155.

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19

Ole Olsen, T. "Recycling of offshore concrete structures." Structural Concrete 2, no. 3 (September 2001): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2001.2.3.169.

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20

Bradley, David. "Woody approach to recycling concrete." Materials Today 35 (May 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2020.03.013.

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21

Ghahfarokhe, Effat Samie, and Vaheed Shahhossienee. "Recycling concrete debris, economic and environmental effects." Environment Conservation Journal 16, SE (December 5, 2015): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2015.se1634.

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In this paper, to identify concrete methods of construction and demolition waste management and recycling waste concrete benefits were examined. Costs were calculated in different modes. By comparing them it was found that concrete debris can lead to effective recycling program. Concrete waste recycling programs can result in large economic savings and .this debris can be an affordable way to provide concrete preparation centers, as well as to increase recycling of such waste can be reduced use of natural resources and help protect the environment.

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22

Zhu, Ping Hua, Xin Jie Wang, and Jin Cai Feng. "On Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate from Repeatedly Recycling Waste Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2185.

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The properties of recycled coarsee aggregates from repeatedly recycling waste concrete were determined. In this study, five series of concrete mixtures using coarse and fine natural aggregates were prepared, which have the same objective slump value from 35mm to 50mm and different compressive strengths ranging from 25MPa to 60 MPa. These five concretes were crushed, sieved, washed with water, hot treatmented at 300°C before they were used as recycled aggregates. After that, recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was produced with an objectively compressive strength of 30MPa, in which the recycled coarse aggregate was used as 30%, 70% and 90% replacements of natural coarse aggregate and recycled fine aggregate as 10%, 20%, and 30% replacements of natural fine aggregate. After that, these recycled concretes were used as second recycled aggregates to produce RAC with the same objectively compressive strength of 30MPa. The physical properties of coarse aggregates including apparent density, water absorption, attached mortar content and crushing value were tested and their mineral characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the quality of recycled coarse aggregates from twicely recycling waste concrete reached the requirements from structural concrete.

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23

Costa, Carla, and José Marques. "Feasibility of Eco-Friendly Binary and Ternary Blended Binders Made of Fly-Ash and Oil-Refinery Spent Catalyst in Ready-Mixed Concrete Production." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 3136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093136.

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Large-scale recycling of new industrial wastes or by-products in concrete has become a crucial issue for construction materials sustainability, with impact in the three pillars (environmental, social and economic), while still maintaining satisfactory, or improved, concrete performance. The main goal of the paper is to evaluate the technological feasibility of the partial, or total, replacement of fly-ashes (FA), widely used in ready-mixed concrete production, with spent equilibrium catalyst (ECat) from the oil-refinery industry. Three different concrete mixtures with binary binder blends of FA (33.3% by mass, used as reference) and of ECat (16.7% and 33.3%), as well as a concrete mixture with a ternary binder blend with FA and ECat (16.7%, of each) were tested regarding their mechanical properties and durability. Generically, in comparison with commercial concrete (i) 16.7% ECat binary blended concrete revealed improved mechanical strength and durability; (ii): ternary FA-ECat blended binder concrete presented similar properties; and (iii) 33% ECat binary blended concrete has a lower performance. The engineering performance of all ECat concretes meet both the international standards and the reference durability indicators available in the scientific literature. Thus, ECat can be a constant supply for ready-mixed eco-concretes production, promoting synergetic waste recycling across industries.

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24

Blikharskyy, Zinoviy, Khrystyna Sobol, Taras Markiv, and Jacek Selejdak. "Properties of Concretes Incorporating Recycling Waste and Corrosion Susceptibility of Reinforcing Steel Bars." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102638.

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In this paper, properties of concretes incorporating recycling waste and corrosion susceptibility of reinforcing steel bars were studied. It was established that fineness of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) and their simultaneous combination have an influence on the kinetics of strength development of Portland cements and concretes. The compressive strength of concrete containing 10% by mass of GGBFS and 10% by mass of FA even exceeds the compressive strength of control concrete by 6.5% and concrete containing 20% by mass of GGBFS by 8.8% after 56 days of hardening. The formation of the extra amount of ettringite, calcium hydrosilicates as well as hydroaluminosilicates causes tightening of a cement matrix of concrete, reducing its water absorption, and improving its resistance to freezing and thawing damage.

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25

Last Name, Ramesh Balu Ranpise, M. S. Salunkhe, and First Name Last Name. "Recycling of Demolished Concrete and Mortar in Manufacturing of Aggregate." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 4, no. 7 (July 5, 2015): 1917–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sub155974.

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26

Fenyvesi, Olivér, and Bence Jankus. "Opportunities in recycling AAC waste as aggregate for lightweight concrete." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 67, no. 2 (2015): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2015.11.

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27

Al Bakri, A. M. Mustafa, Y. Zarina, M. N. Noor, H. Kamarudin, C. M. Ruzaidi, and A. R. Rafiza. "Study of Concrete Using Modified Polystyrene Coarse Aggregate." Advanced Materials Research 740 (August 2013): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.502.

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Polymer recycling has received a great deal of attention in recent years. At the present time, small percentages of polymer wastes in Malaysia are being recycled. The recycling process has typically consisted of reprocessing the waste material to make other polymeric products or energy recovery from complete combustion. Thus, the development of concrete using non-conventional aggregates, such as polymer waste (especially polystyrene), ceramic waste, or other wastes, has been investigated to determine the comparative properties of the various concretes and the comparative costs. This paper the results of an experimental study in which the coarse aggregates used in conventional concrete were replaced by polystyrene waste aggregate to produce a lightweight material. The proportions of the mixtures were varied to determine the water-cement ratio and the content of polystyrene waste aggregates that provide the best results. The properties of the aggregates were also compared. Strength tests were conducted after the experimental concrete was cured for 28 days, and the experimental results indicated that the strength of the concrete made with polystryene waste aggregate ranged from 14 to 17 MPa. In addition, the density of these concretes ranged between 1467 to 1560 kg/m3, which means that they would be categorized as lightweight concretes. The results also indicated that the workability of the polystyrene waste aggregate concretes was good, and the strength characteristics were comparable to those of conventional concrete.

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28

Ogrodnik, Paweł, Jacek Szulej, and Wojciech Franus. "The Wastes of Sanitary Ceramics as Recycling Aggregate to Special Concretes." Materials 11, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081275.

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This article presents the results of research on the wastes of sanitary ceramics as an aggregate to concretes. The case of high temperature load was taken into account. Six concrete mixes were designed on Portland and calcium aluminate cement with various content of aerating admixture. Only the ground waste ceramics were used as an aggregate from one of the Polish sanitary ceramics plants. The abrasion test by Boehme blade of the designed concrete was conducted within the frame of study and compression strength tests on the cylindrical samples were performed as well. Some samples were initially annealed at 400 or 800 °C prior to strength tests. In order to determine the impact of annealing on the phase content and the concrete sample structure, the analyses on phase content (XRD—X-ray diffraction) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. The tests on compression strength demonstrated that there is considerable resistance of concrete containing ceramic aggregate and calcium aluminate cement to high temperatures. Abrasion tests confirmed that selected mixes have a high resistance to abrasion and they can be applied as a concrete coating. The possibility of ceramic cullet use as an aggregate to special concretes has been confirmed by the conducted research on specific features. Taking into consideration the available literature, the article presents widely conducted research in the area of the internal structure of concrete designed on the basis of recycled ceramic aggregate, the phase content of individual components, and basic mechanical tests both in normal temperatures and under thermal stress.

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29

Zhang, Zhi Gang, Zong Hui Zhou, De Cheng Zhang, and Xin Cheng. "The Phase Transformation of Recycling Concrete in Recalcination." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.175.

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In this paper, the artificial aggregates were prepared by limestone and industrial wastes in accordance with the ratio of cement raw meal, to obtain the recycling concrete replacing natural aggregates. Cement clinker could be regenerated by these recycling concrete and the aim of recycling could be realized. After these concrete was cured for 90 days, then was crushed and grinded, the phase transformation of recycling concrete in recalcination would been studied by XRD and so on. The experimental results showed that the composition of the recycling concrete met the demand of clinker modulus and C2S, C3S, C4AF, C3A were well crystallized at 1400 °C. So these recycling concrete could be directly calcined. The calcium hydroxide dehydrated around the temperature of 500°C. The calcium silicate hydrate was dehydrated gradually between the temperature of 400°C and 1000°C. At the same time, C2S crystallized during the temperature range. C4AF and C3A stared to crystallize around the temperature of 1000°C. Due to the composition of these concrete was complex, the lowest eutectic temperature dropped. C3S started to crystallize around the temperature of 1250°C and the best crystallization was achieved at the temperature of 1400°C.

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30

Bumanis, G., G. Shakhmenko, P. Kara, and A. Korjakins. "Concrete Sawing Waste Recycling As Microfiller in Concrete Production." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.887.

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The main idea of the presented work is to find the ways of recycling the sawing waste/sludge in production of the new concrete. The aim of the study is to examine application of the dust-water suspension as micro filler in self-compacting concrete. In the process of sawing concrete elements a lot of dust waste is produced, the average amount being approximately 0.5-1% of the total amount of concrete. To avoid dust pollution in a production plant the sawing process is accompanied by a water stream, as a result, concrete dust as dust-water suspension is stored in special reservoirs. Recycling of such concrete dust suspension and its utilization as a material pose a significant challenge.

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31

Sultana, Afroja. "Impact of Multiple Recycling on the Strength of Coarse Aggregate." Civil Engineering Beyond Limits 2, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2021.001.003.

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Concrete structures are integral parts of modern civilization. Every year a huge amount of concrete waste is generated due to demolition of old concrete structures for replacing them with new high-rise buildings or other structures, which consequently, increasing the environmental loads. Recycling of demolished concrete is found to be an effective way for sustainable development which can also minimize the disposal problem associated with concrete waste. Recycling of demolished concrete to produce usable aggregate, therefore, has drawn attention of researchers in the field of concrete technology. However, most of the studies in this field are focused on 1st generation recycled aggregate. Effect of multiple recycling on the properties of aggregate is merely studied. In this study, the effect of multiple times recycling on aggregate strength is observed. Strength of aggregate is evaluated in laboratory by Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) test and Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) test after each generation of recycling. The ACV and AIV values of 1st generation, 2nd generation and 3rd generation recycled aggregates are compared with the natural source aggregate. Strength degradation after each stage of recycling is recorded. In addition, the test results of 1st generation, 2nd generation and 3rd generation recycled aggregates are interpreted, investigated and compared with standard requirement to outline their corresponding applications. ACV value for natural aggregate is found to increase by 2.5% after 1st stage of recycling and it increased by 4.64% and 6.79% after 2nd and 3rd stage of recycling respectively. On the other hand, AIV value for natural aggregate is found to increase by 7.04% after 1st stage of recycling and it increased by 10.35% and 12.47% after 2nd and 3rd stage of recycling respectively. The study reveals that the strength of 1st generation recycled aggregates is quite similar to that of natural aggregate and can be used for concreting in general purposes. 2nd generation recycled aggregate cannot be used in the production of concrete in heavy duty floor but can successfully be used in concrete for wearing surface and 3rd generation recycled aggregates are too weak for road surfacing.

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32

Badraddin, Abdulmalek K., Rahimi A. Rahman, Saud Almutairi, and Muneera Esa. "Main Challenges to Concrete Recycling in Practice." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 7, 2021): 11077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911077.

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While concrete recycling is crucial to protecting the environment, its implementation in practice is low in many countries. This study aims to highlight challenges to concrete recycling. To achieve that aim, the study objectives are (1) to identify the main challenges to concrete recycling in construction projects; (2) to compare the main challenges between small–medium enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises (LEs); and (3) to determine the underlying groups among the main challenges. Potential challenges were identified through a systematic literature review of journal articles and semi-structured interviews with fifteen industry practitioners. Then, the identified challenges were inserted into a questionnaire survey and distributed to industry practitioners. Eighty-nine valid responses were collected and analyzed using the mean score ranking, normalization, agreement analysis, and factor analysis techniques. The analyses show thirteen main challenges to concrete recycling. The main challenges include increased project duration, lack of national programs, lack of comprehensive rules and regulations, increased project cost, low demand for recycled concrete, low cost-effectiveness of concrete recycling, and increased transportation cost. However, there is no consensus on the criticality between SMEs and LEs. For example, increased project cost is the main challenge for SMEs but is only middlingly ranked for LEs. Finally, the main challenges can be categorized into three interrelated groups: people and technical, legal and environmental, and economic challenges. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing challenges that hinder concrete recycling in practice. The findings allow researchers and practitioners to develop strategies to reduce concrete recycling rejection.

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33

Scarpitti, Nicholas, Nicholas Gavio, Alexander Pol, and Seyed Hamid Reza Sanei. "Recycling Unrecycled Plastic and Composite Wastes as Concrete Reinforcement." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7010011.

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The land disposal of waste material is a major environmental threat, and recycling efforts must be exponentially improved to mitigate it. In this paper, a feasibility study was conducted to reinforce concrete with waste materials that are not typically recycled. Compression testing was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the concrete specimens. The results were compared with a conventional wire mesh reinforcement used in concrete. Alternative reinforcements that are typically disposed of in landfill were used, namely, plastic regrind, carbon fiber scraps, tempered glass, coarse aggregates, and wire mesh. For each reinforcement type, four specimens were manufactured to evaluate the consistency of the results. Cylindrical specimens with ASME standard dimensions of 10.16 cm × 20.32 cm were tested using a Tinius-Olsen compression testing machine after seven days of curing. A constant strain rate of 0.25 MPa/s was applied until a load drop of 30% was detected. The results show that, while the recycled reinforcements had lower compressive strengths than the wire mesh, they maintained a load-carrying capacity of more than 80%. A major improvement was observed in terms of the ductility and toughness of the reinforced concretes. The recycled-carbon-fiber-reinforced specimens showed 12% strain at failure, a major improvement in concrete ductility. The findings of this research indicate that such recycled particles and fibers without any post-processing can be used in the reinforcement of concrete, with a significant improvement in ductility.

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Wang, Yu Lan. "Study on Recycling Utilization of Waste Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.771.

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In the process of urban development, with the reconstruction of old city, a lot of waste concrete will be generated. At the same time, civil engineering construction, earthquakes and wars also can generate a large number of waste concrete. The existence of waste concrete will directly pollute environment and occupy the land resources. The recycling utilization of waste concrete is benefit to environmental protection and saving resources, and is also benefit to realize the sustainable development of building materials. Waste concrete research situations in China and abroad were introduced. The crushing and regeneration technology of waste concrete were studied. The material properties of recycled concrete were analyzed and some advices about development of recycled concrete in China were presented.

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Kalinowska-Wichrowska, Katarzyna, Marta Kosior-Kazberuk, and Edyta Pawluczuk. "The Properties of Composites with Recycled Cement Mortar Used as a Supplementary Cementitious Material." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010064.

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The process of recycling concrete rubble is accompanied by the formation of a large amount of fine fraction, which cannot be reused as aggregate. The results of research on the possibility of using recycled cement mortar (RCM), obtained during concrete recycling, as a cementitious supplementary material, are presented. The experimental research was carried out on the basis of two variables determining the recycling process: X1—temperature (range of variation 288–712 °C) and X2—time (range of variation 30–90 min) of thermal treatment of concrete rubble. The experiment included 10 series of new composites made with RCMs subjected to different variants of thermal treatment, and two additional control series. The best treatment parameters were determined based on the assessment of selected physical and mechanical properties of the new cement composites, as well as the analysis of characteristics and microstructure of RCM. The test results showed that proper thermal treatment of concrete rubble makes it possible to obtain a high-quality fine fraction, which has the properties of an active addition and can be used as a partial replacement for cement in mortars and concretes.

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Iwaki, N., S. Awaya, and N. Maeda. "Study on Recycling Scrapped Concrete Poles." Concrete Journal 35, no. 5 (1997): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.35.5_12.

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Tomosawa, Fuminori, Takafumi Noguchi, and Masaki Tamura. "The Way Concrete Recycling Should Be." Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology 3, no. 1 (2005): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/jact.3.3.

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Alhumoud, Jasem M., Nayef Z. Al Mutairi, and Mohamad J. Terro. "Recycling crushed glass in concrete mixes." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 2, no. 1/2 (2008): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2008.016996.

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Paolini, Marco, and Rabinder Khurana. "Admixtures for recycling of waste concrete." Cement and Concrete Composites 20, no. 2-3 (January 1998): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-9465(97)00066-8.

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Xu, George J., Daniel F. Watt, Peter P. Hudec, Kevin A. MacDonald, and Derek O. Northwood. "Recycling automotive related wastes in concrete." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 48, no. 1-4 (January 1995): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(94)01673-o.

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Nehdi, Moncef, and Jon Sumner. "Recycling waste latex paint in concrete." Cement and Concrete Research 33, no. 6 (June 2003): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(02)01084-0.

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Iizuka, Atsushi, Akihiro Yamasaki, and Yukio Yanagisawa. "Material Recycling Process for Waste Concrete." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 36, no. 4 (2010): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.36.207.

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Mendenhall, Robert L. "4481039 Method for recycling asphaltic concrete." Conservation & Recycling 9, no. 1 (January 1986): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-3658(86)90175-x.

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Mohajerani, Abbas, David Suter, Tristan Jeffrey-Bailey, Tianyang Song, Arul Arulrajah, Suksun Horpibulsuk, and David Law. "Recycling waste materials in geopolymer concrete." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 21, no. 3 (January 3, 2019): 493–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-018-01660-2.

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Wang, Ruixuan, and Y. X. Zhang. "Recycling fresh concrete waste: A review." Structural Concrete 19, no. 6 (May 15, 2018): 1939–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/suco.201800057.

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Kim, Jeonghyun, Anna M. Grabiec, and Andrzej Ubysz. "An Experimental Study on Structural Concrete Containing Recycled Aggregates and Powder from Construction and Demolition Waste." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072458.

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For complete utilization of construction and demolition (C&D) waste, an investigation of all size fractions of C&D waste generated during the recycling process should be conducted. In this work, the effects of three recycled concrete materials with different sizes (recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) with a size of 4.75–25 mm, recycled fine aggregate (RFA) of 0.15–4.75 mm, and recycled powder (RP) smaller than 0.15 mm) produced from concrete waste on the fresh and hardened mechanical properties of concrete were evaluated. The replacement ratios of natural coarse and fine aggregates by RCA and RFA were 30, 60, and 100%, and those of ordinary Portland cement for RP were 10, 20, and 30%. The results showed that the concrete properties deteriorated with increasing replacement ratio regardless of the type of recycled materials. The properties were reduced in the order of the use of RFA, RCA, and the simultaneous use of RCA and RFA. In addition, concrete with 30% RP showed lower mechanical strength than concrete with 100% RCA and 100% RFA. However, all concretes could be applicable for structural purposes under different environmental exposure conditions. In particular, concretes with 10% RP and 20% RP showed better cost-benefits compared to natural aggregate concrete with 100% ordinary Portland cement. These promising findings provide valuable initiatives for the effective and complete recycling of C&D waste.

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Kalinowska-Wichrowska, Katarzyna. "Concrete recycling as a step towards environmental protection - an overview and evaluation of concrete recycling methods." Inżynieria Ekologiczna 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/86052.

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Pani, Luisa, Lorena Francesconi, James Rombi, Fausto Mistretta, Mauro Sassu, and Flavio Stochino. "Effect of Parent Concrete on the Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 9399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229399.

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Recycling concrete construction waste is a promising way towards sustainable construction. Indeed, replacing natural aggregates with recycled aggregates obtained from concrete waste lowers the environmental impact of concrete constructions and improves natural resource conservation. This paper reports on an experimental study on mechanical and durability properties of concretes casted with recycled aggregates obtained from two different parent concretes, belonging to two structural elements of the old Cagliari stadium. The effects of parent concretes on coarse recycled aggregates and on new structural concretes produced with different replacement percentages of these recycled aggregates are investigated. Mechanical properties (compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and splitting tensile strength) and durability properties (water absorption, freeze thaw, and chloride penetration resistance) are experimentally evaluated and analyzed as fundamental features to assess structural concrete behavior. The results show that the mechanical performance of recycled concrete is not related to the parent concrete characteristics. Furthermore, the resistance to pressured water penetration is not reduced by the presence of recycled aggregates, and instead, it happens for the chloride penetration resistance. The resistance to frost–thawing seems not related to the recycled aggregates replacement percentage, while an influence of the parent concrete has been assessed.

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Ledererova, Miriam. "Impact of Concrete Recycled Materials on some Properties of Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.399.

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Recycling building demolition waste in addition to environmental benefits is also economically interesting. In addressing the environmental issues it is recommended to give priority to recovery and rational utilization of waste with regard to their basic characteristics before disposal respectively storage. Issue of the use of recycled materials in concrete structures and their disposal in the world and in our longer pays much attention. Use and recycling of construction materials is a great asset for more prospective and progressive methods of construction waste utilizations. The program focused on waste management is therefore necessary to reconcile economic and environmental aspects in order to come to an optimal solution of the issue of waste and environmental protection.

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Tang, Yue Qin. "On Construction Wastes Recycling and its Economy." Key Engineering Materials 567 (July 2013): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.567.119.

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This paper addresses problems of aggregate concrete of construction wastes, which were featured as large water absorption, quick slump loss, as well as easy bleeding and low strength of concrete. A comparative analysis by experiment between recycled aggregate concrete and ordinary concrete was made on aspects of water absorbability, compressive strength, slump loss, bleeding rate, drying shrinkage and economic efficiency. It has found possible to preparing the recycled aggregate concrete of high performance through the prewetting recycled aggregate. It is concluded that construction wastes can be recycled by obtaining the optimum mole of preparing recycled aggregate concrete of construction wastes and evaluating their reliability on cost-lefficiency and mechanic capability，thus, it also recycled the limited resources and solve some environment problems.

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