Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Red apple'

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bonalumi_ef_me_sjrp.pdf: 1080732 bytes, checksum: 94ee060fff7c6c152f56a736635061a5 (MD5)<br>Este estudo envolve uma pesquisa a respeito de marcadores de reformulação e padrões lexicais em um corpus de textos literários constituído de um subcorpus de textos traduzidos (TTs), referente às obras literárias de Clarice Lispector traduzidas para a língua inglesa por Giovanni Pontiero (Family Ties), Gregory Rabassa (The Apple in the Dark) e Alexis Levitin (Soulstorm), e um subcorpus de textos originais (TOs), com as respectivas obras escritas originalmente em português (Laços de Família, A Maçã no Escuro, A Via Crucis do Corpo e Onde Estivestes de Noite). Foram compiladas também a obra literária de Lya Luft traduzida para a língua inglesa por Giovanni Pontiero (The Red House) e a respectiva obra escrita originalmente em português (Exílio). Este trabalho tem como um dos objetivos principais observar similaridades e diferenças nos TTs e nos TOs quanto ao emprego de marcadores de reformulação (i.e. or; for example; I mean) e de padrões lexicais (i.e. at the same time; in fact; at that moment). A investigação fundamenta-se na proposta de estudos da tradução baseada em corpus lançada por Baker (1993, 1995, 1996, 2004), nas observações de Berber Sardinha (1999, 2000, 2002, 2004) a respeito da lingüística de corpus, nas pesquisas de Blakemore (1993, 1996) e Cuenca (2003) sobre marcadores de reformulação, e no trabalho de Hunston & Francis (2000) a respeito de padrões lexicais. Com o auxílio do programa Wordsmith Tools, estabelecemos comparações em termos de freqüência e distribuição entre ambos subcorpora de TTs e TOs. Observamos se tais marcadores de reformulação e padrões lexicais formaram...<br>This study involves a research on reformulation markers and lexical patterns in a corpus of literary texts, constituted of a subcorpus of literary works of Clarice Lispector translated into English by Giovanni Pontiero (Family Ties), Gregory Rabassa (The Apple in the Dark) and Alexis Levitin (Soulstorm), and a subcorpus of original texts, with the respective works originally written in Portuguese (Laços de Família, A Maçã no Escuro, A Via Crucis do Corpo e Onde Estivestes de Noite). The literary work from Lya Luft translated into English by Giovanni Pontiero (The Red House) and the respective work originally written in Portuguese (Exílio) have also been inserted in the corpus. This investigation has as one of the main objectives to observe similarities and differences in the target texts (TTs) and source texts (STs) concerning to the use of reformulation markers (i.e. or; for example; I mean) and lexical patterns (i.e. at the same time; in fact; at that moment). The work is focused on the proposal of corpusbased translation studies launched by Baker (1993, 1995, 1996, 2004), on the observations of Berber Sardinha (1999, 2000, 2002, 2004) related to corpus linguistics, on the research studies of Blakemore (1993, 1996) and Cuenca (2003) on reformulation markers, and on the work of Hunston & Francis (2000) concerned to lexical patterns. With the use of the software Wordsmith Tools, we have established comparisons in terms of frequency and distribution between both subcorpora of TTs and STs. We have observed if such reformulation markers and lexical patterns have formed significantly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Diva Cardoso de Camargo<br>Banca: Célia Maria Magalhães<br>Banca: Maurizio Babini<br>Resumo: Este estudo envolve uma pesquisa a respeito de marcadores de reformulação e padrões lexicais em um corpus de textos literários constituído de um subcorpus de textos traduzidos (TTs), referente às obras literárias de Clarice Lispector traduzidas para a língua inglesa por Giovanni Pontiero (Family Ties), Gregory Rabassa (The Apple in the Dark) e Alexis Levitin (Soulstorm), e um subcorpus de textos originais (TOs), com as respectivas obras escritas originalmente em português (Laços de Família, A Maçã no Escuro, A Via Crucis do Corpo e Onde Estivestes de Noite). Foram compiladas também a obra literária de Lya Luft traduzida para a língua inglesa por Giovanni Pontiero (The Red House) e a respectiva obra escrita originalmente em português (Exílio). Este trabalho tem como um dos objetivos principais observar similaridades e diferenças nos TTs e nos TOs quanto ao emprego de marcadores de reformulação (i.e. or; for example; I mean) e de padrões lexicais (i.e. at the same time; in fact; at that moment). A investigação fundamenta-se na proposta de estudos da tradução baseada em corpus lançada por Baker (1993, 1995, 1996, 2004), nas observações de Berber Sardinha (1999, 2000, 2002, 2004) a respeito da lingüística de corpus, nas pesquisas de Blakemore (1993, 1996) e Cuenca (2003) sobre marcadores de reformulação, e no trabalho de Hunston & Francis (2000) a respeito de padrões lexicais. Com o auxílio do programa Wordsmith Tools, estabelecemos comparações em termos de freqüência e distribuição entre ambos subcorpora de TTs e TOs. Observamos se tais marcadores de reformulação e padrões lexicais formaram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: This study involves a research on reformulation markers and lexical patterns in a corpus of literary texts, constituted of a subcorpus of literary works of Clarice Lispector translated into English by Giovanni Pontiero (Family Ties), Gregory Rabassa (The Apple in the Dark) and Alexis Levitin (Soulstorm), and a subcorpus of original texts, with the respective works originally written in Portuguese (Laços de Família, A Maçã no Escuro, A Via Crucis do Corpo e Onde Estivestes de Noite). The literary work from Lya Luft translated into English by Giovanni Pontiero (The Red House) and the respective work originally written in Portuguese (Exílio) have also been inserted in the corpus. This investigation has as one of the main objectives to observe similarities and differences in the target texts (TTs) and source texts (STs) concerning to the use of reformulation markers (i.e. or; for example; I mean) and lexical patterns (i.e. at the same time; in fact; at that moment). The work is focused on the proposal of corpusbased translation studies launched by Baker (1993, 1995, 1996, 2004), on the observations of Berber Sardinha (1999, 2000, 2002, 2004) related to corpus linguistics, on the research studies of Blakemore (1993, 1996) and Cuenca (2003) on reformulation markers, and on the work of Hunston & Francis (2000) concerned to lexical patterns. With the use of the software Wordsmith Tools, we have established comparisons in terms of frequency and distribution between both subcorpora of TTs and STs. We have observed if such reformulation markers and lexical patterns have formed significantly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ineffective pollination of the main cultivar with the pollinator cultivar is due to either an incompatibility problem between the main and pollinator cultivar, or because the flowering times of the main and pollinator cultivars do not overlap adequately. Three trials were conducted to try and find a more effective way to determine cultivar compatibility and to group cultivars together according to their budburst reaction to chilling. Most apple cultivars are self-incompatible and need cross-pollination for fruit set. Due to differences in the genetically defined fertilisation compatibility between the pollen from the male parent (pollinator) and the egg cell of the female parent, various apple pollinators differ in their ability to set fruit with viable seed. Fruit weight and size are positively correlated with seed set although it has been found that the pollinator can have a direct influence on fruit quality. 'African Red' apple trees on M7 rootstock in an evaluation block on a commercial farm in the Koue Bokkeveld region (32°55'N 19°27'E, Mediterranean climate, ;::::1060Utah chill units, and ;::::530mm rainfall annually; altitude 966 m) were used to assess the influence of 5 pollinators ('Granny Smith', 'Winter Banana', 'Cripps' Pink', 'Cripps' Red' and 'Simpson Crab') on fruit set, fruit weight and length and diameter. The degree to which 'African Red' is self-compatible was also assessed and the effect of flowering position ("king" vs. lateral) on fruit quality was determined. None of the pollinators showed a significantly higher fruit set. No differences in fruit set were found between the "king" and lateral flowering positions. No significant differences were found in the average number or weight of well developed seeds between pollinators. In both years fruit weight was significantly correlated to seed number for all five pollinator cultivars. In 1998 'Simpson crab' gave fruit that were significantly more elongated than those of 'Cripps' Pink'. 'African Red' is highly self incompatible. Compatibility assessments that are based on the number of fruit that develop after the flowers ofthe main cultivar had been hand pollinated in field trials are a time-consuming process. Allele-specific PCR amplification for some of the known S-alleles of the incompatibility S-gene (S2, S3, S5, S7 and S9) was carried out to successfully predict the compatibility of genotypes. The results compared well with that found in literature. For all the Malus domestica cultivars tested at least one, but in some instances both alleles of the S-gene were determined. 'Simpson crab' (Malus baccata) did, however, not possess any of the tested S-alleles. One-year-old, ca. 40 mm long shoots of various apple cultivars were selected from commercial orchards in both the Elgin [34°S, 305 m, ca. 750 chill units (CU) (Richardson et al., 1974)] and Koue Bokkeveld (33°S, 945 m, ca. 1300 CU) regions of the Western Cape, South Africa in two consecutive years (1998 and 1999). Shoots were forced at a constant 25°C with continuous illumination after receiving their allocated chill units. The effect of chilling period on the budburst of each cultivar in both regions was estimated by determining, 1) the total proportion of budburst (%Bb), 2) the proportion of shoots with terminal budburst (%TBb), and 3) the rate of budburst [lI(days to 25% budburst)]. It was found that these indices differed significantly between cultivars, and within cultivars between areas, as far as budburst patterns, in reaction to chilling, were concerned. The rate of budburst was the most consistent in describing the reaction of buds to different chilling periods and could be used to group cultivars together according to their budburst reaction to chilling.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: KRUISBESTUIWINGSBIOLOGIE VAN APPELS MET SPESIALE VERWYSING NA 'AFRICAN RED'. Oneffektiewe kruisbestuiwing III die boord kan toegeskryf word aan Of onverenigbaarheid tussen die hoof- en bestuiwingskultivar Of as gevolg van die blomtyd van die kruisbestuiwer wat nie genoegsaam oorvleuel met die van die hoofkultivar nie. Drie proewe is uitgevoer om 'n meer effektiewe proses daar te stel vir die toets van kultivarverenigbaarheid en om kultivars te probeer groepeer na gelang van hul reaksie op bepaalde hoeveelhede koue. Meeste appelkultivars is selfonverenigbaar en benodig kruisbestuiwing vir genoegsame vrugset. As gevolg van verskille III die geneties gedefinieerde bevrugtingsverenigbaarheid tussen die stuifmeel van die manlike ouer (bestuiwer) en die eiersel van die vroulike ouer (hoofkultivar), verskil bestuiwers in hul vermoë om vrugte met sade te set. Vruggrootte en -massa is positief gekorreleerd met saadset alhoewel dit al gevind is dat die bestuiwer op sig self ook 'n invloed op vrugkwaliteit kan hê. 'African Red' appelbome op M7 onderstamme, in 'n evaluasie blok op 'n kommersiële plaas in die Koue Bokkeveld (32°55'N 19°27'E, Meditereense klimaat, ::::1060 Utah koue eenhede, en ::::530mmjaarlikse reënval; ligging 966 m), is gebruik om die invloed van 5 bestuiwers ('Granny Smith', 'Winter Banana', 'Cripps' Pink', 'Cripps' Red' and 'Simpson Crab') op vrugset, vrugmassa, -lengte en -deursnee oor twee seisoene te bepaal. Die mate waartoe 'African Red' self onverenigbaar is en die effek van blomposisie ("king" vs laterale blom) op vrugkwaliteit is ook bepaal. Geen een van die bestuiwers het vrugset beduidend beïnvloed nie. Ook is daar geen verskille gevind tussen die "king" en laterale blomposisies t.o.v. vrugset nie. Geen beduidende verskille is tussen bestuiwers gevind in die gemiddelde aantal of gewig van volsade geset nie .. In albei jare was die vrugmassa beduidend gekorreleerd met saadset vir al vyf bestuiwerkultivars. In 1998 het 'Simpson Crab' vrugte geset wat beduidend langer was as vrugte wat geset het toe 'Cripps' Pink' as bestuiwer gebruik is. Daar is ook gevind dat 'African Red' hoogs selfonverenigbaar is. Verenigbaarheidstoetse wat gebaseer is op die aantal vruggles wat ontwikkel nadat blomme van die hoofkultivar met die hand bestuif is, is 'n tydsame proses. Allele spesifieke PCR amplifikasie vir bekende S-allele van die onverenigbaarheids S-geen (S2, S3, S5 S7en S9) is suksesvol uitgevoer om die verenigbaarheid van genotipes vooraf te bepaal. Die resultate het goed vergelyk met wat in literatuur gevind is. Vir al die Malus domestica spesies wat getoets is, is ten minste een, en in sommige gevalle twee, van die S-allele gevind. Die blomappel 'Simpson' (Malus baccata) het egter nie een van die vyf S-allele opgelewer nie Een-jaar-oue, 40 mm lang lote van verskeie appelkultivars, is in twee opeenvolgende jare (1998 en 1999) vanuit kommersiële boorde in beide die Elgin [34°S, 305 m, ca. 750 koue eenhede (CU) (Richardson et al., 1974)] and Koue Bokkeveld (33°S, 945 m, ca. 1300 CU) areas van die Wes Kaap gsny. Die lote is geforseer om te bot by 'n konstante temperatuur van 25°C met deurlopende beligting, nadat elke groep lote aan 'n bepaalde hoeveelheid koue blootgestel is. Die effek van koue op bot van elke kultivar in beide areas is bepaal deur, 1) die totale persentasie knoppe wat gebot het, 2) die persentasie terminale knoppe wat gebot het, en 3) die tempo van bot [l/(dae tot 25% bot)] te meet. Daar is gevind dat bo-genoemde parameters beduidend tussen kultivars, en binne kultivars tussen areas, verskil. As 'n beskrywing van die reaksie van knoppe op koue het die tempo van bot die mees konstante resultate oor die twee opeenvolgende seisoene gelewer en kon hierdie parameter gebruik word om kultivars in groepe, na gelang van hul reaksie op koue, in te deel.

Invasive species are detrimental to native biotas worldwide. Recently, Florida was invaded by a freshwater snail (Pomacea canaliculata) native to Argentina. This snail is a serious pest of rice crops in Asia, but little is known about its interactions within Florida ecosystems. Possible competitive exclusion of the native congener (P. paludosa) is a concern because it is the almost exclusive prey of the federally endangered Everglades snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis). My research consisted of three parts. First, to identify possible methods to control P. canaliculata in the egg stage, I experimentally evaluated the effects of photoperiod, substrate availability, and food type and availability on hatching success and hatchling survival. None of these factors significantly affected hatching or survival, suggesting that P. canaliculata could invade many water bodies. Second, I used a randomized block design to assess the separate and combined effects of population density and food availability on growth and spawning of P. canaliculata. Food availability but not density significantly affected growth; snails fed less food grew less, but neither factor affected spawning. Third, I used a replacement series design to assess competition between P. canaliculata and P. paludosa under food limitation. For both species, snails fed less grew significantly less, and snails exposed to greater congener densities spawned less than when exposed to conspecifics only. While my results predict that P. paludosa should exclude P. canaliculata, previous literature and current invasions suggest that the exotic snail may co-exist with its North American congener.<br>ID: 030422795; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-63).<br>M.S.<br>Masters<br>Biology<br>Sciences

Traditional analysis of aquifer tests uses the observed hydrograph at one well caused by pumping at another well for estimating transmissivity and storage coefficient of an aquifer. The analysis relies on Theis' or Jacob's approximate solution, which assumes aquifer homogeneity. Aquifers are inherently heterogeneous at different scales. If the observation well taps into a low permeability zone while the pumping well is located in a high permeable zone, the resulting situation contradicts the homogeneity assumption embedded in the traditional analysis. As a result, a practical but important question we ask: What do we derive from the traditional analysis? Using numerical experiments in synthetic aquifers, we answer this question. Results of the experiments indicate that the effective transmissivity, Teff , and storage coefficient, Seff , values vary with time, as well as the principal directions of the transmissivity, but both values approach their geometric means of the aquifer at large times. Analysis of the estimated transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S ) using well hydrographs from a single observation well shows that at early times, both the estimated T and S values vary with time. At late times, both estimates approach local averages near the observation well. The T value approaches but does not equal Teff , representing an average value over a broad area in the vicinity of the observation well while the S value converges to the value dominated by the storage coefficient near the observation wells (i.e., its average area is much smaller than that of the t value).

The Macintosh Hierarchical File System Plus, HFS+, or as it is commonly referred to as the Mac Operating System, OS, Extended, was introduced in 1998 with Mac OS X 8.1. HFS+ is an update to HFS, Mac OS Standard format that offers more efficient use of disk space, implements international friendly file names, future support for named forks, and facilitates booting on non-Mac OS operating systems through different partition schemes. The HFS+ file system is efficient, yet, complex. It makes use of B-trees to implement key data structures for maintaining meta-data about folders, files, and data. The implementation of what happens within HFS+ at volume format, or when folders, files, and data are created, moved, or deleted is largely a mystery to those who are not programmers. The vast majority of information on this subject is relegated to documentation in books, papers, and online content that direct the reader to C code, libraries, and include files. If one can't interpret the complex C or Perl code implementations the opportunity to understand the workflow within HFS+ is less than adequate to develop a basic understanding of the internals and how they work. The basic concepts learned from this research will facilitate a better understanding of the HFS+ file system and journal as changes resulting from the adding and deleting files or folders are applied in a controlled, easy to follow, process. The primary tool used to examine the file system changes is a proprietary command line interface, CLI, tool called fileXray. This tool is actually a custom implementation of the HFS+ file system that has the ability to examine file system, meta-data, and data level information that isn't available in other tools. We will also use Apple's command line interface tool, Terminal, the WinHex graphical user interface, GUI, editor, The Sleuth Kit command line tools and DiffFork 1.1.9 help to document and illustrate the file system changes. The processes used to document the pristine and changed versions of the file system, with each experiment, are very similar such that the output files are identical with the exception of the actual change. Keeping the processes the same enables baseline comparisons using a diff tool like DiffFork. Side by side and line by line comparisons of the allocation, extents overflow, catalog, and attributes files will help identify where the changes occurred. The target device in this experiment is a two-gigabyte Universal Serial Bus, USB, thumb drive formatted with Global Unit Identifier, GUID, and Partition Table. Where practical, HFS+ special files and data structures will be manually parsed; documented, and illustrated.<br>ID: 031001395; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Title from PDF title page (viewed May 28, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-132).<br>M.S.<br>Masters<br>Computer Science<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Digital Forensics

A number of studies assessing the environmental impacts of print media systems in comparison to digital media systems offering the same services have been conducted in United States of America (USA) or Sweden. The most notable are studies done by Kozak (2003), Gard & Keoleian (2003), Enroth (2009), Moberg et al. (2011) and Achachlouei et al. (2013). However, no studies have been conducted in South Africa. The main purpose of this study was to compare environmental impacts and cumulative energy demand of electronic books (e-books)read from a Tablet personal computer (PC) or Apple Air iPad, the digital system, with the equivalent printed paper books (print system) in South Africa, and establish which of two systems has less of an environmental and energy demand impact. The study was aimed at creating awareness amongst consumers and producers about the environmental and energy impacts of both systems. The study also included scenarios which investigated the effect that changing the energy mix as planned in the 2010 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) has on the environmental impacts and cumulative energy demand of both systems, and the effect of multiple users per system. The initial hypothesis of this study was that reading 21 e-books from a Tablet PC would have a lower environmental impact and cumulative energy demand than reading 21 printed books. The time period of the study is four years, the length of time for completing a commerce university degree. During this period each learner will purchase 21 books, either in the form of printed paper books or as e-books that can be read using a Tablet PC.

Microwave osmotic dehydration (MWOD) is a novel technique with a good potential for more efficient osmotic drying of fruits and vegetables. It combines the microwave heating with osmotic dehydration for enhancing moisture transfer rate in the osmotic dehydration process and product quality. Preliminary studies were carried out to compare the osmotic dehydration kinetics of apple (Red Gala) cylinders in microwave osmotic dehydration under continuous flow medium spray conditions (MWODS) with microwave osmotic dehydration under continuous flow medium immersion conditions (MWODI), as well as conventional osmotic drying (COD) in immersion (CODI) and spray (CODS) modes. The results showed that the MWODS process considerably enhanced the moisture transfer rate from the fruit, and limited the solids gain at the same time. In the second part, the two-parameter Azuara model and the conventional diffusion model were evaluated for describing the mass transfer kinetics of apple (Red Gala) cylinders during MWODS, MWODI, CODS and CODI. The results showed that both models adequately described the transient mass transfer kinetics during the OD process; however the Azuara model was superior. MWODS was further studied to evaluate the effect of various process variables (sucrose concentration, medium temperature, flow rate and contact time) by using response surface methodology and a central composite rotatable design. Predictive models were developed relate the response variables to process parameters. Finally optimization studies were carried out to elucidate optimal processing conditions under MWODS. The study demonstrated that moisture loss (ML), solids gain (SG) and weight reduction (WR) were predictably higher at higher sucrose concentrations, higher medium temperatures, longer contact times and higher flow rates. Since OD only results in partial dehydration, a second stage drying was evaluated employing conventional air drying and compared with freeze drying to identify cost effective systems for preserving the quality of the osmotically dehydrated shelf-stable fruits. The effect of MWODS pretreatment on air-drying kinetics and quality parameters (color, texture, and rehydration characteristics) of apple (Red Gala) cylinders was evaluated. The results revealed that drying time decreased with increasing concentrations and medium temperature of the MWODS treatment. Compared with untreated control samples, MWODS air-dried samples had higher coefficient of moisture diffusivity (Dm). In terms of quality parameters, the MWODS air-drying combination process resulted in a product with lower color change and a more chewy structure. The air dried product without MWODS had the least desirable quality characteristics. While the color was better preserved in the freeze dried product, it was much more brittle than MWODS – air-dried product. The rehydration capacity of MWODS air-dried products was lower than freeze-dried products and higher than air-dried. Overall, the thesis research contributes to a better understanding of the moisture transfer behavior during microwave osmotic dehydration under continuous flow medium spray processing conditions. Together with a simple second stage air-drying it can produce high quality dehydrated apple products.<br>La déshydratation osmotique à l'aide des micro-ondes (MWOD) est une nouvelle technique avec un bon potentiel pour plus d'efficacité de séchage osmotique des fruits et légumes. Il combine le chauffage micro-onde avec la déshydratation osmotique pour améliorer le taux de transfert de l'humidité dans le procédé de déshydratation osmotique et la qualité du produit. Des études préliminaires ont été effectuées pour comparer la cinétique de déshydratation osmotique des cylindres de pommes (Rouge Gala) à déshydratation osmotique sous conditions de flux continu de pulvérisation (MWODS) avec déshydratation osmotique à l'aide des micro-ondes sous flux continu d'immersion (MWODI), ainsi que séchage osmotique le conventionnel (COD) en mode d'immersion (CODI) et en mode de pulvérisation (CODS). Les résultats ont montré que le processus de MWODS a considérablement amélioré le taux de transfert d'humidité à partir du fruit et a limité le gain des solides en même temps. Dans la deuxième partie, le modèle d'Azuara à deux paramètres et le modèle de diffusion classique ont été évalués pour décrire la cinétique de transfert de masse des cylindres de la pomme (Rouge Gala) pendant MWODS, MWODI, COD et CODI. Les résultats ont montré que les deux modèles décrivent adéquatement la cinétique transitoire de transfert de masse pendant le processus d'OD, mais le modèle Azuara était supérieur. MWODS a aussi été étudié pour évaluer l'effet des différentes variables de processus (concentration en saccharose, la température du moyen, le taux de flux et le temps de contact) en utilisant la méthodologie de surface de réponse et la décomposition rotative du programme global. Les modèles prédictifs ont été développés pour relier les variables de réponse aux paramètres du procédé. Enfin, des études d'optimisation ont été menées pour élucider les conditions optimales de transformation sous MWODS. L'étude a démontré que la perte d'humidité (ML), les gains de solides (SG) et les pertes de poids (WR) ont été plus prévisibles à des concentrations de saccharose, températures de moyen, temps de contact et taux de flux plus élevés. Une deuxième étape de séchage a été évaluée employant l'air de séchage conventionnel par rapport à la lyophilisation pour identifier les systèmes efficaces pouvant préserver la qualité des fruits osmotiquement déshydratés. L'effet du prétraitement du MWODS sur la cinétique du séchage à l'air et l'effet des paramètres de qualité (couleur, texture, et caractéristiques de réhydratation) des cylindres de pomme (Rouge Gala) ont été évalués. Les résultats ont révélé que le temps de séchage diminue avec l'augmentation des concentrations et de la température du moyen du traitement MWODS. Par rapport aux échantillons témoins non traités, les MWODS échantillons séchés à l'air était ont un coefficient de diffusivité de l'humidité (Dm) plus entée. En termes de paramètres de qualité, le processus de MWODS avec séchage à l'air arrive à un produit avec un changement de couleur inférieur et une structure plus tendre. Le produit séché à l'air sans MWODS avait les caractéristiques de qualité le moins souhaitable. Bien que la couleur a été mieux préservé dans le produit lyophilisé, le produit était beaucoup plus fragile que le produit MWODS avec séchage à l'air. La capacité de réhydratation des produits de MWODS séchés à l'air est supérieure de celle des produits séchés à l'air et celle des produits lyophilisés.En général, cette recherche contribue à une meilleure compréhension du comportement de transfert d'humidité à micro-ondes pendant la déshydratation osmotique sous flux continu du moyen avec de la pulvérisation. Avec une deuxième simple étape du séchage à l'air, le processus peut produire des produits de pomme avec une haute qualité.

L'oliva i l'oli d'oliva verge són un dels ingredients fonamentals que caracteritzen la Dieta Mediterrània, definida en la dècada dels anys 60 a partir dels costums alimentaris dels habitants de l'illa de Creta ("The Seven Countries Study"). Per altra banda, tot i que la poma no era una fruita habitual a l'illa de Creta, no deixa de ser una fruita que com a tal forma part de la Dieta Mediterrània. A més a més, és consumida a nivell mundial, està disponible durant tot l'any i és apta per a totes les butxaques. En les últimes dècades, els genetistes de plantes han treballat i segueixen treballant en la millora de noves varietats de poma de polpa vermella ("red-fleshed apples") ja que són més atractives pel seu consum degut a la seva coloració rosa-vermella, com a conseqüpencia de la presència d'antocians en la polpa. La present Tesi Doctoral s'ha centrat en tres objectius: Objectiu 1. Avaluar l'impacte de la suplementació de la dieta amb els principals compostos fenòlics de l'oliva/oli d'oliva enfront la concentració d'antioxidants endògens (α-tocoferol) en múscul i fetge. Objectiu 2. Estudiar durant dues campanyes consecutives el perfil fitoquímic (compostos fenòlics, antocians, triterpens, àcids orgànics i àcid ascòrbic) de noves varietats de poma de polpa vermella obtingudes mitjançant millora varietal, utilitzant com a referència diferents varietats de poma de polpa blanca ('Golden Smoothee', 'Granny Smith'...). Objectiu 3. Determinar l'impacte de la suplementació de la dieta amb poma de polpa vermella, utilitzant com a referència poma de polpa blanca, en el desenvolupament i progressió del càncer de còlon (CC) induït químicament en un model murí. En relació a l'Objectiu 1, s'ha realitzat una suplementació de la dieta en model de rata Wistar amb compostos fenòlics d'oliva (oleuropeïna, hidroxitirosol i secoiridoids), de farigola, i amb una combinació d'aquests (5 mg /kg pes /dia), durant un període de 21 dies. Els resultats han mostrat que la dieta suplementada amb alguns compostos fenòlics d'oliva i timó han augmentat de forma significativa la concentració d'α-tocoferol en fetge de rates femelles. A més a més , s'ha observat un efecte sinèrgic entre els fenols d'oliva i de la farigola. Aquest increment observat de la concentració hepàtica de α-tocoferol, suggereix el possible potencial de la suplementació dietètica amb compostos fenòlics com a estratègia per al control de la malaltia hepàtica més comuna en l'actualitat: l'hepatopatia grassa no alcohòlica. En relació a l'Objectiu 2, els resultats han mostrat que les varietats de poma "red-fleshed" estudiades contenen una quantitat de flavanols més baixa, una concentració d'àcids orgànics similar a la varietat 'Granny Smith', i una major concentració d'antocians (cianidina-3-O-galactòsid) i dihidrochalcones (floretin xilosil-glucòsid) en comparació a les varietats de polpa blanca. A més a més, s'ha detectat un important efecte campanya en la concentració dels diferents compostos fenòlics en totes les varietats de poma estudiades, tot i que el comportament observat difereix entre la pell i la polpa. A diferència d'altres metabòlits secundaris, la variació inter-campanya d'antocians en les pomes de polpa vermella no ha mostrat una relació amb les condicions climàtiques de l'any (pluviometria i temperatura mitjana). Pel que fa al model experimental de CC (Objectiu 3), dut a terme en rates mascle Wistar, els resultats han mostrat que la suplementació de la dieta amb 'Golden Smoothee' (polpa blanca) aconsegueix una inhibició del 41.3% de focus amb criptes aberrants (lesió preneoplàsica CC). D'altra banda, els nivells de mucina colònica s'han mantingut normals per efecte de la suplementació amb 'Golden Smoothee' i amb la cianidina-3-O-galactòsid (principal antocià de la poma). Aquests resultats reforcen el refrany Gal·lès "An apple a day keeps the doctor away" en la prevenció del desenvolupament de càncer de còlon.<br>La aceituna y el aceite de oliva virgen son uno de los ingredientes fundamentales que definen a la Dieta Mediterránea, definida en la década de los años 60 a partir del patrón alimentario de los habitantes de la isla de Creta (“The Seven Countries Study”). Por otra parte, aunque la manzana no era una fruta habitual en la isla de Creta, no deja de ser una fruta que como tal forma parte de la Dieta Mediterránea. Además, es consumida a nivel mundial, está disponible durante todo el año y es asequible económicamente. En las últimas décadas, los genetistas de plantas han trabajado y trabajan en la mejora de nuevas variedades de manzana de pulpa roja (“red-fleshed apples”) para hacerlas más atractivas para su consumo, en base a la presencia de antocianos en la pulpa. La presente Tesis Doctoral se ha centrado en tres objetivos: Objetivo 1. Evaluar el impacto de la suplementación de dieta con los principales compuestos fenólicos de la aceituna/aceite de oliva sobre la concentración de antioxidantes endógenos (α-tocoferol) en músculo e hígado. Objetivo 2. Estudiar durante dos campañas consecutivas el perfil fitoquímico (compuestos fenólicos, antocianos, triterpenos, ácidos orgánicos y ácido ascórbico) de nuevas variedades de manzana de pulpa roja obtenidas mediante mejora varietal, utilizando como referencia diferentes variedades de manzana de pulpa blanca ('Golden Smoothee', 'Granny Smith'...). Objetivo 3. Determinar el impacto de la suplementación de la dieta con manzana de pulpa roja, utilizando como referencia manzana de pulpa blanca, sobre el desarrollo y progresión del cáncer de colon (CC), inducido químicamente en un modelo murino. En relación al Objetivo 1, se ha realizado suplementación de la dieta en modelo de rata Wistar con compuestos fenólicos de oliva (oleuropeína, hidroxitirosol y secoiridoides), de tomillo, y con una combinación de estos (5 mg/kg de peso/día), durante un periodo de 21 días. Los principales resultados han mostrado que la dieta suplementada con algunos compuestos fenólicos de oliva y tomillo aumentó de forma significativa la concentración de α-tocoferol en hígado de ratas hembras. Además, se ha observado un efecto sinérgico en la combinación de fenoles de oliva y de tomillo. Este incremento de la concentración hepática de α-tocoferol observado sugiere el potencial de la suplementación dietética con compuestos fenólicos, como estrategia para el control de la enfermedad hepática más común en la actualidad, la hepatopatía grasa no alcohólica. En relación al Objetivo 2, los resultados han mostrado que las variedades de manzana “redfleshed” estudiadas contienen una cantidad de flavanoles más baja, una concentración de ácidos orgánicos similar a la variedad ‘Granny Smith’, y una mayor concentración de antocianos (cianidina-3-O-galactósido) e dihidrocalconas (floretin xilosil-glucósido), en comparación a las variedades de pulpa blanca. Además, se ha detectado un importante efecto campaña en la concentración de los diferentes compuestos fenólicos en todas las variedades de manzana estudiadas. Aunque el efecto campaña difiere entre la piel y la pulpa. A diferencia de otros metabólitos secundarios, la variación inter-campaña de antocianos en las manzanas de pulpa roja no mostró una relación clara con las condiciones climáticas del año (pluviometría y temperatura media). En cuanto al modelo experimental de CC (Objetivo 3), llevado a cabo en ratas macho Wistar, los resultados han mostrado que la suplementación de dieta con ‘Golden Smoothee’ (pulpa blanca) consigue una inhibición del 41.3% de focos con criptas aberrantes (lesión preneoplásica CC). Por otra parte, los niveles de mucina colónica se han mantenido normales por efecto de la suplementación con ‘Golden Smoothee’ y con cianidina-3-O-galactósido (principal antociano de la manzana). Estos resultados refuerzan el refrán Galés "An apple a day keeps the doctor away" en la prevención del desarrollo de cáncer de colon.<br>The olive and virgin olive oil are one of the fundamental ingredients that characterize the Mediterranean Diet, defined in the 1960s from the eating habits of the inhabitants of the island of Crete (“The Seven Countries Study”). On the other hand, even though the apple was not an usual fruit on the island of Crete, it is still a fruit that as such is part of the Mediterranean Diet. Also, it is consumed worldwide, it is available all year round and it is economically affordable. In recent decades, plant geneticists have worked and are still working on the improvement of new varieties of red-fleshed apples which are more attractive for consumption, due to their red-pink flesh colour as consequence of the presence of anthocyanins in the flesh. This present Doctoral Thesis has focused on three objectives: Objective 1. Evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with the main phenolic compounds of olive/olive oil on the concentration of endogenous antioxidants (α-tocopherol) in the muscle and in the liver. Objective 2. Study for two consecutive harvest seasons the phytochemical profile (phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, triterpenes, organic acids and ascorbic acid) of new varieties of redfleshed apples obtained through varietal improvement, using as reference different varieties of white-fleshed apples ('Golden Smoothee', 'Granny Smith'...). Objective 3. Tackle the impact of dietary supplementation with red-fleshed apples, using as a reference white-fleshed apples, on the development and progression of colon cancer (CC), chemically induced in a murine model. As regards as Objective 1, dietary supplementation has been carried out in the Wistar rat model with olive phenolic compounds (oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and secoiridoides), thyme, and with a combination of these (5 mg /kg body weight /day), for a period of 21 days. The main results have shown that the supplemented diet with some phenolic compounds of olive and thyme have significantly increased the concentration of α-tocopherol in the liver of female rats. In addition, a synergistic effect was observed in the combination of olive and thyme phenols. The observed increase in the hepatic concentration of α-tocopherol suggests the potential of the dietary supplementation with phenolic compounds, as a strategy for the control of the currently most common liver disease: the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In relation to Objective 2, the results have shown that the “red-fleshed” apple varieties studied contain a lower amount of flavanols, a concentration of organic acids similar to the 'Granny Smith' variety, and a higher concentration of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-galactoside) and dihydrocalcones (phloretin xylosyl glycoside), compared to white-fleshed cultivars. Besides, an important season effect has been detected in the concentration of the different phenolic compounds in all the apple varieties studied. Even though, the harvest season effect differed between the skin and the flesh part. Unlike other secondary metabolites, the inter-season variation of anthocyanins in red-fleshed apples has not shown a clear relationship with the climatic conditions of the year (rainfall and average temperature). Regarding the experimental model of CC (Objective 3), carried out in male Wistar rats, the results have shown that the dietary supplementation with 'Golden Smoothee' (white-fleshed) achieves a 41.3% inhibition of foci with aberrant crypts (preneoplastic lesion CC). On the other hand, the levels of colonic mucin have remained normal as a result of the supplementation with ‘Golden Smoothee’ and with cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (main anthocyanin of apples). These results reinforce the Welsh saying "An apple a day keeps the doctor away" in preventing the development of colon cancer.

Neospora caninum (filo Apicomplexa) é um parasita obrigatório intracelular como todos os membros deste filo, alguns reconhecidos por causarem doenças com impacto relevante na saúde humana (Plasmodium e Toxoplasma) e veterinária (Babesia, Eimeria e Cryptosporidium). Causador da neosporose, N. caninum vem emergindo como um dos maiores causadores de abortos infecciosos em bovinos, levando a consideráveis perdas econômicas na bovinocultura mundial. Devido à sua recente descoberta, o conhecimento sobre diversos processos bioquímicos de N.caninum ainda é limitado, demandando novas pesquisas para a compreensão de seus mecanismos de sobrevivência e consequente identificação de alvos para intervenção terapêutica. O processo de invasão celular é bastante investigado em pesquisas envolvendo apicomplexas, uma vez que a sobrevivência desses parasitas depende do sucesso de sua entrada na célula hospedeira. Proteínas secretadas de organelas filo-específicas (micronemas, roptrias e grânulos densos) estão intimamente envolvidas com a invasão celular. Elas são responsáveis pela interação inicial com a célula hospedeira, participam da junção de movimento formada no momento da invasão, e contribuem para a estabilização do vacúolo parasitóforo. Neste trabalho as proteínas secretadas por taquizoítas de N. caninum foram investigadas de duas formas: (1) por caracterização molecular de proteínas com domínio Apple; e (2) por estudo do secretoma do parasita. Os domínios proteicos do tipo Apple são caracterizados pela capacidade de interação proteína-proteína e proteína-carboidrato, e estão presentes em algumas proteínas micronêmicas com propriedades adesivas. Neste trabalho três proteínas de N. caninum contendo domínios Apple foram caracterizadas: MIC17A, MIC17B e MIC17C. A análise das sequências proteicas e das estruturas dos domínios Apple, obtidas por modelagem molecular, mostraram alta identidade sequencial e estrutural entre MIC17A e MIC17C. Apesar de ser paráloga às outras duas, MIC17B apresenta diferenças importantes em sua sequência e estrutura. Para MIC17B e MIC17C foram realizados experimentos de detecção das proteínas nativas nos extratos total e secretado do taquizoíta que sugerem diferentes formas de processamento entre essas proteínas no parasita. Para MIC17B foi confirmada a localização em micronemas, num padrão diferente do observado para MIC17C. Os ensaios de invasão combinados aos de localização indicam que estas proteínas estejam relacionadas ao processo de invasão celular, porém, suas funções permanecem desconhecidas. O secretoma é o conjunto de proteínas secretadas pelo parasita e, para explorar a composição deste extrato (ESA) no taquizoíta de N. caninum, duas abordagens complementares foram utilizadas. Na primeira abordagem foram identificadas as proteínas presentes no ESA por espectrometria de massas. Na segunda abordagem realizou-se uma ii quantificação relativa das proteínas, marcadas por dois isótopos, nos extratos totais de taquizoítas submetidos ou não ao estímulo secretório. O resultado esperado seria com as proteínas secretadas diminuídas no parasita estimulado. Em ambas as abordagens foram utilizadas técnicas de espectrometria de massas de alta resolução (nanoLC-MS/MS), o que resultou num alto número de identificações; 615 proteínas no ESA e 2011 proteínas quantificadas. A comparação das duas abordagens permitiu o reconhecimento de proteínas com maior probabilidade de secreção. Uma rede de interação entre as proteínas diferencialmente expressas foi predita, gerando resultados que, associados às informações sobre as proteínas aumentadas, permitiram uma investigação sobre proteínas potencialmente envolvidas com a regulação do metabolismo relacionado à secreção. Os resultados obtidos por ambos os estudos aqui demonstrados somam conhecimento acerca do parasita N. caninum e demonstram ser úteis para guiar a busca e seleção de alvos a serem investigados para o desenvolvimento de terapêutica contra a neosporose.<br>Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa phylum) is an obligatory intracellular parasite like all members from this phylum, some causing diseases with relevant impact on human (Plasmodium and Toxoplasma) and veterinary (Babesia, Eimeria and Cryptosporidium) health. Causative agent of neosporosis, N. caninum has emerged as one of the leading causes of infectious abortion in cattle, generating huge economical losses in worldwide livestock. Due to its recent discovery, knowledge of N. caninum biochemical processes remains scarce, demanding new research for comprehending its survival mechanisms and, consequently, identifying new targets for therapeutic intervention. The invasion process has often been investigated in apicomplexans since their survival depends on the success of their entry into the host cell. Proteins secreted from phylum-specific organelles (micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules) are deeply involved with invasion. They are responsible for the initial interaction with the host cell; participate of the moving junction formed in the moment of invasion; and contribute for the stabilization of the parasitophorus vacuole. In this study, the proteins secreted by N. caninum tachyzoites were investigated in two ways: (1) the molecular characterization of Apple domaincontaining proteins; and (2) exploring the parasite secretome. The Apple protein domains are characterized by the ability to interact as protein-protein and proteincarbohydrate, and are present in some microneme proteins with adhesive properties. Here three N. caninum proteins containing Apple domains were characterized: MIC17A, MIC17B and MIC17C. Analyses of the Apple domains sequences and structures, obtained by molecular modeling, revealed high sequential and structural identities between MIC17A and MIC17C. Although being a paralog of the other two proteins, MIC17B presents significant differences in its sequence and structure. Experiments were performed for native MIC17B and MIC17C detection in the total and secreted tachyzoite extracts, suggesting different processing forms for these proteins in the parasite. For MIC17B, the microneme localization was confirmed, differently from the pattern observed for MIC17C. Invasion and localization assays indicated that these proteins are related to the cell invasion process; nevertheless, their functions remain unknown. The secretome is the set of proteins secreted by the parasite and, to explore this extract (ESA) composition in N. caninum, two complementary approaches were used. Firstly proteins present in ESA were identified by mass spectrometry. In the second approach, a relative quantification was performed on the proteomes of ethanol stimulated/non stimulated tachyzoites, expecting that the secreted proteins would be down regulated at the stimulated parasite. Both approaches were performed with high resolution mass spectrometry techniques (nanoLC-MS/MS), reaching a high number of identifications: 615 proteins iv in ESA and 2011 quantified proteins. The comparison between both approaches allowed the recognition of the most likely secreted proteins. An interaction network was predicted, involving the differentially expressed proteins. These results, associated with the information of up regulated proteins, allowed the investigation of proteins potentially involved with the secretion metabolism regulation. The findings from our two studies add up knowledge about N. caninum and demonstrate to be useful in guiding the search and selection for new targets for therapeutic development against neosporosis.

Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters’ (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America’s Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States’ poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation’s strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today’s blurred privacy expectations.<br>B.S.<br>Bachelors<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Legal Studies

ompleix els criteris per ser considerat un biomarcador d'ingesta de baies en el plasma i l'orina humans. 3) consumir 100-150 g / dia d'illes senceres millora múltiples factors de risc de malaltia cardiovascular (MCV), i mortalitat per MCV. 4) a partir de la intervenció animal, les pomes riques en ACN tenen un efecte antiinflamatori, mentre que les pomes de polpa blanca redueixen les proteïnes relacionades amb el sistema de l'complement a cors i aortes de rates hipercolesterolémicas, el que suggereix un efecte de matriu de poma beneficiós, independentment del seu contingut d'ACN. 5) la ingesta oral d'ACN, independentment del seu origen, s'associa amb un risc reduït de DM2 i hipertensió en humans. A més, els ACN orals també milloren el perfil de lípids plasmàtics, el metabolisme de la glucosa i la funció endotelial, el que explica raonablement la reducció de el risc de DM2 associat amb la ingesta dietètica d'ACN. 6), L'administració oral de PC en animals millora la integritat i funció de la barrera intestinal a partir de tres mecanismes principals: a) la reducció de molècules proinflama<br>dando respuesta a diversas preguntas como la biodisponibilidad tisular del ACN, el biomarcador de consumo y los efectos de su ingesta en la salud humana. Métodos: Se realizó 1 experimento animal en ratas hipercolesterolémicas y 6 revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura científica siguiendo los procedimientos metodológicos más adecuados entre febrero de 2018 y febrero de 2021. Resultados: De varias revisiones sistemáticas: 1) las ACN se pueden detectar en múltiples tejidos diana con relevancia médica sugiriendo efectos sobre la salud. 2) C3G es el único ACN que cumple los criterios para ser considerado un biomarcador de ingesta de bayas en el plasma y la orina humanos. 3) consumir 100-150 g/día de manzanas enteras mejora múltiples factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV), y mortalidad por ECV. 4) a partir de la intervención animal, las manzanas ricas en ACN tienen un efecto antiinflamatorio, mie<br>periment on hypercholesterolemic rats and 6 systematic reviews from the scientific literature were conducted following the most adequate methodological proceedings between February 2018 and February 2021. Results: From various systematic reviews: 1st, ACNs can be detected in multiple target tissues with medical relevance, suggesting some health effects. 2nd, C3G is the only ACN fulfilling the criteria to be considered an adequate food-intake biomarker for berry consumption in human plasma and urine. 3rd, consuming 100-150 g/day of whole-apples improves multiple CVD risk factors and reduces the risk of CVD and CVD mortality. 4th, from the animal intervention, ACN-rich apples have an anti-inflammatory

Advertisements affect our daily lives and as technology and the practice of marketing has developed over the course of history, we have become exposed to greater amounts of product and service campaigns. The purpose of advertisements is to educate the consumer with the goal of ultimately selling the product, and many companies and organizations would not be able to survive without the use of advertisements. Ultimately, it is a necessity for a business to prosper in a competitive market, but there are possible side-effects for the consumer that are beyond the intentions to buy. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the effects advertisements play on the college student in particular. Different static/multi media advertisements have been shown to various college students ranging in gender and background to discover the comprehensive ramifications of specific promotions to study the moral and ethical impact that advertisements play on students' moral intent. An analysis and conclusion will be given, along with ideas for possible future studies. Recommendations will also be stated for marketers to be morally responsible for the advertisements they portray so the audience is not effected in a way that can lead to unwanted consequences. Ultimately, the results did not support the original hypotheses, leading to thought- provoking questions concerning our current marketing practices and the effectiveness of static and multimedia advertisements on college students. Future studies need to take place to reveal the accuracy of the study and to ultimately answer the question, "Are current advertisements influencing the audience at hand?"<br>B.A.B.A.<br>Bachelors<br>Business Administration<br>Marketing

The purpose of this study is to examine the evolution of six U.S. corporate logos--Apple, McDonald's, Nike, Pepsi, Shell, and Starbucks--from each logo's inception until the newest version of the graphic emblem today. The objective is to determine the meanings that logos have for a corporation's identity, mission, and relationships, as well as the messages that logos convey to viewers (i.e., mostly customers). By "evolution" of logos here, the researcher means "ongoing transformation" of logos. The semiotic model used in this analysis is Charles Sanders Peirce's (1958(1931)) semiotic framework. Peircean semiotics is made up of a three-part paradigm of signification: the representamen (or the sign itself), the object (or "referent"--what the sign refers to), and the interpretant (the effect on the viewer, or the viewer's interpretation). Based on the semiotic data on logo evolution, the researcher found six main themes that emerged across the analyses of U.S. corporate logos. These themes are (1) Direction toward the Future, (2) Identity with Viewers, (3) Instant Recognition and Distinctiveness, (4) Consistency throughout Evolution, (5) Invocation of Change, and (6) True Representation of Corporate Identity. The ultimate conclusion of this analysis is that the communicative intent of a company, through its logo, tends to take a long time to develop. A successful logo is one that portrays the true objectives and principles of a company. For this reason, the ideal identity of a corporation tends to be built over a long period of time, which makes logo improvement "evolutionary" in nature. In all six cases, communication plays a major part in logo improvement.<br>ID: 029808873; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-101).<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>Communication<br>Sciences

La question litigieuse en matière contractuelle correspond aux sanctions du contrat que les parties, à la suite d'un différend, décident d'introduire dans le procès civil. Le concept se présente comme un trait d'union entre le droit des contrats et la procédure civile : il offre ainsi une vision processualiste des sanctions du contrat, qu'il replace dans le contexte du procès civil, doublée d'une perspective contractualiste de la procédure civile, celle-ci étant chargée de la réalisation des droits substantiels des parties. La question litigieuse s'avère un instrument utile pour préciser la nature des sanctions du contrat que les parties peuvent solliciter ensemble et celles pour lesquelles il est nécessaire d'opérer un choix (en les hiérarchisant éventuellement par le mécanisme du subsidiaire). L'intérêt est également de spécifier le régime de l'évolution de la question litigieuse tout au long de l'instance. L'analyse révèle ainsi dans quelle mesure les parties peuvent la modifier en première instance, en appel, ou encore devant la Cour de cassation. De surcroît, lorsqu'un nouveau procès est entamé par un contractant, il faut s'assurer que la question nouvellement posée n'est pas identique à la précédente. Le concept encadre enfin les pouvoirs du juge appelé à trancher un litige relatif au contrat : il permet de savoir de quelle manière le juge peut ajouter ou substituer une sanction à celle choisie par les parties, et s'il dispose, à cet égard, d'un pouvoir ou d'un devoir d'y procéder. De la sorte, l'étude de la question litigieuse concourt à améliorer le traitement procédural du droit des contrats<br>The litigious question in contractual matters corresponds to the contractual sanctions that the parties enter into in a civil trial. It is the link between contract law and a civil proceeding: it offers a procedural vision of the contractual sanctions because they are analyzed in terms of their implementation by the civil trial, it also allows to have a contractualist's perspective about the procedural civil law inasmuch as the comprehension of the litigious question is based on a study of contract sanctions.On the one hand, the litigious question concept is used to specify which are the contractual sanctions that the parties have the right to solicit together and the sanctions between which it is necessary to choose (potentially by using a subsidiary claim). On the other hand, it also allows to define the rules of its evolution on the parties' or the judge's initiative. The study of the litigious question reveals to what extent the parties can change the question in the first instance, in appeal or before the Supreme Court. One of them can call a new trial as well; it should be checked that the new litigious question is not the same as the precedent one. Likewise, the concept frames the authority of the judge before which the sanction is requested. It clarifies especially how to proceed to add or substitute another penalty for that chosen by the parties, and if it is a faculty or an obligation. The study of the litigious question thus contributes to improve the procedural treatment of contractual law

Malgré le peu de fondements écrits consacrés à la justice dans le texte de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958, le Conseil constitutionnel, en réalisant un travail d’actualisation à partir de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen, a permis l’émergence d’un droit constitutionnel processuel, construit autour de principes directeurs. Ceux-ci peuvent être répartis dans trois catégories : deux principales, selon que l’acteur du procès prioritairement concerné soit le juge ou les parties et une troisième, complémentaire, celle des garanties procédurales, permettant de favoriser les qualités essentielles du juge et de contrôler le respect des droits des parties. Une gradation des exigences du Conseil constitutionnel est discrètement perceptible entre les deux premières catégories de principes, plus facilement identifiable entre celles-ci et la dernière famille. Cette échelle décroissante de « densité » des principes directeurs du procès témoigne d’une véritable politique jurisprudentielle en matière de droit constitutionnel processuel, qui met l’accent sur l’accès au juge, doté des qualités indispensables à l’accomplissement de sa mission juridictionnelle. Toutefois, aussi satisfaisante que soit l’action du juge constitutionnel français à l’égard du droit du procès, celle-ci nécessiterait aujourd’hui le relais du constituant, afin de moderniser le statut constitutionnel de la justice<br>In spite of a relatively low number of written dispositions dedicated to justice inside of the body of the Constitution of October 1958 4th, the constitutional Council, while updating this text through the Declaration of Human Rights, contributed to the development of a procedural constitutional law, which is structured around guiding principles. Those principles can be classified within three different categories : two major categories depend on the trial actor that is primarily concerned, either the judge or the parties; a third and additional category pertaining to procedural protections, fosters the essential qualities of the judge and secure the protection of the parties’ rights. A gradation of the requirements of the constitutional Council is discreetly perceptible between the first two categories of principles, and more easily identifiable between those first two categories and the last one. This decreasing scale of “density” yoked to the trial guiding principles highlights a genuine judicial policy when it comes to procedural constitutional law, emphasizing access to the judge, whom is given essential qualities in order to achieve its judicial duty. However, the action of the French constitutional judge, as satisfactory as it is towards the rights of the trial, would easily support the intervention of the constituent power in order to update Justice’s constitutional status

碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>分子科學與工程系有機高分子碩士班<br>106<br>White light-emitting diodes(WLEDs) is used as a backlight to a liquid crystal displays (LCD) instead of a conventional cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL). WLEDs’ Smaller size, higher brightness, wider color gamut, are among the advantages, but in recent years, wearable devices, automotive instrument panels, medical equipment, unmanned store and other technological applications, have to use LCDs. Since WLEDs are important component of the LCD, so one must use narrow band phosphors. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of narrow-band phosphors. It is divided into two parts. One, is to improve the water resistance of fluoride phosphor K2TiF6:Mn4+, and the second, is to increase the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of nitride phosphor powder SrLiAl3N4:Eu2+. In the first study, it optimized the synthesis and powder coating by layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 material on the surface of the LED wafer to increase the luminescence and water resistance of K2TiF6:Mn4+. This result improved the chemical stability of the fluorescent phosphor powder. In the second study, SrLiAl3N4:Eu2+ was successfully prepared by high temperature and high pressure solid-state synthesis by high isostatic press(HIP). Fine tuning of the temperature, pressure and time of synthesis establised the best sintering conditions. The addition of Ba3N2 flux also effectively increased the intensity of the emission spectrum.

The research developed a UV Taylor Couette reactor for disinfecting milk as a model opaque fluid. The principal of the reactor was to generate laminar vortices to support efficient mixing and homogenous UV photon distribution. The UV reactor parameters were optimized to generate laminar vortices that were stabilized by modification of the unit with baffles. A model was developed to predict the UV dose required to inactivate model microbes in milk. Through verification trials it was noted the predicted UV dose underestimated that required to support a 5 log cfu reduction of microbes. It was subsequently identified that the deviation from predicted values could be attributed to fat content that enhances the UV inactivation of microbes in milk with proteins providing protection to microbes. In conclusion, the UV Taylor Couette reactor has strong potential for disinfecting opaque fluids although matrix effects need to be considered when undertaking validation trials.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Georgia, 2001.<br>Directed by Larry R. Beuchat. Includes articles submitted to International journal of food microbiology, and Journal of food protection. Includes bibliographical references.

碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>公共行政與政策學系<br>104<br>The rules of Article 19 of the Statute for the Reduction of Farmland Rend to 37.5 Percent, as ‘the lessor cannot cultivate by himself’, ‘all the lessor’s current income can maintain his family's subsistence’, ‘he lessee will lose the subsistence to maintain his family if the lessor retrieves the leased farm land’, ‘in order to expand the scale of farm operated by his family’, ‘the farm land’ and ‘the farm lands currently cultivated by the lessor’, and ‘adjacent sections’ are indefinite legal concepts. When the lease contract expires during 2008, the administrative courts and administrative rules have different opinions about legal interpretation, resulting in the difficulties of street-level civil servants apply indefinite legal concepts. The research is based on the view of legal opinion and policy implementation, discussing reasons for the formation of background plight, and proposes solutions to the plight of way. Legal opinions discuss procedures and benchmarks to judge indefinite legal concepts. The view of policy implementation uses ‘the mode of policy implementation proposed by P. Sabatier and D. Mazmanian”. Using the way of ‘tractability of the problem’, ‘ability of statute to structure implementation’, and ‘non-statutory variables affecting implementation’, and discussing factors that affect the policy implementation process.