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Journal articles on the topic 'Red apple'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Mezhenskyj, V. M., D. V. Pyshcholka, L. O. Mezhenska, and O. S. Havryliuk. "An overview of the red-fleshed apple: History and its importance for horticulturists, gardeners, nurserymen, and consumers." Biosystems Diversity 32, no. 1 (2024): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012416.

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The present review summarizes the information on the botany, breeding, genetic features, cultivation, and nutraceutical values of red-fleshed apples. Malus sieversii var. niedzwetzkyana or Niedzwetzky’s apple became widely known after the publication of Georg Dieck in the last XIX century. It is characterized by anthocyanin coloration of all organs. Another source of red flesh is the ancient variety ‘Surprise’, which differs from the Niedzwetzky’s apple by a mutation in another gene. These two mutated genes, MYB10 and MYB110a, are located on chromosomes 9 and 17, respectively. Their expression

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Ningrum, Tri Widya, and Lagiono Lagiono. "DESKRIPSI FORMALIN PADA APEL DAN ANGGUR IMPORT DI KIOS BUAH DI EX KOTATIF PURWOKERTO KABUPATEN BANYUMAS TAHUN 2014." Buletin Keslingmas 34, no. 1 (2015): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v34i1.3023.

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Food is every biological, animalistic, processed or unprocessed for human drinking and feedingconsumption including food additive feeding material and other material for savingprocess, or drinking. Formalin is chemical efficient substance but, forbid to food additive, generallyformalin used in textile industry to avoid textile tangled. The goal of this research to known fruit quality(organoleptic) fruit peel, fruit color and fruit flavors in general and to know thereis or now formalin incontamination in import apples and grapes sold at ex kotatif Purwokerto market.This Resecearher of observati

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3

Rupasinghe, H. P. V., G. M. Huber, C. Embree, and P. L. Forsline. "Red-fleshed apple as a source for functional beverages." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 1 (2010): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09057.

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The potential of anthocyanin pigments in fruits and vegetables to provide protection against oxidative damage is well known. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside is a naturally occurring red pigment commonly found in skin of apples but also present in flesh of certain crab apple and apple genotypes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cyanidin-3-O-galactoside concentration and antioxidant capacity of juice made from 14 genotypes of red-fleshed apples in comparison to three white-fleshed apple cultivars and three commercial apple juices. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was found only in the juice mad

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Wang, Meili, Yarong Wang, Tiyu Ding, et al. "Red-TE Homozygous Alleles of MdMYB10 Confer Full-Red Apple Fruit Skin in a High-Temperature Region." Horticulturae 9, no. 2 (2023): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020270.

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Apple is a major fruit crop grown worldwide and provides humans with an essential diet and health benefits. One of the health benefits is related to the accumulation of fruit anthocyanin, which also provides fruit with an attractive red colour. It is known that an MdMYB10 allele containing a transposable element (TE) insertion in its promoter (termed Red-TE allele) underlies anthocyanin accumulation and red colouration in the fruit skin of cultivated apples. However, the distribution of this Red-TE allele in wider Malus germplasm accessions is not clear. In this study, we showed that MdMYB10 R

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5

Gheyas, Ferdous, Sylvia M. Blankenship, and Eric Young. "DIETARY FIBER IN APPLE." HortScience 28, no. 5 (1993): 461a—461. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.461a.

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Fiber composition of seven varieties of apple; Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, McIntosh, Stayman, Red Rome, and York were studied. Hydrolyzates of fiber fractions from fruit samples of these varieties were analyzed for rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose content. Fiber composition of Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apples at different developmental stages were also studied. Fruit were analyzed every 15 days starting from 30 days after fruit set through maturity. Marked varietal difference was observed in the rhamnose, fucose, galactose, and ma

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Ma, Hui, Wen Bo Liu, Yan Xia Zhou, and Tao Guo. "Nitrite Scavenging Activity of Apple Polyphenols in Simulated Gastric Condition." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.327.

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This study compared nitrite scavenging of apple polyphenols extracted from Fuji apple, yellow banana apple and red banana apple in simulated gastric conditions. Scavenging rates of peel and pulp polyphenols from single and mixed solutions from different varieties were studied. The results showed that: 1 In the same extraction process, which was ultrasonic treatment for 15min, the solid-liquid ratio 1:4 and ethanol volume fraction 60%, contents of polyphenols in red banana apple were significantly higher than that in other apples both in peel and pulp. 2 In simulated gastric conditions, nitrite

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7

Rom, Curt R., R. C. Rom, J. N. Moore, and J. R. Clark. "Advanced Selections of Summer Apples from the Arkansas Apple Breeding Program." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 531e—532. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.531e.

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An apple breeding program was begun in Arkansas in 1966 with objectives including the development of early maturing cultivars adaptable to warm environments. Several advanced selections have achieved this objective and are briefly described here prior to possible introduction as new cultivars. AA-50 (PCR3-120 × PCR4-56) mature 65–75 days after bloom, are moderate size (120–160 g), round, tart, juicy; red over green/white ground color. Fruit are similar to `Jonathan'. AA-63 (Jersey Mac × AA-11) mature 70–85 days after bloom, are moderate size (130–180 g), round, somewhat tart but with good suga

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8

Quamme, H. A., R. A. MacDonald, W. D. Lane, and C. R. Hampson. "Chinook apple." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 2 (1999): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-096.

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Chinook is an attractive, high-quality apple cultivar ripening after Red Delicious. It was selected for its outstanding appearance, texture and flavour and long storage life. Key words: Malus domestica Borkh., dessert apple, cultivar description

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9

Xu, Tao, Xiaomin Zhang, Yihang Zhu, Xufeng Xu, and Xiuqin Rao. "Evolution Pattern in Bruised Tissue of ‘Red Delicious’ Apple." Foods 13, no. 4 (2024): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13040602.

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The study of apple damage mechanisms is key to improving post-harvest apple treatment techniques, and the evolution pattern of damaged tissue is fundamental to the study of apple damage mechanisms. In the study, ‘Red Delicious’ apples were used to explore the relationship between damage and time. A cell death zone was found in the pulp of the damaged tissue after the apple had been bruised. The tissue damage was centered in the cell death zone and developed laterally, with the width of the damage increasing with injury time. The extent of tissue damage in the core and pericarpal directions var

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10

Bergamini, A., and L. Giongo. "RED EARLIB: A NEW RED SCAB RESISTANT APPLE CULTIVAR." Acta Horticulturae, no. 595 (December 2002): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.595.13.

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11

Hidayati, Siti, and Dwi Suyatmi. "PENGARUH MENGUNYAH BUAH APEL DAN JAMBU BIJI MERAH TERHADAP DEBRIS INDEKS." Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi 3, no. 2 (2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jkg.v3i2.1775.

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TITLEThe effect of apple and guava chewing to debris indexABSTRACTDebris is food accumulation contained in the oral cavity, if not promptly cleaned will cause dental caries disease. Debris can be cleaned mechanically or chemically. One of the way to clean debris by chewing apples and guava, fibrous texture and juicy fruit, so it can clean teeth naturally. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chewing an apple and red guava against debris index.This research method is quasy experimental with pre and post test design. Population were students aged 8-10 years. Samples are 40 st

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Wariyanto Abdullah, Robi, Rajnaparamitha Kusumastuti, and Handoko. "Analisis Pengolahan Ekstraksi Fitur Citra Untuk Klasifikasi Jenis Apel Menggunakan Scikit-Learn Dengan Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 12, no. 1 (2025): 165–74. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.20251219149.

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Jenis Apel di Indonesia makin beragam seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dibidang perkebunan.apel yang berkembang pesat. Penggunaan teknologi pengolahan citra dan pembelajaran mesin telah membuka peluang baru dalam mengatasi tantangan klasifikasi objek berbasis citra, termasuk dalam mengidentifikasi jenis buah apel.Penggunaan metode K-Nearest Neighbor sudah banyak terbukti dalam klasifikasi berbagai jenis data termasuk citra. Penelitian yang akan dilakukan akan mencoba melakukan analisa dan mengklasifikasikan jenis apel dengan membaca extrasi fitur citra menggunakan library scikit-learn dal

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Wariyanto Abdullah, Robi, Rajnaparamitha Kusumastuti, and Handoko. "Analisis Pengolahan Ekstraksi Fitur Citra Untuk Klasifikasi Jenis Apel Menggunakan Scikit-Learn Dengan Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 12, no. 1 (2025): 165–74. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2025129149.

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Jenis Apel di Indonesia makin beragam seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dibidang perkebunan.apel yang berkembang pesat. Penggunaan teknologi pengolahan citra dan pembelajaran mesin telah membuka peluang baru dalam mengatasi tantangan klasifikasi objek berbasis citra, termasuk dalam mengidentifikasi jenis buah apel.Penggunaan metode K-Nearest Neighbor sudah banyak terbukti dalam klasifikasi berbagai jenis data termasuk citra. Penelitian yang akan dilakukan akan mencoba melakukan analisa dan mengklasifikasikan jenis apel dengan membaca extrasi fitur citra menggunakan library scikit-learn dal

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14

Korban, Schuyler Safi, Jules Janick, Edwin B. Williams, and Frank H. Emerson. "‘Dayton’ Apple." HortScience 23, no. 5 (1988): 927–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.5.927.

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Abstract ‘Dayton’ is an attractive red apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) with field immunity to apple scab incited by Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint. This apple is named in honor of Daniel F. Dayton, Emeritus Professor and longtime leader of the disease-resistance apple breeding program at the Univ. of Illinois.

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15

Janick, Jules, Frank H. Emerson, Paul C. Pecknold, Jeffrey A. Crosby, Schuyler Safi Korban, and Daniel F. Dayton. "‘Williams’ Pride’ Apple." HortScience 23, no. 5 (1988): 928–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.5.928.

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Abstract ‘Williams’ Pride’ is an early-maturing, attractive, dark red apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) with excellent fruit quality and field immunity to apple scab incited by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. The fruit is of medium to large size and matures with the very earliest known commercial red cultivars in the midwestern United States. It ripens 1 week after ‘Lodi’ and 7.5 to 8 weeks before ‘Delicious’. ‘Williams’ Pride’ is released as a potential commercial cultivar for use as a summer dessert apple. The apple is named in honor of Edwin B. Williams, Emeritus Professor and long time lea

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16

Greene, Duane W. "Evaluation of New and Promising Apple Cultivars for New England." HortScience 33, no. 2 (1998): 205d—205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.2.205d.

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Over 225 apple cultivars grown at the Horticultural Research Center in Belchertown have been evaluated for fruit quality and fruit characteristics. Methods used to determine fruit characteristics and organoleptic assessment will be presented. The postharvest potential of the most promising apples will be presented. Two apples ripen about the first of September and show promise for early market. `Sansa' is a medium-sized red apple that ripens about the first of September. It is a high-quality apple with characteristics similar to `Gala'. `Ginger Gold' is a large, firm, mild-flavored, russet-fre

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Greene, Duane W. "Evaluation of New and Promising Apple Cultivars for New England." HortScience 33, no. 2 (1998): 205c. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.2.0205c.

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Over 225 apple cultivars grown at the Horticultural Research Center in Belchertown have been evaluated for fruit quality and fruit characteristics. Methods used to determine fruit characteristics and organoleptic assessment will be presented. The postharvest potential of the most promising apples will be presented. Two apples ripen about the first of September and show promise for early market. `Sansa' is a medium-sized red apple that ripens about the first of September. It is a high-quality apple with characteristics similar to `Gala'. `Ginger Gold' is a large, firm, mild-flavored, russet-fre

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18

Abbaspour-Gilandeh, Yousef, Abdollah Aghabara, Mahdi Davari, and Joe Mari Maja. "Feasibility of Using Computer Vision and Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Detection of Some Apple Pests and Diseases." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020906.

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There are many methods to detect plant pests and diseases, but they are primarily time-consuming and costly. Computer vision techniques can recognize the pest- and disease-damaged fruits and provide clues to identify and treat the diseases and pests in their early stages. This study aimed to identify common pests, including the apple capsid (Plesiocoris rugicollis)/AC, apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella)/ACM, Pear lace bug (Stephanitis pyri)/PLB, and one physiological disease-apple russeting/AR in two cultivars, Golden Delicious and Red Delicious, using the digital image processing and sparse

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19

Ropelewska, Ewa, Dorota E. Kruczyńska, Ahmed M. Rady, et al. "Evaluating the Classification of Freeze-Dried Slices and Cubes of Red-Fleshed Apple Genotypes Using Image Textures, Color Parameters, and Machine Learning." Agriculture 13, no. 3 (2023): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030562.

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Dried red-fleshed apples are considered a promising high-quality product from the functional foods category. The objective of this study was to compare the flesh features of freeze-dried red-fleshed apples belonging to the ‘Alex Red’, ‘Trinity’, ‘314’, and ‘602’ genotypes and indicate which parameters and shapes of dried samples are the most useful to distinguish apple genotypes. Apple samples were at the stage of harvest maturity. The average fruit weight, starch index, internal ethylene concentration, flesh firmness, total soluble sugar content, and titratable acidity were determined. One hu

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Mandal, Silpa, P. K. Sharma, Roaf Ahmad Parray, et al. "Monitoring of Carbendazim residues in post-harvest treated Red Delicious apples." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl (2024): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02s.046.

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This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the presence and levels of Carbendazim residues in post-harvest treated Red Delicious apples in two condition i.e. ambient stored condition and cold stored condition. Carbendazim, a benzimidazole fungicide, has gained prominence as an effective means of controlling fungal diseases in apple orchards, including the commonly encountered apple scab and powdery mildew. The residue levels of Carbendazim in post-harvest treated Red Delicious apples, however, raise concerns about consumer safety and environmental impact. The investigation

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Zhang, Yuanxi, Ye Tian, Change Zheng, Dong Zhao, Po Gao, and Ke Duan. "SEGMENTATION OF APPLE POINT CLOUDS BASED ON ROI IN RGB IMAGES." INMATEH Agricultural Engineering 59, no. 3 (2019): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-59-23.

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Autonomous harvesting and evaluation of apples reduce the labour cost. Segmentation of apple point clouds from consumer-grade RGB-D camera is the most important and challenging step in the harvesting process due to the complex structure of apple trees. This paper put forward a segmentation method of apple point clouds based on regions of interest (ROI) in RGB images. Firstly, an annotated RGB dataset of apple trees was built and applied to train the optimized Faster R-CNN to locate ROI containing apples in RGB images. Secondly, the relationship between RGB images and depth images was built to

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Budak, Nilgün Havva, Filiz Ozçelik, and Zeynep Banu Güzel-Seydim. "Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Apple Cider." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 6 (2015): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i6.356-360.265.

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Fruit and vegetables are an important component of a healthy diet and the main antioxidant suppliers in the human diet. Consumption of foods derived from fruits and vegetables is also essential; fruit juices, ciders, wines, and vinegars also contain significant amounts of polyphenolic compounds. The aim of the study was to determine the effect maceration of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of apple cider. Red delicious apples were used to produce natural apple cider with and without inclusion of maceration. Samples were taken from fresh red apple juice, macerated samples and apple cid

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Quamme, H. A., K. O. Lapins, H. Schmidt, R. A. MacDonald, W. D. Lane, and C. R. Hampson. "Creston apple." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 2 (1999): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-083.

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Creston is a new high-quality apple cultivar ripening 6 d before Red Delicious. It is large-fruited and similar to Jonagold in appearance but possesses better firmness and storage quality. It can be held for 8 wk in air storage (0 °C) and 4–5 mo in controlled-atmosphere storage. Key words: Malus domestica Borkh., dessert apple, cultivar descriptionnot available

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Kaya, A., O. Aydın, and C. Demirtaş. "Drying Kinetics of Red Delicious Apple." Biosystems Engineering 96, no. 4 (2007): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.12.009.

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25

Vázquez, Burguete José Luis, Pérez David Abril, González David Álvarez, Martínez de Compañón Raúl Martínez, and Martínez Álvaro Tabuyo. "PRODUCT RED. EL CASO APPLE INC." Casos de Marketing Público y No Lucrativo 7 (July 21, 2022): 407–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6874751.

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La empresa Product RED se ha convertido con los años en un ejemplo claro de cómo luchar contra el sida en las zonas del planeta más desfavorecidas, siendo estas ubicadas principalmente en el continente africano. Su gran repercusión se debe a la colaboración con empresas punteras de distintos sectores (Tecnológico y moda), además de la realización de campañas efectivas para tratar de atraer público, concienciando a la población sobre el grave problema que existe hoy día en muchos países sobre el SIDA. Ent

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Lancaster, Jane E., Jan E. Grant, Carolyn E. Lister, and Michael C. Taylor. "Skin Color in Apples—Influence of Copigmentation and Plastid Pigments on Shade and Darkness of Red Color in Five Genotypes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 1 (1994): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.1.63.

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The biochemical and cytological mechanisms responsible for the differences in red color quality of apples (Malus domestics Borkh.) were investigated. Copigmentation, the increase in absorbance maxima (λ max) from anthocyanin and flavonoid interactions, is known to be a mechanism for producing variation in shade of red in flowers. In intact apple skin cells, the mean λ max was 550 nm, with no significant difference between genotypes. Furthermore, the ratio of flavonols and proanthocyanidins to anthocyanins was similar for all genotypes. Therefore, copigmentation is not a mechanism producing dif

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Neshovska, Hristina. "DETERMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF APPLE POMACE IN RELATION TO ITS UTILISATION AS AN INNOVATIVE FEED RAW MATERIAL." Tradition and Modernity in Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 1 (2024): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12743918.

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Globally, the food industry is one of the largest and fastest-growing industries. However, food production is also associated with the generation of tons of waste, which has a serious negative impact on the environment. Almost 50 % of fruits used for freshly squeezed juice production become waste. Animal husbandry and especially feed raw materials cultivation also has a serious ecological footprint on nature. The inclusion of these waste products in the feeding of farm animals could help to reduce economic losses, having a positive environmental effect as well. In this regard, the aim of

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Yan, Bin, and Xiameng Li. "RGB-D Camera and Fractal-Geometry-Based Maximum Diameter Estimation Method of Apples for Robot Intelligent Selective Graded Harvesting." Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 11 (2024): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8110649.

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Realizing the integration of intelligent fruit picking and grading for apple harvesting robots is an inevitable requirement for the future development of smart agriculture and precision agriculture. Therefore, an apple maximum diameter estimation model based on RGB-D camera fusion depth information was proposed in the study. Firstly, the maximum diameter parameters of Red Fuji apples were collected, and the results were statistically analyzed. Then, based on the Intel RealSense D435 RGB-D depth camera and LabelImg software, the depth information of apples and the two-dimensional size informati

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Rom, Curt R., Roy C. Rom, and James N. Moore. "ADVANCED APPLE SELECTIONS IN THE ARKANSAS APPLE BREEDING PROGRAM: FRUITS FOR THE MID-SOUTH." HortScience 26, no. 5 (1991): 486a—486. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.486a.

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The Arkansas apple breeding program began in 1966 with objectives to develop high quality, dual purpose, adapted cultivars with a range of harvest dates and resistance to spring diseases. The program has two goals: 1) to develop red colored apples which are large, tart, firm and ripen between June and August; and, 2) develop yellow apples as a replacement for `Golden Delicious' which are large, typey, without russet and with a range of maturities from July through September. Apples with commercial potential are AA-18 (red, ripens 1-July), AA-44 (red, ripens 15-July), AA-58 (yellow, ripens 29-A

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Hall, F. R., and S. R. Aim. "Apple, Mite Control, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (1986): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.13.

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Abstract Test pesticides were applied to 20-year-old Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Jonathan, and Stayman apple trees planted 40 ft by 40 ft in dilute sprays (270-300 gal/acre). We used a randomized design with each cultivar as a replicate. Applications were made with a handgun at 450 psi on 10 and 29 May, 5 and 20 Jun, 3 and 17 Jul, and 1 and 15 Aug. All treatments included Cyprex 65WP at ½ lb/100 gal. European red mite (ERM) populations were assessed by sampling 25 leaves per tree, brushing mites onto glass plates treated with Tween 20 in the laboratory.

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Miller, Stephen S., and George M. Greene. "267 Improving Red Color on Apples with a Reflective Groundcover." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 437C—437. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.437c.

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In many years, apples grown in the mid-Atlantic region fail to exhibit a high percentage of the dark red color that buyers and consumers desire. In 1996, we initiated studies to examine the use of a metalized silver low-density polyethylene reflective groundcover (RGC) to improve red color on several apple cultivars under several training systems. A RGC placed in the orchard drive middle of 8-year-old `Delicious' apple trees trained to a “Y” trellis increased the percent surface red color and resulted in darker, more red-colored apples at harvest. A RGC increased surface red color on `Empire'

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Mankin, Jennifer L., and Julia Simner. "A Is for Apple: the Role of Letter–Word Associations in the Development of Grapheme–Colour Synaesthesia." Multisensory Research 30, no. 3-5 (2017): 409–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002554.

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This study investigates the origins of specific letter–colour associations experienced by people with grapheme–colour synaesthesia. We present novel evidence that frequently observed trends in synaesthesia (e.g., A is typically red) can be tied to orthographic associations between letters and words (e.g., ‘A is for apple’), which are typically formed during literacy acquisition. In our experiments, we first tested members of the general population to show that certain words are consistently associated with letters of the alphabet (e.g., A is for apple), which we named index words. Sampling fro

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33

Zhang, Shuangyi, Yixi Chen, Lingling Zhao, et al. "A novel NAC transcription factor, MdNAC42, regulates anthocyanin accumulation in red-fleshed apple by interacting with MdMYB10." Tree Physiology 40, no. 3 (2020): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa004.

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Abstract Anthocyanin pigmentation is an important consumption trait of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). In this study, we focused on the identification of NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) proteins involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in apple flesh. A group of MdNACs was selected for comparison of expression patterns between the white-fleshed cultivar ‘Granny Smith’ and red-fleshed ‘Redlove’. Among them, MdNAC42 was screened, which exhibited a higher expression level in red-fleshed than in white-fleshed fruit, and has a positive correlation with anthocyanin content as fruits ripene

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Angelova, Violina, Sava Tabakov, Anton Yordanov, and Dimitar Dimitrov. "Content of heavy metals, macro- and microelements in apple fruits." Agricultural Sciences 16, no. 43 (2024): 92–100. https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.43.010.

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The research evaluated the content of heavy metals, micro, and macronutrients in fruits of eight apple varieties - Red Del. Superchief, Fujion pbr, Enterprise, Pinova, Orion, Red Del. Mestar, Gemini and Crimson crisp, grown in orchard near Brestnik village, situated at 3.5 km distance from the potential source of pollution (the Holding KCM 2000) near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Significant varietal differences in the composition of the apple fruit were observed. The highest content of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, P, Mg and K were found in the variety Red Del. Superchief. Variety Pinova contained Ca and Hg,

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Hull, Larry A. "Apple, Rosy Apple Aphid Control, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (1988): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.22.

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Abstract The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 9 insecticide treatments and a control replicated 5 times. Plots consisted of 4 trees, one each of the cultivars 'York Imperial,' 'Red Delicious,' 'Golden Delicious,' and 'Rome Beauty.' Experimental sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa. Spray dates corresponded to the following phenological stages ('Golden Delicious): half-inch green, 9 Apr; early pink, 20 Apr; and pink, 22 Apr. A regular fungicide schedule (Benlate, Bayleton, Dithane M-45, Manzate 200) was maintained thro

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Tang, Chun Xiao, En Bang Li, Chuan Zhen Zhao, and Chao Li. "Quality Detection and Specie Identification of Apples Based on Multi-Spectral Imaging." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.158.

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This paper introduced an apple quality detection and specie identification system based on multi-spectral imaging. Under an international mixed light illumining, system can capture red, green and infrared images of apples at the same time. A software programmed based on Matlab 6.5.1 is used for image processing to complete the detection of quality and specie. According to processing results, the subtotals and classification are made into grading standards. These can be quickly and easily applied to the automation of agriculture fruit grading system. In the experiment, some most common apples i

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Li, Yida, Shengchun Lin, and Jingjuan Ma. "A recognition algorithm applied to apple orchard picking robot." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2824, no. 1 (2024): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2824/1/012001.

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Abstract In complex orchard environments, the recognition accuracy of picking robots is often affected by lighting conditions, leaf occlusion, and overlapping apple images. To address the problem of inaccurate judgment of apple fruit maturity by picking robots in orchards, we conducted research on Red Fuji apples and proposed a comprehensive model for judging apple maturity. The model first accurately identifies apples through the instance segmentation algorithm Mask R-CNN, divides apple boundaries, and then combines apple image RGB and apple fruit shape proportion to comprehensively analyze a

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Ropelewska, Ewa, Justyna Szwejda-Grzybowska, Mariusz Lewandowski, and Monika Mieszczakowska-Frąc. "The Estimation of Phenolic Compounds, Sugars, and Acids of the Cultivar and Clones of Red-Fleshed Apples Based on Image Features." Foods 14, no. 7 (2025): 1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14071138.

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The genotypes of red-fleshed apples can vary in the intensity of red color and other fruit quality parameters. Crossing red-fleshed apple genotypes may lead to the development of new genotypes with increased health properties desired by apple processors. For fruit samples belonging to 5 genotypes, such as the cultivar ‘Trinity’ and four clones (90, 120, 156, and 158), image textures and the contents of sucrose, fructose, glucose, sorbitol, total sugars, L-ascorbic acid, malic acid, citric acid, and phenolic compounds were measured. Five groups of polyphenols, namely, flavanols, dihydrochalcone

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Dong, Yi hu, Deepali Mitra, Arend Kootstra, Carolyn Lister, and Jane Lancaster. "Postharvest Stimulation of Skin Color in Royal Gala Apple." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 1 (1995): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.1.95.

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The red color of Royal Gala apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) skin increased in intensity following irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and white light. The enhanced red apple color was due to an increase in anthocyanin concentration and the increase was dose dependent. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the composition of flavonoids in UV treated and natural red colored apple skins was similar. The red apple skin color further increased after storage at 4C in the dark. During the course of irradiation the enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalco

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Li, Heng, Vigasini Subbiah, Colin J. Barrow, Frank R. Dunshea, and Hafiz A. R. Suleria. "Phenolic Profiling of Five Different Australian Grown Apples." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (2021): 2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052421.

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Apples (Malus domestica) are one of the most widely grown and consumed fruits in the world that contain abundant phenolic compounds that possess remarkable antioxidant potential. The current study characterised phenolic compounds from five different varieties of Australian grown apples (Royal Gala, Pink Lady, Red Delicious, Fuji and Smitten) using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and quantified through HPLC-PDA. The phenolic content and antioxidant potential were determined using various assays. Red Delicious had the highest total phenolic (121.78 ± 3.45 mg/g fw) and total flavonoid content (101.23 ± 3.75 mg

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Barnett, Matthew P. G., Wayne Young, Kelly Armstrong, et al. "A Polyphenol Enriched Variety of Apple Alters Circulating Immune Cell Gene Expression and Faecal Microbiota Composition in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (2021): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041092.

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Polyphenols within fruits and vegetables may contribute to health benefits due to their consumption, with the anthocyanin sub-set also adding colour. The Lemonade™ apple variety has green skin and white flesh, with low anthocyanin content, while some apple varieties have high anthocyanin content in both the skin and flesh. Effects of red compared with white-fleshed apples were studied in healthy human subjects in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over intervention trial. Twenty-five healthy subjects consumed dried daily portions of the red-fleshed or placebo (white-fleshed) apple for two

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FISHER, TOMEKA L., and DAVID A. GOLDEN. "Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Apples Used in Cider Production." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 10 (1998): 1372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.10.1372.

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Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, Rome, and Winesap apples stored at 4, 10, and 25°C was determined. E. coli O157:H7 populations were monitored for up to 18 days (4°C), 12 days (10°C), and 5 days (25°C), when mold contamination became visible. At 25°C, Red Delicious apples supported survival of E. coli O157:H7 better (P &lt; 0.05) than the other cultivars, followed by Golden Delicious and Rome apples, which were not statistically different (P &gt; 0.05). Winesap apples were the least favorable (P &lt; 0.05) for survival of E. coli O157:

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Knebel, Thomas, Peter Braun, and Helmut Dietrich. "Degradation kinetics of anthocyanins and polyphenols during storage of red apple juice produced from red-fleshed apples." European Food Research and Technology 244, no. 10 (2018): 1741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-018-3086-4.

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Rehman, Haseeb ur, Tasneem Mubarak, Manzoor Ah Ganai, Shahid Ahmad Shergojry, and Ab Shakoor Khanday. "Evaluation of Tall Spindle Planting System of Apple Cultivars at Low, Mid, and High Altitudes of Kulgam District of J&K (UT), India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 37, no. 1 (2025): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2025/v37i15246.

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A study to evaluate the apple tall spindle system located in low, mid, and high altitudes of district Kulgam was undertaken during 2022-23 and 2023-24 covering production, quality, and profitability parameters. The highest average yield/ha (kg) in all apple cultivars was observed in the Qaimoh zone. Average A-grade apple/ha were obtained highest in the Manzgam zone in all studied apple cultivars although the same zone resulted in the lowest average yield/ha (kg). The lowest average B-grade apples/ha in case of Red Chief (2994.15kg), Jeromine (3281.89kg), Red Velox (3759.62kg) and Golden Delici

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Goonewardene, Hilary F., and Paul H. Howard. "E7-47, E7-54, E29-56, and E31-10 Apple Germplasm with Multiple Pest Resistance." HortScience 24, no. 1 (1989): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.1.167.

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Abstract E7-47, E7-54, E29-56, and E31-10 apples (Malus × domestica Borkh) were found resistant to apple scab, [Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.] in greenhouse tests and in the field. Field and laboratory resistance to red-banded leafroller [Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) in E7-47, European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] in E7-54, apple maggot [Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)j in E29-56, and to codling moth (Laspyresia pomonella L.) in E31-10 were also found. E31-10 was also found to have resistance to European red mite in the field and greenhouse. E7-47, E7-54, E29-56, and E31-10 have been

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Poghosyan, Alina. "Red apple tradition: Contemporary interpretations and observance." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 56, no. 2 (2011): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aethn.56.2011.2.7.

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Lv, Jidong, Huanmin Ni, Qi Wang, Biao Yang, and Liming Xu. "A segmentation method of red apple image." Scientia Horticulturae 256 (October 2019): 108615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108615.

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Pope, Nicole. "Facing Up to the Big Red Apple." Index on Censorship 35, no. 3 (2006): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220600882063.

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Beers, E. H., and S. C. Hoyt. "European Red Mite Control on Apple, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (1994): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.36.

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Wise, John C. "Apple, Control of European Red Mite, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (1997): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.32.

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