Academic literature on the topic 'Red blood cell (RBC)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Red blood cell (RBC).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Red blood cell (RBC)"
1
Kor, Daryl J., Camille M. Van Buskirk, and Ognjen Gajic. "Red Blood Cell Storage Lesion." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 9, no. 1 (October 20, 2009): S21—S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2009.2750.
Full textAbstract:
The past two decades have witnessed increased scrutiny regarding efficacy and risk of the once unquestioned therapy of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Simultaneously, a variety of changes have been identified within the RBC and storage media during RBC preservation that are correlated with reduced tissue oxygenation and transfusion-associated adverse effects. These alterations are collectively termed the storage lesion and include extensive biochemical, biomechanical, and immunologic changes involving cells of diverse origin. Time-dependent falls is 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, intracellular RBC adenosine triphosphate, and nitric oxide have been shown to impact RBC deformability and delivery of oxygen to the end-organ. The accumulation of biologic response modifiers such as soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), and Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) have been associated with altered recipient immune function as well. This review will address the alterations occurring within the RBC and storage media during RBC preservation and will address the potential clinical consequence thereof.
2
Annan, Edwin, Kristin G. Fless, Nirav Jasani, Frantz Pierre-Louis, Fariborz Rezai, and Paul C. Yodice. "Red Blood Cell Transfusion Practices." ICU Director 4, no. 1 (December 3, 2012): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1944451612467534.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objectives. High-intensity ICU staffing model is associated with quality and outcome improvements. Restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion strategies have been shown to have equivalent mortality to a more liberal strategy in the ICU. We examined the effect of high-intensity staffing on pretransfusion hemoglobin levels, RBC transfusion rates and length of ICU stay. Materials and Methods. The study was a retrospective chart review (n = 196) of all patients admitted to the adult medical/surgical ICU for more than 24 hours one year prior to and after institution of the high-intensity staffing model. Results. Matched for demographics and diagnosis, RBC transfusion rates pre- versus postinstitution of the high-intensity staffing model was 42% versus 27%, respectively, and pretransfusion hemoglobin levels were lower (8.94 to 7.39 g/dL). Length of stay was 4.1 days pre–high-intensity staffing and 4.0 days post–high-intensity staffing. Conclusions. High-intensity ICU staffing resulted in fewer RBC transfusions and lower transfusion thresholds. This restrictive RBC transfusion strategy had no adverse effects on patient ICU length of stay.
3
Schrier, S. "Red Blood Cell Diseases (RBC) 1." ASH Image Bank 2002, no. 0605 (June 5, 2002): 100344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/ashimagebank-2002-100344.
Full text
4
Schrier, S. "Red Blood Cell Diseases (RBC) 2." ASH Image Bank 2002, no. 0605 (June 5, 2002): 100345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/ashimagebank-2002-100345.
Full text
5
Colard, Martin, Michaël Dussiot, Anaïs Martinez, Carole Peyssonnaux, Patrick Mayeux, Fleur Samantha Benghiat, Pierre Buffet, Olivier Hermine, and Pascal Amireault. "Erythropoietin Downregulates Red Blood Cell Clearance in Mice." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-126768.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Equilibrium between red blood cells (RBC) production and clearance maintains an appropriate circulating RBC biomass. During anemia or hypoxia, a well-characterized hypoxia-dependent induction of erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis leads to an increase in RBC production. At the other extremity of the RBC lifespan, age-related modifications of RBC properties are expected to be recognized by the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) and trigger their clearance. We reasoned that, like RBC production, RBC clearance might be physiologically regulated by hypoxia and therefore that its downregulation could contribute to maintain an appropriate RBC biomass. A mouse model was used to explore specific hypotheses on potential regulatory mechanisms involved in RBC clearance. Material and methods Two steps in vivo biotinylation was used to evaluate the impact of EPO on 3 RBC subpopulations: a young subpopulation (<25 days at treatment initiation) representing the RBC produced, one of intermediate age (25-34 days at treatment initiation) which is neither produced nor eliminated, and an old one (> 34 days at treatment initiation) that is steadily cleared. A model of RBC banking (leucocyte depleted and stored in CPDA solution) was used to evaluate the clearance after transfusion of fluorescently-labeled storage-damaged RBC by flow cytometry. Different recipient models were used to evaluate the impact of specific parameters on RBC clearance including: phlebotomy-induced anemia, normobaric hypoxia, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) treatment (darbepoietin), splenectomy, doxorubicin-induced inhibition of erythropoiesis and EPO neutralization (anti-EPO rabbit serum) either alone or in combination. Results Decreased clearance of the oldest subpopulation was observed 2 days after ESA treatment and before the increase in RBC production (7 days). After 20 days of treatment, an increased number of RBC from the oldest subpopulation was detected in circulation confirming that senescent RBC clearance is sensitive to EPO signaling. After transfusion, clearance of storage-damaged RBC is reduced by 30% in anemic recipients when compared to non-anemic recipients. RBC clearance is significantly reduced in hypoxic non-anemic recipients, as soon as 6 hours after the initiation of hypoxia, suggesting that hematocrit per se does not affect RBC clearance. In ESA-treated non-anemic non-hypoxic mice, RBC clearance is also reduced showing that EPO signaling is sufficient. To investigate the role of the spleen in this process, splenectomy was combined with the previous models. As expected, RBC clearance was reduced by 20% in splenectomized recipients. RBC clearance is however even more decreased when splenectomy is combined with anemia, hypoxia or ESA treatment compared to splenectomized or control mice, suggesting that EPO downregulation of RBC clearance is not restricted to the spleen. Erythropoiesis inhibition did not alter the anemia-induced downregulation of RBC clearance ruling out the possibility that an erythroid factor is involved in the process. Finally, neutralization of circulating EPO not only abolishes the reduction of RBC clearance observed in anemic recipients, but also increases RBC clearance in both anemic and non-anemic recipients. Taken together these results indicate that EPO regulates RBC clearance during anemia and in steady state (Figure). Conclusion RBC clearance is downregulated during anemia/hypoxia and EPO is sufficient and necessary to mediate this physiological function. RBC clearance downregulation preceded the increase in production rate induced by ESA treatment suggesting it is a very early physiological response to maintain oxygen supply during anemia. The lifespan of a circulating RBC is therefore adaptable and could be regulated by 2 factors: the RBC pro- and anti-phagocytic properties on one side and, on the other side, the MPS level of activity and sensitivity toward these RBC properties. In case of anemia or hypoxia, increased EPO level would act on the RBC itself, on the activity/sensitivity of the MPS or both to downregulate RBC clearance until the equilibrium between oxygen need and supply is restored. Future studies will evaluate if the pathological dysregulation of this mechanism participates in the pathogenesis of anemia or, modulate transfusion efficacy and burden in chronically transfused patients. Figure Disclosures Buffet: Zimmer Biomet: Research Funding. Hermine:Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; AB science: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Honoraria, Research Funding. Amireault:Zimmer Biomet: Research Funding.
6
Chhetri, Rakchha, Amilia Wee, Romi Sinha, Monika M. Kutyna, Soumya Gupta, Lakshmi Nath, Shriram V. Nath, et al. "Red Cell Alloimmunisation Is Associated with Increased Red Cell Transfusion Requirements in Myelodysplastic Syndrome." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-115848.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Up to 90% of MDS patients require red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Literature addressing incidence and impact of alloimmunization in MDS is limited. We previously reported that 11% RBC-transfused MDS patients develop alloantibodies and RBC-transfusion requirement increases following alloimmunization (Singhal et al Haematologica 2017). This study aims to assess mechanism of increased RBC transfusion requirement following alloimmunization in MDS patients by comparing RBC-transfusion requirement following single and multiple alloantibodies, and impact of autoantibody on transfusion requirement. Primary MDS (PMDS), oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN) patients enrolled in the SA-MDS registry (n=1002) between Nov 1991-Jun 2017, followed up for >3 months, received at least 1 unit of RBC and did not develop alloantibodies before first RBC transfusion were selected for analysis. Cumulative incidence (CI) of RBC-alloimmunization and clinical impact of alloimmunization including autoantibody formation and change in RBC-transfusion requirements was assessed. We also assessed risk factors for alloimmunization using recursive partitioning and Cox-regression. Seven hundred and sixty-two patients (76%) were eligible for analysis; 584 (76.5%) PMDS, 56 (7.3%) oligoblastic AML and 123 (16%) were t-MN. The median age was 72 years (range 18-97) and 489 (64%) were males. According to the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R), 44.9% and 54.9% patients were classified as IPSS-R Very low/Low risk and Intermediate/High/Very high risk, respectively. The CI of alloimmunization in RBC-transfused patients was 15% (Fig 1A) and alloantibodies were most commonly against K (32%), E (26%), C (18%), Jka (10%) & Duffy (3%) antigens. Interestingly, 53% (53/99) of alloimmunized patients had single alloantibody while 46% (46/99) had multiple alloantibodies detected simultaneously or subsequently. RBC requirement was significantly higher in alloimmunized compared to non-alloimmunized patients (80±95 vs 41±58, p<0.0001; Fig 1B). This difference is unlikely due to difference in overall survival (OS) as median OS of the two groups was not significantly different (27.5 vs 33.7 months; p=0.2). Importantly, RBC requirement of alloimmunized patients significantly increased after alloantibody formation (22±38 vs 57±82, p<0.0001; Fig 1C). This increase is unlikely to be due to difference in follow-up period before and after alloimmunization (12.3 vs 10.7 months; p=0.9). RBC transfusion requirement increased following single (24±44 vs 49±91; p=0.005; Fig 1D) and multiple (21±31 vs 67±70; p<0.0001; Fig 1E) alloantibody formation. RBC requirement prior to alloimmunization was not significantly different between patients with single and multiple alloantibodies (24±44 vs 21±31; p=0.9); however following alloimmunization, it was higher in patients with multiple alloantibodies compared to single alloantibody (49±91 vs 67±70; p=0.06). Increase in RBC requirement following alloimmunization could partly be due to autoantibody formation.The 12-month CI of autoantibody formation was significantly higher in alloimmunized patients compared to non-alloimmunized (31 vs 1.7%; p<0.0001; Fig 1F) and 26% of autoantibodies were detected within 3 months of alloimmunization indicating temporal relation between alloimmunization and autoantibody formation. Within alloimmunized patients, more patients with multiple alloantibodies developed autoantibodies as compared to patients with single alloantibody (67% vs 31%; p<0.001). We then compared impact of autoantibodies on RBC transfusion requirements. Baseline RBC requirement in alloimmunized patients with and without autoantibodies was not significantly different (25.4±34.6 vs 20.4±41.5; p=0.2). However, RBC transfusion requirement following alloimmunization was significantly higher in patients developing autoantibodies compared to patients without autoantibodies (82.51±110 vs 35.61±35.93; p=0.003). In our large cohort of 1002 patients, 15% of RBC transfused patients develop alloantibodies, most commonly against Rh and Kell. The RBC transfusion requirement increases after alloimmunization, most probably due to formation of multiple subsequent alloantibodies and autoantibodies. Hence, we recommend extended phenotype matched RBC transfusion to MDS patients. Disclosures Ross: Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Honoraria. Hiwase:Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding.
7
Beerlage, Astrid, Joerg Halter, Sabine Gerull, Michael Medinger, Tanja Ruefli, Georg Stussi, Dominik Heim, et al. "Red Blood Cell Allo-Antibodies after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116237.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may require red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. AB0 blood group barrier is the clinically most important RBC group in transfusion medicine and HSCT and patients always receive AB0 compatible RBC transfusions. Some patients however develop allo-antibodies against minor RBC antigens. To date there is only limited information about the specificity, immuniser and risk factors for the development of RBC allo-antibodies. In this retrospective single centre study we aimed to identify specificities, risk factors and clinical significance of the development of RBC allo-antibodies in HSCT patients. Methods In this study, we examined the occurrence of RBC alloantibodies in all consecutive patients treated with allogeneic HSCT at the University Hospital Basel between 1996 and 2017 receiving RBC transfusions. RBC and PLT components were all leukocyte depleted. As of 2012, all PLT components were pathogen reduced using the Intercept Blood system. AB0 and extended RBC typing of donor/ recipient pairs, the total number of RBC transfusions and their blood group typing (AB0 and extended RBC antigen typing when available) and the detection of RBC allo-antibodies were analysed and related to clinical outcome parameters. Results 1314 donor/ recipient pairs were analysed. 110 (13%) of patients developed RBC allo-antibodies, 66 patients (5%) prior to HSCT, and 103 (8%) developed the first RBC allo-antibody after HSCT. 8 patients (0.6%) with an RBC allo-antibody before HSCT developed further RBC allo-antibodies after HSCT. Most patients developed only one RBC allo-antibody but in single patients up to 6 antibodies could be detected. The median time between HSCT and the detection of the antibody was 61 days, corresponding to the phase of the most intensive immunosuppressive treatment. In 60% of the patients developing RBC allo-antibodies after HSCT, the antibody was neither directed against the stem cell donor nor the recipient. In these cases, immunization occurred most likely by RBC transfusion. Anti-Rhesus-group antibodies are the most common antibodies (57%). >10 RBC transfusions and the development of GvHD were risk factors for the development of antibodies. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of RBC allo-antibodies between donor type (related vs. unrelated), age or sex of the recipient. Only few patients showed significant haemolysis in the period of the detection of the antibody. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was positive in 66% of the cases. Haemolysis defined as an increase of bilirubin, LDH or reticulocytes and a haemoglobin drop of more than 10 g/l could only be reported in 6% of the cases with antibodies detected. The development of RBC allo-antibodies per se has no effect on the survival of patients (1y-survival 70±3% (without antibody) versus 68 ± 9%). However, evidence of haemolysis (even without drop of haemoglobin) in the context of allo-antibodies, is associated with significantly worse survival (1y- survival 75 ± 10% versus 42 ± 20%). Conclusion Allo-Antibodies after HSCT significantly contribute to the difficulties in transfusion management of these patients. Formation of RBC allo-antibodies is not frequent, but patients showing haemolysis after the development of an RBC allo-antibody show decreased survival. Most RBC allo-antibodies appear to be induced by RBC transfusion rather than by minor blood group mismatching between donor/ recipient pairs. Disclosures Heim: Novartis: Research Funding.
8
Revskij, Denis, Susanne Haubold, Torsten Viergutz, Claudia Kröger-Koch, Armin Tuchscherer, Hermine Kienberger, Michael Rychlik, et al. "Dietary Fatty Acids Affect Red Blood Cell Membrane Composition and Red Blood Cell ATP Release in Dairy Cows." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11 (June 5, 2019): 2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112769.
Full textAbstract:
Diets of dairy cows are often based on maize silage (MS), delivering lower amounts of n-3 fatty acids (FA) compared to grass silage-based diets. The fatty acid composition of the cell membrane can affect the cell function. We evaluated the effects of an MS-based diet on bovine red blood cell (RBC) membrane FA composition and dietary effects on controlled ATP release of RBC. In trial 1, German Holstein cows were fed an MS-based total mixed ration for 24 weeks. The FA composition of RBC membranes from repeatedly taken blood samples was analysed in addition to the abundance of the RBC membrane protein flotillin-1, which is involved in, for example, cell signalling. In trial 2, four rumen fistulated MS-fed cows were abomasally infused in a 4 × 4 Latin square model with three successively increasing lipid dosages (coconut oil, linseed–safflower oil mix (EFA; rich in n-3 FA), Lutalin®, providing conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) or the combination of the supplements, EFA + CLA) for six weeks, followed by a three-week washout period. In trial 2, we analysed RBC ATP release, flotillin-1, and the membrane protein abundance of pannexin-1, which is involved in ATP release as the last part of a signalling cascade. In trial 1, the total amount of n-3 FA in RBC membranes decreased and the flotillin-1 abundance increased over time. In trial 2, the RBC n-3 FA amount was higher after the six-week infusion period of EFA or EFA + CLA. Furthermore, depending on the dosage of FA, the ATP release from RBC increased. The abundance of flotillin-1 and pannexin-1 was not affected in trial 2. It is concluded that changes of the membrane FA composition influence the RBC function, leading to altered ATP release from intact bovine RBC.
9
Risinger, Mary, and Theodosia A. Kalfa. "Red cell membrane disorders: structure meets function." Blood 136, no. 11 (September 10, 2020): 1250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019000946.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The mature red blood cell (RBC) lacks a nucleus and organelles characteristic of most cells, but it is elegantly structured to perform the essential function of delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from all other cells while enduring the shear stress imposed by navigating small vessels and sinusoids. Over the past several decades, the efforts of biochemists, cell and molecular biologists, and hematologists have provided an appreciation of the complexity of RBC membrane structure, while studies of the RBC membrane disorders have offered valuable insights into structure–function relationships. Within the last decade, advances in genetic testing and its increased availability have made it possible to substantially build upon this foundational knowledge. Although disorders of the RBC membrane due to altered structural organization or altered transport function are heterogeneous, they often present with common clinical findings of hemolytic anemia. However, they may require substantially different management depending on the underlying pathophysiology. Accurate diagnosis is essential to avoid emergence of complications or inappropriate interventions. We propose an algorithm for laboratory evaluation of patients presenting with symptoms and signs of hemolytic anemia with a focus on RBC membrane disorders. Here, we review the genotypic and phenotypic variability of the RBC membrane disorders in order to raise the index of suspicion and highlight the need for correct and timely diagnosis.
10
Alfrey, C. P., M. M. Udden, C. Leach-Huntoon, T. Driscoll, and M. H. Pickett. "Control of red blood cell mass in spaceflight." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.98.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of spaceflight on red blood cell mass (RBCM), plasma volume (PV), erythron iron turnover, serum erythropoietin, and red blood cell (RBC) production and survival and indexes were determined for six astronauts on two shuttle missions, 9 and 14 days in duration, respectively. PV decreased within the first day. RBCM decreased because of destruction of RBCs either newly released or scheduled to be released from the bone marrow. Older RBCs survived normally. On return to Earth, plasma volume increased, hemoglobin concentration and RBC count declined, and serum erythropoietin increased. We propose that entry into microgravity results in acute plethora as a result of a decrease in vascular space. PV decreases, causing an increase in hemoglobin concentration that effects a decrease in erythropoietin or other growth factors or cytokines. The RBCM decreases by destruction of recently formed RBCs to a level appropriate for the microgravity environment. Return to Earth results sequentially in acute hypovolemia as vascular space dependent on gravity is refilled, an increase in plasma volume, a decrease in hemoglobin concentration (anemia), and an increase in serum erythropoietin.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Red blood cell (RBC)"
1
Kuck, Jan L. "Mechanotransduction in red blood cells." Thesis, Griffith University, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/421118.
Full textAbstract:
Red blood cells (RBC), the oxygen-carriers within blood, eject their nuclei and other organelles to optimise cellular mechanics for gas exchange in capillary networks. Lack of organelles, however, strictly limits circulatory longevity of these cells, due to the inability to repair damaged cellular components. Given the turnover of RBC, the cell population within blood is inherently heterogenous, comprising RBC across the whole spectrum of in vivo age. Moreover, surrender of translational capacity restricts cellular signalling within RBC to modifications of existing proteins and/or flux of ions through membrane-embedded channels,
rather than alterations in protein expression.
The traversal of the cardiovascular system for the purpose of gas exchange exposes RBC to varying mechanical forces. Exposure to mechanical force physically deforms the RBC membrane, which, upon cessation of force exposure, readopts its native bi-concave disc chape. Novel observations support that these mechanical forces also activate biochemical pathways that may acutely and transiently alter RBC mechanics. The molecular machinery facilitating these mechanotransduction processes in RBC, however, is largely undescribed.
The aim of the present body of work was thus to elucidate i. mechanotransductive pathways in mature, enucleated RBC; ii. the contribution of mechanically-activated signalling to the regulation of RBC mechanics; and iii. the impact of sub-populations of RBC with abnormal mechanical properties on blood fluid behaviour.
The salient findings of the present dissertation support the presence of a relevant post-translational signalling network in circulating, enucleated RBC, some of which is sensitive to activation by mechanical forces. The cation channel Piezo1 appears to be a central mechanism of ‘force sensing’ in these cells. That is, opening of Piezo1 in response to mechanical force facilitates influx of calciumions, which regulate RBC mechanics via diverse mechanisms, including acute shifts in cell volume, selective removal of susceptible cells within a given RBC population, and initiation of nitric oxide production.
Collectively, the herein presented results enhance the current understanding of fundamental RBC physiology by elucidating hitherto unrecognised signalling pathways. Given the demonstrated relevance of these processes to the regulation of RBC mechanical properties, which determine blood fluid properties and effective gas exchange, components of mechanically-activated signalling in these cells may provide novel therapeutic targets. Moreover, adverse complications arising in scenarios where blood is exposed to mechanical forces far exceeding those investigated here, for example during transit of mechanical circulatory support devices or dialysis machines, may be linked to overactivation of mechanically-sensitive signalling.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Health Sci & Soc Wrk
Griffith Health
Full Text
2
Jadidi, Mansoor. "Numerical and Experimental Model of Healthy and Damaged Red Blood Cell Trajectories in Micro-channels." Thesis, Griffith University, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/421347.
Full textAbstract:
Motivation: Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most common cells in the blood due to their high concentration. The RBC has a deformable membrane enclosing a jelly-like fluid known as the cytosol. For many years, the dynamics of RBCs has attracted growing interest both numerically and experimentally in various fields of research on biological systems. Owing to their high deformability, RBCs exhibit complex dynamic behaviours in micro-vessels where Reynolds numbers (Re) are less than unity (Re < 1). First, a healthy RBC at a low shear rate or a high viscosity contrast (λ - defined as the ratio of viscosities between RBC cytosol and external fluid), may tumble, i.e., the whole RBC rotates continuously in the original shape like a rigid body. Second, at a high shear rate or a low viscosity contrast (λ), the RBC may exhibit a tank-treading motion, i.e., its membrane rotates around the cytosol which maintains a fixed angle with respect to the flow direction. Finally, a healthy RBC migrates in the lateral direction towards the micro-vessel axis while moving in the longitudinal direction (downstream) of a micro-vessel.
Under physiological conditions, the RBC experiences a varying range of shear stresses (typically in the range of 1-10 Pa) in the circulatory system without exhibiting any physical signs of mechanical damage. Upon exposure to high shear stresses, such as those present within mechanical circulatory support, RBCs exhibit irreversible functional impairment called sub-haemolytic/sub-lethal damage. Sub-haemolytically damaged RBCs exhibit impaired mechanical properties that substantially alter bulk flow behaviour when compared with healthy RBCs. However, there has been little attention directed toward characterizing sub-haemolytic damage in literature. For better understanding, it is necessary to have a reliable model to predict the dynamics of sub-haemolytically damaged RBCs in micro-vessels in comparison with healthy RBCs.
Methods: Highly-efficient numerical approaches have been developed to investigate blood flow, with particular emphasis on the motion and deformation of RBCs under shear flow. Among these methods, the integration of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and immersed boundary method (IBM) has received considerable attention. In this dissertation, a 2D in-house generated algorithm based on the LBM-IBM was utilised for the numerical simulations. Moreover, a spring-based model was applied to simulate the elastic behaviour of the RBC membrane. Finally, a microfluidic experimental system including flow control, image capture, and data acquisition was established to validate the numerical results with the experimental results.
Goal: The main focus of this dissertation was to establish a 2D LBM-IBM coupled with a spring-based model to simulate the trajectory of both healthy RBC and damaged RBC in Poiseuille flow in low Reynolds numbers (Re < 1), in which the numerical results are compared with the experimental ones to allow for model validation. The second aim of this study was to numerically simulate the tumbling and tank-treading-like motion of a single RBC (healthy and damaged) in a micro-channel. Finally, the third aim was to numerically simulate the effect of the viscosity contrast (λ) on the trajectory of an RBC in a micro-channel. λ is one of the important factors that can severely affect RBC dynamics and cell deformation in a shear flow. Because of computational complexity, little effort has been made to numerically model the effect of λ on RBC dynamics in flow in the literature, for this reason, most of the current simulation studies assume for simplicity the viscosity contrast of unity.
Results: Overall, the numerical results indicated a reasonable agreement with the observed experimental results. However, the numerical simulation predicts a larger migration (1.81 μm for the healthy RBC and 0.96 μm for the damaged RBC) compared to the experimental tests (1.20 μm for the healthy RBC and 0.41 μm for the damaged RBC). Moreover, the experimental results showed that at a certain distance from the entrance of the micro-channel, the RBCs have a rolling motion like a wheel but without lateral migration. Due to the deformability of the RBCs, this motion is unstable so that later on, the RBCs migrate laterally toward the centreline of the micro-channel. The results also showed that the distance at which rolling motion happens is greater for the damaged RBCs (~ 150 μm) compared to the healthy RBCs (~ 25 μm) because the damaged cells deform less. The numerical results confirm this result. It can be seen from the numerical results that the healthy RBC experiences the tank-treading motion compared to the damaged RBC that exhibits the tumbling motion. Furthermore, the numerical results indicated a significant impact on the RBC trajectory when λ = 5 compared to λ = 1. The higher viscosity contrast of 5 has less lift (5.06 μm) in comparison with the lower viscosity contrast of 1 (6.56 μm). In addition, for a fixed viscosity contrast λ of 10, as the rigidity of the RBC increases, its final lateral and longitudinal displacements decrease.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
3
Han, Tian. "Flow cell separation in fluctuating g-field." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11105.
Full textAbstract:
Field flow fractionation of particles in rotating coiled column has been investigated in recent year. In contrast to the classical mode of field flow fractionation in narrow channels, the use of rotating coiled columns offers the possibility of large sample loading. In this thesis, the potential for new cell separation methods based on the use of flow fractionation in fluctuating g-fields generated in rotating coil columns is examined. The effects of operational conditions (flow rate and rotational speed – Chapter 3 and Chapter 5); cell properties (cell flexibility – Chapter 4); and column shapes (different inner diameters and coil geometries – Chapter 6) on the flow behaviour of a model system of red blood cells (RBCs) from different species, which differ markedly in size, shape & density, flowing in a single phase of buffered saline have been characterised. Operational Conditions: For a particular rotational speed, there was a minimum flow rate which caused all the cells to be retained in the column and a maximum flow rate at which all cells were eluted. Both the minimum and maximum flow rate were increased when a higher rotational speed was applied. Differences in the behaviour of sheep & hen RBCs have been used to develop a separation method using a continuously increasing flow gradient. This separation could be speeded up by using a step flow gradient. The effects of cell load and rotational direction on the behaviour of RBCs in the column was also studied in this thesis. Cell Properties: The minimum flow rate was found to correlate with cell diameter/cell volume of the RBCs as expected for a sedimentation related process and was partially described by a theoretic equation developed for particles by Fedotov and colleagues (Fedotov et al. 2005). However cell dependent departures from this equation were found which appear to indicate that cell specific surface properties may also be involved for cells (Chapter 3). By contrast the maximum flow rate showed no correlation with cell diameter/cell volume. An effect of cell deformability on the flow separation behaviour of the cells has been demonstrated. Chemical fixation of sheep RBCs with glutaraldehyde rendered the normally deformable RBCs rigid and non-deformable and resulted in the fixed sheep RBCs eluting significantly earlier than unfixed sheep RBCs. This difference was great enough that a mixture of deformable (unfixed) and non-deformable (fixed) sheep RBCs could be separated. Fixed cells tended to show cell aggregation, which could be reduced by the addition of surfactant. Column Geometry: An effect of column shapes on the flow separation behaviour of cells has been demonstrated showing that the optimisation of column design is an important feature of this mode of cell separation. For columns with the same cross sectional area, a “horizontal” rectangular column provided better separation than a circular column and a “vertical” rectangular column gave the least efficient separation. A possible explanation for this behaviour is suggested the thinner sedimentation layer and less secondary flow. Differences in the behaviour of various species of RBCs in the “horizontal” rectangular column have been used to study the efficiency of separation of a mixture of sheep and hen RBCs, and a mixture of rabbit and hen RBCs. This work shows similarities and differences with other reports on cell/particle separations in rotating coiled columns in single phases and also in aqueous two phases systems (ATPS) and these are discussed. Fedotov P.S., Kronrod V.A. & Kasatonova O.N. (2005). Simulation of the motion of solid particles in the carries liquid flow in a rotating coiled column. J. Anal. Chem., 60, 4, 310-316.
4
Alves, Eloisa Nunes. "Red blood cell (RBC) - Teste de hemolise: uma alternativa ao teste de Draize-irritacao ocular na avaliacao do poder toxico de produtos cosmeticos no controle de qualidade." Rio de Janeiro : [s.n.], 2003. http://bvssp.cict.fiocruz.br/lildbi/docsonline/get.php?id=221.
Full text
5
Alves, Eloisa Nunes. "Red blood cell (RBC) - Teste de hemólise: uma alternativa ao teste de Draize-irritação ocular na avaliação do poder tóxico de produtos cosméticos no controle de qualidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2003. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8442.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-24T12:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)
170.pdf: 2427185 bytes, checksum: 0bf00a5fbc2821c8dcd7fdd3a2524593 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2003O objetivo do presente trabalho, foi o de correlacionar os resultados obtidos em Teste convencional in vivo, de Draize de Irritação ocular, em coelhos, que preconiza o estudo quantitativo das lesões induzidas por produtos cosmétidos na conjuntiva, córnea e íris, com os resultados do Teste RBC, in vitro, que preconiza a análise quantitativa da hemólise e desnaturação protéica induzidas pelos mesmos produtos, em eritrócitos de mamíferos, com a finalidade não só de validar este último como um Teste preliminar capaz de selecionar produtos altamente irritantes, excluindo-os do Teste de Draize, bem como avaliar o Teste in vitro, como uma alternativa válida para uma eventual substituição do Teste in vivo. Para isto, realizamos estudo paralelo in vivo/in vitro de 23 substâncias-teste (19 podutos cosméticos e 4 tensoativos) procurando relacionar as lesões das 3 estruturas oculares, quantificadas por escores, com os 3 parâmetros in vitro, referentes à indução, em eritrócitos de carneiro, (i) de hemólise (H50) e (ii) de desnaturação protéica (ID), cuja razão H 50/ID, reflete o Potencial de Irritação(PI) das substâncias-teste. Em termos de tensoativos, obtivemos expressivas correlações entre as médias dos escores máximos (MEM) das lesões das três estruturas oculares, com os efeitos induzidos nos 3 parâmetros in vitro, com Coefs. Correlação de Pearson (CCP) de 0,900 a 0,988. Resultados análogos ocorreram com os produtos cosméticos em relação à conjuntiva e córnea (CCP: 0,682 a 0,788) porém, em menor escala, em relação à íris. (CCP: 0,513 a 0,519), Portanto, o Ensaio RBC pode ser usado como screening para avaliar o PI de produtos cosméticos que contenham tensioativos pois revelou-se capaz de predizer, com um elevado nível de precisão (96 por cento) o valor desse PI. Além disso mostrou elevados graus de sensibilidade e especificidade, com índices da ordem de 94 e 100 por cento respectivamente.
The objective of the present study was to correlate the results obtained in vivo with the standard Draize test of ocular irritation, which permits a quantitative study of the lesions induced by cosmetic products in the conjunctiva, cornea and iris, with the in vitro results of the sheep red blood cell (RBC) test, which permits a quantitative analysis of the hemolysis and protein denaturation induced by the same products in mammalian erythrocytes, in order not only to validate the latter as a preliminary test capable of selecting highly irritating products, excluding them from the Draize test, but also to evaluate the in vitro test as a valid alternative for an eventual replacement of the in vivo test. To this end, we performed a parallel in vivo/in vitro study of 23 test substances (19 cosmetic products and 4 tensoactive agents) in order to relate the lesions of the 3 ocular structures, quantified by scores, to the 3 in vitro parameters concerning the induction of (i) hemolysis (H50) and (ii) protein denaturation (ID) in sheep RBC whose H 50/ID ratio reflects the irritation potential (IP) of the test substances. With respect to the tensoactive agents, we obtained significant correlations between mean maximum scores for the lesions of the three ocular structures and the effects induced on the 3 in vitro parameters, with Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) of 0.900 to 0.988. Similar results were obtained for the cosmetic products with respect to the conjunctiva and the cornea (PCC: 0.682 to 0.788) although to a lesser extent compared to the iris (PCC: 0.513 to 0.519), Thus, the RBC assay can be used as a screening method to assess the IP of cosmetic products containing tensoactive agents since it proved to be able to predict the IP value with a high level of accuracy (96%). In addition, the assay showed high sensitivity and specificity rates of 94 and 100%, respectively.
6
Meirelles, Alyne Fávero Galvão. "Uso da cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas sequencial para determinação do perfil de eicosanoides em plasma após estimulação: comparação entre pacientes com anemia falciforme e indivíduos saudáveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-02052016-105840/.
Full textAbstract:
Os eicosanoides, produtos do metabolismo do ácido araquidônico, apresentam papel importante na homeostasia e na patogênese de diversas doenças humanas. A biossíntese desses compostos pode ser estimulada por agentes farmacológicos como ionóforos e inibidores da Ca2+-ATPase, e também por agonistas naturais como o formil-metionil-leucil-fenialanina (fMLP). Considerando os interesses em avaliar e comparar o perfil de mediadores lipídicos, como os leucotrienos (LTs), as prostaglandinas (PGs), os ácidos epoxieicosatrienoicos (EETs), os ácidos dihidroxitetraenoicos (DiHETEs) e os ácidos hidroxieicosatetraenoicos (HETEs), na saúde e na doença, o objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar um método analítico para determinar do perfil de eicosanoides em plasma humano após estimulação do sangue total, e assim observar diferenças entre indivíduos saudáveis e doentes. Dessa forma, um método por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas sequencial (HPLC-MS/MS) foi validado para quantificação de 22 eicosanoides em plasma de indivíduos saudáveis. A análise por HPLCMS/ MS foi realizada em modo negativo pelo modo de varredura por monitoramento de reações múltiplas (MRM). A linearidade do método apresentou coeficiente de correlação (r) maior que 0,98 para todos os eicosanoides analisados. A precisão e exatidão intra e inter-ensaios tiveram desvio padrão e erro relativo menores que 15%, exceto para o limite inferior de quantificação cujos valores foram menores que 20%. Para estimulação das células do sangue total, quatro estímulos (fMLP, ionomicina, A23187 e tapsigargina) foram utilizados. A análise estatística mostrou que o A23187 e a tapsigargina foram os estímulos mais potentes na indução da produção de eicosanoides. Em seguida, comparamos o perfil de eicosanoides em amostras de plasma de indivíduos saudáveis com pacientes com anemia falciforme (AF), em tratamento com hidroxiureia (HU) ou transfusão sanguínea crônica. Os resultados demonstraram que o método é preciso para determinação de diferenças entre os pacientes e indivíduos saudáveis quanto à produção dos mediadores lipídicos 5-HETE, 12-HETE, LTB4, LTE4, TXB2 e PGE2. Portanto, nosso método analítico é sensível, específico e reprodutível para identificar e quantificar diferenças no perfil de eicosanoides em amostras de sangue estimuladas in vitro, e poderá contribuir para o estabelecimento do perfil de mediadores lipídicos em diferentes doenças inflamatórias e infecciosas.Eicosanoids, products from arachidonic acid metabolism, play an important role in the homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Pharmacological agents such as Ca2+ ionophores and Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors, as well as natural agonists such as fMet-leu-Phe (fMLP) can stimulate eicosanoid biosynthesis. Considering the interests in evaluate and compare the profile of lipid mediators, as leukotriens (LTs), prostaglandins (PGs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxytetraenoic acids (DiHETEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), in healthy and disease, the aim of this work was to standardize a method to determine the eicosanoid profile of human plasma samples after whole blood stimulation, and to assess differences between healthy and sick individuals. For this purpose, a liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was validated for the quantification of 22 eicosanoids using human plasma from healthy volunteers. In addition, we optimized a method for the stimulation of eicosanoids in human whole blood. LC-MS/MS analyses were performed by negative electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. An assumption of linearity resulted in a regression coefficient > 0.98 for all eicosanoids tested. The mean intra-assay and inter-assay accuracy and precision values had relative standard deviations and relative errors of < 15%, except for the lower limit of quantification, where these values were < 20%. For whole blood stimulation, four stimuli (fMLP, ionomycin, A23187, and thapsigargin) were used. Results of the statistical analysis showed that A23187 and thapsigargin were potent stimuli to induce the production of eicosanoids. We next compared the eicosanoid profiles of healthy volunteers to those of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) under treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) or after chronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. The results indicate that the method was sufficient to find a difference between lipid mediators released in whole blood of SCA patients compared to healthy subjects for 5-HETE, 12-HETE, LTB4, LTE4, TXB2, and PGE2. In conclusion, our analytical method is sensitive, specific and reproducible for indentify and quantify changes in eicosanoid profiles in whole blood stimulated in vitro, which can contribute to establishing the eicosanoid profiles associated with different inflammatory and infectious diseases.
7
Mehri, Rym. "Red Blood Cell Aggregation Characterization: Quantification and Modeling Implications of Red Blood Cell Aggregation at Low Shear Rates." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35093.
Full textAbstract:
Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cells in human blood, representing 40 to 45% of the blood volume (hematocrit). These cells have the particular ability to deform and bridge together to form aggregates under very low shear rates. The theory
and mechanics behind aggregation are, however, not yet completely understood.
The purpose of this work is to provide a novel method to analyze, understand and mimic blood behaviour in microcirculation. The main objective is to develop a methodology to quantify and characterize RBC aggregates and hence enhance the current understanding of the non-Newtonian behaviour of blood at the microscale. For this purpose, suspensions of porcine blood and human blood are tested in vitro in a Poly-di-methylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel to characterize RBC aggregates within these two types of blood. These microchannels are fabricated using standard photolithography methods. Experiments are performed using a micro Particle Image Velocimetry ( PIV) system for shear rate measurements coupled with a high speed camera for the flow visualization.
Corresponding numerical simulations are conducted using a research Computational
Fluid Dynamic (CFD) solver, Nek5000, based on the spectral element method
solution to the incompressible non-Newtonian Navier-Stokes equations. RBC aggregate sizes are quantified in controlled and measurable shear rate environments for 5, 10 and 15% hematocrit. Aggregate sizes are determined using image processing techniques. Velocity fields of the blood flow are measured experimentally and compared to numerical simulations using simple non-Newtonian models (Power law and Carreau models).
This work establishes for the first time a relationship between RBC aggregate sizes
and corresponding shear rates in a microfluidic environment as well as one between RBC aggregate sizes and apparent blood viscosity at body temperature in a microfluidic controlled environment. The results of the investigation can be used to help develop new numerical models for non-Newtonian blood flow, provide a better understanding of the mechanics of RBC aggregation and help determine aggregate behaviour in clinical settings such as for degenerative diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
8
Rodríguez, Lázaro Guillermo. "Red Blood Cell mechanics: from membrane elasticity to blood rheology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283973.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanics and elasticity of red blood cells (RBCs) determine the capability to deform of these cells when passing through the thinnest capillaries, where the delivery of oxygen takes place. The understanding of the elastic properties of RBCs is fundamental for improving our knowledge about microcirculation and it also has important biomedical applications, such as control of blood storage, or cell manipulation for pathology diagnosis. In this Thesis, we study the elasticity of RBCs under different conditions, understanding their mechanical response to different type of perturbations. In a first Part, we study the shape morphologies observed in the disco-echinocyte transition, when the cell is subjected to an imbalance in the membrane asymmetry, for instance after ATP depletion when lipids flip from the inner to the outer leaflet. Affected cells deform, adopting crenated morphologies known as echinocytes. We develop a theoretical study which allows us to identify and quantify the relevant aspects that trigger the shape transition. The lipid bilayer tries to expand its outer leaflet in order to accommodate the excess area, whereas the cytoskeleton opposes resistance to this type of deformations, preserving more compact shapes. The subtle interplay between both membrane structures determines the equilibrium morphology of the cell. The cytoskeleton is fundamental to ensure the stability of the healthy shape, the discocyte, against changes in the membrane composition. However, it is not severely stressed under weak deformations in which low curvatures are involved. Our results show that the energetic scale of these shape transitions is of hundreds of kbT, demonstrating the large stability of these shapes. Based on the knowledge gained from the theoretical study we also analyze a series of experiments in which echinocytes are mechanically perturbed by a AFM tip, inducing shape transitions towards the healthy discocyte in a controlled manner. In the second Part, we derive a phase-field method for membrane modeling. Phase-field methods have been extensively used for the study of interface phenomena, though with few applications to membranes. We present a new model which accounts for the membrane elasticity, and couples the membrane dynamics with an external fluid, whose hydrodynamics is dictated by the Navier-Stokes equation. We derive the expression of the stress tensor which allows us to recover the stress profile of the membrane. We also obtain the membrane equilibrium equations, proving that in the macroscopic limit our phase-field model recovers the correct expressions given by the elastic theory of membranes. In the third Part we make use of this phase-field model to study the behaviour of RBCs in flow in narrow channels, of width similar to that of the cell. We consider pressure-driven flows as they relevant for both in vivo and in vitro circulation. We carry out simulations by means of a lattice-Bolztmann method. Our study highlights the crucial role of the RBC shape, softness and deformability to explain its complex behaviour and rheological properties. RBCs flowing at low concentratrions, when they do not interact with other cells and the dynamics is governed by the interaction with the cell, are shown to migrate lateral towards the wall, avoiding the axial position. The RBC assumes an asymmetric shape and orients with the flow, reducing the viscosity of the fluid which presents a shear-thinning behaviour. The lateral position can be controlled by tuning the channel geometry and flow velocity, and it is also dependent on the shape of the cell, as sherical cells as shown to occupy and axial position. The control of these factors is important for the manipulation of different cell species, such as RBCs and leukocytes, in microfluidic devices.
Finally, we study the behaviour of RBC suspensions at intermediate concentrations, when hydrodynamic interactions between RBCs govern the dynamics. The focusing to lateral positions induced by the walls is inhibited and cells are shown to order along the channel section, occupying the core of the channel. RBCs adopt and horizontal inclination, forming a relatively ordered structure of parallel rows. The rheology of the suspension is also affected, as the interactions between cells attenuate the orientation with the flux and higher flow velocities are required to induce the shear-thinning decay of the viscosity. The results presented in this Thesis highlight the delicate dependence of the cell mechanics in the balance of the cell membrane composition and elastic properties. They also demonstrate that the elastic behaviour of the cell, determined by its membrane, is also crucial for the rheological behaviour of blood, and any process of membrane damage or stiffening can substantially alter the correct blood functioning.El estudio del comportamiento mecánico de los glóbulos rojos es fundamental para entender aspectos relevantes acerca de la elasticidad de membranas y reología de la sangre, incluyendo importantes aplicaciones biomédicas. En esta tesis se aborda la respuesta elástica de estas células bajo diferentes tipos de deformaciones morfológicas. Por un lado, se estudia el efecto de la microestructura de la membrana en las formas de equilibrio de los glóbulos, identificando la función del citoesqueleto celular cuando la asimetría en la bicapa lipídica es alterada (por ejemplo, reduciendo los niveles de ATP). Nuestros resultados muestran que la bicapa tiende a expandirse formando estructuras puntiagudas, mientras que el citoesqueleto se opone a estas deformaciones y mantiene formas más compactas cercanas al discocito. El citoesqueleto aparece como un elemento fundamental para estabilizar la célula en su conformación de equilibrio. En la segunda parte de la tesis, se deriva un modelo de interfase difusa para membranas. Para ello obtenemos el perfil de esfuerzos que muestra cómo el modelo captura correctamente las propiedades elásticas de las membranas. También se obtienen las ecuaciones macroscópicas que definen el comportamiento de equilibrio y dinámico del modelo, y que convergen correctamente a los resultados clásicos de la teoría general de membranas. Finalmente, en la tercera parte realizamos simulaciones haciendo uso de este modelo de interfase difusa para estudiar el comportamiento de glóbulos rojos fluyendo en canales confinados. El estudio refleja la compleja respuesta de las células, en las que la elasticidad y deformabilidad forman un papel clave. Los glóbulos a bajas concentraciones evitan la posición central del canal y se desplazan hacia un lateral, adquiriendo morfologías asimétricas y orientándose con el flujo. Esto permite que la viscosidad del fluído disminuya. En cambio, a mayores concentraciones, cuando varias células fluyen juntas, la interacciones hidrodinámicas inhiben este comportamiento, y las células fluyen alineadas con una orientación horizontal, organizadas en filas tanto en los laterales como en el centro del canal. La interacción y apantallamiento entre las células hace que el decaimiento en la viscosidad requiera de velocidades considerablemente mayores.
9
Al-Gailani, Bassam Talib. "Deformability of human red blood cell ghosts." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238724.
Full text
10
MacCallum, Cecilia Mermel. "Red Blood Cell Stability in Uremic Rats." VCU Scholars Compass, 1996. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5142.
Full textAbstract:
Determining the fragility of the red blood cell (RBC) is important for the diagnosis of and evaluation for treatment of several RBC diseases. In part RBC production is controlled through the hormone erythropoietin secreted by the kidney. In a previous study from this laboratory, it was found that RBC were more stable in uremic male rats compared to controls. In this experiment, uremia was induced in four groups of female rats through a two stage nephrectomy. The nephrectomy involved the removal of two-thirds of the left kidney, followed by the removal of the entire right kidney one week later. The animals were divided into three groups; NX-(5/6 nephrectomy), SH-(sham surgery), and PF-(sham surgery, but were fed the same food weight as the NX animals). The samples obtained in Trial I and Trial II were divided into two categories; initial and final. The initial samples were collected 14 days after the sham and five- sixth nephrectomy surgeries. The final sample were collected at the time of sacrifice. The samples obtained in Trial 11 consisted only of initial samples, taken fourteen days after the five-sixth nephrectomy and sham surgeries were completed. The samples in Trial IV were final samples, obtained at the time of sacrifice. Decreasing hypotonic %NaCl solutions were used to determine the hemolysis of RBC from the rats. RBC hemolysis was determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring hemoglobin absorbance at 540nm in the supernatant fluid. Analytic precision experiments using multiple assays of the same blood sample for 50% RBC hemolysis showed a coefficient of variation of only 1.1%. Analysis of the %NaCl at 50% RBC hemolysis did not differ significantly between the three groups of animals suggesting that although the NX animals were uremic, the RBC did not differ in stability to hypoosmotic shock. Future direction for this type of research will be extended to human studies where kidney failure patients (dialysis patients) can have both the age of the RBC and their fragility determined under therapy.
The erythrocyte hemolysis peroxide test (HPT) was also performed on rat blood samples from Trial IV and on five human blood samples, in order to determine hemolysis in the RBC. A 2% H2O2 solution was used to determine RBC stability and %Hemolysis was calculated by dividing the value for hemolysis due to H2O2 by the 100% hemolysis value and multiplying by 100. Analysis of the %Hemolysis by HPT for each animal sample also showed no significant difference between the three subgroups of animals. Future direction for this type of research will be extended to include all four trials of animals as well as human studies involving patients with kidney failure (dialysis patients).
Books on the topic "Red blood cell (RBC)"
1
Bjorn, Neu, and Meiselman Herbert J, eds. Red blood cell aggregation. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2012.
Find full text
2
Magnani, Mauro, and Antonio De Flora, eds. Red Blood Cell Aging. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5985-2.
Full text
3
Hemoglobin-based red cell substitutes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Find full text
4
Schonewille, Henk. Red blood cell alloimmunization after blood transfusion. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2008.
Find full text
6
Klein, Lori. Perioperative red cell transfusion: January 1985 through May 1988 : 803 citations. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section, 1988.
Find full text
7
Tsuyoshi, Ohnishi S., and Ohnishi Tomoko, eds. Membrane abnormalities in sickle cell disease and in other red blood cell disorders. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1994.
Find full text
8
Edwards-Moulds, JoAnn. Standards for molecular testing for red cell, platelet, and neutrophil antigens. Bethesda, Md: AABB, 2008.
Find full text
9
1949-, Agre Peter, and Cartron Jean Pierre, eds. Protein blood group antigens of the human red cell: Structure, function, and clinical significance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Find full text
10
1930-, Brewer George J., ed. The red cell: Seventh Ann Arbor Conference : proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Red Cell Metabolism and Function, held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, October 25-27, 1988. New York: A.R. Liss, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Red blood cell (RBC)"
1
Flora, Antonio. "Use of Red Blood Cells (RBC) as Carriers of Bioactive Compounds." In Uses of Immobilized Biological Compounds, 23–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1932-0_3.
Full text
2
Winkler, Anne M. "Red Blood Cell Transfusion." In Trauma Induced Coagulopathy, 335–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53606-0_20.
Full text
3
Caroline, Kisielewicz. "Red Blood Cell Products." In Manual of Veterinary Transfusion Medicine and Blood Banking, 27–42. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118933053.ch3.
Full text
4
West, F. Bernadette, Marguerite R. Kelher, and Christopher C. Silliman. "Red Blood Cell Transfusion." In Trauma Induced Coagulopathy, 301–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28308-1_19.
Full text
5
Morrison, John C. "Red Blood Cell Disorders." In Principles of Medical Therapy in Pregnancy, 1177. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2415-7_177.
Full text
6
Toy, Pearl T. C. Y. "Autogeneic and Directed Blood Transfusions." In Red Cell Transfusion, 149–59. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1798-5_10.
Full text
7
Ghosh, S. "Blood Products: Red Cell Preparations." In Handbook of Blood and Blood Products, 7–14. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19289-2_2.
Full text
8
Delaunay, Jean. "Red Cell Membrane." In Molecular Basis of Human Blood Group Antigens, 1–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9537-0_1.
Full text
9
Blantz, Roland C., Andrew P. Evan, and Francis B. Gabbai. "Red Cell Substitutes in the Kidney." In Blood Substitutes, 132–42. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2576-8_9.
Full text
10
"Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count." In Clinical Veterinary Advisor, 643–46. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-3969-3.00373-5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Red blood cell (RBC)"
1
van der Burgt, René C. H., Patrick D. Anderson, and Frans N. van de Vosse. "Probing Red Blood Cell Dynamics." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80255.
Full textAbstract:
Because of the high volume contents of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood, mechanics of a single RBC plays a large role in the rheological description of blood. Moreover, RBC dynamics drive plasma mixing and lateral transport of its components, which are both involved in blood coagulation. Therefore, a characterization of the dynamical parameters of RBCs under different flow conditions is needed. Experimental methods, like pipette aspiration or optical trapping, seem to be unable to accurately capture RBC dynamics, due to contact of a solid with the cell membrane. Especially at larger deformations, a proper analysis is more complex due to this cell-solid interaction and the introduction of extra friction forces. In addition, not local but whole cell quantities are measured.
2
AlMomani, T. D., S. C. Vigmostad, H. S. Udaykumar, and K. B. Chandran. "Modeling of Red Blood Cell Dynamics Using Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) Technique." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19039.
Full textAbstract:
Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes are biconcave disks with diameter of 8μm and thickness of 2 μm. RBC can be considered as a nucleus free deformable capsule enclosed by a flexible membrane and consisting of an incompressible viscous fluid [8, 9]. The deformation of RBCs is thought to play a major role in both RBC dynamics and functionality. Previous studies have indicated that two important characteristics related to deformation of the RBC [1]: i) the interior of the RBC is a liquid state that surrounded by an elastic membrane, ii) the biconcave shape of the RBC enables it to deform into a wide varieties of shapes without inducing any stresses in the cell membrane.
3
Ahmadian, M. T., K. Firoozbakhsh, and M. Hasanian. "Simulation of Red Blood Cell Mechanical Behavior in Optical Tweezers Experiment Based on a Particle Method." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38164.
Full textAbstract:
Optical tweezers provide an accurate measurement technique for evaluating mechanical properties of the living cells and many experimental studies have been done to understand the behavior of cells due to external forces. Numerical studies such as finite element methods have been used in order to simulate mechanical behavior of the Red Blood Cells (RBCs). Recent studies have shown that the particle methods are useful tools to simulate the mechanical behavior of living cells. Since in microscopic scales, using discrete models are preferred than continuum methods, a particle-based method is used to simulate the deformation of RBC which is stretched by optical tweezers. The cytoplasm of RBC is modeled as a fluid and cell membrane is replaced by a set of discrete particles connected by springs. The results are comparable with previous observations of RBC optical tweezers experiments. It was observed that RBC viscoelastic characteristics are mainly associated with the cytoplasm fluidic properties. In order to understand the behavior and function of living red blood cells, this significant developed model could be implemented to RBC interaction within micocapillaries and constricted zones in blood flow.
4
Kumar, Anurag, Toru Yamada, and Mohammad Faghri. "Multi-Scale Particle Simulation of Red Blood Cell in Microcirculation." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31080.
Full textAbstract:
The complex rheology of red blood cell (RBC) in microcirculation has been a topic of interest for many decades. As RBC is highly deformable, shape change affects the microcirculation and such effect should be accounted accurately to understand the rheology of blood flow. A particle based model is developed to construct the red blood cell (RBC) based on the minimum energy principle. A bead-spring network is utilized to represent the cross-sectional plane of RBC membrane. The total energy of the RBC is associated with spring stretch/compression, bending and constraint of fixed area. Shape optimization of swollen RBC due to continuous deflation is performed. A bi-concave RBC shape is accurately achieved when the circular shape is deflated to 65%. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), a coarse-grained Mesoscopic particle simulation is used to simulate the flow. RBC in its equilibrium shape is placed inside a microchannel of height 10 μm to study the deformation of the cell under shear. Force exerted on RBC particles by plasma particles were determined and solved as the external force in the DPD equation to calculate the position and velocity of each particle. As the simulation started, the RBC experienced the shear and drag force by surrounding plasma and evolved to the characteristic parachute type shape as observed in experiments. Once the RBC reached the steady deformation, it continued with the same shape and stayed in the center of the channel. It is observed that the parachute shape and its motion along the centerline of the flow help reducing the drag and subsequently achieving the state of minimum energy. Formulation and results were validated against the experimental and computational results reported in the literature.
5
Wang, Gou-Jen, Guo-Yang Chen, and Yan-Cheng Lin. "A Lab-on-a-Chip Capillary Network for Red Blood Cell Diagnosis." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87299.
Full textAbstract:
The main function of red blood cells (RBCs) is to circulate oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the human body. Accurate modeling of the transportation mechanism of RBCs inside microvessels will lead to better clinical diagnosis and prophylaxis of blood disease. This study combined hydrodynamics and basic circuit theory to produce a model and calculate the fluid mechanisms of the circulation of blood cells inside microvessels. The variations of physical properties inside the microvessels due to clogging by RBCs were analyzed. A lab-on-a-chip for RBC diagnosis was fabricated using soft lithography. Real experiments were conducted to verify the theoretical analysis and illustrate the capability of the device which was able to detect pathological changes in RBC deformability. The proposed device could be a convenient tool in the field of blood rheology and clinical applications.
6
Santos, M. T., J. Aznar, J. Valles, and J. L. Perez-Reguejo. "ASPIRIN MODIFIES RED BLOOD CELL BEHAVIOUR (RBC) IN THE PLATELET-RBC INTERACTION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644821.
Full textAbstract:
RBC stimulate the initial stages of platelet activation by collagen as evaluated by the BASIC wave (Perez-Requejo et al. Thromb Haemostas 54:799 1985). In order to get some insight into the mechanisms of platelet-RBC interactions, a BASIC wave was induced by lug/ml of collagen after mixing "in vitro" platelets and RBC obtained both before and two hours after a single dose of 500 mg of ASA from normal subjects. The TXB2 formed was also evaluated. The results show (Table) that non aspirinized RBC (non-ASA-RBC) increase the BASIC wave intensity of aspirinized platelets (ASA-PRP) by a cyclooxygenase-independent pathway since no increase in TXB2 was observed (Exp 1), while both non-ASA-RBC (Exp 2) and ASA-RBC (Exp 3) activate non-ASA platelets with theparticipation of the cyclooxygenase system, since an increase in TXA2 was found.A comparison of the effect of non-ASA-RBC (Exp 1) and ASA-RBC (Exp 4) on aspirinized platelets shows that ASA modifies the RBC behaviour associated with estimulation of platelets by a cyclooxygenase-independent pathway. This effect of ASA on RBC is nottransient and lasts at least 48 hours after ASA ingestion. In addition, when asmall proportion of nonASA platelets (10%) is mixed with aspirinized platelets(90%) and ASA-RBC - a situation that can be encountered "in vivo" inthe hours following ASA ingestion - the intensity of the BASIC wave is 89% of that obtained when all the platelets are non aspirinized. This RBC effect on the mixtureof ASA and nonASA platelets, may help explain the sometimes contradictory effect of ASA as an antithrombotic agent.
7
Milbocker, Michael T., Gilbert T. Feke, Yakov Reznichenko, Douglas G. Goger, and Hironobu Ogasawara. "Real-Time Measurement of the Red Blood Cell Column Width of Retinal Vessels." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1991.tub1.
Full textAbstract:
The diameter of the red blood cell column (RBCC) in retinal vessels is a useful measure of retinal vascular response to physiological perturbations and pathological conditions. A modular instrument capable of measuring the RBCC of retinal vessels in realtime can be coupled with simultaneous measurement of mean RBC speed to obtain an instantaneous measure of blood flow. An instrument which provides a real-time and continuous measure of RBC speed such as the stabilized laser Doppler Velocimeter is uniquely suited to this application. In practice the diameter of the RBCC is generally based on a measure of the width of the retinal vessel image on fundus photographs or fluorescein angiograms. An article by Delori et al3 describes and evaluates different methods which have been used to determine the width of the RBCC image.
8
Tatsumi, Kazuya, Ryo Kuroki, Kosuke Nishitani, Tomoki Arakawa, and Kazuyoshi Nakabe. "Numerical Modeling of Red Blood Cell Suspended in a Channel With Uniform Magnetic Field." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-36032.
Full textAbstract:
Numerical simulations were carried out for the red blood cell (RBC) suspended in a stationary fluid. Elastic spring model were used to calculate the RBC membrane, and finite volume method was used to solve the flow field. The magnetic effect on the RBC was model by considering the anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility of the phospholipids and transmembrane protein. The torque produced by these components at each element edge of the mesh generated on the cell surface was first calculated, and then the force applied to each node was evaluated. Experimental measurement of the RBC behavior in microchannels was also carried out under uniform magnetic field with the intensity of 8T using microscope and high-speed video camera to validate the present computation. The numerical simulation showed that the RBC rotates and orients so that the concave surface aligned parallel to the magnetic field. This behavior and the time that was required for the RBC to fully orient agreed well with the present experimental results. These results affirm not only the validity of the present method, but also the possibility of using microchannels to evaluate the magnetic characteristics of the RBCs.
9
Maciaszek, J. L., B. Andemariam, and G. Lykotrafitis. "Red Blood Cell Surface Receptor Expression of BCAM/Lu is Regulated by Protein Kinase A Activity." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14311.
Full textAbstract:
Irregular sickle red blood cells (RBCs) can contribute to the pathogenesis of vasoocclusion and other complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) via abnormal adherence to the vascular endothelium. It has previously been demonstrated that epinephrine enhances SCD RBC adhesion by activating the BCAM/Lu and ICAM-4 surface receptors [1–2]. Epinephrine acts on the RBC β2-adrenergic receptor, thereby activating Gas proteins that stimulate adenylyl cyclase (AC). This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), leading to protein kinase A (PKA) activation, an intermediate step in the upregulation of BCAM/Lu and ICAM-4 mediated adhesion. The interaction of BCAM/Lu with the α5 chain of laminin may contribute to vaso-occlusive events in SCD due to overexpression of BCAM on SCD RBCs.
10
Yamada, Toru, Anurag Kumar, Yutaka Asako, and Mohammad Faghri. "Three Dimensional Simulation of Dynamics and Deformation of Red Blood Cells in Capillary Flow." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39140.
Full textAbstract:
A three-dimensional computational model using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is developed to simulate dynamics and deformation of red cells (RBC) in capillaries. DPD is able to produce correct hydrodynamics of the flow and incorporate microscopic detail of various segments of the cell. RBC is constructed using DPD particles, which are connected by a spring network to represent the membrane. The total energy of the RBC is associated with the bending energy, in-plane shear energy and the constraints of fixed area and volume. Shape optimization of swollen RBC due to continuous deflation based on the minimum energy principle is conducted to obtain the biconcave shape in equilibrium. Then, an external force is applied to the cell to study the large deformation in axial and lateral direction and compared with the experimental results. Also, RBC is placed inside a 10 μm capillary flow to study the dynamics and deformation of the cell. The cell undergoes steady deformation and acquires parachute type shape as observed in experiments.
Reports on the topic "Red blood cell (RBC)"
1
Lippert, Lloyd E. Red Blood Cell Storage Laboratory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398358.
Full text
2
Lippert, Lloyd E. WRAIR GOCO Red Blood Cell Storage Lab. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408119.
Full text
3
Angelov, Borislav. On the Geometry of Red Blood Cell. GIQ, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/giq-1-2000-27-46.
Full text
4
Spiegel, Yitzhak, Michael McClure, Itzhak Kahane, and B. M. Zuckerman. Characterization of the Phytophagous Nematode Surface Coat to Provide New Strategies for Biocontrol. United States Department of Agriculture, November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613015.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Chemical composition and biological role of the surface coat (SC) of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are described. SC proteins of M. incognita race 3 infective juveniles (J2) were characterized by electrophoresis and western blotting of extracts from radioiodine and biotin-labelled nematodes. J2 labelled with radioiodine and biotin released 125I and biotin-labelled molecules into water after 20 hours incubation, indicating that SC proteins may be loosely attached to the nematode. Antiserum to the principal protein reacted with the surface of live J2 and with surface proteins previously separated by electrophoresis. Human red blood cells (HRBC) adhered to J2 of several tylenchid nematodes over the entire nematode body. HRBC adhered also to nylon fibers coated with SC extracted from M. javanica J2; binding was Ca++/Mg++ dependent, and decreased when the nylon fibers were coated with bovine serum albumin, or pre-incubated with fucose and mannose. These experiments support a working hypothesis that RBC adhesion involves carbohydrate moieties of HRBC and carbohydrate-recognition domain(s) (CRD) distributed on the nematode surface. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a surface CRD i the phylum Nematoda. Gold-conjugated lectins and neoglycoproteins combined with silver enhancement have been used for the detection of carbohydrates and CRD, respectively, on the SC of M. javanica J2. Biotin reagents were used to trace surface proteins, specifically, on live J2. The labile and transitory nature of the SC was demonstrated by the dynamics of HRBC adherence to detergent-treated J2, J2 at different ages or fresh-hatched J2 held at various temperatures. SC recovery was demonstrated also by a SDS-PAGE profile. Monoclonal antibodies developed to a cuticular protein of M. incognita J2 gave a slight, but significant reduction in attachment of Pasteuria penetrans spores. Spore attachment as affected by several enzymes was inconsistent: alcian blue, which specifically blocks sulfyl groups, had no afffect on spore attachment. Treatment with cationized ferritin alone or catonized ferritin following monoclonal antibody caused significant decreases in spore attachment. Those results suggest a role in attachment by negatively charged groups.
5
Lippert, Lloyd. Services to Operate a Red Blood Cell Storage Laboratory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370168.
Full text
6
Cornum, Rhonda L. Blood Amplification: Use of Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Treated Red Blood Cell Transfusions in the Dog (Canis familiaris). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada306015.
Full text
7
Bitensky, M., and Tatsuro Yoshida. Safe extension of red blood cell storage life at 4{degree}C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/212495.
Full text
8
Fisher, Jay B., Richard C. Dennis, C. R. Valeri, Jonathan Woodson, and Jeanne E. Doyle. Effect of Graft Material on Red Blood Cell Loss Following Aortic Surgery. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada360187.
Full text
9
Banks, H. T., Karen M. Bliss, and Hien Tran. Modeling Red Blood Cell and Iron Dynamics in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada556965.
Full text
10
Lippert, Lloyd. Services to Operate a Hemoglobin Production Facility and a Red Blood Cell Storage Laboratory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384261.
Full text