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Journal articles on the topic "Red-eared sliders as pets"
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Hadžimusić, Nejra, Dunja Rukavina, Vedad Škapur, and Lejla Velić. "Effects of storage duration on haematological parameters of the red eared slider - Trachemys Scripta Elegans." Veterinarska stanica 51, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.6.3.
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Reptiles, especially turtles, are becoming increasingly popular as pets. The haematological evaluation of turtles is an irreplaceable diagnostic tool in veterinary practice. However, the morphologic distinctiveness of turtle blood limits the use of electronic cell-counting devices, making time-consuming, manual counting techniques and evaluation of blood smears necessary. Many samples are dispatched to a laboratory over long distances, where a delay of 24 h or more may occur. At weekends, this interval may exceed 48 h. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of storage duration at refrigerator temperature (4 °C) on the counts of red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC), and on the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and packed cell volume (PCV) in blood samples from healthy adult red-eared sliders. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from the occipital venous sinus from six apparently healthy adult red-eared sliders, aged 2 to 4 years. Blood samples were analysed immediately after sampling to obtain the baseline value (BV) of the red blood cell count, white blood cell count and packed cell volume percentage. Blood was stored at 4 °C and the haematological analyses were performed after 24h, 48h and 72h. The results showed the same level of stability for RBC and WBC count, and MCV values during 72 hours of storage at 4 °C and for PCV during 48 hours. Handling of blood samples, and duration of storage of the blood samples can significantly influence the results/values of haematological tests. Consequently, the obtained values of the determined haematological parameters of improperly stored or handled blood samples can give a misleading interpretation of the results on the animal’s health status.
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Goh, Ter Yang, and Ruth M. O'Riordan. "Are tortoises and freshwater turtles still traded illegally as pets in Singapore?" Oryx 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060530700155x.
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The red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans is currently the only reptile species that can be legally sold as a pet in Singapore. We report on the species of tortoises and freshwater turtles that were found for sale during a survey of 27 pet shops in 2004. Although the red-eared slider was the most common species for sale, small numbers of 11 other species were available. Of these, the import of one species (the Chinese soft-shell turtle Pelodiscus sinensis) is allowed for food but import of the other 10 species is not permitted for either food or the pet trade. We found that illegally held chelonians are often not kept on the pet shop premises. Our findings suggest that the Singaporean authorities' efforts to address illegal wildlife trade have to include other methods in addition to conducting raids on shop premises.
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Girondot, Marc, Chloé Archinard, Anne-Caroline Prévot-Julliard, Antoine Cadi, and Emeline Gousset. "Pets and invasion risks: is the Slider turtle strictly carnivorous?" Amphibia-Reptilia 28, no. 1 (2007): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853807779799036.
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AbstractAccording to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), invasive species are one of the most important causes of biodiversity decline at a global scale. The impact of introduced species on local ecosystems is thus important to evaluate. Pet voluntary introductions are made by private people and usually concern only one or two individuals per occasion. However, the number of release occasions is as numerous as the number of pet owners that don't want to keep their pet anymore and then decide to "release" it. Hatchling red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) have been massively exported from the United States to European (until 1997) and Asian countries to be sold as pets. Many owners, ignoring the potential consequences of their act, have released their grown up turtle in natural freshwater ecosystems. As a consequence, feral adult turtles have been detected all over France. In this paper, we provide information that contradicts public opinion that introduced slider turtle is strictly carnivorous. By analysing the diet of feral adult turtles, we found that adult slider turtles are omnivorous, as in their natural areas.
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Demkowska-Kutrzepa, Marta, Maria Studzińska, Monika Roczeń-Karczmarz, Krzysztof Tomczuk, Zahrai Abbas, and Paweł Różański. "A review of the helminths co-introduced with Trachemys scripta elegans – a threat to European native turtle health." Amphibia-Reptilia 39, no. 2 (2018): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-17000159.
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Abstract In the 20th century large numbers of exotic turtles Trachemys scripta elegans have been imported into Europe as pets and this has led to frequent introductions into many freshwater ecosystems. Nowadays, established populations of red-eared slider, coexist and compete with the native in Europe species of turtles in the wild. Invasive turtles are a threat to indigenous species because of carriage of many parasites, which are often considered to cause disease emergence and produce high mortality in native hosts. Helminths are the most prominent group introduced with T. s. elegans and due to their host-switching ability have become important co-invaders, a potential threat to indigenous turtle health. The aim of this review was to assess the risks of the transfer of helminths co-introduced with T. s. elegans to native species of European turtles.
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Gradela, Adriana, Thamyris Oliveira Carneiro Santiago, Isabelle Caroline Pires, Alequisandra De Castro Souza Silva, Leniker Cordeiro de Souza, Marcelo Domingues de Faria, Joaquim Pereira Neto, and Liliane Milanelo. "Sexual Dimorphism in Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) from the Wild Animal Triage Center of the Tiete Ecological Park, São Paulo, Brazil." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45, no. 1 (August 23, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80442.
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Background: Trachemys scripta elegans is an aquatic turtle native to North America and distributed geographically from the eastern United States to northeastern Mexico. In Brazil, it is an exotic and invasive species and the most illegally traded pet animal. When these turtles grow and they cease to be attractive as pets, they are released clandestinely in lakes, ponds, rivers, and other bodies of water, where they threaten biodiversity and native populations. The present study aimed to characterize specimens of T. s. elegans from the Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do Parque Ecológico do Tiete by analyzing body biometrics, sexual dimorphism, and structure of specimens for sex ratio and size classes.Materials, Methods & Results: Trachemys scripta elegans turtles (39 females and 30 males) were anesthetized, euthanized and frozen. After being thawed, the turtles were sexed according to measurements on secondary sex characters such as claw length (CWL) of the third finger of the right forearm and length of the tail from the tip to the beginning of the cloacal opening (postcloacal tail length, PTL); subsequently, sex was confirmed through dissection. Subsequently, body mass (BM, g) and maximum carapace length (MCL, cm), maximum carapace width (MCW, cm), maximum plastron length (MPL, cm), maximum plastron width (MPW) and shell height (HGT, cm, measured laterally until obtaining the greatest value) were evaluated and the sexual dimorphism index (SDI) was also calculated. All analyses were performed using SAS v. 9.4 software. The results indicate a sex ratio of 1.3 females per male. The identification of males by secondary sex characteristics was performed using only claw length (CWL), which was related to sex and not to maximum carapace length (MCL). The most discriminatory variables were CWL in males and body mass (BM) in females. With the exception of CWL, the sexual dimorphism index (SDI) values all favored females and varied from 1.21 to 2.49, with the greatest value for BM and the lowest value for postcloacal tail length (PTL). Males exhibited a unimodal tendency at a classification interval of 15.0 cm MCL, and females exhibited a bimodal tendency at 21.0- and 22.0 cm MCL. Sexual maturity was identified at 12.0 cm MCL in males and at 12.5 cm MCL in females. The rate of CWL growth in males was higher at the beginning of sexual maturity and subsequently decreased, whereas in females, the rate of CWL escalated after 19.0 cm MCL. In both sexes, principal component 1 (PC1) was composed of the variables related to size and BM, and principal component 2 (PC2) and principal component 3 (PC3) were composed of variables related to secondary sex characteristics (CWL and PTL).Discussion: In members of the genus Trachemys, several secondary sex characteristics can be used to differentiate between the sexes, however, in the present study, recognition of males was performed only by claw length, as it was confirmed by the discriminate analysis and the principal components analysis (PCA) which showed that CWL was the variable that was most discriminatory in males (approximately 76.0%), followed by BM (approximately 50%) in females. The results reinforcing the claim that the degree of development of secondary sex characteristics varies between species as well as between distinct populations of the same species and establish that even under unnatural habitat, sexual dimorphism of size in favor of females is maintained for variables related to mass and size.
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Valdez, Jose W. "Using Google Trends to Determine Current, Past, and Future Trends in the Reptile Pet Trade." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030676.
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Reptiles are one of the most popular exotic pets in the world, with over a third of all described species currently being traded. However, the most commonly available reptiles are typically non-threatened, captive-bred, and/or domestically obtained, which means they are also largely unregulated and unmonitored, resulting in a large portion of the reptile pet trade remaining unknown. In this study, the past, current, and future trends of the most popular reptiles in the pet trade were examined. Google Trends was used to determine the global popularity of the most popular pets from 2004 to 2020 and compared to the results from an online survey sent to individuals involved in the reptile trade. The most popular pets from the previous five years were also compared globally across regions and countries. The results determined that the most popular reptile species during the last decade is by far bearded dragons, followed by ball pythons and leopard geckos. Although the survey results were similar when asked what the top reptiles were, most respondents named ball pythons as the most popular reptile. However, when asked what reptiles had lost the most popularity during the previous decade, the survey respondents named green iguanas, Burmese pythons, chameleons, red-eared sliders, and green anoles, concurring with what was found with Google Trends. The reptiles thought to be more popular in the upcoming decade by the survey participants were blue-tongued skinks, tegus, uromastyx, crested geckos, and ball pythons—most of which did indeed show an increase in popularity during the last decade, as indicated with Google Trends. The results from Google Trends demonstrated that ball pythons and crested geckos have increased their popularity more than any other reptile in the last two decades. Reptile popularity also differed between countries, with bearded dragons the most popular reptile in Australia, Western Europe, the U.S., and Canada. Leopard geckos were the most popular reptile in Italy and Turkey, and ball pythons were the reptile of choice in Mexico, Indonesia, and India. The general finding of this study is that the reptiles declining in popularity were mostly wild-caught or restricted due to regulations, while current and future species were captive-bred and available in many varieties or morphs. The most popular species were also docile, medium-sized, and easy to handle, with relatively simple care requirements. This study demonstrates that Google Trends can be a useful tool for determining relative popularity among reptiles, or any other pet group, with results closely mirroring those obtained through direct surveying of people involved in the pet trade. However, unlike surveys, this analysis is quick, quantifiable, and can show what is popular and in-demand not only at the global level but at much finer scales. Thus, Google Trends can be a valuable tool in many research applications, especially in topics that may otherwise be difficult to monitor and quantify.
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Mitchell, Aimee, Vanessa Kilburn, Rebecca Seifert, and Deanna MacTavish. "Evidence of successful hatching by introduced Red-eared Slider (<i>Trachemys scripta elegans</i>) in British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 136, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v136i2.2653.
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Globally, competition and disease from introduced Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) is a threat to co-existing native turtles. Red-eared Slider has been introduced throughout south coastal British Columbia (BC), mainly as pet turtle releases. Urban centres receive the most individuals, particularly in the Lower Mainland area outlying Vancouver, on southern Vancouver Island, and on the Sunshine Coast. The range of Red-eared Sliders in BC overlaps that of the Threatened Pacific Coast population of Western Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii). Herein we report on a survey for both species, noting presence, assessed population sizes, and nesting activity. Across 19 sites in the south coast occupied by both turtle species, we found the median abundance of Red-eared Sliders to be 2.5 times larger than that of Western Painted Turtles (Mann–Whitney U = 104, n1 = n2 = 19, Z-Score = −2.2188, P = 0.02642, two-tailed). There had been no evidence of Red-eared Sliders successfully hatching in the wild in BC until our study. We observed complete development, with 19 neonates from three different nesting sites between 2015 and 2017. Thus, Red-eared Slider is indeed established and able to breed in BC and thus competition and disease introduction from the species likely contributes to the decline of the Pacific Coast population of Western Painted Turtle, particularly at sites with low painted turtle numbers. The scale and mechanisms of impact requires further investigation.
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Hidalgo-Vila, Judit, Albert Martínez-Silvestre, Natividad Pérez-Santigosa, Luis León-Vizcaíno, and Carmen Díaz-Paniagua. "High prevalence of diseases in two invasive populations of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in southwestern Spain." Amphibia-Reptilia 41, no. 4 (June 9, 2020): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10021.
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Abstract Non-native turtles are susceptible to pathogenic infections that may be transmitted to native species. We performed hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and microbiological analyses in two invasive populations of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans), which were living alongside native turtle species in southwestern Spain. The red-eared sliders that were captured had a healthy external appearance. However, the histopathological analyses revealed that up to 88% of these turtles had internal pathologies. The most common were hepatic lipidosis and chronic nephritis, which frequently co-occurred with each other or with pulmonary or pancreatic lesions. A high proportion of turtles were susceptible to infections caused by common bacteria in these habitats. We detected Herpesvirus, Mycoplasma spp. and more than 18 Gram-negative bacteria. The high prevalence of disease recorded in the two populations suggests that red-eared sliders are poorly suited to the conditions in their non-native range.
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Kakuda, Aozora, Hideyuki Doi, Rio Souma, Mariko Nagano, Toshifumi Minamoto, and Izumi Katano. "Environmental DNA detection and quantification of invasive red-eared sliders, Trachemy scripta elegans, in ponds and the influence of water quality." PeerJ 7 (December 6, 2019): e8155. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8155.
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a powerful tool for monitoring the distribution of aquatic macro-organisms. However, environmental factors, including the water temperature and water quality, can affect the inhibition and/or degradation of eDNA, which complicates accurate estimations of eDNA concentrations and the detection of the presence/absence of species in natural habitats. Further very few eDNA studies have been conducted for reptiles, especially with respect to estimating their biomass and/or abundances. Here we examined the relationship between the visually-observed number of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and eDNA concentrations across 100 ponds. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of water quality on red-eared slider eDNA concentration in these ponds. We found that there was a significant positive correlation between the observed number of red-eared sliders and the eDNA concentration in the ponds. On comparing various water quality indicators, including dissolved nitrogen, dissolved phosphorous, organic matter, and chlorophyll a (Chl. a), we found that only Chl. a had a negative correlation with the red-eared slider eDNA concentration, while we did not find any inhibition in the quantitative PCR. We conclude that concentrations of eDNA can potentially be used for estimating the abundance of the red-eared slider. Additionally, Chl. a might indirectly influence the degradation of eDNA through the microorganisms bonded to the phytoplankton in the ponds, as microbial activity is thought to decrease eDNA persistence.
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Holz, R. M., and P. Holz. "Electrocardiography in anaesthetised red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Research in Veterinary Science 58, no. 1 (January 1995): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(95)90091-8.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Red-eared sliders as pets"
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Gomez, Crisostomo Roberto. "Mitochondrial responses to anoxia exposure in red eared sliders (Trachemys scripta)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58267.
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The freshwater turtle, Trachemys scripta is considered one of the most anoxia-tolerant vertebrates because of its ability to survive months at cold temperatures in the complete absence of oxygen. When deprived oxygen, mitochondria from anoxia intolerant organisms become one of the largest cellular energy consumers because of the reverse functioning of the F₁F₀-ATPase (complex V), which hydrolyzes ATP to pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix, quickly depleting cellular ATP and leading to cellular death. T. scripta has previously shown to inhibit complex V in response to anoxia exposure, but the regulatory mechanism is still unknown. The goal of this thesis was to explore the mitochondrial response to anoxia in T. scripta. My first objective was to deduce the mechanism responsible for the severe downregulation of Complex V. In heart, brain, and liver tissue from anoxic exposed turtles, complex V activity was significantly reduced to more than 80% compared with normoxic controls. Employing a proteomics approach, I determined that three subunits of complex V (ATP5A1, ATP5F1, and MT-ATP5J), all associated with the peripheral stalk, decreased in protein expression in response to anoxia. Increasing assay buffer pH, in an attempt to strip Inhibitory Factor-1 (IF₁) from complex V did not increase enzyme activity of normoxic or anoxic exposed samples, but decreasing pH < 7.5 decreased activity and at pH 6.0 there was no significant difference in activity between normoxic-and anoxic-exposed samples. Stimulating endogenous phosphatases slightly reduced activity in normoxic samples but had no effect on anoxic samples. Nitric oxide did not have a significant effect on complex V activity as previously seen in mice. The second objective of this thesis was to characterize the changes in proteins involved in mitochondrial function during anoxia. Proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of numerous enzymes involved with the electron transport system (ETS), the tricarboxyl acid (TCA) cycle, as well as lipid and amino acid metabolism. Overall, results from this thesis demonstrate that mitochondria from turtles alter protein expression of numerous proteins in response to anoxia and that reduced complex V activity is likely related to decreases in the expression of specific complex V subunits.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Lee, Stella Yim Jung. "Measuring the oxidative cost of breathing : a comparison of methods using red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30611.
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There is a metabolic cost associated with the work required to overcome the elastic and resistive forces associated with breathing. These forces vary widely as a function of the anatomy of the lungs and body wall in different species. In turtles, the lungs are relatively compliant but the body wall with the carapace is very stiff. Studies designed to measure the cost of ventilation in turtles have proven to be difficult. Two different methods have been used to estimate costs and each method has produced a different result. In an attempt to resolve this controversy, the present study obtained data using three different methods in a single group of turtles; a data regression method, a unidirectional ventilation method (UDV), and a hybrid method combining data regression and unidirectional ventilation. All three methods produced highly variable results (individual variability, differences between use of hypoxia and hypercapnia, evidence of hypoxia and hypercapnia-induced metabolic suppression). Based on data plotted for individual animals versus groups of animals and using all data points versus mean values for different levels of inspired gases, oxidative costs were obtained ranging from -0.0005 to 0.022 ml O₂/ml air ventilated using the regression method, 0.014 ml O₂/ml air for the UDV method and 0.025 ml O₂/ml air for the hybrid method. Most values were high compared to a theoretical estimate of 0.0003 ml O₂/ml air obtained based on measurements of mechanical work of breathing and an assumed respiratory muscle efficiency of 10%. The experimental results from the two methods appeared to be different as a result of CO₂-induced metabolic rate suppression or the non-linearity of the oxygen uptake-ventilation relationship. However, assuming the theoretical estimate best represents the oxygen uptake-ventilation relationship and the true oxidative costs of ventilation, neither theory would fit. Instead, attributing the discrepancy in results to the differences in the breathing patterns and their irregularity provided the most logical explanation and resulted in the conclusion that the oxidative cost of ventilation in turtles to be similar to that of mammals.
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Hicks, Jason Matthew Tory. "The regulation of the cardiovascular system of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta) acclimated to either 5 or 22 degrees C under normoxic or anoxic conditions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24153.pdf.
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Reyes, Catalina. "Circadian and circannual rhythms in metabolism and ventilation in red-eared sliders (Pseudemys scripta)." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17749.
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Temperate reptiles are subjected to drastic daily and seasonal changes in their environment that strongly affect their metabolism. Therefore, reptiles inhabiting in northern latitudes require adaptations that allow them to survive extreme environmental changes. Endogenous biological rhythms such as circadian and circannual cycles are advantageous in allowing organisms to anticipate and prepare for periodic environmental changes. However, to be fully functional these rhythms must be entrained to changing environmental cues. I asked whether redeared sliders showed circadian and circannual rhythms in metabolism and ventilation, and whether daily oscillations varied across the seasons. Turtles were chronically exposed to either natural seasonal or constant indoor conditions. In addition, turtles were acutely placed under either seasonal or indoor conditions in order to determine the role of temperature and photoperiod in entraining the circadian and circannual rhythms. Daily cycles in metabolism and breathing pattern were measured over one year. I found evidence of endogenous circadian and circannual rhythms in metabolism and ventilation. Both thermocycles and photocycles were important zeitgebers and long-term exposure to these changing environmental cues was required for the rhythms to be expressed. Furthermore, I observed daily and seasonal changes in breathing pattern such that apneas were longer at night and in the winter. These results indicate that endogenous circadian and circannual rhythms entrained by seasonal changes in temperature and photoperiod prompt physiological adjustments in metabolism, ventilation and breathing pattern. These changes may reflect adaptations that prolong dive times and reduce surface intervals at night and in winter. This could serve to reduce the cost of transport, and risk of predation.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Wu, Wen-Ling, and 吳雯鈴. "Serial clinicopathologic and histopathologic assessments of acute kidney injury in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97302737012923180521.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
臨床動物醫學研究所
101
Renal disease is one of the most common problems in chelonian patients. So far, there isn’t any reliable index in clinical laboratory medicine to diagnose early renal injury in chelonian. As a result it was often too late to intervene when renal disease is diagnosed, with the patient end up dead. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find a way to detect renal injury earlier and effectively, to treat if necessary, to let the kidneys recover in early stage, and to decrease the mortality caused by renal diseases. In this study, acute kidney injury (AKI) in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta) was induced via injection of gentamicin, which would cause degeneration of proximal renal tubules. In order to find a way to early detect acute kidney injury and establish an AKI model in red-eared slides, serial monitoring of blood biochemistry and urine enzyme were performed, and comparison between them and renal histology was made. Results revealed that renal histopathology grading between control group and treatment group was significantly different, which proved that gentamicin could induce renal injury in the treatment group. Concentration of plasma AST, ALKP, CK and ALT were different significantly between different histopathologic grades (p < 0.05). Between the control group and treatment group, the statistic results revealed that plasma biochemistry indices and urine enzymes response earlier than complete cell count in renal injury. Moreover, before plasma uric acid was elevated, the rising trend of plasma AST, ALT, LDH, CK and urine AST and phosphorus could be observed. According to this study, as long as plasma concentration of AST, ALT, LDH and CK of patients are elevated simultaneously, even without the elevation of plasma uric acid, renal injury could still be considered as an underlying problem. And under such situation, treatment or improvement of husbandry should be implemented immediately. However, the sources of these blood enzymes are variable with high sensitivity but low specificity. It is very important to differentiate other visceral problems from renal disease. This study was a preliminary study of AKI in turtles, and the AKI model could be further used to investigate for more specific biomarkers. Hopefully by collecting more cases, the accuracy of the grading system used in this study can be confirmed to actually apply the system in practice.
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Lai, Hsiao-Han, and 賴曉涵. "Factors affecting the prognosis of fishhook removal by endoscopy in red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91926860749157772931.
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碩士國立中興大學
獸醫學系暨研究所
99
There are three objects of this study: to establish hematologic and biochemical reference values in red-eared sliders, hematologic and biochemical data analysis in hooked red-ear sliders, factors associated with successful retrieval fishhook by endoscopy or surgery. In hematologic and biochemical reference values establishment, eighteen normal red-eard sliders from artificial lakes in central region were used in this research. Blood samples were obtained from caudal venous sinus. 95% confidence interval was used for reference interval. Blood samples from sixteen hooked red-eared sliders from artificial lakes in central region were used for hematologic and biochemical analysis. Blood was taken before surgery, one day, and seven days after surgery. When the hematologic and biochemical data from hooked red-eared sliders before surgery to normal ones were compared, it showed significant elevations of lymphocyte ratio and γGT; reductions of white blood cell count, heterophil ratio, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and globulin. It suggested the existence of fishhook in red-eared sliders would cause reduction of immunity, chronic blood loss and fatty liver. Prognosis was not related to preoperative blood values. After endoscopic surgery, elevations of heterophils, AST, ALT, LDH, CK, γGT, BUN, creatinine and uric acid were observed in hooked red-eared sliders. These results indicated that endoscopic surgery can cause inflammation, stress and tissue damage. In the part of factors associated with successful retrieval fishhook by endoscopy or surgery, twenty-four hooked turtles were examined during the study period. Twenty-one of these were obtained from artificial lakes in central region. Three of these were found with a fishing line extended from the oral cavity and radiographs diagnosed fishhook ingested. Techniques used to remove fishhooks were classified as endoscopic removal and surgical removal. Duration of endoscopic retrieval of fishhook from either esophagus, cardia and stomach has no significant difference when compared to duration of surgical retrieval of fishhook from esophagus. In esophagus, cardia and stomach, whether a fishhook could be endoscopically successfully retrieved was not related to its length, width, orientation, barb, or length of fishing line. Surgical successful rate was also not related to the depth of fishhook. Endoscopic retrieval time and fishhook- related factors were not significantly related. Once the fishhooks are ingested by wild chelonian, we still suggest that the fishhook should be removed. Although the endoscopic successful rate and the duration of retrieval were not related to all fishhook-related factors, preoperative radiology examinations still provide the orientation and location of fishhooks, which helps to retrieve fishhooks by endoscopy. Endoscopic retrieval of foreign body is the first choice if the equipments are available. Fishhooks should not be forced removed by endoscopy when they are embedded deeply in the tissue, otherwise it may lead to death. Surgical removal is then recommended if endoscopic retrieval is unsuccessful. However, when fishhook located near cardia and surrounded by a lot of hard connective tissue, surgery is then not suitable for this kind of chelonian. The coexistence of chelonian and the fishhook would be suggested.
Books on the topic "Red-eared sliders as pets"
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Vosjoli, Philippe De. The general care and maintenance of red-eared sliders and other popular freshwater turtles. Lakeside, CA: Advanced Vivarium Systems, 1992.
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Vosjoli, Philippe De. Red-Eared Sliders (General Care and Maintenance of Series). Advanced Vivarium Systems, 1997.
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Vosjoli, Philippe De. Red-Eared Sliders: From the Experts at Advanced Vivarium Systems. i-5 Publishing LLC, 2012.
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Vosjoli, Philippe De. Red-Eared Sliders: From the Experts at Advanced Vivarium Systems. BowTie Press, 2002.
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Baker, Philip. Red Eared Slider Turtle: The Absolute Guide on Red Eared Slider Turtle As Pets, Care, Housing, Diet and Management. Independently Published, 2020.
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KYLE, Grayson. Red Eared Sliders Care Guides: The Ultimate Guide to Taking Care of Red Eared Sliders. Independently Published, 2021.
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CALDWELL, Mary. Red Eared Sliders Keeping Guide: Everything You Need to Know about Red Eared Slider Care, Feeding, Housing, Handling, Health Issues Etc. Independently Published, 2021.
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