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Journal articles on the topic 'Red-eared sliders as pets'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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1

Hadžimusić, Nejra, Dunja Rukavina, Vedad Škapur, and Lejla Velić. "Effects of storage duration on haematological parameters of the red eared slider - Trachemys Scripta Elegans." Veterinarska stanica 51, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.6.3.

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Reptiles, especially turtles, are becoming increasingly popular as pets. The haematological evaluation of turtles is an irreplaceable diagnostic tool in veterinary practice. However, the morphologic distinctiveness of turtle blood limits the use of electronic cell-counting devices, making time-consuming, manual counting techniques and evaluation of blood smears necessary. Many samples are dispatched to a laboratory over long distances, where a delay of 24 h or more may occur. At weekends, this interval may exceed 48 h. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of storage duration at refrigerator temperature (4 °C) on the counts of red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC), and on the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and packed cell volume (PCV) in blood samples from healthy adult red-eared sliders. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from the occipital venous sinus from six apparently healthy adult red-eared sliders, aged 2 to 4 years. Blood samples were analysed immediately after sampling to obtain the baseline value (BV) of the red blood cell count, white blood cell count and packed cell volume percentage. Blood was stored at 4 °C and the haematological analyses were performed after 24h, 48h and 72h. The results showed the same level of stability for RBC and WBC count, and MCV values during 72 hours of storage at 4 °C and for PCV during 48 hours. Handling of blood samples, and duration of storage of the blood samples can significantly influence the results/values of haematological tests. Consequently, the obtained values of the determined haematological parameters of improperly stored or handled blood samples can give a misleading interpretation of the results on the animal’s health status.

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2

Goh, Ter Yang, and Ruth M. O'Riordan. "Are tortoises and freshwater turtles still traded illegally as pets in Singapore?" Oryx 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060530700155x.

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The red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans is currently the only reptile species that can be legally sold as a pet in Singapore. We report on the species of tortoises and freshwater turtles that were found for sale during a survey of 27 pet shops in 2004. Although the red-eared slider was the most common species for sale, small numbers of 11 other species were available. Of these, the import of one species (the Chinese soft-shell turtle Pelodiscus sinensis) is allowed for food but import of the other 10 species is not permitted for either food or the pet trade. We found that illegally held chelonians are often not kept on the pet shop premises. Our findings suggest that the Singaporean authorities' efforts to address illegal wildlife trade have to include other methods in addition to conducting raids on shop premises.

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3

Girondot, Marc, Chloé Archinard, Anne-Caroline Prévot-Julliard, Antoine Cadi, and Emeline Gousset. "Pets and invasion risks: is the Slider turtle strictly carnivorous?" Amphibia-Reptilia 28, no. 1 (2007): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853807779799036.

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AbstractAccording to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), invasive species are one of the most important causes of biodiversity decline at a global scale. The impact of introduced species on local ecosystems is thus important to evaluate. Pet voluntary introductions are made by private people and usually concern only one or two individuals per occasion. However, the number of release occasions is as numerous as the number of pet owners that don't want to keep their pet anymore and then decide to "release" it. Hatchling red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) have been massively exported from the United States to European (until 1997) and Asian countries to be sold as pets. Many owners, ignoring the potential consequences of their act, have released their grown up turtle in natural freshwater ecosystems. As a consequence, feral adult turtles have been detected all over France. In this paper, we provide information that contradicts public opinion that introduced slider turtle is strictly carnivorous. By analysing the diet of feral adult turtles, we found that adult slider turtles are omnivorous, as in their natural areas.

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4

Demkowska-Kutrzepa, Marta, Maria Studzińska, Monika Roczeń-Karczmarz, Krzysztof Tomczuk, Zahrai Abbas, and Paweł Różański. "A review of the helminths co-introduced with Trachemys scripta elegans – a threat to European native turtle health." Amphibia-Reptilia 39, no. 2 (2018): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-17000159.

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Abstract In the 20th century large numbers of exotic turtles Trachemys scripta elegans have been imported into Europe as pets and this has led to frequent introductions into many freshwater ecosystems. Nowadays, established populations of red-eared slider, coexist and compete with the native in Europe species of turtles in the wild. Invasive turtles are a threat to indigenous species because of carriage of many parasites, which are often considered to cause disease emergence and produce high mortality in native hosts. Helminths are the most prominent group introduced with T. s. elegans and due to their host-switching ability have become important co-invaders, a potential threat to indigenous turtle health. The aim of this review was to assess the risks of the transfer of helminths co-introduced with T. s. elegans to native species of European turtles.

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5

Gradela, Adriana, Thamyris Oliveira Carneiro Santiago, Isabelle Caroline Pires, Alequisandra De Castro Souza Silva, Leniker Cordeiro de Souza, Marcelo Domingues de Faria, Joaquim Pereira Neto, and Liliane Milanelo. "Sexual Dimorphism in Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) from the Wild Animal Triage Center of the Tiete Ecological Park, São Paulo, Brazil." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45, no. 1 (August 23, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80442.

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Background: Trachemys scripta elegans is an aquatic turtle native to North America and distributed geographically from the eastern United States to northeastern Mexico. In Brazil, it is an exotic and invasive species and the most illegally traded pet animal. When these turtles grow and they cease to be attractive as pets, they are released clandestinely in lakes, ponds, rivers, and other bodies of water, where they threaten biodiversity and native populations. The present study aimed to characterize specimens of T. s. elegans from the Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do Parque Ecológico do Tiete by analyzing body biometrics, sexual dimorphism, and structure of specimens for sex ratio and size classes.Materials, Methods & Results: Trachemys scripta elegans turtles (39 females and 30 males) were anesthetized, euthanized and frozen. After being thawed, the turtles were sexed according to measurements on secondary sex characters such as claw length (CWL) of the third finger of the right forearm and length of the tail from the tip to the beginning of the cloacal opening (postcloacal tail length, PTL); subsequently, sex was confirmed through dissection. Subsequently, body mass (BM, g) and maximum carapace length (MCL, cm), maximum carapace width (MCW, cm), maximum plastron length (MPL, cm), maximum plastron width (MPW) and shell height (HGT, cm, measured laterally until obtaining the greatest value) were evaluated and the sexual dimorphism index (SDI) was also calculated. All analyses were performed using SAS v. 9.4 software. The results indicate a sex ratio of 1.3 females per male. The identification of males by secondary sex characteristics was performed using only claw length (CWL), which was related to sex and not to maximum carapace length (MCL). The most discriminatory variables were CWL in males and body mass (BM) in females. With the exception of CWL, the sexual dimorphism index (SDI) values all favored females and varied from 1.21 to 2.49, with the greatest value for BM and the lowest value for postcloacal tail length (PTL). Males exhibited a unimodal tendency at a classification interval of 15.0 cm MCL, and females exhibited a bimodal tendency at 21.0- and 22.0 cm MCL. Sexual maturity was identified at 12.0 cm MCL in males and at 12.5 cm MCL in females. The rate of CWL growth in males was higher at the beginning of sexual maturity and subsequently decreased, whereas in females, the rate of CWL escalated after 19.0 cm MCL. In both sexes, principal component 1 (PC1) was composed of the variables related to size and BM, and principal component 2 (PC2) and principal component 3 (PC3) were composed of variables related to secondary sex characteristics (CWL and PTL).Discussion: In members of the genus Trachemys, several secondary sex characteristics can be used to differentiate between the sexes, however, in the present study, recognition of males was performed only by claw length, as it was confirmed by the discriminate analysis and the principal components analysis (PCA) which showed that CWL was the variable that was most discriminatory in males (approximately 76.0%), followed by BM (approximately 50%) in females. The results reinforcing the claim that the degree of development of secondary sex characteristics varies between species as well as between distinct populations of the same species and establish that even under unnatural habitat, sexual dimorphism of size in favor of females is maintained for variables related to mass and size.

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6

Valdez, Jose W. "Using Google Trends to Determine Current, Past, and Future Trends in the Reptile Pet Trade." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030676.

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Reptiles are one of the most popular exotic pets in the world, with over a third of all described species currently being traded. However, the most commonly available reptiles are typically non-threatened, captive-bred, and/or domestically obtained, which means they are also largely unregulated and unmonitored, resulting in a large portion of the reptile pet trade remaining unknown. In this study, the past, current, and future trends of the most popular reptiles in the pet trade were examined. Google Trends was used to determine the global popularity of the most popular pets from 2004 to 2020 and compared to the results from an online survey sent to individuals involved in the reptile trade. The most popular pets from the previous five years were also compared globally across regions and countries. The results determined that the most popular reptile species during the last decade is by far bearded dragons, followed by ball pythons and leopard geckos. Although the survey results were similar when asked what the top reptiles were, most respondents named ball pythons as the most popular reptile. However, when asked what reptiles had lost the most popularity during the previous decade, the survey respondents named green iguanas, Burmese pythons, chameleons, red-eared sliders, and green anoles, concurring with what was found with Google Trends. The reptiles thought to be more popular in the upcoming decade by the survey participants were blue-tongued skinks, tegus, uromastyx, crested geckos, and ball pythons—most of which did indeed show an increase in popularity during the last decade, as indicated with Google Trends. The results from Google Trends demonstrated that ball pythons and crested geckos have increased their popularity more than any other reptile in the last two decades. Reptile popularity also differed between countries, with bearded dragons the most popular reptile in Australia, Western Europe, the U.S., and Canada. Leopard geckos were the most popular reptile in Italy and Turkey, and ball pythons were the reptile of choice in Mexico, Indonesia, and India. The general finding of this study is that the reptiles declining in popularity were mostly wild-caught or restricted due to regulations, while current and future species were captive-bred and available in many varieties or morphs. The most popular species were also docile, medium-sized, and easy to handle, with relatively simple care requirements. This study demonstrates that Google Trends can be a useful tool for determining relative popularity among reptiles, or any other pet group, with results closely mirroring those obtained through direct surveying of people involved in the pet trade. However, unlike surveys, this analysis is quick, quantifiable, and can show what is popular and in-demand not only at the global level but at much finer scales. Thus, Google Trends can be a valuable tool in many research applications, especially in topics that may otherwise be difficult to monitor and quantify.

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7

Mitchell, Aimee, Vanessa Kilburn, Rebecca Seifert, and Deanna MacTavish. "Evidence of successful hatching by introduced Red-eared Slider (<i>Trachemys scripta elegans</i>) in British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 136, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v136i2.2653.

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Globally, competition and disease from introduced Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) is a threat to co-existing native turtles. Red-eared Slider has been introduced throughout south coastal British Columbia (BC), mainly as pet turtle releases. Urban centres receive the most individuals, particularly in the Lower Mainland area outlying Vancouver, on southern Vancouver Island, and on the Sunshine Coast. The range of Red-eared Sliders in BC overlaps that of the Threatened Pacific Coast population of Western Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii). Herein we report on a survey for both species, noting presence, assessed population sizes, and nesting activity. Across 19 sites in the south coast occupied by both turtle species, we found the median abundance of Red-eared Sliders to be 2.5 times larger than that of Western Painted Turtles (Mann–Whitney U = 104, n1 = n2 = 19, Z-Score = −2.2188, P = 0.02642, two-tailed). There had been no evidence of Red-eared Sliders successfully hatching in the wild in BC until our study. We observed complete development, with 19 neonates from three different nesting sites between 2015 and 2017. Thus, Red-eared Slider is indeed established and able to breed in BC and thus competition and disease introduction from the species likely contributes to the decline of the Pacific Coast population of Western Painted Turtle, particularly at sites with low painted turtle numbers. The scale and mechanisms of impact requires further investigation.

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8

Hidalgo-Vila, Judit, Albert Martínez-Silvestre, Natividad Pérez-Santigosa, Luis León-Vizcaíno, and Carmen Díaz-Paniagua. "High prevalence of diseases in two invasive populations of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in southwestern Spain." Amphibia-Reptilia 41, no. 4 (June 9, 2020): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10021.

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Abstract Non-native turtles are susceptible to pathogenic infections that may be transmitted to native species. We performed hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and microbiological analyses in two invasive populations of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans), which were living alongside native turtle species in southwestern Spain. The red-eared sliders that were captured had a healthy external appearance. However, the histopathological analyses revealed that up to 88% of these turtles had internal pathologies. The most common were hepatic lipidosis and chronic nephritis, which frequently co-occurred with each other or with pulmonary or pancreatic lesions. A high proportion of turtles were susceptible to infections caused by common bacteria in these habitats. We detected Herpesvirus, Mycoplasma spp. and more than 18 Gram-negative bacteria. The high prevalence of disease recorded in the two populations suggests that red-eared sliders are poorly suited to the conditions in their non-native range.

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9

Kakuda, Aozora, Hideyuki Doi, Rio Souma, Mariko Nagano, Toshifumi Minamoto, and Izumi Katano. "Environmental DNA detection and quantification of invasive red-eared sliders, Trachemy scripta elegans, in ponds and the influence of water quality." PeerJ 7 (December 6, 2019): e8155. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8155.

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Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a powerful tool for monitoring the distribution of aquatic macro-organisms. However, environmental factors, including the water temperature and water quality, can affect the inhibition and/or degradation of eDNA, which complicates accurate estimations of eDNA concentrations and the detection of the presence/absence of species in natural habitats. Further very few eDNA studies have been conducted for reptiles, especially with respect to estimating their biomass and/or abundances. Here we examined the relationship between the visually-observed number of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and eDNA concentrations across 100 ponds. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of water quality on red-eared slider eDNA concentration in these ponds. We found that there was a significant positive correlation between the observed number of red-eared sliders and the eDNA concentration in the ponds. On comparing various water quality indicators, including dissolved nitrogen, dissolved phosphorous, organic matter, and chlorophyll a (Chl. a), we found that only Chl. a had a negative correlation with the red-eared slider eDNA concentration, while we did not find any inhibition in the quantitative PCR. We conclude that concentrations of eDNA can potentially be used for estimating the abundance of the red-eared slider. Additionally, Chl. a might indirectly influence the degradation of eDNA through the microorganisms bonded to the phytoplankton in the ponds, as microbial activity is thought to decrease eDNA persistence.

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10

Holz, R. M., and P. Holz. "Electrocardiography in anaesthetised red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Research in Veterinary Science 58, no. 1 (January 1995): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(95)90091-8.

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11

Brown, Donald J., Bei DeVolld, and Michael R. J. Forstner. "Escapes from Hoop Nets by Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta)." Southwestern Naturalist 56, no. 1 (March 2011): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/pas-26.1.

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12

Chiacchio, Rosely Gioia-Di, Gilberto Nogueira Penido Junior, Claudia Almeida Igayara de Souza, Fabiola Eloisa Setim Prioste, Miriam Siqueira Prado, Terezinha Knöbl, Marcia Cristina Menão, and Eliana Reiko Matushima. "ENTEROBACTERIAL COLONIZATION IN CAPTIVE RED-EARED SLIDERS (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 45, no. 4 (December 2014): 919–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2013-0188.1.

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13

García-Díaz, Pablo, David S. L. Ramsey, Andrew P. Woolnough, Marc Franch, Gustavo A. Llorente, Albert Montori, Xabier Buenetxea, et al. "Challenges in confirming eradication success of invasive red-eared sliders." Biological Invasions 19, no. 9 (June 16, 2017): 2739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1480-7.

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14

Gomez, Crisostomo R., and Jeffrey G. Richards. "Mitochondrial responses to anoxia exposure in red eared sliders (Trachemys scripta)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 224 (October 2018): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.01.005.

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15

Zimmerman, Laura M., Laura A. Vogel, Kevin A. Edwards, and Rachel M. Bowden. "Phagocytic B cells in a reptile." Biology Letters 6, no. 2 (October 21, 2009): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0692.

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Evidence for a developmental relationship between B cells and macrophages has led to the hypothesis that B cells evolved from a phagocytic predecessor. The recent identification of phagocytic IgM+ cells in fishes and amphibians supports this hypothesis, but raises the question of when, evolutionarily, was phagocytic capacity lost in B cells? To address this, leucocytes were isolated from red-eared sliders, Trachemys scripta , incubated with fluorescent beads and analysed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results indicate that red-eared slider B cells are able to ingest foreign particles and suggest that ectothermic vertebrates may use phagocytic B cells as part of a robust innate immune response.

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16

Li, Xue Bin, Xiao Ling Yu, Tie Gu Wang, Sheng Yan Su, Kun Zhao, and Xiao Jian Zhang. "Effect of Rare Earth La₂O₃ on Digestive System of the Red-Eared Slider." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.866.

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Numerous studies reported that mixtures of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) could produce quite sensational growth-promoting effects in all categories of farm animals; but many people thought that REEs could affect human healthy. Therefore, experiments were done to understand the effects of La2O3 on red-eared sliders. The results showed that lower dose of La2O3 could probably improve the metabolism of Red-eared Slide turtle, and the higher dose of La2O3 could probably cause pathologic reaction. Lanthanum trichloride (La) could cause the Histological changes in tortoise livers. A very lower dosage of La2O3 could damage the livers of red-eared slides obviously though diversity pathway. The wild animal should be protected from harm in the RE diggings. If the RE is used or must be used as an additives in animal foods, an appropriate dose of RE was necessary, and the safety evaluation should be done.

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17

Došenović, Milan, Milena Radaković, Miloš Vučićević, Branislav Vejnović, Maja Vasiljević, Darko Marinković, and Zoran Stanimirović. "Evaluation of the effects of two anaesthetic protocols on oxidative status and DNA damage in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) undergoing endoscopic coeliotomy." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 68, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2020.00058.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess how red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) respond to anaesthesia itself and coelioscopy. For that purpose, the turtles were anaesthetised with ketamine–medetomidine or propofol, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry. The possible genotoxic effects of the anaesthetic agents were estimated by comet assay. A total of 24 turtles were included in this study. The animals were divided into four groups according to the anaesthetic protocol and according to whether endoscopy would be performed. Significantly decreased activities of CAT were found only in the propofol group and in turtles undergoing coelioscopy. Both anaesthetic protocols induced significantly increased MDA levels, while no differences were observed after the intervention. A significant increase in GST activity was detected in turtles after both anaesthetic protocols, but after coelioscopy significant changes in GST activity were found only in the propofol group. However, no differences in SOD activity and no DNA damages were detected in either group. These findings suggest that ketamine–medetomidine may be more suitable anaesthetic agents in red-eared sliders than propofol.

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18

Paitz, Ryan T., Sandrine G. Clairardin, Amelia C. Gould, Justin W. Hicke, Laura M. Zimmerman, and Rachel M. Bowden. "Corticosterone Levels during the Nesting Process in Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta)." Journal of Herpetology 48, no. 4 (December 2014): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/13-040.

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19

Ziolo, Mira S., and Mads F. Bertelsen. "Effects of propofol administered via the supravertebral sinus in red-eared sliders." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 234, no. 3 (February 2009): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.234.3.390.

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20

Mo, Matthew. "Red-eared Sliders Trachemys scripta elegans in southern Sydney, including new incursions." Australian Zoologist 40, no. 2 (December 2019): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2018.022.

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The invasive Red-eared Slider Trachemys scripta elegans has spread extensively, forming naturalised populations on all continents except Antarctica. Ranked among the 100 worst invasive species, there are biosecurity concerns that native turtles become outcompeted and displaced, as well as other speculative impacts. The actual ecological impacts in Australia have not been properly studied, however impacts shown in other countries are concerning. Incursions have presented in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. A number of sightings have been reported from southern Sydney, including six sites where more than one slider has persisted. The incursions at Yeramba Lagoon in the Georges River National Park and the Centennial Parklands have been the most documented, whereas incursions in the Lime Kiln Bay Wetland, Rockdale Wetlands Corridor and Audley in the Royal National Park appear to have occurred recently. To date, breeding in southern Sydney has only been confirmed at Yeramba Lagoon. A range of removal techniques have been successfully applied to eradicate isolated incursions in Brisbane and Melbourne. However, these options are difficult to implement in southern Sydney sites where incursions occur in high visitation public lands.

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21

Schroeder, Carrie A., and Rebecca A. Johnson. "THE EFFICACY OF INTRACOELOMIC FOSPROPOFOL IN RED-EARED SLIDERS (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 44, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2013-0018r1.1.

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22

Govendan, Puveanthan Nagappan, Steven Dwi Purbantoro, Gabriella Jenni Alfades Loa, Erika Erika, Zefanya Christiani, Carene Naomi, Sulham Sunusi, and I. Made Beratha Mukti. "Conjunctivitis in a Juvenile Red-Eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.vetbioclinj.2020.002.02.4.

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Conjunctivitis is a common problem among red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) with improper husbandry care. A 30 grams T. s. elegans was presented with complaints of anorexia, dullness, inflamed, and closed eyes. The owner informed that the turtle was kept indoors without ultraviolet B (UVB) light or sunlight exposure and the water was not changed by the owner for a week. Clinical examination showed inflammation and watery discharge was found on the left eye. Conjunctivitis was diagnosed based on history and clinical examination. Treatments consist of topical antibiotic drops, vitamin A and B-complex, and husbandry care improvement. The turtle started eating five days after treatment. Ten days after the treatment the turtle was brought back for a checkup and eye have recovered.

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23

Glorioso, Brad M., Allison J. Vaughn, and J. Hardin Waddle. "The Aquatic Turtle Assemblage Inhabiting a Highly Altered Landscape in Southeast Missouri." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2010): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/072010-jfwm-020.

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Abstract Turtles are linked to energetic food webs as both consumers of plants and animals and prey for many species. Turtle biomass in freshwater systems can be an order of magnitude greater than that of endotherms. Therefore, declines in freshwater turtle populations can change energy transfer in freshwater systems. Here we report on a mark–recapture study at a lake and adjacent borrow pit in a relict tract of bottomland hardwood forest in the Mississippi River floodplain in southeast Missouri, which was designed to gather baseline data, including sex ratio, size structure, and population size, density, and biomass, for the freshwater turtle population. Using a variety of capture methods, we captured seven species of freshwater turtles (snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina; red-eared slider Trachemys scripta; southern painted turtle Chrysemys dorsalis; river cooter Pseudemys concinna; false map turtle Graptemys pseudogeographica; eastern musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus; spiny softshell Apalone spinifera) comprising four families (Chelydridae, Emydidae, Kinosternidae, Trinoychidae). With the exception of red-eared sliders, nearly all individuals captured were adults. Most turtles were captured by baited hoop-nets, and this was the only capture method that caught all seven species. The unbaited fyke net was very successful in the borrow pit, but only captured four of the seven species. Basking traps and deep-water crawfish nets had minimal success. Red-eared sliders had the greatest population estimate (2,675), density (205/ha), and biomass (178 kg/ha). Two species exhibited a sex-ratio bias: snapping turtles C. serpentina in favor of males, and spiny softshells A. spinifera in favor of females.

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Pace, Cinnamon M., Richard W. Blob, and Mark W. Westneat. "Comparative kinematics of the forelimb during swimming in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta) and spiny softshell (Apalone spinifera) turtles." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 19 (October 1, 2001): 3261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.19.3261.

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SUMMARYSoftshell turtles (Family Trionychidae) possess extensive webbing between the digits of the manus, suggesting that the forelimb may serve as an effective thrust generator during aquatic locomotion. However, the hindlimb has previously been viewed as the dominant propulsive organ in swimming freshwater turtles. To evaluate the potential role of the forelimb in thrust production during swimming in freshwater turtles, we compared the forelimb morphology and three-dimensional forelimb kinematics of a highly aquatic trionychid turtle, the spiny softshell Apalone spinifera, and a morphologically generalized emydid turtle, the red-eared slider Trachemys scripta. Spiny softshells possess nearly twice as much forelimb surface area as sliders for generating drag-based thrust. In addition, although both species use drag-based propulsion, several aspects of forelimb kinematics differ significantly between these species. During the thrust phase of the forelimb cycle, spiny softshells hold the elbow and wrist joints significantly straighter than sliders, thereby further increasing the surface area of the limb that can move water posteriorly and increasing the velocity of the distal portion of the forelimb. These aspects of swimming kinematics in softshells should increase forelimb thrust production and suggest that the forelimbs make more substantial contributions to forward thrust in softshell turtles than in sliders. Spiny softshells also restrict forelimb movements to a much narrower dorsoventral and anteroposterior range than sliders throughout the stroke, thereby helping to minimize limb movements potentially extraneous to forward thrust production. These comparisons demonstrate considerable diversity in the forelimb kinematics of turtles that swim using rowing motions of the limbs and suggest that the evolution of turtle forelimb mechanics produced a variety of contrasting solutions for aquatic specialization.

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Tucker, John K., Chad R. Dolan, James T. Lamer, and Emily A. Dustman. "Climatic Warming, Sex Ratios, and Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in Illinois." Chelonian Conservation and Biology 7, no. 1 (August 2008): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/ccb-0670.1.

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Tucker, John K. "Nesting Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) Exhibit Fidelity to Their Nesting Areas." Journal of Herpetology 35, no. 4 (December 2001): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565906.

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27

Cadi, A., and P. Joly. "Competition for basking places between the endangered European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis galloitalica) and the introduced red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 1392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-108.

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Large numbers of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) have been imported into Europe for several years as part of the pet trade. These alien turtles have entered habitats where they interact with native pond turtles (Emys orbicularis). We investigated competition for basking sites, because optimal basking sites may be a restricted resource in the wild. We used experimental ponds to compare basking-place selection between single-species groups and mixed-species groups. Both species preferred basking places in open deep water. In mixed groups the sliders outcompeted the European turtles for preferred basking places. Although competition for basking places is only one component of resource partitioning between these two species, it provided an insight into the relationships between an introduced and a native species. Behavioural asymmetries like those detected in our experiments argue for the caution principle in the animal trade.

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Moore, A. Russell, Matthew C. Allender, and Amy L. MacNeill. "EFFECTS OF RANAVIRUS INFECTION OF RED-EARED SLIDERS (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS) ON PLASMA PROTEINS." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 45, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2013-0147r1.1.

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29

Parham, James F., Theodore J. Papenfuss, Anna B. Sellas, Bryan L. Stuart, and W. Brian Simison. "Genetic variation and admixture of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in the USA." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 145 (April 2020): 106722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106722.

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30

Stone, Marie E. B., Troy A. Baird, and Paul A. Stone. "Is Melanism a Consequence of Sexual Selection in Male Red-Eared Sliders,Trachemys scripta elegans?" Journal of Herpetology 49, no. 4 (December 2015): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/14-106.

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Kimmons, Jeffery B., and Don Moll. "Seed Dispersal by Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and Common Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina)." Chelonian Conservation and Biology 9, no. 2 (December 2010): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/ccb-0797.1.

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32

Barhadiya, Gaurav, Chirashree Ghosh, and Shailendra Singh. "Invasive Red-eared Sliders, Trachemys scripta elegans (Weid 1838), in urban wetlands of Delhi, India." Reptiles & Amphibians 28, no. 1 (May 13, 2021): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i1.15277.

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Kummrow, Maya S., Florina Tseng, Leah Hesse, and Michael Court. "Pharmacokinetics of Buprenorphine after Single-Dose Subcutaneous Administration in Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 39, no. 4 (December 2008): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2008-0033.1.

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Reyes, C., and W. K. Milsom. "Daily and seasonal rhythms in the respiratory sensitivity of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Journal of Experimental Biology 212, no. 20 (October 2, 2009): 3339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.027698.

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35

Rowe, John W., David L. Clark, Rebecca A. Mortensen, Carolyn V. Commissaris, Lawrence W. Wittle, and John K. Tucker. "Thermal and substrate color-induced melanization in laboratory reared red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Journal of Thermal Biology 61 (October 2016): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.09.005.

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36

Lambert, Max R., Sharell N. Nielsen, Amber N. Wright, Robert C. Thomson, and H. Bradley Shaffer. "Habitat Features Determine the Basking Distribution of Introduced Red-Eared Sliders and Native Western Pond Turtles." Chelonian Conservation and Biology 12, no. 1 (July 2013): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/ccb-1010.1.

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37

Lai, Olimpia R., Pedro Marín, Pietro Laricchiuta, Donatella Gelli, Elisa Escudero, and Giuseppe Crescenzo. "Pharmacokinetics of injectable marbofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in red‐eared sliders ( Trachemys scripta elegans )." Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 43, no. 2 (March 2020): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12803.

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38

Lee, Stella Y., and William K. Milsom. "The metabolic cost of breathing in red-eared sliders: An attempt to resolve an old controversy." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 224 (April 2016): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2015.10.011.

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39

Reyes, Catalina, and William K. Milsom. "Circadian and Circannual Rhythms in the Metabolism and Ventilation of Red‐Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 83, no. 2 (March 2010): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597518.

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40

Saunders, David K., and Krishna H. Patel. "Comparison of blood viscosity in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta) adapted to cold and room temperature." Journal of Experimental Zoology 281, no. 3 (June 15, 1998): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19980615)281:3<157::aid-jez1>3.0.co;2-m.

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41

Lindsay, Megan K., Yixin Zhang, Michael R. J. Forstner, and Dittmar Hahn. "Effects of the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta elegans on ecosystem functioning: an approach in experimental ponds." Amphibia-Reptilia 34, no. 1 (2013): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002871.

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The effect of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) on aquatic ecosystem processes and macroinvertebrate community was investigated in artificial ponds that were stocked with turtles or kept free of them. Compared to ponds without turtles, ponds with turtles displayed significantly higher values of pH, conductivity, sediment accumulation, and leaf litter decomposition rates, as well as a higher abundance of invertebrates, specifically that of the Hemiptera and Ephemeroptera. The biomass of periphyton was not affected by the presence of turtles. These results suggest that the presence of T. s. elegans affects environmental conditions in ponds, and thus potentially ecosystem processes. Reduced abundance or loss of turtles in aquatic systems could therefore result in significant consequences on ecosystem functioning.

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Vyas, Raju. "Distribution of invasive Red-eared Sliders, Trachemys scripta (Testudines: Emydidae) in the wetlands of Gujarat State, India." Reptiles & Amphibians 26, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v26i2.14389.

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Silbernagel, C., DL Clifford, J. Bettaso, S. Worth, and J. Foley. "Prevalence of selected pathogens in western pond turtles and sympatric introduced red-eared sliders in California, USA." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 107, no. 1 (November 25, 2013): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02663.

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44

Kischinovsky, Michelle, Anna Duse, Tobias Wang, and Mads F. Bertelsen. "Intramuscular administration of alfaxalone in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) – effects of dose and body temperature." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 40, no. 1 (January 2013): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00745.x.

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Cao, Dainan, Shiping Gong, Jiangbo Yang, Weiye Li, Yan Ge, and Yufeng Wei. "Melanin deposition ruled out as cause of color changes in the red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 217 (March 2018): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.12.011.

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46

Moore, A. Russell, Matthew C. Allender, Mark A. Mitchell, and Amy L. MacNeill. "Evaluation of plasma fibrinogen concentration as a diagnostic indicator of inflammation in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 246, no. 2 (January 15, 2015): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.246.2.245.

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47

Crawshaw, Graham J., and Peter Holz. "Comparison of Plasma Biochemical Values in Blood and Blood-Lymph Mixtures from Red-eared Sliders, Trachemys scripta elegans." Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 6, no. 2 (January 1996): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1076-3139.6.2.7.

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48

Allender, Matthew C., and Mark A. Mitchell. "Hematologic Response to Experimental Infections of Frog Virus 3-Like Virus in Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1529-9651-23.1.25.

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49

Jaeger, Collin P., and Vincent A. Cobb. "Comparative Spatial Ecologies of Female Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta) and Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta) at Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee." Chelonian Conservation and Biology 11, no. 1 (June 2012): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/ccb-0949.1.

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50

Kroenlein, Karl R., Jonathan M. Sleeman, Steven D. Holladay, Priscilla H. Joyner, Justin D. Brown, Mark Griffin, Geoffrey Saunders, and Stephen A. Smith. "INABILITY TO INDUCE TYMPANIC SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA USING ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS IN VITAMIN A-DEFICIENT RED-EARED SLIDERS (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS)." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44, no. 3 (July 2008): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-44.3.664.

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