Journal articles: 'Red flour beetle – Biological control'

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Arthur, Frank H., and Steve L. Brown. "Evaluation of Diatomaceous Earth (Insecto) and Bacillus thuringiensis Formulations for Insect Control in Stored Peanuts2." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.2.176.

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Runner variety peanuts treated with four rates of diatomaceous earth (28.4, 56.8, 85.2, and 113.6 g per 12.7 kg peanuts) and Virginia variety peanuts treated with four Bacillus thuringiensis formulations (Dipel, Foil, M-Trak and Trident) were held for 8 months at ambient conditions in south Georgia and infested with stored-product insect pests. No red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), adults were found in peanuts treated with diatomaceous earth until six months after treatment. After 8 months, red flour beetle populations in peanuts treated with diatomaceous earth ranged from 5.7 ± 1.9 to 32.8 ± 12.0 per kg, as compared to 221.2 red flour beetles per 12.7 kg peanuts in untreated controls. The effect of diatomaceous earth on red flour beetles was described by non-linear regression. Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), populations were not abundant in untreated controls or the diatomaceous earth treatments. After 8 months, red flour beetle populations in peanuts treated with the four biological insecticides were not significantly different from the untreated controls. Low levels of Indianmeal moth and almond moth were present in all treatments.

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Arthur, Frank H., and Hagen B. Gillenwater. "Evaluation of Esfenvalerate Aerosol for Control of Stored Product Insect Pests2." Journal of Entomological Science 25, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.2.261.

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An aerosol containing 0.25% AI esfenvalerate, 1.25% piperonyl butoxide synergist, 18.50% oil solvent and 80.00% freon was tested against adults of some of the major insect pest species infesting stored peanuts and stored tobacco. Application at 0.03 g AI per 28.3 m3 killed at least 99% of the almond moths, Cadra cautella (Walker), Indianmeal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and tobacco moths, Ephestia elutella (Hübner). Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) mortality was 100% at application rates of 0.03 and 0.05 g per 28.3 m3. This was the least susceptible beetle species that was tested. Red flour beetles were knocked down at a rate of 0.013 g per 28.3 m3, and a second application of the same rate killed all survivors. The biological effectiveness of esfenvalerate compares favorably with dichlorvos, which is currently used as an aerosol control in peanut and tobacco storages.

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Kikuta, Shingo. "The Cytotoxic Effect of Genistein, a Soybean Isoflavone, against Cultured Tribolium Cells." Insects 11, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11040241.

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The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is a known pest of various grains and stored-products such as wheat flours; however, T. castaneum feeds on and infests soybean and soy products. For more than 60 years, soy flour has been suggested to be unstable food for Tribolium spp. because it causes larval development failure. However, it remains unknown whether soy flour affects adult beetles. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of soy flour and its related isoflavones against T. castaneum using an artificial dietary intake assay. Beetles were fed gypsum (a non-digestible compound) mixed with either water (control) or soy flour. Significantly fewer beetles survived after being fed the soy flour treatment. Although the soy isoflavone genistein, a defensive agent and secondary metabolite, decreased the T. castaneum adult survival, it required a long time to have a lethal effect. Therefore, the cytotoxic effects of soy flour, i.e., the rapid biological responses following isoflavone addition, were also examined using a cultured cell line derived from T. castaneum. Both genistin and genistein significantly affected the survival of the cultured cells, although genistein had a stronger lethal effect. This study demonstrated the toxicity of genistein found in soybean against T. castaneum cultured cells within 24 h period. Genistein may be used as an oral toxin biopesticide against T. castaneum.

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Perkin, Lindsey, Elena N. Elpidina, and Brenda Oppert. "Expression patterns of cysteine peptidase genes across theTribolium castaneumlife cycle provide clues to biological function." PeerJ 4 (January 18, 2016): e1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1581.

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The red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum, is a major agricultural pest responsible for considerable loss of stored grain and cereal products worldwide.T. castaneumlarvae have a highly compartmentalized gut, with cysteine peptidases mostly in the acidic anterior part of the midgut that are critical to the early stages of food digestion. In previous studies, we described 26 putative cysteine peptidase genes inT. castaneum(types B, L, O, F, and K) located mostly on chromosomes 3, 7, 8, and 10. In the present study, we hypothesized that specific cysteine peptidase genes could be associated with digestive functions for food processing based on comparison of gene expression profiles in different developmental stages, feeding and non-feeding. RNA-Seq was used to determine the relative expression of cysteine peptidase genes among four major developmental stages (egg, larvae, pupae, and adult) ofT. castaneum. We also compared cysteine peptidase genes inT. castaneumto those in other model insects and coleopteran pests. By combining transcriptome expression, phylogenetic comparisons, response to dietary inhibitors, and other existing data, we identified key cysteine peptidases thatT. castaneumlarvae and adults use for food digestion, and thus new potential targets for biologically-based control products.

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Sileem, T. M., A. L. Mehany, and R. S. Hassan. "Fumigant toxicity of some essential oils against Red Flour Beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and its safety to mammals." Brazilian Journal of Biology 80, no. 4 (December 2020): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.219529.

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Abstract Fumigant activities for three essential oils; Garlic oil (Allium sativum L); Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) were assessed at different concentrations against the adult and 20-days old larval stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the laboratory. The accumulative mortality was observed at different exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days). The residual effect of garlic oil that was the effective oil, on the treated wheat grains was evaluated with respect to histological changes in the liver, kidney, and stomach of rat fed on this treated wheat. The results showed that the mortality rates of treated stages increased with increasing the time of fumigation treatment. Moreover the highest essential oils toxicity at the Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days) to fumigation were (126, 53, and 47 mg/L air) for adult stage and were (79, 62, and 41 mg/L air) for larval stage, respectively in the case of Garlic oil treatment. While, the lowest essential oils effective was Nigella oil at the Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days) to fumigation were (3594, 629, and 335 mg/L air) for adult stage and were (1040, 416, and 227 mg/L air) for larval stage, respectively. The toxicity effect of various essential oils against adults and larvae of T. castaneum at the LC50at 7 days fumigation could be arranged in descending order as follows: Garlic oil, Chili pepper oil, and Nigella oil. The histological changes showed that the organs slightly affected at the fumigation for 3 days. It may be concluded that the garlic essential oil is the good effective fumigant to control T. castaneum in the stored products and it recommended that the fumigation period does not exceed 3 days. The garlic essential oil has the potential for applications in IPM programs for stored-grain pests because of its high volatility and fumigant activity and its safety.

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Perkin, Lindsey C., and Brenda Oppert. "Gene expression in Tribolium castaneum life stages: Identifying a species-specific target for pest control applications." PeerJ 7 (May 23, 2019): e6946. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6946.

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The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is a major agricultural pest of post-harvest products and stored grain. Control of T. castaneum in stored products and grain is primarily by fumigants and sprays, but insecticide resistance is a major problem, and new control strategies are needed. T. castaneum is a genetic model for coleopterans, and the reference genome can be used for discovery of candidate gene targets for molecular-based control, such as RNA interference. Gene targets need to be pest specific, and ideally, they are expressed at low levels for successful control. Therefore, we sequenced the transcriptome of four major life stages of T. castaneum, sorted data into groups based on high or low expression levels, and compared relative gene expression among all life stages. We narrowed our candidate gene list to a cuticle protein gene (CPG) for further analysis. We found that the CPG sequence was unique to T. castaneum and expressed only in the larval stage. RNA interference targeting CPG in newly-emerged larvae caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in CPG expression (1,491-fold) compared to control larvae and 64% mortality over 18 d. RNA-Seq of survivors after 18 d identified changes in the expression of other genes as well, including 52 long noncoding RNAs. Expression of three additional cuticle protein genes were increased and two chitinase genes were decreased in response to injection of CPG dsRNA. The data demonstrate that RNA-Seq can identify genes important for insect survival and thus may be used to develop novel biologically-based insect control products.

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Ahmed, Sohail, Waqas Wakil, H. M. Salman Saleem, Mohammad Shahid, and M. Usman Ghazanfar. "Effect of Iron Fortified Wheat Flour on the Biology and Physiology of Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)." International Journal of Insect Science 2 (January 2010): IJIS.S5200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijis.s5200.

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Iron overload in the fortified flour can influence the life stages and physiology of the insects. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of commercially available premix iron fortified flour as well as effect of different concentrations of post-mix iron fortified flour (30–5 ppm) on biology of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Hebrst.). Larval and pupal duration, total developmental time, fecundity and larval weights in two consecutive generations of beetle were compared with control treatment. Amylase and protease activities of gut of the beetle were also measured in premix and postmix flours. Results showed that larval mortality increased in two sources of premix iron flour when compared with control. Larval weight was reduced in first generation only. The larval mortality was significantly higher in 30 ppm postmix iron fortified flour than in other postmix concentrations and control treatment. The larvae of T. castaneum fed on two sources of premix and in various concentrations of postmix iron fortified flour revealed an increase in amylases and decrease in protease activities.

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Arthur, Frank H. "Cyfluthrin WP and EC Formulations to Control Malathion-Resistant Red Flour Beetles and Confused Flour Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Effects of Paint on Residual Efficacy2." Journal of Entomological Science 27, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-27.4.436.

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Malathion-resistant red flour beetle and confused flour beetle field strains and a pesticide-susceptible laboratory strain of each species were exposed on unpainted and painted galvanized steel panels treated with cyfluthrin EC and WP formulations at label rates. Residues from both formulations applied to unpainted steel killed 99.8% of the insects after 1 h exposure for up to 235 d after treatment. Equivalent control on painted panels lasted approximately 3 wks and required 24 h exposure. Residual mortality on painted panels treated with cyfluthrin WP and EC quickly declined; tests with red flour beetles and confused flour beetles were discontinued after 116 and 123 d, respectively. All of the malathion-resistant strains were as susceptible as the laboratory strain to cyfluthrin, and there was no difference between the EC and WP formulations.

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BROWN, SUSAN J., JANET K. PARRISH, and ROBIN E. DENELL. "Genetic Control of Early Embryogenesis in the Red Flour Beetle,Tribolium castaneum." American Zoologist 34, no. 3 (June 1994): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/34.3.343.

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10

Futo, Momir, Marie P. Sell, Megan A. M. Kutzer, and Joachim Kurtz. "Specificity of oral immune priming in the red flour beetleTribolium castaneum." Biology Letters 13, no. 12 (December 2017): 20170632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0632.

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Immune specificity is the degree to which a host's immune system discriminates among various pathogens or antigenic variants. Vertebrate immune memory is highly specific due to antibody responses. On the other hand, some invertebrates show immune priming, i.e. improved survival after secondary exposure to a previously encountered pathogen. Until now, specificity of priming has only been demonstrated via the septic infection route or when live pathogens were used for priming. Therefore, we tested for specificity in the oral priming route in the red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum. For priming, we used pathogen-free supernatants derived from three different strains of the entomopathogen,Bacillus thuringiensis, which express different Cry toxin variants known for their toxicity against this beetle. Subsequent exposure to the infective spores showed that oral priming was specific for two naturally occurring strains, while a third engineered strain did not induce any priming effect. Our data demonstrate that oral immune priming with a non-infectious bacterial agent can be specific, but the priming effect is not universal across all bacterial strains.

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Haj Ismail, Aead, Shaymaa Mohameed, and Hisham Yousif. "USED OF HOT AIR IN CONTROL RED FLOUR BEETLE Tribolium castaneum AND THE KHAPRA BEETLE Trogoderma granarium." Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 46, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/magrj.2018.161501.

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Yan, Yan, Scott B. Williams, Larry L. Murdock, and Dieudonne Baributsa. "Hermetic storage of wheat and maize flour protects against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst)." PLOS ONE 12, no. 9 (September 26, 2017): e0185386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185386.

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Milutinović, Barbara, Clemens Stolpe, Robert Peuβ, Sophie A. O. Armitage, and Joachim Kurtz. "The Red Flour Beetle as a Model for Bacterial Oral Infections." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (May 30, 2013): e64638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064638.

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Hou, Xingwei, Paul Fields, and Wes Taylor. "Combination of protein-rich pea flour and pea extract with insecticides and enzyme inhibitors for control of stored-product beetles." Canadian Entomologist 136, no. 4 (August 2004): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-077.

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AbstractProtein-rich pea flour and its extract are toxic to stored-product beetles and, at a concentration of 0.1%, can control these insects in a granary. To reduce the concentration of protein-rich pea flour needed to control stored-product beetles, natural products or currently used grain protectants (diatomaceous earth, neem, Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), malathion, and pyrethrum) were mixed with protein-rich pea flour in wheat. Mixtures were tested against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Neem and protein-rich pea flour acted synergistically against T. castaneum. Malathion and protein-rich pea flour acted synergistically against S. oryzae. Protein-rich pea flour combined with diatomaceous earth or pyrethrum acted additively against S. oryzae. All other combinations acted antagonistically. An extract from protein-rich pea flour reduced feeding of S. oryzae, and three enzyme inhibitors, piperonyl butoxide, profenofos, and diethyl maleate, were tested for their possible synergistic effects on feeding deterrence and mortality. Piperonyl butoxide and pea extract had additive effects, and diethyl maleate had no effect on the feeding and mortality of insects. Profenofos alone killed all insects in 3 days. The flour consumption of S. oryzae was positively correlated with LT50 (time to 50% mortality) in flour disks treated with pea extract.

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Pray, Leslie A., and Charles J. Goodnight. "Genetic Variation in Inbreeding Depression in the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum." Evolution 49, no. 1 (February 1995): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410303.

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Liu, Zhi Long, Jie Cao, Hai Min Zhang, Li Li Lin, Hui Juan Liu, Shu Shan Du, Ligang Zhou, and Zhi Wei Deng. "Feeding Deterrents from Aconitum episcopale Roots against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59, no. 8 (April 27, 2011): 3701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf104879h.

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Agarwal, Aparna, and Deepa Agashe. "The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum: A model for host-microbiome interactions." PLOS ONE 15, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): e0239051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239051.

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Khidr, Sahand K., Waran Nooraldeen A. Agha, and Adil H. Amin. "Molecular Identification of Three Stored Product Insect Species on Dried Fruits and Their Control with the Use of Some Aqueous Plant Extracts." Science Journal of University of Zakho 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/2017.5.2.365.

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Mortality of three insects; red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst), khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) and sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)) were evaluated via some aqueous plant extracts. The identification of three examined insects was carried out via designing specific primers for each aforementioned species with the use of PCR technique. The toxicity of aqueous plant extracts; eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh), mint (Mentha canadensis L.) and myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) at three dosages (12500, 25000 and 50000) ppm for 1, 2, 3 and 7 days were tested for their insecticidal activity against examined adults on dried fruits. Percentage mortality of insect was increased with an increase of doses and exposure times, whereas, not influenced significantly by the fruit types. T. castaneum was the most susceptible species, followed by T. granarium and O. surinamensis. Likewise, LC50 values were (3887.25, 10816.34 & 22763.48) on red flour, khapra & sawtoothed grain beetles respectively via using eucalyptus aqueous extract after 7 days on black raisin. While, higher doses required in order to kill fifty percentage of the population via myrtle aqueous extract and thus the LC50 values increased to (14726.86, 18421.43 & 39016.78) on the three aforementioned species respectively.

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Ojumoola, A. O., E. Obikwe, A. A. Oladigbolu, and A. A. Adesiyun. "Influence of prior feeding experience and food deprivation on flour selection and utilization by the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)." Agro-Science 19, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v19i2.7.

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The influence of prior feeding experience and food deprivation on selection and utilization of wheat flour (WF), melon seed flour (MSF) and mung bean flour (MBF) by Tribolium castaneum reared on WF was investigated in this study. Flour selection, measured by percentage gravitation and acceptance of the flours by beetles (when fed and also when starved for 48 hours), was studied in choice and no-choice tests. On the other hand, T. castaneum’ s utilization of flours for growth and development was determined by monitoring population changes for three months in each flour type infested with 10 beetle pairs. Results of three-flour choice tests showed that gravitation (55.56%) and acceptance (54.44%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in WF than MSF and MBF. Also, MBF significantly (p < 0.05) had higher beetle gravitation (80.56%) and acceptance (72.78%) than MSF in a two-flour choice test. In no-choice tests, percentage gravitation and acceptance of beetles to the control (no flour situation) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to MBF. Selection of MSF by T. castaneum was, however, not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the control in the study. Flour utilization followed a similar trend with significantly higher (p < 0.05) mean adults and larvae numbers in WF (211.33, 81.33) and MBF (87.67, 31.00), respectively compared to MSF (28.33, 7.67) at three months after infestation. The study concluded that flour selection in T. castaneum is influenced by prior feeding experience but not by food deprivation status of the beetles. Flour utilization is, however, neither influenced by prior feeding experience nor by food deprivation. Key words: Tribolium castaneum, host range, choice test, no-choice test, flour

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Roth, Olivia, Ben M. Sadd, Paul Schmid-Hempel, and Joachim Kurtz. "Strain-specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1654 (September 16, 2008): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1157.

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As invertebrates lack the molecular machinery employed by the vertebrate adaptive immune system, it was thought that they consequently lack the ability to produce lasting and specific immunity. However, in recent years, it has been demonstrated that the immune defence of invertebrates is by far more complicated and specific than previously envisioned. Lasting immunity following an initial exposure that proves protection on a secondary exposure has been shown in several species of invertebrates. This phenomenon has become known as immune priming. In the cases where it is explicitly tested, this priming can also be highly specific. In this study, we used survival assays to test for specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum , using bacteria of different degrees of relatedness. Our results suggest an unexpected degree of specificity that even allows for differentiation between different strains of the same bacterium. However, our findings also demonstrate that specific priming of resistance in insects may not be ubiquitous across all bacteria.

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Buxton, Thomas, E. O. Owusu, and Chul-Sa Kim. "Bioactivity of cardanol against the rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 38, no. 04 (September 24, 2018): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758418000176.

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AbstractCashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is an economically important by-product obtained from the cashew nut Anacardium occidentale L. The liquid has been found to be versatile with a wide range of uses, including as a raw material in the polymer industry, in the development of drugs (antioxidants) and in pest control. One important chemical component of CNSL known for its bioactivity is cardanol. We isolated (8Z,11Z)-3-(8,11,14-pentadecatrienyl)phenol, a cardanol from CNSL, and determined its insecticidal and progeny growth and development inhibition activities against Tribolium castaneum Hebst. We used a bioassay-guided approach for the isolation. Exposure to cardanol produced 80% mortality of adult T. castaneum in the insecticidal bioassay. In the progeny growth and development inhibition bioassay, 46.7% of larvae were killed, and only 20.7% of adults emerged without deformities after the cardanol treatment. The amount of isolated cardanol from the 1 g equivalent/ml extracted CNSL was found to be 36.55 mg with LC50 value of 47.88 mg/ml and 13.28 mg/ml against adult T. castaneum and its larvae, respectively. We conclude that cardanol can potentially be useful in managing stored product insect pests, especially T. castaneum, but with the prerequisite that one should take much care when handling and when applying the compound.

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Yu, Daeung, Bijay Shrestha, and Oon-Doo Baik. "Radio frequency (RF) control of red flour beetle ( Tribolium castaneum ) in stored rapeseeds ( Brassica napus L.)." Biosystems Engineering 151 (November 2016): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2016.09.006.

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Pray, Leslie A., and Charles J. Goodnight. "The Effect of Inbreeding on Phenotypic Variance in the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum." Evolution 51, no. 1 (February 1997): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410986.

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BROWN, SUSAN J., ROBIN E. DENELL, and RICHARD W. BEEMAN. "Beetling around the genome." Genetical Research 82, no. 3 (December 2003): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672303006451.

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The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, has been selected for whole genome shotgun sequencing in the next year. In this minireview, we discuss some of the genetic and genomic tools and biological properties of Tribolium that have established its importance as an organism for agricultural and biomedical research as well as for studies of development and evolution. A Tribolium genomic database, Beetlebase, is being constructed to integrate genetic, genomic and biological data as it becomes available.

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Cepeda, Rodrigo E., Renato V. Pardo, Constanza C. Macaya, and Andres F. Sarrazin. "Contribution of cell proliferation to axial elongation in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum." PLOS ONE 12, no. 10 (October 9, 2017): e0186159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186159.

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Parchin, Reza Ashrafi, and Asgar Ebadollahi. "Biological Activities of Hypericum perforatum L. Essential Oil Against Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." Journal of Entomology 13, no. 3 (April 15, 2016): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/je.2016.91.97.

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Karunakaran, C., D. S. Jayas, and N. D. G. White. "Identification of Wheat Kernels damaged by the Red Flour Beetle using X-ray Images." Biosystems Engineering 87, no. 3 (March 2004): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.12.002.

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Bachchu, Md Adnan Al, Kismot Ara, Md Nizam Uddin, and Roushan Ara. "Larvicidal Efficacies of Four Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 43, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v43i2.46519.

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An investigation was carried out on the larvicidal efficacy of four indigenous plant extracts against the 6th instar larvae of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) during the period of February to July 2016. The result revealed that all the four plant extracts were effective in checking insect infestation and had different toxic effects against the 6th instar larvae of red flour beetle. Average mortality indicated that castor plant extract showed the highest toxic effect (average mortality 57.78%) whereas the lowest toxicity (average mortality 27.46%) was found in the neem leaf extracts. The larval mortality significantly differed among all the concentrations of the plant extracts applied and the highest mortality (60.75%) was recorded in maximum concentration (10.61 mg/cm2) of the plant extract. No larval mortality was observed in untreated control up to 72 HATs. Mortality percentage was also observed directly proportional to the level of concentrations of plant extracts and to the exposure period. Probit analysis of larval mortality also revealed that the castor plant extract showed the highest toxicity at different time interval among all the plant extracts applied. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(2): 223-232, December 2017

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Athanassiou, Christos G., and Frank H. Arthur. "Cool Down–Warm Up: Differential Responses of Stored Product Insects after Gradual Temperature Changes." Insects 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11030158.

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Insect survival after exposure to 0 °C for 7 days was examined in laboratory bioassays for control of adults of six major stored-product beetle species, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), the sawtoothed grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, Dermestes maculatus DeGeer, the hide beetle, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, and T. confusum Jacquelin DuVal, the confused flour beetle In this test there were four different acclimation treatments, insects that had been subjected to a pre-acclimation period to 0 °C, a post-acclimation period, both a pre and post-acclimation period, and adults that were not acclimated. Insect survival for all species except S. oryzae was not affected by the exposure to 0 °C, regardless of the acclimation scenario. In contrast, exposure to 0 °C drastically reduced survival of S. oryzae. Moreover, adults that were exposed to the post-acclimation only and un-acclimated adults had lower survival rates than those that had either exposure to pre-acclimation, or to both pre- and post-acclimation. Results of this experiment show that acclimation played a limited role in adult survival of five of the six tested species, and that exposure of adults to 0 °C for 7 d had no effect in survival of these species as well.

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Izadi, H., M. Mohammadzadeh, and M. Mehrabian. "Cold Tolerance of the Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Under Different Thermal Regimes: Impact of Cold Acclimation." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 1983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz089.

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Abstract The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is a serious pest of stored product worldwide. Cold tolerance or cold hardiness is an important ecophysiological trait related directly to survival, fitness, and distribution of insects. In this study, the effects of four thermal regimes, i.e., control (C), cold acclimation (CA), rapid cold hardening (RCH), and fluctuating-acclimation (FA), were examined for their effects on cold tolerance, supercooling point (SCP), lower lethal temperature (LLT), and chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) of the red flour beetle. In addition, changes in cryoprotectant (trehalose, sorbitol, and myo-inositol) levels were investigated under each thermal treatment. The results documented a substantial enhancement in the SCP, cold hardiness, and cryoprotectant levels of the adults of T. castaneum under CA regimes. The lowest SCP, highest trehalose and myo-inositol contents, and, subsequently, the greatest survival rate were observed in cold-acclimated beetles. In addition, coordination between cryoprotectant level, SCP, and cold tolerance of the pest was observed. The highest and lowest CCRT were observed at control and CA, respectively. In RCH regime with the highest impact, LLT reached the lowest level of −22°C. As most of the mortality of T. castaneum occurred at a temperature above the SCP, so this pest could be considered as a chill-susceptible insect.

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Alnajim, Ihab, Manjree Agarwal, Tao Liu, and YongLin Ren. "A Novel Method for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (H.) using Headspace-SPME Technology." Current Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411015666190117125920.

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Background: The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the world’s most serious stored grain insect pests. A method of early and rapid identification of red flour beetle in stored products is urgently required to improve control options. Specific chemical signals identified as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that are released by the beetle can serve as biomarkers. Methods: The Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) technique and the analytical conditions with GC and GCMS were optimised and validated for the determination of VOCs released from T. castaneum. Results: The 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS SPME fibre was selected for extraction of VOCs from T. castaneum. The efficiency of extraction of VOCs was significantly affected by the extraction time, temperature, insect density and type of SPME fibre. Twenty-three VOCs were extracted from insects in 4 mL flask at 35 ± 1°C for four hours of extraction and separated and identified with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major VOCs or chemical signals from T. castaneum were 1-pentadecene, p-Benzoquinone, 2-methyl- and p-Benzoquinone, 2-ethyl. Conclusion: This study showed that HS-SPME GC technology is a robust and cost-effective method for extraction and identification of the unique VOCs produced by T. castaneum. Therefore, this technology could lead to a new approach in the timely detection of T. castaneum and its subsequent treatment.

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BRIK, Imene, and Naama FRAH. "Euphorbia bupleuroides Desf. latex as biopesticide against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum [Herbst, 1797]) and khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898)." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.2.2029.

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Laboratory evaluation of Euphorbia bupleuroides latex as biopesticide against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) were evaluated at ambient temperature. The insecticidal activity of latex was determined by direct contact application. Different concentrations were prepared by dilution of 2.5, 5.0, 7.0 and 10.0 µl of latex into 0.1 ml acetone. 1 µl was pumped regularly in the thorax of different insects. The latex of E. bupleuroides showed insecticidal activity against T. granarium and T. castaneum. High levels of mortality were associated with the increase in the concentration and time of exposure as well. T. granarium adults are generally more prone to latex insecticidal effects than T. castaneum adults. After 6 days of exposure to E. bupleuroides latex, the LC50 recorded was 14.12 µl for T. granarium adults, and 14.7 µl for T. castaneum. LC90 numbers, on the other hand, were 38.8 µl for the former, and 51.44 µl for the latter.

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Pray, Leslie A. "The Effect of Inbreeding on Population-Level Genetic Correlations in the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum." Evolution 51, no. 2 (April 1997): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2411134.

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Vleugels, Rut, Cynthia Lenaerts, Arnd Baumann, Jozef Vanden Broeck, and Heleen Verlinden. "Pharmacological Characterization of a 5-HT1-Type Serotonin Receptor in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (May 31, 2013): e65052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065052.

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Zels, Sven, Heleen Verlinden, Senne Dillen, Rut Vleugels, Ronald J. Nachman, and Jozef Vanden Broeck. "Signaling Properties and Pharmacological Analysis of Two Sulfakinin Receptors from the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum." PLoS ONE 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2014): e94502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094502.

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Abdel-Hady, Amira A. A., Marwa M. Ramadan, Jianhua Lü, and Ahmed S. Hashem. "High-temperature shock consequences on the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)." Journal of Thermal Biology 100 (August 2021): 103062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103062.

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Rasool, Khawaja Ghulam, Khalid Mehmood, Mureed Husain, Muhammad Tufail, Waleed Saleh Alwaneen, and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood. "De novo transcriptome analysis and identification of reproduction control genes from the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 24, 2021): e0251278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251278.

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Recent attacks by the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), have become a severe problem for palm species. In present work, fat body transcriptome of adult female red palm weevil was analyzed, focusing on the identification of reproduction control genes. Transcriptome study was completed by means of next-generation sequencing (NGS) using Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing system. A total of 105,938,182 raw reads, 102,645,544 clean reads, and 9,238,098,960 clean nucleotides with a guanine–cytosine content of 40.31%, were produced. The processed transcriptome data resulted in 43,789 unique transcripts (with mean lengths of 1,172 bp). It was found that 20% of total unique transcripts shared up to 80%–100% sequence identity with homologous species, mainly the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (59.9%) and red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (26.9%). Nearly 25 annotated genes were predicted to be involved in red palm weevil reproduction, including five vitellogenin (Vg) transcripts. Among the five Vg gene transcripts, one was highly expressed compared with the other four (FPKM values of 1.963, 1.471, 1.028, and 1.017, respectively), and the five Vg gene transcripts were designated as RfVg, RfVg-equivalent1, RfVg-equivalent2, RfVg-equivalent3, and RfVg-equivalent4, respectively. The high expression level of RfVg verified by RT-polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that RfVg is the primary functional Vg gene in red palm weevil. A high similarity of RfVg with other Coleopterans was also reflected in a phylogenetic tree, where RfVg was placed within the clade of the order Coleoptera. Awareness of the major genes that play critical roles in reproduction and proliferation of red palm weevil is valuable to understand their reproduction mechanism at a molecular level. In addition, for future molecular studies, the NGS dataset obtained will be useful and will promote the exploration of biotech-based control strategies against red palm weevil, a primary pest of palm trees.

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Fraga, Amanda, Lupis Ribeiro, Mariana Lobato, Vitória Santos, José Roberto Silva, Helga Gomes, Jorge Luiz da Cunha Moraes, et al. "Glycogen and Glucose Metabolism Are Essential for Early Embryonic Development of the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum." PLoS ONE 8, no. 6 (June 4, 2013): e65125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065125.

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Benzi, Verónica, Natalia Stefanazzi, Ana Paula Murray, Jorge O. Werdin González, and Adriana Ferrero. "Composition, Repellent, and Insecticidal Activities of Two South American Plants against the Stored Grain Pests Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." ISRN Entomology 2014 (February 20, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/175827.

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As part of a screening program to evaluate the biological activity of indigenous plants, we report the composition and the bioactivity of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Té de Burro Aloysia polystachya [(Griseb.) Moldenke] and Lemon Verbena Aloysia citriodora [Palau] against two of the most widespread secondary pests of stored products, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum [Herbst] and the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum [Jacqueline du Val]. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the EOs led the identification of their major constituents and their relative proportions. EO of A. citriodora showed the highest repellent activity against both beetles (>70%). On the other hand, both plants showed fumigant toxicity only against T. confusum, without significant differences between them (LC50 values of 5.92 and 5.53 mg/L air for A. polystachya and A. citriodora, resp.). For contact toxicity (topical applications) the EO of A. polystachya was more effective (LD50 = 7.35 μg/insect) than the EO of A. citriodora (LD50 = 13.8 μg/insect) only against T. castaneum. On the other hand, T. confusum was not susceptible by contact to any of these EOs. These results provide important tools for the development of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.

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Deb, Mamata, and Dolly Kumar. "Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of the Essential Oils Derived from Artemisia Annua Against the Red Flour Beetle." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2761.

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Tribolium casteneum is the most resistant stored grains pest causing more than 40% grains loss per year. Replacement of the conventional fumigants with an eco-friendly alternative seemed an intelligent move to control the pest which has inclined global research towards the efficacy of pesticidal plants. In the race of finding a better insecticidal candidate, we focused on to the chemical composition of the essential oils (EO) derived with polar and non-polar solvents from Artemisia annua and their possible bioactivity against the pest species. GC-MS analyses of Chloroform and n-Hexane derived EOs showed the dominance of Oxygenated Sesquiterpene in the extract. Adults were found more vulnerable to n-Hexane EO (LD50= 0.71 mg adultˉ1) than to chloroform derived EO (LD50= 0.97 mg adultˉ1) in contact toxicity assays. In the fumigant bioassay both the adults and larvae were found susceptible towards n-Hexane EO with LD50 0.66 & 0.53 mg L airˉ1 respectively. Evaluation of the biomolecular profile of adults and larvae at their lethal doses to understand the molecular mechanism underlying oxidative stress has shown significant downfall (p˂0.01) in the activities of protein, AChE, GST, GSH whereas up regulation of LPO was distinctly marked. The basic knowledge of employing potential solvent in eluting EOs of A. annua would prove to be an efficient environmental friendly management tool against T. casteneum.

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House, Clarissa, Philip Tunstall, James Rapkin, Mathilda J. Bale, Matthew Gage, Enrique Castillo, and John Hunt. "Multivariate stabilizing sexual selection and the evolution of male and female genital morphology in the red flour beetle*." Evolution 74, no. 5 (January 23, 2020): 883–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13912.

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White, N. D. G., D. S. Jayas, and C. J. Demianyk. "Movement of grain to control stored-product insects and mites." Phytoprotection 78, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706122ar.

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The movement of stored grain by auger or pneumatic conveyor was evaluated for control of stored-product insects and mites. In a pilot scale test using nine welded steel bins each holding 322 kg of wheat (Triticum aestivum), movement of grain using an auger in three bins caused 89% mortality of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum adults and 94% mortality of rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus adults. Larval mortality of both species, based on grain samples placed in Berlese funnels, was 100%. Pneumatic conveyance of grain in three bins caused 100% mortality of all stages of both insects based on grain samples and grain-probe insect traps. In field tests, infested wooden bins of wheat and corn (Zea mays) were moved by pneumatic conveyor to a truck and then hand-poured into welded steel bins. A parallel test on wheat and corn was done using a screw auger to move the grain. Pneumatic wheat movement killed 100% of mites (Aeroglyphus robustus), T. castaneum adults and larvae, and C. ferrugineus adults. Mortality of C. ferrugineus larvae and psocids was 79% and 83%, respectively. Augering wheat killed 98% of mites, 84% T. castaneum adults, 70% T. castaneum larvae, 14% C. ferrugineus adults, and 0% C. ferrugineus larvae. Pneumatic movement of corn killed 97% T. castaneum adults, 72% C. ferrugineus adults and 100% of the fungus beetle Cartodere constricta. Augering corn had less effects than pneumatic movement on insect mortality. Pneumatic conveyance of grain, especially wheat, offers an effective physical control for common stored-product insects.

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Hashem, A., and Marwa Ramadan. "Nanoemulsions of Chamomile and Cumin Essential Oils: As an Alternative Bio-rational Control Approach against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum." Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2021.149515.

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Amporn Winotai. "Integrated Pest Management of Important Insect Pests of Coconut1." CORD 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v30i1.82.

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IPM or Integrated pest management is a strategy that integrates various methods of cultural, physical, mechanical, biological control and selection of pesticides as the last option. IPM is not only cost effective but simultaneously prioritized human and environmental safety. IPM is based on farmer’s local knowledge, acceptance and education. Several insects were reported as coconut pests in Asia and Pacific region. Among these pests, rhinoceros beetle, red palm weevil, coconut hispine beetle, coconut black headed caterpillar and coconut scale currently causing severe damage to coconut palms in the region. Rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Management of this pest is a combination of sanitation in plantations and surrounding, biological control by using Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes virus and pheromone trapping. Red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) outbreaks usually occur after infestation of rhinoceros beetle. Keeping the rhinoceros under control results in keeping the red palm weevil under control too. Pheromone trapping is also developed for reduction of this pest. Coconut hispine beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomellidae), is an invasive pest occurs in Southeast Asia and Pacific region. Biological control of the pest is recommended by releasing two species of parasitoids, Asecodes hispinarus Boucek (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Tetrastichus brontispae Ferriere (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Coconut black headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) is one of the key pests of coconut in South Asia and invaded Thailand in 2008. Management of this pest in its native region consisted of: 1) removing and burning of the infested leaves; 2) biological control by releasing parasitoids such as Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), Bracon brevicornis (Wesmael), Brachymeria nephantidis Gahan; and 3) chemical control by trunk injection and applying systemic insecticides in the holes. Bacillus thruringiensis has been recommended for biological control of the black headed caterpillar in Thailand. Coconut scale, Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) has been reported as a serious in Philippines. Predators are significant biological control agents in limiting A. destructor populations. The most common natural enemies associated with the coconut scales are the coccinellid beetles Chilocorus spp., Azya trinitatis, Cryptognatha nodiceps, Rhyzobius lophanthae and Pentilia castanea. Local parasitoids, Comperiella, Aphytis and Encarsia also play important roles in keeping the pest under control. Application of insecticides could inducee the infestation of the scale. Biological controls is recommended for suppression of other coconut pests, such as slug caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) such as Parasa lepida Cramer; coconut leaf moth, Artona catoxantha Hampton (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae); and coconut leafminer, Promecotheca cumingii Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

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Matsumura, Kentarou, and Takahisa Miyatake. "Lines selected for different durations of tonic immobility have different leg lengths in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum." Behaviour 157, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003579.

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Abstract Tonic immobility is an adaptive anti-predator behaviour observed in many species. This anti-predator behaviour is often correlated with a species’ movement motivation, so a relationship between the duration of tonic immobility and morphological traits supporting movement would be expected. Using the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, we carried out two-way artificial selection for the duration of tonic immobility over more than 43 generations, establishing populations with longer (L) and shorter (S) tonic immobility durations compared to those of a non-selected control (C) population. Here, we investigated differences in walking motivation and leg length between the selected populations. Walking motivation was significantly higher in beetles from the S population than that in those from the L population. Moreover, S-population beetles of both sexes had significantly longer legs than those from L and C populations. The present results suggest the evolution of longer legs in response to selection pressure for a shorter duration of tonic immobility in T. castaneum.

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Knorr, Eileen, Henrike Schmidtberg, Derya Arslan, Linda Bingsohn, and Andreas Vilcinskas. "Translocation of bacteria from the gut to the eggs triggers maternal transgenerational immune priming in Tribolium castaneum." Biology Letters 11, no. 12 (December 2015): 20150885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0885.

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Invertebrates can be primed to enhance their protection against pathogens they have encountered before. This enhanced immunity can be passed maternally or paternally to the offspring and is known as transgenerational immune priming. We challenged larvae of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum by feeding them on diets supplemented with Escherichia coli , Micrococcus luteus or Pseudomonas entomophila , thus mimicking natural exposure to pathogens. The oral uptake of bacteria induced immunity-related genes in the offspring, but did not affect the methylation status of the egg DNA. However, we observed the translocation of bacteria or bacterial fragments from the gut to the developing eggs via the female reproductive system. Such translocating microbial elicitors are postulated to trigger bacterial strain-specific immune responses in the offspring and provide an alternative mechanistic explanation for maternal transgenerational immune priming in coleopteran insects.

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Ramadan, Marwa M., Amira A. A. Abdel-Hady, Raul Narciso C. Guedes, and Ahmed S. Hashem. "Low temperature shock and chill-coma consequences for the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)." Journal of Thermal Biology 94 (December 2020): 102774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102774.

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Lu, Yanhui, Yuan-Ping Pang, Yoonseong Park, Xiwu Gao, Jianxiu Yao, Xin Zhang, and Kun Yan Zhu. "Genome Organization, Phylogenies, Expression Patterns, and Three-Dimensional Protein Models of Two Acetylcholinesterase Genes from the Red Flour Beetle." PLoS ONE 7, no. 2 (February 16, 2012): e32288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032288.

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Bode, Daramola. "Effect of Mild Treatments on Some Physicochemical and Pasting Characteristics of Flour from Two Cocoyam Cultivars." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 54, no. 2 (August 29, 2011): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.54.2.2011.99.105.

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Effect of mild treatments namely; one-step annealing (AN), partial-nixtamalization (NIX) and phenolic-admixture (VAN) on some physicochemical and pasting characteristics of flour prepared using two cocoyam cultivars was studied. Both annealing treatment and phenolic admixture resulted in high peak viscosities (PVANwhite = 322.50 RVU; PVVAN = 306.67 RVU) of samples comparative to low peak viscosity white = 227.25 RVU) of the control for white cultivar. Similarly, the peak viscosities (PV red = 310.70; PVVANred = 296.45) of samples were higher than the peak viscosity (PVred = 225.42 RVU) of the control for red cultivar. Assessment revealed positive set back viscosities (SBVAN = + 9.30 RVU; SBVAN = + 21.33 RVU) for both the varieties after annealing treatment. Partial- NIX treatment showed molecular depolymerization. Interaction of treatments at levels employed in this study showed no synergistic effect. The pH of treated and control samples were within low acid range for foods. Mild treatment could be useful for tempering cocoyam flour for preparation of bakery and similar pasta products.

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Astuti, Ludji Pantja, and Mutala’liah Mutala’liah. "Host preference of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) on six kinds of flour." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 17, no. 3 (December 11, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.17.3.149.

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The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbts) is a major pest of flour from various grains. The infested flour is discoloured and will emit a disagreeable odour due to the secretion of benzoquinone from the insect’s abdominal glands. Considering the economic losses effected by T. castaneum, new alternative control measures are needed for this pest. This study sought to determine the host preferences of T. castaneum from amongst six kinds of flour to assess their vulnerability to infestation. The research was conducted in the Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The host preferences of T. castaneum were examined using a six-arm olfactometer. Feeding preference tests were performed for a duration of 12 hours at 200 ml/minute airflow in each chamber-arm, followed by oviposition preference observations one week later. Feeding preference was calculated for the total pool of adults observed, segregated by sex, whereas oviposition preference was calculated as the number of eggs laid. Flour nutrition (proximate composition, phenolic content, and riboflavin content) were analyzed. Our results showed a feeding preference by T. castaneum for bran, soy and tapioca flour was greater over wheat, corn, and white gelatinous rice flour, while for oviposition, bran flour was the most preferred.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Red flour beetle – Biological control'

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