Journal articles: 'Red liquor'

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Kou, Xiao Meng, Rui Feng Yang, Jie Lu, and Yan Jun Liu. "Alkali Precipitation Properties of Magnesium Lignosulfonate Isolated from Acid Sulfite Pulping Waste Liquor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.416.

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To establish a simple method to separate and purify the magnesium lignosulfonate from the red liquor, the properties of the alkali precipitation of magnesium lignosulfonate in the red liquor were investigated. The results show that the magnesium lignosulfonate could be precipitated by alkali from red liquor. The maximum amount of precipitation occurs when pH value was 13. The precipitation of the red liquor of acid magnesium sulfite is caused by magnesium. It was different from sodium lignosulfonate of the red liquor of acid sodium sulfite. The repeated alkaline precipitation after acid soluble method could be isolated and purified lignosulfonate magnesium effectively at some extent.

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Sun, Yuan-Yuan, Qing-Gui Xiao, Hai-Yan Tang, Xiao-Fei Zhao, Hong-Bin Xu, and Yi Zhang. "Adsorption of Red Pigment fromSchisandra chinensisExtract Liquor." Journal of Food Process Engineering 40, no. 3 (June 14, 2016): e12429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12429.

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Yang, Lei, Rui Feng Yang, Jie Lu, and Yan Jun Liu. "The Flocculation Properties of Magnesium Lignosulfonate in Red Liquid." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2224.

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In alkaline conditions, magnesium salt of red liquor will produce precipitation phenomenon and generate colloidal substances. The sediment was mainly lignin sulfonate. In order to extract and separate the lignin sulfonate of red liquid, when the pH of red liquid adjusted to different pH with different alkaline solution, study on its relation to pH and the amount of alkali and precipitation, discuss the relationship to the content of precipitation lignin in red liquid, the viscosity of upper liquid after centrifugation and temperature as well. Adjusting the pH values of red liquid to 13 with NaOH, adjusting it to 12 with KOH, then adjusting its pH to 13 and adding 20 mL Ca(NO3)2. We got that the last kind of condition generate the biggest quantity of precipitation. The changes of temperature and the amount of calcium nitrate can also affect the formation of precipitation, under the optimal conditions of pH, each group of experiments got the largest amount of precipitation at 40 °C; The amount of precipitation increased following the increasing of calcium nitrate content; Ash content increased following the increasing of precipitation content.

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Liu, Yang, Yang Li, Feng-shan Zhou, Ying-mo Hu, and Yi-he Zhang. "Sulfur Fixation by Chemically Modified Red Mud Samples Containing Inorganic Additives: A Parametric Study." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9817969.

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Sulfur retention ability of Bayer red mud from alumina plant was investigated. Bayer red mud modified by fusel salt and waste mother liquor of sodium ferrocyanide as the main sulfur fixation agent and the calcium based natural mineral materials as servicing additives; the experimental results showed the following: (1) Through 10 wt% waste mother liquor of sodium ferrocyanide modifying Bayer red mud, sulfur fixation rate can increase by 13 wt%. (2) Magnesium oxide can obviously improve the sulfur fixation performance of Bayer red mud and up to a maximum sulfur fixation rate of 47 wt% at adding 1 wt% magnesium oxide. (3) Dolomite enhanced the sulfur fixation performances with the sulfur fixation rate of 68 wt% in optimized condition. (4) Vermiculite dust reduced sulfur dioxide during the fixed-sulfur process of modified Bayer red mud, and the desulphurization ration could reach up to a maximum 76 wt% at 950°C. (5) An advanced three-component sulfur fixation agent was investigated, in which the optimized mass ratio of modified Bayer red mud, dolomite, and vermiculite dust was 70 : 28 : 2 in order, and its sulfur fixation efficiency has reached to a maximum 87 wt% under its 20 wt% dosage in the coal.

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Xie, Liqun, Tingan Zhang, Guozhi Lv, Jinlin Yang, and Yanxiu Wang. "The effect of NaOH on the direct calcification–carbonation method for processing of Bayer process red mud." Green Processing and Synthesis 7, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2017-0070.

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Abstract The Bayer red mud generated from the alumina industry is a hazardous solid waste. In our team, a green calcification–carbonation process is proposed for its disposal. Red mud is treated with lime to convert the silicon phase in solution into hydrogarnet, which is then decomposed by CO2 to recover alumina. In order to simplify the process flow, the direct carbonation process is employed, in which the NaOH-containing solution resulting from calcification is sent directly to carbonation without prior liquid–solid separation. The discrete and direct carbonation processes gave 34.9% and 35.5% alumina recoveries, respectively, with Na2O contents in the final red muds of 0.15%wt and 0.21%wt, respectively. The optimum NaOH concentration in the whole calcification–carbonation process liquor was 40 g/l. Under this alkali condition, alumina recovery reached 40.5% and the Na2O content in the processed red mud was reduced to <1 %wt.

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Gamgoum, Ramy, Animesh Dutta, Rafael Santos, and Yi Chiang. "Hydrothermal Conversion of Neutral Sulfite Semi-Chemical Red Liquor into Hydrochar." Energies 9, no. 6 (June 3, 2016): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9060435.

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Usdyana Attahmid, Nur Fitriani, Dewan Saputra, and Muhammad Yusuf. "Aktivitas Antioxidant, Polifenol Dan Evaluasi Sensori Cokelat Oles Fortifikasi Red Palm Olein Dari Biji Kakao Pilihan Klon Sulawesi Barat." Agrokompleks 20, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51978/japp.v20i2.216.

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Sulawesi Barat merupakan salah satu penghasil kakao utama dengan kontribusi sekitar 22 % terhadap produksi kakao di wilayah Sulawesi. Pengembangan kakao fermentasi dan tanpa fermentasi dalam pembuatan produk cokelat oles memberikan alternatif baru sebagai pangan fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk karakterisasi aktivitas antioksidan, polifenol, karotenoid dan sensori pada produk cokelat oles menggunakan biji kakao pilihan melalui variasi cocoa liquor, gula aren dan red palm olein sehingga diperoleh produk cokelat oles fungsional. Parameter analisis karakteristik cokelat oles menggunakan Uji kuantitatif kadar polifenol total dengan metode Folin Ciocalteau, kadar total flavanoid, asam lemak bebas dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH IC50, serta analisis organoleptik menggunakan metode hedonik tingkat kesukaan. Fortifikasi cokelat oles menghasilkan kadar asam lemak bebas 0.88%, polifenol 2,6%, karotenoid 122.12 mg/g dan aktivitas antioksidan terkuat kisaran 24.1-26.4%. Cokelat oles variasi cocoa liquor, gula aren dan subtitusi lemak kakao dengan red palm olein, secara umum disukai oleh panelis dari segi rasa dan aroma. pemanfaatan gula aren dan red palm olein memberikan efek fungsional yang baik untuk produk cokelat oles sehingga sangat baik dikonsumsi untuk kesehatan karena bersifat pangan fungsional.

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Chaikin, Leonid, Andrei Shoppert, Dmitry Valeev, Irina Loginova, and Julia Napol’skikh. "Concentration of Rare Earth Elements (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm) in Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Water and Alkali Leaching of Bauxite Sintering Dust." Minerals 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10060500.

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One of the potential sources of rare-earth elements (REE) is the industrial waste known as red mud (bauxite residue), in which the majority of REE from the initial bauxite are concentrated via the Bayer process. Therefore, the studies of the subject, both in Russia and outside, focus almost exclusively on red mud processing. This article looks into the possibility of REE concentration into red mud by leaching an intermediate product of the bauxite sintering process at Russian alumina refineries, namely electrostatic precipitator (ESP) dust. The experimental works were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD)and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of the sinter and sinter dust. The determination of major and rare-earth elements in the sinter from the rotary kilns and in the ESP dust before and after leaching was carried out by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study showed that it is possible to obtain red mud that contains three times more REE than traditional waste red mud after two-stage leaching ESP dust in the water at 95 °C followed by leaching in an alkaline-aluminate liquor at 240 °C. The shrinking core model was used to study the kinetics of leaching of the original ESP dust and water-treated dust in alkaline-aluminate liquor. The study showed the change in the limiting stage of the alkaline leaching process after water treatment, with the activation energy growing from 24.98 to 33.19 kJ/mol.

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Hou, Xiuliang, Li Wei, Xinlong Zhang, Huihui Wu, Qicheng Zhou, and Shan-yuan Wang. "Dyeing Properties to Wool Fabrics of Catechu Dye Purified by Micro-Filtration Membrane." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-12-01-2008-b004.

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Catechu liquor, which is deep brown-red in color, was purified with a micro-filtration membrane and the stability of catechu dye to different levels of temperatures and pH were investigated in this paper. The effects of the dyeing conditions on color characteristic values and color fastnesses of the dyed wool fabrics were also investigated. The results show that the liquor of catechu dye is stable at pH values of 3-7 and its color changes to a deeper brown-red when its pH value is above 8. The preferable dyeing conditions for wool fabric with refined powder catechu dye are as follows: dyeing temperature of 100±C, pH value of 6.5 for the dye bath and catechu dye of 1-4% (o.w.f). The dyed wool fabric has good color fastnesses to washing, alkali perspiration and dry rubbing. However, its color fastness rating to wet rubbing is poor, ranging from 2-3. Further research will be needed on this aspect.

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Klatsky, Arthur L., Mary Anne Armstrong, and Gary D. Friedman. "Red Wine, White Wine, Liquor, Beer, and Risk for Coronary Artery Disease Hospitalization." American Journal of Cardiology 80, no. 4 (August 1997): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00388-3.

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Guan, Xue Mei, and Ming Hui Guo. "Study on the Relationship between Surface Color of Veneer and Dyeing Technique for Pinus sylvest var. mongolica." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1270.

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Dyeing experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dyeing concentration, Penetrant concentration, ash concentration, salt concentration, dyeing temperature and dyeing time, Fixing time, liquor ratio on surface coloration of Pinus sylvest var. mongolica as test material and reactive brilliant red X-3B as reagents. Color difference was measured by amulti-lightsource spectrophotometer, and results showed that dye concentration for the effects of color difference was monotonous relationship, and the other the impact of changed in both convex and concave, and finally to determined the optimal color for the dyeing process: dyeing concentration1%, Penetrant concentration0.1%, ash concentration, 2.5% salt concentration1.5%, dyeing temperature85°C and dyeing time60min, Fixing time40min, liquor ratio17:1.

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Carew, Richard, and Wojciech J. Florkowski. "The Importance of Australian Corporate Brand and Grape Varietal Wines: Hedonic Pricing in the British Columbia Wine Market." Journal of Wine Economics 3, no. 2 (2008): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1931436100001218.

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AbstractA hedonic analysis is applied to a unique data set of Australian wines imported by the British Columbia Liquor Distribution Branch. The data included the important corporate red wine brands produced in Australia. Hedonic price functions are estimated for red Australian wines to show how price premia associated with the attributes of wine brands including the grape variety and alcohol content differ by corporate brands. Results show the positive effects on price of highly reputable brands, positive effect of grape variety Shiraz, and premia for alcohol content. (JEL Classification: D49, L15, L66, QII)

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Hamano, P. S., and B. V. Kilikian. "Production of red pigments by Monascus ruber in culture media containing corn steep liquor." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 23, no. 4 (December 2006): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322006000400002.

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Rai, Suchita, Kailas L. Wasewar, Dilip H. Lataye, Rajshekhar S. Mishra, Suresh P. Puttewar, Mukesh J. Chaddha, P. Mahindiran, and Jyoti Mukhopadhyay. "Neutralization of red mud with pickling waste liquor using Taguchi’s design of experimental methodology." Waste Management & Research 30, no. 9 (June 29, 2012): 922–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x12448518.

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Tsakiridis, P. E., P. Oustadakis, A. Katsiapi, M. Perraki, and S. Agatzini-Leonardou. "Synthesis of TiO2 nano-powders prepared from purified sulphate leach liquor of red mud." Journal of Hazardous Materials 194 (October 2011): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.072.

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Larsen, Brittany, Brandon Klinedinst, Scott Le, Colleen Pappas, Nathan Meier, Ye-Lim Lim, Tovah Wolf, and Auriel Willette. "Pick Your Poison Carefully: How Alcohol Consumption and Serum Biomarkers Influence Body Fat – A UK Biobank Study." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3280.

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Abstract Aging is characterized by physiological alterations in body composition, such as increased visceral adiposity accumulation and bone loss. Alcohol consumption is thought to partially drive these associations, but findings have been mixed. To clarify inconsistent findings, different types of alcohol--beer, liquor, and wine--may show different association patterns with body composition. Our longitudinal U.K. Biobank study leveraged 1,874 White British participants (aged 40-79 years; 58.9% male). Participants self-reported demographic, alcohol and dietary consumption patterns, and lifestyle factors using a touchscreen questionnaire. Anthropometrics and serum for proteomics were collected and body composition was obtained via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Structural equation modeling was used to probe direct and indirect associations between adiposity and bone, alcohol types, and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Over a mean duration of four years, greater consumption of beer and liquor were significantly associated with more visceral adiposity (β=.069, p<.001 and β=.014, p<.001, respectively); these associations were driven by dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In contrast, greater red wine consumption predicted less adipose mass (β=-.023, p<.001), and this association was mediated by reduced inflammation and higher high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol. White wine consumption did not influence visceral adiposity but did predict greater bone mineral density (BMD) (β=.051, p=.003). Taken together, these data suggest that beer and liquor may drive the “empty calorie” hypothesis related to adipogenesis, while red wine may be protective due to anti-inflammatory and eulipidemic effects. Furthermore, white wine may benefit bone mineral density in older adults.

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Filiberti, Rosa A., Vincenzo Fontana, Antonella De Ceglie, Sabrina Blanchi, Enzo Grossi, Domenico Della Casa, Teresa Lacchin, et al. "Alcohol consumption pattern and risk of Barrett’s oesophagus and erosive oesophagitis: an Italian case–control study." British Journal of Nutrition 117, no. 8 (April 28, 2017): 1151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517000940.

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AbstractKnowledge about the association between alcohol and Barrett’s oesophagus and reflux oesophagitis is conflicting. In this case–control study we evaluated the role of specific alcoholic beverages (red and white wine, beer and liquors) in 339 Barrett’s oesophagus and 462 oesophagitis patients compared with 619 endoscopic controls with other disorders, recruited in twelve Italian endoscopic units. Data on alcohol and other individual characteristics were obtained from structured questionnaires. No clear, monotonic significant dose–response relationship was pointed out for red wine. However, a generalised U-shaped trend of Barrett’s oesophagus/oesophagitis risk due to red wine consumption particularly among current drinkers was found. Similar results were also found for white wine. Liquor/spirit consumption seemed to bring about a 1·14–2·30 risk excess, although statistically non-significant, for current Barrett’s oesophagus/oesophagitis drinkers. Statistically significant decreasing dose–response relationships were found in Barrett’s oesophagus for frequency and duration of beer consumption. Similar, but less clear downward tendencies were also found for oesophagitis patients. In conclusion, although often not statistically significant, our data suggested a reduced risk of Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophagitis with a low/moderate intake of wine and beer consumption. A non-significant increased risk of Barrett’s oesophagus/oesophagitis was observed with a higher intake of any type of heavy alcohol consumption, but no conclusion can be drawn owing to the high number of non-spirit drinkers and to the small number of drinkers at higher alcohol intake levels.

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Lou, Ching Wen, Ching Wen Lin, Chao Chiung Huang, Shih Yu Huang, Ping Jung Chan, and Jia Horng Lin. "Technical Application Process for Eco-Friendly Cotton by Antimicrobial." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.158.

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Apparel textiles in service will adsorb metabolism perspiration from human body, thus prompting microbial propagation and leading to fiber degradation and splash. More seriously, this microbe gives rise to allergy and red swelling on human skin, which makes our body unwell. Staphylococcus aureus is one of common bacteria on human skin, but its excessive breeding on skin will bring red swelling and inflammation. In order to avoid this situation happening, we add antibacterial ingredients in textiles which were not harmful to human and cannot have negative effect on human. And this study aims at seeking for anti-staphylococcus aureus plants, trying to add ingredients from plants in textiles to discuss their antimicrobial change and investigating whether to be potential in textiles application. Phyllanthus Urinaria Linn (PUL) is common in tropical East Asia and can suppress the growth of bacteria regarding staphylococcus aureus, typhoid bacillus, pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. It is shown that when PUL was treated at 60°C for 6 hours in 300 ml 95 % ethyl alcohols, extract rate was up to 12.53 %. And qualitative antimicrobial was effective between 12g/100ml and 0.09375g/100ml PUL extract liquor. And the fabric qualitative antimicrobial was obviously valid when extract concentration was above 0.75g/100 ml. Therefore, cotton treated by 1.5g/100ml PUL extract liquor had prominent antimicrobial effect.

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Oladosu, L. A., and J. U. Akpokodje. "Rumen Cannulation of the Red Sokoto (Maradi) Goats for Nutritional Studies in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 2, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v2i2.2162.

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TWO techniques for cannulating the rumen of the Red Sokoto goat of Nigeria are described. Stump type cannulae made of rigidblack., vulcathene1 material with screwable corks were found to be more suitable than the flexible cannulae made of plastisol2. They appeared to be well tolerated and remained in situ inspite of the animals’ nervous temperament and somewhat flabby abdominal wall. Experiences with some forty five of such cannulations performed between October 1970 and January 1975 are reported. These showed that although the double abdominal wall incision approach offered a better technique for cannulae implantation into the rumen of goats, strict routine post-operative attention was essential to avoid a range of post cannulation problems, such as pericannulae necrosis and infection, excessive leakage of the rumen liquor and partial or complete rejection of feed by the cannulated animals consequent upon such complications.

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Zhu, Xiaobo, Wang Li, Qian Zhang, Chuanxiang Zhang, and Lunjian Chen. "Separation characteristics of vanadium from leach liquor of red mud by ion exchange with different resins." Hydrometallurgy 176 (March 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.01.009.

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Priyanto, Slamet, Bambang Pramudono, Tutuk Djoko Kusworo, Suherman, Hapsoro Aruno Aji, Edi Untoro, and Puspa Ratu. "Synthesis Study Of Surfactants Sodium Ligno Sulphonate (SLS) From Biomass Waste Using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR)." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815603030.

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Lignin from biomass waste (Black Liquor) was isolated by using sulfuric acid 25% and sodium hydroxide solutions 2N. The obtained lignin was reacted with Sodium Bisulfite to Sodium Ligno Sulfonate (SLS). The best result was achieved at 80 ° C, pH 9, ratio of lignin and bisulfite 4: 1, for 2 hours, and 290 rpm stirring rate. The result of lignin formed was sulfonated using Sodium Bisulfite (NaHSO3) to Sodium Ligno Sulfonate (SLS) whose results were tested by the role of groups in peak formation by FTIR and compared to the spectrum of Sodium Ligno Sulfonate made from pure Lignin (commercial) reacted with the commercial Sodium Bisulfite. The result can be seen by the typical functional groups present in the SLS.

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Rai, Suchita, KL Wasewar, and A. Agnihotri. "Treatment of alumina refinery waste (red mud) through neutralization techniques: A review." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 6 (March 21, 2017): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17696147.

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In the Bayer process of extraction of alumina from bauxite, the insoluble product generated after bauxite digestion with sodium hydroxide at elevated temperature and pressure is known as ‘red mud’ or ‘bauxite residue’. This alumina refinery waste is highly alkaline in nature with a pH of 10.5–12.5 and is conventionally disposed of in mostly clay-lined land-based impoundments. The alkaline constituents in the red mud impose severe and alarming environmental problems, such as soil and air pollution. Keeping in view sustainable re-vegetation and residue management, neutralization/treatment of red mud using different techniques is the only alternative to make the bauxite residue environmentally benign. Hence, neutralization techniques, such as using mineral acids, acidic waste (pickling liquor waste), coal dust, superphosphate and gypsum as amenders, CO2, sintering with silicate material and seawater for treatment of red mud have been studied in detail. This paper is based upon and emphasizes the experimental work carried out for all the neutralization techniques along with a comprehensive review of each of the processes. The scope, applicability, limitations and feasibility of these processes have been compared exhaustively. Merits and demerits have been discussed using flow diagrams. All the techniques described are technically feasible, wherein findings obtained with seawater neutralization can be set as a benchmark for future work. Further studies should be focused on exploring the economical viability of these processes for better waste management and disposal of red mud.

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Soedirham, Oedojo, and Verdian Nendra Dimas Pratama. "SENSE OF COHERENCE ON LIQUOR ABUSE AMONG TEENAGERS IN SALUTOGENESIS CONTEXT." Jurnal NERS 9, no. 1 (January 27, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v9i1.2952.

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Introduction: Liquor abuse in Indonesia, especially among teenagers is now a public health problem that is quite alarming even been able to say ‘red lights.’ Impact of follow such behavior is increasing deviation forms such as delinquency, fights, the emergence of juvenile gangs, acts immoral, and rampant thuggery in teenagers. Method: Type in this study was a descriptive cross-sectional with a purposive sample collection methods. Nonetheless applied inclusion criteria to be getting more specifi c respondents. Results: The results showed that the teens did not have a positive life orientation evidenced by the majority of them do not want to change and do not know whether to change or not. The attitude may be due to the infl uence of a very strong group. Discussion: Based on the 29 SOC questions concluded that on average the respondents did not want to turn in because of stress. “Sense of coherence” is a formulation provides a theoretical explanation for the central role of stress in human functioning. The pressures of life signifi cantly reduces the belief that the world is understandable, meaningful, and manageable, and can lead to psychological distress. Thus, a sense of coherence is also a mediator of the effects of life stress on mental health.Keywords: liquor abuse, teenagers, sense of coherence

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Meher, S. N., A. K. Rout, and B. K. Padhi. "Recovery of Al and Na Values from Red Mud by BaO-Na2CO3Sinter Process." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (2011): 1387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/528134.

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The red mud BaO-Na2CO3sinter process can be used in combination with the Bayer process to recover sodium and aluminium from the red mud waste and direct it back to the process stream. This is facilitated by the high temperature reaction of BaO-Na2CO3and De-silication product (Sodalite) (DSP) in the red mud to produce an insoluble di-barium silicate, barium titanate, barium ferrite and a soluble sodium aluminate. A variation of the red mud BaO-Na2CO3sintering process using half the barium oxide of existing methods has been investigated. The barium to silicon ratio was reduced from 2 to 1 producing a sodium barium silicate (Na2BaSiO4) rather than the di-barium silicate (Ba2SiO4) insoluble phase produced in the existing BaO-Na2CO3sinter method. Synthetic BaO-Na2CO3sinter products were investigated to understand the phases produced during sintering at varying temperatures and the chemistry of extraction. The target phases and morphological behaviors of sinter products were seen in XRD and SEM and the highest extractions were produced from a sinter temperature of 1000 °C for 4 h. A two-stage (105 °C / 60 min, 105 °C / 240 min) water or caustic leaching process was found to be most effective for extraction. Sodium and aluminium extractions were 99% and 99.5% respectively. The experimental method devised was then used to treat red mud and the target phases were produced. An extraction of sodium and aluminium of 94% and 87% respectively was achieved. Silicon extractions were below 2%. Production benefits include sodium hydroxide savings, liquor burning, increased aluminium extraction and reduced cost of waste handling.

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Shang, Pengkun, Wen He, Xudong Zhang, Guihua Yang, Guogang Xu, Chunlian Wang, and Xinli Yi. "FeS Nanospheres/Fe/Hard Carbon Mesoporous Sheet Nanocomposites from Sulfate Pulping Red Liquor for Cheap Li-ion Batteries." Journal of Electronic Materials 48, no. 6 (April 5, 2019): 4073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07178-7.

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Reyes-Cuellar, Julia Constanza. "Nanobiosensing of phenol and its derivatives in a Kraft synthetic black liquor." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 8, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.96.

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Phenol is an important raw material in the manufacturing industry, and it is found in industrial streams, both as a by-product and in wastewater flows. Due to their toxicity, the presence of phenol and its derivatives in water resources influences the quality of natural water, causing negative effects on human life. Thus, easily accessible measurement tools for phenol could be made available in rural communities where access to technology is limited. Sensors offer this opportunity, as they provide fast, reliable and easy use. In this study, a colorimetric nanobiosensor was developed based on polydiacetylene (PDA) liposomes, functionalized with Horseradish peroxidase (HRP).The recognition element was the HRP enzyme, immobilized at the surface of a cell-like nanostructure; biological interaction HRP-phenol was detected and the colorimetric PDA present in the liposome acted as a transducer element. After biological interaction, the polymer backbone is transformed from the blue to red phase; this colorimetric transition is observed visually and registered spectrometrically. The nanobiosensor was used to detect the phenol concentration in the 0.25 to 2 mM range in an industrial stream from the Kraft process, simulated under lab conditions. The response of the biosensor gives 7 % error in comparison with a spectrometric method.

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Hsiung, Han-Hsing, and Cheng-Chi Chen. "Absorption Kinetics of Direct Dye on Cotton from Finite Baths." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 2 (February 1997): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706700202.

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Absorption time curves from finite baths are determined for untreated and cross-linked cotton fabrics dyed with Direct Red 81 under different conditions. A new method is described for kinetic analysis of absorption time curves. Structural coefficients, electrical coefficients, and dyeing rate constants are determined from the time curves. Crosslinking reduces the electrical coefficients, dyeing rate constants, and activation energy, but increases the structural coefficients (decreases the pore size). The structural coefficient is only affected by crosslinking in this study. The electrical coefficient and dyeing rate constant values are affected very little by dye concentration in aqueous solution in the cases of crosslinked and untreated cotton. However, both electrical coefficient and dyeing rate constant are affected by dyeing temperature and liquor ratio in the two cases.

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Zou, Dan, Ji Chen, and Deqian Li. "Solvent extraction of titanium(IV) from sulfuric acid solution with Cyanex923 and its application in leach liquor of red mud." Separation and Purification Technology 277 (December 2021): 119470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119470.

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Scalzini, Giulia, Alejandro López-Prieto, Maria A. Paissoni, Vasileios Englezos, Simone Giacosa, Luca Rolle, Vincenzo Gerbi, et al. "Can a Corn-Derived Biosurfactant Improve Colour Traits of Wine? First Insight on Its Application during Winegrape Skin Maceration versus Oenological Tannins." Foods 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121747.

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In winemaking, oenological tannins are used to preserve wine colour by enhancing the antioxidant activity, taking part in copigmentation, and forming polymeric pigments with anthocyanins. As a novel processing aid, in this study, a biosurfactant extract was evaluated as a solubilizing and stabilizing agent of anthocyanins in red wine. The biosurfactant extract under evaluation was obtained from a fermented residual stream of the corn milling industry named corn steep liquor (CSL). Two red winegrape varieties (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Aglianico and Cabernet sauvignon) were studied for anthocyanin content and profile, and colour traits, during simulated skin maceration for 7 days at 25 °C, as well as polymerization and copigmentation at the end of maceration. A model wine solution was used as a control, which was added either with the CSL biosurfactant or with four different oenological tannins (from grape skin, grape seed, quebracho, and acacia). The results showed that CSL biosurfactant addition improved the colour properties of skin extracts by the formation of more stable compounds mainly through copigmentation interactions. These preliminary results highlighted that the effectiveness of CSL biosurfactant is variety-dependent; however, there is no significant protection of individual anthocyanin compounds as observed for delphinidin and petunidin forms using quebracho tannin.

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Noh, Jin Ho, Dong Sung Kim, and Yong Joo Sung. "The Isolation of Kraft Lignin from Black Liquor during Korean Red Pine Kraft Pulping and Evaluation of the Isolated Kraft Lignin." Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 49, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7584/jktappi.2017.08.49.4.170.

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Zhang, X. C., and B. J. Xu. "Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacities of white and red ginseng as affected by marinating media (vinegar, yellow wine, and Chinese liquor)." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 42, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): e13331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13331.

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Gordon, Iain J., F. Javier Pérez-Barbería, and Paloma Cuartas. "The influence of adaptation of rumen microflora on in vitro digestion of different forages by sheep and red deer." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 1930–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-179.

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The rumen microflora ecosystem adapts to the diet consumed by the animal. We tested the extent to which this adaptation facilitates or retards the digestion of plant-based forages. Following adaptation of sheep (Ovis aries) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) to diets containing different mixtures of alfalfa, grass, and heather (a dwarf shrub), an in vitro digestion technique was used to compare the ability of the rumen microflora to digest the mixtures of substrates to which they were adapted with their ability to digest different mixtures of the same substrates. In vitro digestion of different substrates was slightly greater in rumen liquor derived from sheep than in that derived from red deer for each of the different substrates, but the effect was not significant. Digestibility in sheep was independent of how the feed was presented (diet of equal proportions of alfalfa, grass, and heather in each meal (D-EQ): mean in vitro digestibility = 37.3%; alfalfa, grass, and heather presented sequentially on different days (D-SEQ): mean in vitro digestibility = 37.7%, SE of differences = 1.30%, p > 0.05). However, in red deer there was a significant effect of method of diet presentation (D-EQ: mean in vitro digestibility = 36.9%; D-SEQ: mean in vitro digestibility = 34.2%, SE of differences = 1.30%, p < 0.05), digestibility being substantially lower for D-SEQ than for D-EQ. Overall, the results demonstrated that whilst there were no species-specific differences in overall digestion efficiency, dietary adaptation had an effect on substrate digestion efficiency, with rumen microbes adapted to high-quality diets digesting these more efficiently than low-quality diets.

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Downer, Mary K., Stacey A. Kenfield, Meir J. Stampfer, Kathryn M. Wilson, Barbra A. Dickerman, Edward L. Giovannucci, Eric B. Rimm, et al. "Alcohol Intake and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 17 (June 10, 2019): 1499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.18.02462.

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PURPOSE It is unknown whether alcohol intake is associated with the risk of lethal (metastatic or fatal) prostate cancer. We examine (1) whether alcohol intake among men at risk of prostate cancer is associated with diagnosis of lethal prostate cancer and (2) whether intake among men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer is associated with metastasis or death. METHODS This prospective cohort study uses the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986 to 2012). Our analysis of alcohol intake among men at risk of prostate cancer included 47,568 cancer-free men. Our analysis of alcohol intake among men with prostate cancer was restricted to 5,182 men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer during follow-up. We examine the association of total alcohol, red and white wine, beer, and liquor with lethal prostate cancer and death. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS Alcohol drinkers had a lower risk of lethal prostate cancer (any v none: HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.71 to 0.99]) without a dose-response relationship. Total alcohol intake among patients with prostate cancer was not associated with progression to lethal prostate cancer (any v none: HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.57 to 1.72]), whereas moderate red wine intake was associated with a lower risk (any v none: HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.86]; P trend = .05). Compared with none, 15 to 30 g/d of total alcohol after prostate cancer diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of death (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.50 to 1.00]), as was red wine (any v none: HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.57 to 0.97]; P trend = .007). CONCLUSION Cancer-free men who consumed alcohol had a slightly lower risk of lethal prostate cancer compared with abstainers. Among men with prostate cancer, red wine was associated with a lower risk of progression to lethal disease. These observed associations merit additional study but provide assurance that moderate alcohol consumption is safe for patients with prostate cancer.

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Roy, Somnath, Narayanannair Muraleedharan, Gautam Handique, Azizur Rahman, and Archita Barua. "Aqueous extracts of Duranta repens (Verbenaceae) as an alternative to control tea red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae)." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 36, no. 02 (March 16, 2016): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758416000047.

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AbstractWe evaluated an aqueous extract ofDuranta repensL. in the laboratory against the tea red spider mite,Oligonychus coffeaeNietner, to determine its effect on adult mortality, viability of eggs, oviposition deterrence and repellent properties. We also evaluated the same extract in the field to determine its effect on mite populations. The direct spray method was used in the laboratory at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/l. Mortality ofO. coffeaewas dependent on both concentration and time after application. Deposition of eggs by adult mites on treated leaf surfaces decreased and the viability of eggs was also reduced. Its bioefficacy was comparable to that of the commonly used commercial neem oil formulation (azadirachtin 0.03EC). In addition, different concentrations of the aqueous extract ofD. repensalso exhibited repellent properties against adult mites. In the field, the application of the aqueous extract ofD. repensreduced the mite population and its bioefficacy was comparable to that of the synthetic pesticide Propargite 57 EC. No phytotoxic effect was observed when tea bushes were sprayed with different concentrations ofD. repens. Tea samples were taint free. Treatment of plants with the extract did not affect the quality (appearance of liquor, flavour, taint and taste) of made tea. Availability and distribution of this plant in and around tea growing areas of Assam, along with its processing, and the possibility of includingD. repensextracts in the current IPM programme are discussed.

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Zhang, ZH, ZQ Xu, XX Huang, and XM Tao. "Dyeing processes of 100% bio-based and degradable polylactide/poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) textiles." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 17 (August 9, 2016): 2066–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516663158.

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This paper reports an investigation of dyeing processes of textiles made from a novel 100% bio-based and fully degradable polylactide/poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PLA/PHBV) fiber. The dye exhaustion, depth of shade and fastness, as well as bursting strength of dyed PLA/PHBV fabrics have been evaluated in terms of types and concentration of dyestuff, dyeing bath temperature, duration, liquor ratio and pH value. Finally, the energy cost of the whole dyeing process of the proposed material is calculated and compared with that of polyethylene terephthalate. The experimental results show that an excellent dyeing effect and bursting strength can be achieved by properly applied dyes (e.g. C.I. Disperse Orange 30, Red 74, and Blue 79) under optimal low-dyeing-temperature conditions (100℃, 10 min, pH 5, LR 30:1). In addition, considering the low energy cost during the whole process, PLA/PHBV fibers can be regarded as a promising and environment-friendly material for the textile industry.

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Giraldo-Arias, Juliana, Santiago Celis-Zapata, Nicolás Franco-Sierra, Juan J. Arroyave-Toro, Claudia Jaramillo-Mazo, and Javier Correa-Álvarez. "Identification of Fusarium cf. Verticillioides as The Causal Agent of Pokka Boheng Disease in Sugarcane in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia." Ingeniería y Ciencia 14, no. 28 (December 23, 2018): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.14.28.5.

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The cultivation of sugarcane represents an important part in the Colombian economy due to the diverse applications in industries like liquor, food, paper and biofuels. Sugarcane worldwide production is affected by the presence of phytopathogenic agents, mainly filamentous fungi such as Physalospora tucumanensis (red rot disease) and Fusarium spp. To date in Colombia, Pokka boheng disease whose causal agent is the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, has not been reported, which is why it is necessary to identify appropriately this microorganism, responsible for losses in productivity and food contamination. In order to isolate and identify the infectious agent from symptomatic tissues, disinfection and culture in liquid and solid culture mediums were performed in malt extract (2%) and yeast extract (0.2%) both liquid and solid, for 7 days. After several replicates in agar plate, a purification was made along with a morphological characterization based on the shape and color of the mycelium, as well as the type of spores generated. Additionally, the genetic material was extracted and gene markers (ITS, Elongation Factor 1-α (EF) and β-Tubulin (Btub)) were amplified by PCR. Then, DNA sequencing was used to obtain the data to make a phylogenetic reconstruction by probabilistic methods (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference). The isolated strain, named as EA-FP0013 was located in the Fujikuroi complex group, with high probable identity to Fusarium verticillioides. Thus, early and species-specific identification of these fungal isolates by molecular methods may allow the timely diagnosis of emerging pathophysiological diseases of interest in the region, and thus propose the respective control strategies.

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Wang, Huabin, Jiayi Cai, Zhuwei Liao, Ali Jawad, Jerosha Ifthikar, Zhulei Chen, and Zhuqi Chen. "Black liquor as biomass feedstock to prepare zero-valent iron embedded biochar with red mud for Cr(VI) removal: Mechanisms insights and engineering practicality." Bioresource Technology 311 (September 2020): 123553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123553.

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Liu, Bing, De Ding, Ping Zhao, Xinguo Zhang, Zhenji Tian, Xingxing Xia, and Zihao Zhang. "Evaluation of Immune Function of Mycelium Fermentation of Hirsutella sinensisin In Vitro and In Vivo." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2020.3240.

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In order to confirm whether HSFL (the fermented liquor of mycelia of Hirsutella sinensis) still contains cordycepin, Cordyceps polysaccharide and other functional components, and has the functions of anti-oxidation, tumor inhibition and immunity enhancement, the biological activity of HSFL In Vivo and in vitro was studied in this study. The transformation ability of mouse spleen lymphocytes induced by ConA, the activity of NK cells in mouse spleen, the delayed allergic reaction induced by DNFB and the phagocytosis of chicken red cells by mouse peritoneal macrophages were studied. The results showed that when the concentration of HSFL was 0.5972 mg/kg and 1.1944 mg/kg, the transformation of lymphocytes induced by ConA and the activity of NK cells were significantly increased. HSFL also can significantly improve DNFB induced anaphylaxis in mice and phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes by peritoneal macrophages in mice when the dose of HSFL is 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg, indicating that HSFL has the biological activity of enhancing immunity in vitro and In Vivo.

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Manara, M., G. Carrara, C. A. Scirè, M. A. Cimmino, M. Govoni, C. Montecucco, M. Matucci-Cerinic, G. Minisola, and The KING Study group. "Lifestyle and dietary habits of patients with gout followed in rheumatology settings." Reumatismo 67, no. 4 (May 23, 2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2015.861.

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Diet and lifestyles modification are core aspects of the non-pharmacological management of gout, but a poor consistency with suggested guidelines is reported. This study aimed to investigate dietary and lifestyle habits of patients with gout followed in rheumatology settings. Data were retrieved from the baseline dataset of the KING study, a multicentre cohort study of patients with gout followed in rheumatology settings. Dietary habits were assessed with the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) food-frequency questionnaire and compared with reported data about general population. The relative increase of exposure was estimated by standardized prevalence ratios adjusted for gender, age and geographical distribution. The study population included 446 patients, with a mean age of 63.9 years and a M/F ratio of 9:1. Compared to the Italian population, gouty patients showed a higher prevalence of obesity [1.82 (1.52-2.18)] and a higher consumption of wine [1.85 (1.48-2.32)] and beer [2.21 (1.68-2.90)], but a lower prevalence of smoking and a lower intake of liquor. They showed a lower intake of red meat [0.80 (0.71-0.91)], but a similar intake of other tested dietary factors. Gouty patients’ lifestyle is still partially different from the recommended.

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Hirche, Martin, Juliane Haensch, and Larry Lockshin. "Comparing the day temperature and holiday effects on retail sales of alcoholic beverages – a time-series analysis." International Journal of Wine Business Research 33, no. 3 (January 18, 2021): 432–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-07-2020-0035.

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Purpose Little research on the influence of external factors, such as weather and holiday periods, on retail sales on alcoholic beverages is available. This study aims to investigate how weekly retail sales of different alcoholic beverages vary in association with daily maximum temperatures and annual federal holidays across selected US counties in the years 2013 to 2015. The research provides information, which can contribute to better sales forecasts. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data of weekly retail sales (volume) of alcoholic beverages from 37,346 stores in 651 counties in the USA are analysed. The data cover on average 21% of all existing US counties and 12% of the total US off-trade retail sales of alcoholic beverages in the period studied (Euromonitor, 2017). Additional data of federal holidays and meteorological data are collated for each county in the sample. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models with exogenous regressors (SARIMAX) are applied to develop forecasting models and to investigate possible relationships and effects. Findings The results indicate that off-trade retail sales of beer, liquor, red and white wine are temperature sensitive throughout the year, while contrary to expectations rosé, sparkling and other wines are not. Sales sensitivities to temperature also differ by geography. In the warmest regions, liquor and white wine sales do not respond to temperature changes, as opposed to the coolest regions, where they are responsive. Public holidays, particularly Easter, Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year holidays, represent a constant influencing factor on short-term sales increases for all investigated alcoholic beverage categories. Originality/value This is the first large-scale study of weather and holiday-related sales variations over time, across geographies and different alcoholic beverage categories. Seasonal and non-seasonal short-term sales variations are important for retailers and manufacturers alike. Accounting for expected changes in demand accommodates efficiencies along the supply chain and has implications for retail management, as well as adjusting marketing efforts in competing categories.

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Fitriani Nur, U. A., M. Yusuf, Pirman, Syahriati, and S. Rahmiah. "Physicochemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of chocolate spread fortified with jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) flour." Food Research 4, no. 6 (September 14, 2020): 2147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(6).262.

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Chocolate spread is often considered as an unhealthy product with low antioxidant activity and phenolic content since it does not contain cocoa liquor. This research aimed to investigate the potential on the physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) flour and red palm olein in the chocolate spread formulations. The effect of the jack fruit and red palm olein incorporation on the quality attributes and high nutritional value of chocolate spread was also examined. Physicochemical properties of the fortified chocolate spread, as well as the evaluation of physical parameters in the chocolate spread, were investigated. Melting points were analyzed by DSC (Differential scanning calorimeter) method, colour lightness was analyzed by chromameter hunter method, profile bioactive compound was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and whilst for viscosity by Brookfield Viscometer method. The analysis results obtained that the sample code F5 (10% jackfruit flour: 26% sugar) contains of 43.47% fat, 0,88% free fatty acids, polyphenol 127 mg/g, 160.16 mg/g carotenoids, 42.75 μg/mL antioxidant activity IC50, and 6.19 degree of acidity per 100 g chocolate spreads and high panelists preference. However, the fortified chocolate spread had different characteristics from each other either in the chemical, physical or sensory properties. The best formulation code is F5 with 10% jackfruit flour, fortification significantly increased the antioxidant activity, carotenoid, polyphenols, viscosity, colour and melting points. Additionally, chocolate spread with 10% of jackfruit flour by-product presented the highest-ranking test rate of the three sensory attributes of aroma, taste and texture. Therefore, the use of jackfruit by-products in the development of chocolate spread is a viable alternative which can be explored for nutritional, technological and sensory purposes by the food industry.

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Islam, Sana, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh, Nabeela Firdous, Azhar Ali, and Yumna Sadef. "A new approach for the removal of unfixed dyes from reactive dyed cotton by Fenton oxidation." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 9, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2019.011.

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Abstract The use of fresh water in the textile wash-off process is becoming more expensive day by day due to declining water levels in the region. In this study, the potential of using Fenton oxidation in wash-off cotton reactive dyeing was investigated. The spent wash-off wastewater from one dyeing was first treated with Fenton oxidation, and then reused in several washing-offs employing widely used reactive dyes, C.I. Reactive Yellow 145, C.I. Reactive Blue 21, and C.I. Reactive Red 195. Experimental results showed that at acidic pH (3) using optimized quantities of FeSO4 and H2O2, Fenton process yielded a significant reduction (90–95%) of color in 30 minutes of treatment time. New washing-offs were then carried out in Fenton decolorized wash-off wastewater, and dyed cotton fabric samples were subjected to quality evaluations in terms of color difference properties (ΔL*, Δc*,Δb*, Δa*, ΔE*cmc) and wash fastness properties. This study concluded that after Fenton oxidation, treated liquor can be effectively reused subsequent washing-offs without compromising fabric quality parameters as ΔE*cmc was less than 1, and washing and crocking was also in the range of 4.5–5 which is commercially acceptable. Moreover, the difference in color strength in terms of k/s was also negligible.

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Lee, Young-Hee, Seul-Gi Lee, Eun-Kyung Hwang, Young-Mee Baek, Sunja Cho, and Han-Do Kim. "Dyeing properties and deodorizing/antibacterial performance of cotton/silk/wool fabrics dyed with myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) extract." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 8 (July 5, 2016): 973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516646055.

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An aqueous solution containing a natural colorant (myrrh extract) was obtained by extraction from myrrh using water as an extracting solvent at 90℃ for 90 min with a fixed material to liquor ratio of 1:10. The dyeing properties, color fastness and deodorizing/antibacterial performance of fabrics (cotton, silk and wool fabrics) dyed with myrrh extract were evaluated. The main component in myrrh extract was found to be polysaccharides composed of D-galactose/D-glucuronic acid/L-arabinose and protein. The yellow-red color of fabrics dyed with myrrh extract was attributed to the copper (I) oxide component. The K/ S value of the dyed fabrics increased in the order of cotton < silk < wool. The washing, water and acid/alkaline perspiration fastness of dyed cotton/silk/wool fabrics were good (Grade 4–5), except light fastness (Grade 1–3). The deodorizing performance of dyed fabrics against ammonia and acetic acid was found to be significantly better than the control (undyed) fabrics. The dyed fabrics exhibited an excellent antibacterial performance (99.9% bacteriostatic reduction rate) against both Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. These results highlight the strong potential of the natural dyed fabrics as a functional material with both high antibacterial activity and deodorizing function.

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Garg, Preeti, and Shruti Saxena. "Comparison of hematological parameters among newborns with meconium stained amniotic fluid and clear amniotic fluid." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194720.

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Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid is an indirect marker of fetal hypoxia. Fetal hypoxia affects bone marrow and affects production of cell lines. Indirect marker of erythropoietin activity is nucleated red blood cells count. Aim of the study is to compare hematological parameter in newborn born with meconium stained liquor and clear amniotic fluid. Also, to determine cut off levels of nucleated RBC as marker of fetal hypoxia in meconium stained amniotic fluid(MSAF).Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 2 years from January 2012 to January 2014 in Department of Pediatrics, Sri Aurobindo medical college and hospital, Indore. One hundred newborns with meconium stained amniotic fluid (study group) and one hundred newborns with clear amniotic fluids (control group) were studied in this period. Cord blood samples were collected and hematological parameters were compared.Results: Hemoglobin % and WBC counts were seen in study group in comparison to control group, which is statistically significant (P<0.05). The reported NRBC/100 WBC between the two groups was statistically analyzed. The mean NRBC count in study group were 8.09±6.09 which was statistically higher than the corresponding values in control group 2.07±2.25 (P<0.05).Conclusions: Study concluded that the hemoglobin levels , WBC and NRBC counts in babies with meconium stained amniotic fluid is higher than those babies delivered with clear amniotic fluid and NRBC can be taken as a surrogate marker of hypoxia in a resource limited setting.

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Colovic, Natasa, Ljiljana Bumbasirevic, Vuk Palibrk, Ana Vidovic, and Milica Colovic. "Neuroborreliosis in patient with aplastic anaemia secondary to therapy with ticlopidine." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 9-10 (2010): 632–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1010632c.

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Introduction. Aplastic anaemia is a rare but potentially fatal complication of treatment with ticlopidine. Case Outline. We present a 55-year-old male with aplastic anaemia which developed after 45 days of the therapy with 200 mg ticlopidine to prevent coronary thrombosis. The treatment with ticlopidine was withdrawn and broad spectrum antibiotics as well as transfusion of packed red cells, platelets and G-CSF were administered. Two weeks after the onset of the disease, the number of white blood cells dropped to 0.5C109/l, along with drop of both haemoglobin concentration and the number of platelets. At that time, weakness of facial muscles due to bilateral facial nerve paralysis with Bell?s phenomenon and after that weakness of muscles of both legs and signs of polyradiculoneuritis were developed. Western blot analysis of blood and liquor showed a high concentration of IgG and IgM antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi. The treatment with cephtriaxone resulted in normalization of body temperature and gradual recovery of neurological findings. Blood picture became normal two months after the onset of the disease. Conclusion. The treatment with ticlopidine may result in different haematological complications such as agranulocytosis/ granulocytopaenia, thrombotic trombocytopenic purpura and rarely aplastic anaemia. Due to these complications blood pictures in patients on this therapy should be closely followed up and in case of complications, the treatment with ticlopidine has to be stopped and introduce the therapeutic procedures depending on the sort of the complications and clinical presentation.

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Millen, Barbara E., Paula A. Quatromoni, David R. Gagnon, L. Adrienne Cupples, Mary M. Franz, and Ralph B. D'Agostino. "Dietary Patterns of Men and Women Suggest Targets for Health Promotion: The Framingham Nutrition Studies." American Journal of Health Promotion 11, no. 1 (September 1996): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-11.1.42.

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Purpose. The goal of the study was to characterize the dietary patterns of adult men and women. Design. The study used a cross-sectional analysis of food consumption behaviors and nutrient intake measured from 1984 through 1988. Setting. The Framingham Offspring/Spouse Study, Framingham, Massachusetts. Subjects. The population-based sample comprised 1831 men and 1828 women between 20 and 70 years of age. Measures. Dietary patterns were defined by cluster analyses, which used the estimates of usual daily food intake from food frequency questionnaires, and the patterns were compared with Food Guide Pyramid recommendations. Nutrient intakes were independently estimated from 24-hour recalls and compared with Year 2000 nutrition recommendations. Results. Cluster analyses identified five groups of men and five groups of women with distinctive dietary patterns. Men differed on intakes of all food groups except vegetables and snacks plus sweetened beverages. Specific dietary behaviors, including low intakes of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and other complex carbohydrates; high intakes of beer and liquor; and high intakes of high-fat animal foods warrant targeted intervention messages for men. Women's patterns differed across all food groups except red meats and fattier poultry and beer. Dietary behaviors of women that deserve attention include low fruit, vegetable, starch, and dairy intakes; chronic dieting; high alcohol intake; and sources of hidden fats. No cluster met the current recommendations for food and nutrient intake. Conclusions. Distinct dietary patterns in Framingham men and women vary in compliance with national nutrition and health policy objectives and provide insights for developing behavioral interventions to improve food and nutrient intake.

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Gaffer, Hatem E., Mohamed R. Elgohary, Hassan Ali Etman, and Saad Shaaban. "Antibacterial evaluation of cotton fabrics by using novel sulfonamide reactive dyes." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2015-0080.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to synthesize novel antibacterial reactive dyes for dyeing cotton fabrics. Design/methodology/approach Four synthetic novel antibacterial reactive dyes based on sulfonamide (D1-D4) have been synthesized by the coupling reaction of sulfonamide diazonium salt with sulfonamido-cyanurated 7-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid “j-acid”. The chemical structure of the synthesized dyes was secured by their spectral data [infra red (IR) and proton Nuclear magnetic Resonance (1HNMR)]. Findings The prepared reactive dyes (D1-D4) were applied to cotton fabrics. Optimum conditions of the dying samples at sodium sulfate 100 g/l, liquor ratio (L.R.) 1:10, sodium carbonate 20 g/l at 80°C (D1, D2 and D4), 60°C (D3 for 60 min) were investigated. The fastness properties toward washing, perspiration, rubbing and light were evaluated. Dyed fabrics showed good light fastness property and good to very good washing and perspiration fastness properties according to the gray scale. Antimicrobial activities for synthesized dyes showed excellent activity against gram-negative organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis faecalis, whereas very good activity against gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with respect to the standard drugs ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Originality/value The principle advantages in this study were that the synthesis of novel synthesized dyes by introducing bisulfonamide-based moieties to increase the antimicrobial activity of the cellulose fabrics could be used as a medical textile, short reaction time and reaction procedure conducted in few steps, the work up is convenient and thus the starting material can be easily prepared.

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Zhong, Victor W., Alan Kuang, Rebecca D. Danning, Peter Kraft, Rob M. van Dam, Daniel I. Chasman, and Marilyn C. Cornelis. "A genome-wide association study of bitter and sweet beverage consumption." Human Molecular Genetics 28, no. 14 (May 2, 2019): 2449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz061.

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Abstract Except for drinking water, most beverages taste bitter or sweet. Taste perception and preferences are heritable and determinants of beverage choice and consumption. Consumption of several bitter- and sweet-tasting beverages has been implicated in development of major chronic diseases. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of self-reported bitter and sweet beverage consumption among ~370 000 participants of European ancestry, using a two-staged analysis design. Bitter beverages included coffee, tea, grapefruit juice, red wine, liquor and beer. Sweet beverages included artificially and sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and non-grapefruit juices. Five loci associated with total bitter beverage consumption were replicated (in/near GCKR, ABCG2, AHR, POR and CYP1A1/2). No locus was replicated for total sweet beverage consumption. Sub-phenotype analyses targeting the alcohol, caffeine and sweetener components of beverages yielded additional loci: (i) four loci for bitter alcoholic beverages (GCKR, KLB, ADH1B and AGBL2); (ii) five loci for bitter non-alcoholic beverages (ANXA9, AHR, POR, CYP1A1/2 and CSDC2); (iii) 10 loci for coffee; six novel loci (SEC16B, TMEM18, OR8U8, AKAP6, MC4R and SPECC1L-ADORA2A); (iv) FTO for SSBs. Of these 17 replicated loci, 12 have been associated with total alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, plasma caffeine metabolites or BMI in previous GWAS; none was involved in known sweet and bitter taste transduction pathways. Our study suggests that genetic variants related to alcohol consumption, coffee consumption and obesity were primary genetic determinants of bitter and sweet beverage consumption. Whether genetic variants related to taste perception are associated with beverage consumption remains to be determined.

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Elliott, J. "Current theories on the pathophysiology of equine laminitis – the link between the gut and foot." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200030829.

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Equine laminitis is a painful debilitating condition that seems to be a product of domestication of horses associated with the practice of feeding carbohydrate rich pasture in excess of requirements, particularly in ponies. We have been working on the hypothesis that caecal bacteria, when presented with carbohydrate in large quantities tend to ferment this. Fermentation by gram positive bacteria is associated with a fall in pH of the caecal liquor. As a means of providing themselves with increased intracellular buffering capacity, these bacteria produce amino acid decarboxylase enzymes which convert amino acids present in the caecal fluid into primary amines which can act as intracellular buffers. The reason we thought this might be the case was that foods formed by bacterial fermentation processes (e.g. cheese and wines) have a high content of amines. Primary amines derived from some amino acids have vasoactive properties. In the 1960s it was recognised that human patients taking drugs that inhibit the metabolism of amines (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) could suffer from severe hypertensive crises if they ate cheese or drank red wines with high tyramine content. This so called ‘cheese effect’ is the result of the indirect sympathomimetic effect of tyramine which displaces norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings leading to a rise in blood pressure. Monoamine oxidase enzymes present in the epithelial cells lining the gut wall and in liver cells normally protect individuals from suffering these hypertensive crises. We wondered whether amines released from the gut in response to ingestion of excessive amounts of carbohydrate might lead to a similar reaction in ponies whereby dietary amines caused vasoconstriction of the digital vasculature, leading to the prodromal phases of laminitis.

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Ding, Jin Cheng, Zeng Dian Zhao, Jie Lu, and Yun Quan Sun. "Appearance of Mechanical Zinc Coatings and Superficial Pore Sealing Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.750.

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By using SnSO4 water solution to activate global granular Zn powders of 325 screen mesh, Zn-Sn composite coverage is formed under the action of mechanical impact of the tiny glass beads and work pieces. During and after the formation of coating, acid water liquor will react with metal basal body, and hydrogen gas is bound to emit from the pathway and form micro pores. In addition, there are bond areas between the new and the primary coverage, which may lead to the emergence of micro crack on the coating owing to such causes as too big or uneven impact during plating process, little distortion of global granular zinc dust inside the plating coat, less tight coalescent of the zinc dust flecks. These problems can be confirmed by SEM scanning coating surface and cross section pictures of plating coat. In our study, methyl hydrogen silicone fluid, titanium isopropoxide and benzinum are used as the basal components. This compound has such features as better osmosis for micro pores and cracks formed in the process of dual coverage, strong adhesive force, anti-contraction, high transparence and water proof property. The impact of titanium isopropoxide dosage on the solidifying speed of methyl hydrogen silicone fluid, and that of mechanical plating zinc coating on corrosion proof are studied. Through tests, the proper compound ratio is determined as 11:10:79 of methyl hydrogen silicone fluid to titanium isopropoxide to benzinum(90-120 Centigrade degree). Experiments indicate that when the coating thickness is 0.2 micron, the emergence time of white corrosion on the plating coat doubles, accordingly, that of red rust prolongs, this shows that the anticorrosion of the coverage can be significantly improved through superficial pore sealing in zinc plating coat.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Red liquor'

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