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Journal articles on the topic 'Red Ocean'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Trees, V. J. H., and D. M. Stam. "Blue, white, and red ocean planets." Astronomy & Astrophysics 626 (June 2019): A129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935399.

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Context. An exoplanet’s habitability will depend strongly on the presence of liquid water. Flux and/or polarization measurements of starlight that is reflected by exoplanets could help to identify exo-oceans. Aims. We investigate which broadband spectral features in flux and polarization phase functions of reflected starlight uniquely identify exo-oceans. Methods. With an adding-doubling algorithm, we computed total fluxes F and polarized fluxes Q of starlight that is reflected by cloud-free and (partly) cloudy exoplanets, for wavelengths from 350 to 865 nm. The ocean surface has waves composed of Fresnel reflecting wave facets and whitecaps, and scattering within the water body is included. Results. Total flux F, polarized flux Q, and degree of polarization P of ocean planets change color from blue, through white, to red at phase angles α ranging from ~134° to ~108° for F, and from ~123° to ~157° for Q, with cloud coverage fraction fc increasing from 0.0 (cloud-free) to 1.0 (completely cloudy) for F, and to 0.98 for Q. The color change in P only occurs for fc ranging from 0.03 to 0.98, with the color crossing angle α ranging from ~88° to ~161°. The total flux F of a cloudy, zero surface albedo planet can also change color, and for fc = 0.0, an ocean planet’s F will not change color for surface pressures ps ≿ 8 bars. Polarized flux Q of a zero surface albedo planet does not change color for any fc. Conclusions. The color change of P of starlight reflected by an exoplanet, from blue, through white, to red with increasing α above 88°, appears to identify a (partly) cloudy exo-ocean. The color change of polarized flux Q with increasing α above 123° appears to uniquely identify an exo-ocean, independent of surface pressure or cloud fraction. At the color changing phase angle, the angular distance between a star and its planet is much larger than at the phase angle where the glint appears in reflected light. The color change in polarization thus offers better prospects for detecting an exo-ocean.

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Gündüz, Şafak. "Preventing blue ocean from turning into red ocean: A case study of a room escape game." Journal of Human Sciences 15, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i1.5140.

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The weariness of competitive business environment has made it one of the hot topics of recent business management literature to find ways to escape from the intense Red Ocean by creating a Blue Ocean where there is no competition. Rene and Mauborgne’s Blue Ocean Strategy (2004) provides a reasonable solution for this issue. Blue Ocean Strategy studies demonstrate that every blue ocean will eventually turn red due to fast entries into the market and the literature leaves a gap in understanding how blue ocean could be turned into blue again after it becomes red. This study addresses this void specifically by exploring the practices of a room escape organization of a new-born entertainment sector showing how they could manage to create their second blue ocean after experiencing their blue ocean turning into red. It is aimed at contributing to Blue Ocean Strategy with a case study in which the process of creating a blue ocean is traced; its immediate turning into red and achieving to become blue again is analysed. This study illustrates the ease of application of Blue Ocean Strategy in practice with the case study of a room escape game organisation. This study aims to generate insights for future research for managers, academics, innovators, entrepreneurs and policy makers who are interested in creating their sustainable blue ocean with innovative moves by presenting a solid case analysis.

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Righton, David, Jeremy Kemp, and Rupert Ormond. "Biogeography, Community Structure and Diversity of Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean Butterflyfishes." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, no. 1 (1996): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400029167.

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Patterns of variation in the assemblage structure of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) of the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean have been compared. There is a lower number of species in the Red Sea, a high proportion of which are endemic to the region, both features that have been attributed to the relatively recent origin of the Red Sea. In the Red Sea overall mean abundance of butterflyfish is greatest in the central part, decreasing both to north and south. Several species present in the southern Red Sea are absent from the north. By contrast, most western Indian Ocean species are widely distributed within the Indo-West Pacific. Comparative field studies in the northern Red Sea (Egypt) and western Indian Ocean (Kenya) showed that mean number of species was higher in the western Indian Ocean, but mean density of butterflyfishes was higher in the Red Sea. In both areas diversity of butterflyfish was related to mean substrate diversity (the number of coral growth forms). Mean spatial niche breadth of butterflyfish species was much higher in the Red Sea than in the western Indian Ocean, whereas the extent of microhabitat use was higher in the western Indian Ocean. It is suggested that these differences may be related to the more recent evolution of the Red Sea fauna.

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Kleijne, Annelies. "Holococcolithophorids from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean." Marine Micropaleontology 17, no. 1-2 (1991): 1–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(91)90023-y.

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Wan, Xiaoqiao, and Massimo Sarti. "Cretaceous oceanic red beds and land–ocean interaction." Cretaceous Research 26, no. 1 (2005): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2004.12.001.

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Jeong, Hae Jin, Hee Chang Kang, An Suk Lim, et al. "Feeding diverse prey as an excellent strategy of mixotrophic dinoflagellates for global dominance." Science Advances 7, no. 2 (2021): eabe4214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe4214.

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Microalgae fuel food webs and biogeochemical cycles of key elements in the ocean. What determines microalgal dominance in the ocean is a long-standing question. Red tide distribution data (spanning 1990 to 2019) show that mixotrophic dinoflagellates, capable of photosynthesis and predation together, were responsible for ~40% of the species forming red tides globally. Counterintuitively, the species with low or moderate growth rates but diverse prey including diatoms caused red tides globally. The ability of these dinoflagellates to trade off growth for prey diversity is another genetic factor critical to formation of red tides across diverse ocean conditions. This finding has profound implications for explaining the global dominance of particular microalgae, their key eco-evolutionary strategy, and prediction of harmful red tide outbreaks.

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Yardley, Josh. "Swimming in the blue ocean versus riding the choppy waves of the red ocean." Journal of Aesthetic Nursing 4, no. 7 (2015): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/joan.2015.4.7.354.

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Linda Kusnita, Kadek. "Blue Ocean Strategy di Industri Perhotelan." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis 16, no. 3 (2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.38043/jmb.v16i3.2236.

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ABSTRACTThis research is intended to know the marketing carried out by Harper Kuta Hotel to get out of the Red Ocean Marketing carried out in the hospitality industry has implemented a red ocean zone which in all hotels uses the same marketing strategy, so marketing is offered in marketing. This study uses qualitative methods and uses four blue ocean frameworks that explain the strategies that must be corrected and corrected. Data collection uses interview techniques from each resource person. The final goal of this research is to learn the advantages possessed by Harper Kuta Hotel, so that they can choose the right strategy and have innovation.

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Beck, Hayden J., and Craig A. Styan. "Colour patterns in the sea urchin, Heliocidaris erythrogramma, suggest limited connectivity across the Southern and Pacific Ocean coastlines of Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 2 (2010): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08156.

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Heliocidaris erythrogramma is a widespread Australian sea urchin whose colour varies greatly. Here we report large-scale, hierarchically structured surveys, testing for patterns in colouration of H. erythrogramma associated with wave exposure, and consistency between populations from the Pacific and Southern Oceans. Along the Southern Ocean coastline, more urchins with white dermis were found in (ocean swell-exposed) open coast regions, whereas more urchins with red dermis were usually found in the (ocean swell-protected) bay regions. In contrast, only red dermis urchins were found in both open coast and bay regions along the Pacific coastline. Spine colour was found to be independent of test colour within locations and, while no differences in the frequencies of spine colours were detected between regions of different wave exposure, differences were detected across 1–100s of km within coastlines. Large differences in the frequencies of spine colours were also detected between the two coastlines. Clear differences in two independent characteristics of colour between Southern Ocean and Pacific coastlines, combined with intermediate patterns at a location near the junction of these coastlines, suggest that large-scale morphological patterns might reflect intra-specific genetic differentiation within H. erythrogramma, large-scale environmental differences between temperate Australian coastlines, or an interaction between these two factors.

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Unissa.A, Barkath, and Dr Kumudha. "Blue Ocean Marketing-A Promising Strategy." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 1 (2013): 974–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v7i1.717.

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Companies have long engaged in head-to-head competition in search of sustained, profitable growth. They have fought for competitive advantage, battled over market share, and struggled for differentiation. Yet in todays overcrowded industries, competing head-on results in nothing but a bloody red ocean of rivals fighting over a shrinking profit pool. Tomorrows leading companies will succeed not by battling competitors, but by creating blue oceans of uncontested market space ripe for growth. Such strategic moves termed value innovation create powerful leaps in value for both the firm and its buyers rendering rivals obsolete and unleashing new demand.

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Brewin, Robert J. W., Dionysios E. Raitsos, Giorgio Dall'Olmo, et al. "Regional ocean-colour chlorophyll algorithms for the Red Sea." Remote Sensing of Environment 165 (August 2015): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.04.024.

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de Clerck, Olivier, Eric Coppejans, Tom Schils, et al. "The marine red algae of Rodrigues (Mauritius, Indian Ocean)." Journal of Natural History 38, no. 23 (2004): 3021–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930410001695033.

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Girdler, R. W. "The case for ocean crust beneath the Red Sea." Tectonophysics 198, no. 2-4 (1991): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90155-l.

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Lee, Min-Sun, Kyung-Ae Park, and Fiorenza Micheli. "Derivation of Red Tide Index and Density Using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (2021): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020298.

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Red tide causes significant damage to marine resources such as aquaculture and fisheries in coastal regions. Such red tide events occur globally, across latitudes and ocean ecoregions. Satellite observations can be an effective tool for tracking and investigating red tides and have great potential for informing strategies to minimize their impacts on coastal fisheries. However, previous satellite-based red tide detection algorithms have been mostly conducted over short time scales and within relatively small areas, and have shown significant differences from actual field data, highlighting a need for new, more accurate algorithms to be developed. In this study, we present the newly developed normalized red tide index (NRTI). The NRTI uses Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data to detect red tides by observing in situ spectral characteristics of red tides and sea water using spectroradiometer in the coastal region of Korean Peninsula during severe red tide events. The bimodality of peaks in spectral reflectance with respect to wavelengths has become the basis for developing NRTI, by multiplying the heights of both spectral peaks. Based on the high correlation between the NRTI and the red tide density, we propose an estimation formulation to calculate the red tide density using GOCI data. The formulation and methodology of NRTI and density estimation in this study is anticipated to be applicable to other ocean color satellite data and other regions around the world, thereby increasing capacity to quantify and track red tides at large spatial scales and in real time.

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Setiawan, Heri Cahyo Bagus, and Beni Dwi Komara. "THE ALTERNATIVE BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY: BAGAIMANA STRATEGI PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI KOPI SANTRI DALAM MENGHADAPI PERSAINGAN BISNIS?" Jurnal Riset Entrepreneurship 3, no. 1 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jre.v3i1.1165.

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Companies that can survive in business competition, must use strategies that are oriented to innovative and efficient values by looking at the company resources and capabilities holistically. When the giant coffee industry companies use the red ocean strategy in the expansion of market competition, the small and medium coffee industry companies (MSMEs) such as The Coffee Santri Industry in this study take the alternative blue ocean strategy into a strategic choice. A choice of strategies that do focus differentiation. Formulating the use of the blue ocean strategy by forming a new concept, namely outlet treatment, coffee shop and manufacturing scrubs, aroma therapy and prayer coffee are essential for survival and expansion outside the Red Ocean arena.

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Reimchen, Thomas E. "Coral Reef Fishes: Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean, Including the Red Sea.Ewald Lieske , Robert Myers." Quarterly Review of Biology 73, no. 4 (1998): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/420479.

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Steiner, Zvi, Amit Sarkar, Xuewu Liu, et al. "On calcium-to-alkalinity anomalies in the North Pacific, Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 303 (June 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.03.027.

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Lin Hong, 林宏, 王新民 Wang Xinmin, 卢金军 Lu Jinjun, and 李卫中 Li Weizhong. "Ocean Red Tide Monitoring Method Based on Blue-Green Lidar." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 47, no. 12 (2010): 120101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop47.120101.

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VAN SOEST, ROB W. M., and NICOLE J. DE VOOGD. "Calcareous sponges of the Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea." Zootaxa 4426, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4426.1.1.

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Past taxonomic studies of Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea Calcarea have been few and sporadic (e.g. Schuffner 1877, Jenkin 1908, Row 1909, Dendy 1913, 1916, Voigt et al. 2017, 2018). Nevertheless, approximately 70 species are known from these studies for the considered region, but the descriptions of the older records often lack sufficient details for reliable identification. We studied the Western Indian Ocean Calcarea collection kept in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Available specimens numbered 145, collected in the Red Sea, Seychelles, Maldives, Mayotte and Rodrigues, in addition to incidental samples from Oman, the Lakshadweep Islands, the Mozambique Channel, and Eastern South Africa. Using a combination of techniques (in situ and ‘on deck’ photography, detailed field notes, light microscopic studies and measurements, SEM microscopy, and selected DNA sequencing) we identified 45 species, divided over the two main classes Calcinea (24 spp.) and Calcaronea (21 spp.). Not all species could be definitely assigned to an already described or a new species, as seven remained qualified as ‘spec.’ or ‘aff.’ for reasons of insufficient material or lack of details of in situ habitus. Sixteen species appeared to be new to science: Borojevia voigti sp.nov., Borojevia tubulata sp.nov., Borojevia pirella sp.nov., Clathrina rodriguesensis sp.nov., Clathrina maremeccae sp.nov., Clathrina repens sp.nov., Leucascus schleyeri sp.nov., Leucetta sulcata sp.nov., Ute insulagemmae sp.nov., Leucandra pilula sp.nov., Leucandra mozambiquensis sp.nov., Grantessa woerheidei sp.nov., Sycettusa hirsutissima sp.nov., Vosmaeropsis glebula sp.nov., Paraleucilla erpenbecki sp.nov., and Kebira tetractinifera sp.nov. For a selection of the identified species from the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (30 spp.), as well as from Indonesian material (22 spp.) published previously (see Van Soest & De Voogd 2015) we obtained sequences of the partial 28S gene of nuclear rDNA (C2–D2 region, cf. Voigt & Wörheide 2016). The sequences of the Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea species were used to assign these to genera and families based on a phylogenetic analysis using MEGA pack vs. 06.6 for Mac of the available dataset. The Indonesian sequences supplemented by partial 28S sequences taken from the Sponge Barcode Project website and the NCBI website were included in the phylogenetic analysis to confirm the assignments. The results were compared and discussed with additional information on regional Calcarea not represented in our material. The latter chapter yielded the discovery of a preoccupied name leading to Sycon oscari nom.nov. for a species described from Mauritius.

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Beal, Lisa M., Amy Ffield, and Arnold L. Gordon. "Spreading of Red Sea overflow waters in the Indian Ocean." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 105, no. C4 (2000): 8549–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900306.

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Ligi, Marco, Enrico Bonatti, Giovanni Bortoluzzi, et al. "Birth of an ocean in the Red Sea: Initial pangs." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 13, no. 8 (2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012gc004155.

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Cantin, N. E., A. L. Cohen, K. B. Karnauskas, A. M. Tarrant, and D. C. McCorkle. "Ocean Warming Slows Coral Growth in the Central Red Sea." Science 329, no. 5989 (2010): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1190182.

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Bethoux, J. P. "Red Sea geochemical budgets and exchanges with the Indian Ocean." Marine Chemistry 24, no. 1 (1988): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(88)90007-2.

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Bahl, Christopher D. "Transoceanic Arabic historiography: sharing the past of the sixteenth-century western Indian Ocean." Journal of Global History 15, no. 2 (2020): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022820000017.

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AbstractThe early modern western Indian Ocean constituted a dynamic space of human interaction. While scholarship has mostly concentrated on trade and commerce, recent studies have shifted the focus to social and cultural mobilities. This article argues for the emergence of a transoceanic Arabic historiography during the sixteenth century, which reflected on the cultural integration of regions from Egypt, the Hijaz, and Yemen in the Red Sea region, to Gujarat, the Deccan, and Malabar in the subcontinent. Historians from the Persian cosmopolis further north observed a strong cultural connection between Arabophone communities of the western Indian Ocean region. Manuscript collections in India show that Arabic historical texts from the Red Sea region had a readership in the subcontinent. Most importantly, mobile scholars began to compose Arabic histories while receiving patronage at the western Indian courts. Scholarly mobilities fostered cultural exchanges, which increasingly built on a shared history, written, read, and circulated in Arabic during the sixteenth century

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Liu, Jianbo, Yi Wang, Xiaole Zhang, and Jiayu Rong. "Early Telychian (Silurian) marine siliciclastic red beds in the Eastern Yangtze Platform, South China: distribution pattern and controlling factors." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 7 (2016): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0209.

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The distribution pattern of early Telychian (turriculatus–crispus graptolite biozone) red beds in the Eastern Yangtze Platform of South China is reconstructed based on regional geologic data. The red beds are developed in three areas, which are separated by regions without red deposition. The distribution pattern indicates that the Cathaysian Oldland was the provenance of sediment rich in ferric oxides, which are essential for the formation of red beds. Silurian marine siliciclastic red beds, both in China and worldwide, tended to develop during times of relatively low sea level. Coeval hematitic oolites that formed far from the coast may record a change from reducing to oxidizing conditions in the ocean. Furthermore, it is likely that a fall in global sea level, a transition from reducing to oxidizing conditions in the ocean, and a cooling climate, all of which were closely related to the early Telychian Valgu Event, promoted the global development of marine red beds during this period.

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He, Jie, Clara Deser, and Brian J. Soden. "Atmospheric and Oceanic Origins of Tropical Precipitation Variability." Journal of Climate 30, no. 9 (2017): 3197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0714.1.

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The intrinsic atmospheric and ocean-induced tropical precipitation variability is studied using millennial control simulations with various degrees of ocean coupling. A comparison between the coupled simulation and the atmosphere-only simulation with climatological sea surface temperatures (SSTs) shows that a substantial amount of tropical precipitation variability is generated without oceanic influence. This intrinsic atmospheric variability features a red noise spectrum from daily to monthly time scales and a white noise spectrum beyond the monthly time scale. The oceanic impact is inappreciable for submonthly time scales but important at interannual and longer time scales. For time scales longer than a year, it enhances precipitation variability throughout much of the tropical oceans and suppresses it in some subtropical areas, preferentially in the summer hemisphere. The sign of the ocean-induced precipitation variability can be inferred from the local precipitation–SST relationship, which largely reflects the local feedbacks between the two, although nonlocal forcing associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation also plays a role. The thermodynamic and dynamic nature of the ocean-induced precipitation variability is studied by comparing the fully coupled and slab ocean simulations. For time scales longer than a year, equatorial precipitation variability is almost entirely driven by ocean circulation, except in the Atlantic Ocean. In the rest of the tropics, ocean-induced precipitation variability is dominated by mixed layer thermodynamics. Additional analyses indicate that both dynamic and thermodynamic oceanic processes are important for establishing the leading modes of large-scale tropical precipitation variability. On the other hand, ocean dynamics likely dampens tropical Pacific variability at multidecadal time scales and beyond.

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GON, OFER, and SERGEY V. BOGORODSKY. "The cardinalfish Fowleria isostigma in the Red Sea and the validity of F. punctulata (Perciformes: Apogonidae)." Zootaxa 2677, no. 1 (2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2677.1.3.

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The Red Sea has five species of the apogonid genus Fowleria, including F. isostigma, a Pacific Ocean species not yet known from the western Indian Ocean proper. Previously, F. isostigma was placed in the synonymy of F. punctulata (Rüppell 1838). However, the taxonomic status of the latter has not been established and in previous works it was placed in the synonymy of F. aurita or F. variegata. This paper compares Red Sea specimens identified as F. isostigma with F. variegata and with the type specimens of F. punctulata. The presence of F. isostigma in the Red Sea is established and F. punctulata is confirmed as a junior synonym of F. variegata. The holotype of F. punctulata is identified by the size given in the original description. A key to the Red Sea species of Fowleria is provided.

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Bardey, Daniel Jonathan. "Overfishing: pressure on our oceans." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 6, no. 3 (2020): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i3.44805.

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An increased demand for fish, combined with ever-growing global populations our oceans cannot keep up with the rate at which we are fishing our seas. As coastal fisheries declined, fishing started to expand into using open oceans as a resource leading to an 80% decline in bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in just 5 years. Though overfishing for specific species can be beneficial, and even more surprisingly it’s encouraged. Off the coast of America, a new threat has been growing in recent years, the red lion fish (Pterois volitans). This species originally native to coral reefs in the South Pacific has recently found a new home the Atlantic Ocean. Target fishing the Lionfish will not only help reduce population size, minimize the chances of the Lion fish causing greater ecological damage on the Atlantic Ocean. Is moving public perception and demand towards invasive the next steps in protecting our fisheries? Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 397-404, December 2019

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PEÑATE, LIUBA, ROLANDO CÁRDENAS, and OSMEL MARTÍN. "ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF FLARES FROM RED DWARF STARS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, supp02 (2011): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311040566.

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We examine some environmental effects appearing on exoplanets in the habitable zone of red dwarfs, during the first billion years of the star evolution. We focus on the radiative perturbation that the frequent stellar flares would cause on the planet surface and down the assumed planetary ocean, with some insight on the affectation of potential life forms.

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Wood, Stephen L., and Cheryl E. Mierzwa. "State of Technology in Autonomous Underwater Gliders." Marine Technology Society Journal 47, no. 5 (2013): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.47.5.4.

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AbstractOver the last few decades, a range of instruments and vehicles have been used to monitor the oceans. One example is the use of autonomous underwater vehicles to perform ocean surveys, and within this group, autonomous underwater gliders have made their mark. Gliders enable the scientist to make extended complex studies on topics such as the effect of metals, pesticides, and nutrients on fish abundance, reproductive success, and ability to feed or on contaminants such as chemicals or biological toxins that are transported in particulate form and may become incorporated into living organisms (plankton, bivalves, and fish) or become deposited in bottom sediments. With these vehicles, the scientist or environmentalist can detect hazardous substances in the ocean such as chemicals from an oil spill or toxic algae such as red tide.

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Fortunato, Helena. "Coralline red algae: a proxy in climate and ocean acidification studies." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 277, no. 2 (2015): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2015/0498.

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Corre, Matthieu Le, Marc Salamolard, and Marie Claude Portier. "Transoceanic dispersion of the Red-tailed Tropicbird in the Indian Ocean." Emu - Austral Ornithology 103, no. 2 (2003): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu02026.

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Tessier, Y., S. Lovejoy, D. Schertzer, D. Lavallée, and B. Kerman. "Universal multifractal indices for the ocean surface at far red wavelengths." Geophysical Research Letters 20, no. 12 (1993): 1167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93gl00369.

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Gründlingh, Marten L. "Occurrence of Red Sea Water in the Southwestern Indian Ocean, 1981." Journal of Physical Oceanography 15, no. 2 (1985): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015<0207:oorswi>2.0.co;2.

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Seland, Eivind Heldaas. "Early Christianity in East Africa and Red Sea/Indian Ocean Commerce." African Archaeological Review 31, no. 4 (2014): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-014-9172-5.

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Ball, A. O., M. G. Beal, R. W. Chapman, and G. R. Sedberry. "Population structure of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, in the Atlantic Ocean." Marine Biology 150, no. 6 (2006): 1321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0425-y.

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Chotimah, Chusnul. "INSTITUTIONAL IMPROVEMENT OF AN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION." Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 14, no. 1 (2019): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/epis.2019.14.1.83-99.

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Scholarly discussions on institutional development could be divided into two categories; “Blue Ocean Strategy” and “Red Zone Strategy” approaches. Blue Ocean Strategy characterized by creating new innovation and market without locating institution to compete with other institution. Meanwhile, Red Zone Strategy emphasizes on initiating a different innovation in order to contest in the marketplace. This article examines the transformation of IAIN Tulungagung from STAIN to IAIN in 2013. This article employs qualitative approach and demonstrates that IAIN Tulungagung has created a creative innovation such as initiating Edu-fair event to attract new students, bulding a new brand, establishing the advance program to promote its institution, and developing the human capital. This strategy indicates that IAIN Tulungagung applies Blue Ocean Strategy in developing its institution such as Decrease-Delete-Create-Increase becomes Passive-Save-Create-Increase.

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Oz, Aia, Gazalah Sabehi, Michal KoblÃ¯Â¿Â½zek, Ramon Massana, and Oded BÃ¯Â¿Â½jÃ¯Â¿Â½. "Roseobacter-Like Bacteria in Red and Mediterranean Sea Aerobic Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Populations." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 1 (2005): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.1.344-353.2005.

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ABSTRACT Bacteriochlorophyll a-containing aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAnP) have been proposed to account for up to 11% of the total surface water microbial community and to potentially have great ecological importance in the world's oceans. Recently, environmental and genomic data based on analysis of the pufM gene identified the existence of α-proteobacteria as well as possible γ-like proteobacteria among AAnP in the Pacific Ocean. Here we report on analyses of environmental samples from the Red and Mediterranean Seas by using pufM as well as the bchX and bchL genes as molecular markers. The majority of photosynthesis genes retrieved from these seas were related to Roseobacter-like AAnP sequences. Furthermore, the sequence of a novel photosynthetic operon organization from an uncultured Roseobacter-like bacterial artificial chromosome retrieved from the Red Sea is described. The data show the presence of Roseobacter-like bacteria in Red and Mediterranean Sea AAnP populations in the seasons analyzed.

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Shapiro, Georgy I., Jose M. Gonzalez-Ondina, and Vladimir N. Belokopytov. "High-resolution stochastic downscaling method for ocean forecasting models and its application to the Red Sea dynamics." Ocean Science 17, no. 4 (2021): 891–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-891-2021.

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Abstract. High-resolution modelling of a large ocean domain requires significant computational resources. The main purpose of this study is to develop an efficient tool for downscaling the lower-resolution data such as those available from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). Common methods of downscaling CMEMS ocean models utilise their lower-resolution output as boundary conditions for local, higher-resolution hydrodynamic ocean models. Such methods reveal greater details of spatial distribution of ocean variables; however, they increase the cost of computations and often reduce the model skill due to the so called “double penalty” effect. This effect is a common problem for many high-resolution models where predicted features are displaced in space or time. This paper presents a stochastic–deterministic downscaling (SDD) method, which is an efficient tool for downscaling of ocean models based on the combination of deterministic and stochastic approaches. The ability of the SDD method is first demonstrated in an idealised case when the true solution is known a priori. Then the method is applied to create an operational Stochastic Model of the Red Sea (SMORS), with the parent model being the Mercator Global Ocean Analysis and Forecast System at 1/12∘ resolution. The stochastic component of the model is data-driven rather than equation-driven, and it is applied to the areas smaller than the Rossby radius, within which distributions of ocean variables are more coherent than over a larger distance. The method, based on objective analysis, is similar to what is used for data assimilation in ocean models and stems from the philosophy of 2-D turbulence. SMORS produces finer-resolution (1/24∘ latitude mesh) oceanographic data using the output from a coarser-resolution (1/12∘ mesh) parent model available from CMEMS. The values on the fine-resolution mesh are computed under conditions of minimisation of the cost function, which represents the error between the model and true solution. SMORS has been validated against sea surface temperature and ARGO float observations. Comparisons show that the model and observations are in good agreement and SMORS is not subject to the “double penalty” effect. SMORS is very fast to run on a typical desktop PC and can be relocated to another area of the ocean.

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Weiss, Howard M., Enrique Lozano-Álvarez, Patricia Briones-Fourzán, and Fernando Negrete-Soto. "Using Red Light with Fixed-site Video Cameras to Study the Behavior of the Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus, and Associated Animals at Night and Inside Their Shelters." Marine Technology Society Journal 40, no. 3 (2006): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533206787353213.

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Fixed-site video cameras can be a powerful tool for studying marine animals in the sea without disturbing their behavior. Artificial light is required to use these cameras at night or in dark places such as inside animal dens. Red light is theoretically the best choice because the eyes of many marine animals are relatively insensitive to light above 600 nm wavelength, red light penetrates water much further than infrared, and many video cameras are highly sensitive to red light. This study found that video and red light can be used at night in the sea to study the behavior of spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, without significant effects. The shelter occupancy rate of tethered lobsters was similar in continuous red light as in the dark and red light did not attract or repel free-living lobsters. Red light did attract a small additional number of fish which were already nearby the lobster shelters and did not appear to disturb the lobsters. Loss of P. argus from octopus predation was similar in red light as in the dark. Six species of predators (two triggerfishes, an octopus, two snappers, and a moray eel) were recorded on videotape killing lobsters at shelters in the sea. Predation usually occurred outside the shelters. Other species scavenged on the lobster remains after they were killed. A variety of animals frequently cohabited with lobsters inside shelters for a few minutes to several days. The interactions of these animals with the lobsters rarely involved any strong aggression or defensive behavior.

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Joiner, Joanna, Yasuko Yoshida, Luis Guanter, and Elizabeth M. Middleton. "New methods for the retrieval of chlorophyll red fluorescence from hyperspectral satellite instruments: simulations and application to GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 8 (2016): 3939–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3939-2016.

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Abstract. Global satellite measurements of solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) from chlorophyll over land and ocean have proven useful for a number of different applications related to physiology, phenology, and productivity of plants and phytoplankton. Terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence is emitted throughout the red and far-red spectrum, producing two broad peaks near 683 and 736 nm. From ocean surfaces, phytoplankton fluorescence emissions are entirely from the red region (683 nm peak). Studies using satellite-derived SIF over land have focused almost exclusively on measurements in the far red (wavelengths > 712 nm), since those are the most easily obtained with existing instrumentation. Here, we examine new ways to use existing hyperspectral satellite data sets to retrieve red SIF (wavelengths < 712 nm) over both land and ocean. Red SIF is thought to provide complementary information to that from the far red for terrestrial vegetation. The satellite instruments that we use were designed to make atmospheric trace-gas measurements and are therefore not optimal for observing SIF; they have coarse spatial resolution and only moderate spectral resolution (0.5 nm). Nevertheless, these instruments, the Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument 2 (GOME-2) and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY), offer a unique opportunity to compare red and far-red terrestrial SIF at regional spatial scales. Terrestrial SIF has been estimated with ground-, aircraft-, or satellite-based instruments by measuring the filling-in of atmospheric and/or solar absorption spectral features by SIF. Our approach makes use of the oxygen (O2) γ band that is not affected by SIF. The SIF-free O2 γ band helps to estimate absorption within the spectrally variable O2 B band, which is filled in by red SIF. SIF also fills in the spectrally stable solar Fraunhofer lines (SFLs) at wavelengths both inside and just outside the O2 B band, which further helps to estimate red SIF emission. Our approach is then an extension of previous approaches applied to satellite data that utilized only the filling-in of SFLs by red SIF. We conducted retrievals of red SIF using an extensive database of simulated radiances covering a wide range of conditions. Our new algorithm produces good agreement between the simulated truth and retrievals and shows the potential of the O2 bands for noise reduction in red SIF retrievals as compared with approaches that rely solely on SFL filling. Biases seen with existing satellite data, most likely due to instrumental artifacts that vary in time, space, and with instrument, must be addressed in order to obtain reasonable results. Our 8-year record of red SIF observations over land with the GOME-2 allows for the first time reliable global mapping of monthly anomalies. These anomalies are shown to have similar spatiotemporal structure as those in the far red, particularly for drought-prone regions. There is a somewhat larger percentage response in the red as compared with the far red for these areas that are drought sensitive. We also demonstrate that good-quality ocean fluorescence line height retrievals can be achieved with GOME-2, SCIAMACHY, and similar instruments by utilizing the full complement of radiance measurements that span the red SIF emission feature.

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Price, P. B., and R. C. Bay. "Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 6 (2012): 6535–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-6535-2012.

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Abstract. Using fluorescence spectrometry to map autofluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) and tryptophan (Trp) versus depth in polar ice cores in the US National Ice Core Laboratory, we found that the Chl and Trp concentrations often showed an annual modulation of up to 25%, with peaks at depths corresponding to local summers. Using epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and flow cytometry (FCM) triggered on 670 nm fluorescence (red) to study microbes from unstained melts of the polar ice, we inferred that picocyanobacteria may have been responsible for the red fluorescence in the cores. Micron-size bacteria in all ice melts from 2 Arctic and 6 Antarctic sites showed FCM patterns of scattering and of red vs. orange fluorescence (interpreted as due to Chl vs. phycoerythrin (PE)) that bore similarities to patterns of cultures of unstained picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Concentrations in ice from all sites were low but measurable at ~1 to ~103 cells cm−3. Calibrations showed that FCM patterns of mineral grains and volcanic ash could be distinguished from microbes with high efficiency by triggering on scattering instead of by red fluorescence. Average Chl and PE autofluorescence intensities showed no decrease per cell with time during up to 150 000 yr of storage in glacial ice. Taking into account the annual modulation of ~25% and seasonal changes of ocean temperatures and winds, we suggest that picocyanobacteria are wind-transported year-round from warmer ocean waters onto polar ice. Ice cores offer the opportunity to study evolution of marine microbes over ~300 million generations by analyzing their genomes vs. depth in glacial ice over the last 700 000 yr as frozen proxies for changes in their genomes in oceans.

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Price, P. B., and R. C. Bay. "Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations." Biogeosciences 9, no. 10 (2012): 3799–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012.

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Abstract. Using fluorescence spectrometry to map autofluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) and tryptophan (Trp) versus depth in polar ice cores in the US National Ice Core Laboratory, we found that the Chl and Trp concentrations often showed an annual modulation of up to 25%, with peaks at depths corresponding to local summers. Using epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and flow cytometry (FCM) triggered on red fluorescence at 670 nm to study microbes from unstained melts of the polar ice, we inferred that picocyanobacteria may have been responsible for the red fluorescence in the cores. Micron-size bacteria in all ice melts from Arctic and Antarctic sites showed FCM patterns of scattering and of red vs. orange fluorescence (interpreted as due to Chl vs. phycoerythrin (PE)) that bore similarities to patterns of cultures of unstained picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Concentrations in ice from all sites were low, but measurable at ~ 1 to ~ 103 cells cm−3. Calibrations showed that FCM patterns of mineral grains and volcanic ash could be distinguished from microbes with high efficiency by triggering on scattering instead of by red fluorescence. Average Chl and PE autofluorescence intensities showed no decrease per cell with time during up to 150 000 yr of storage in glacial ice. Taking into account the annual modulation of ~ 25% and seasonal changes of ocean temperatures and winds, we suggest that picocyanobacteria are wind-transported year-round from warmer ocean waters onto polar ice. Ice cores offer the opportunity to study evolution of marine microbes over ~ 300 million generations by analysing their genomes vs. depth in glacial ice over the last 700 000 yr as frozen proxies for changes in their genomes in oceans.

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Ahti, Pauliina A., Richard R. Coleman, Joseph D. DiBattista, Michael L. Berumen, Luiz A. Rocha, and Brian W. Bowen. "Phylogeography of Indo-Pacific reef fishes: sister wrassesCoris gaimardandC. cuvieriin the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean." Journal of Biogeography 43, no. 6 (2016): 1103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12712.

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Kulkarni, Bindu, and Vasant Sivaraman. "Making a Blue Ocean Shift: Tata Ace captures a new market." Journal of Business Strategy 41, no. 4 (2019): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-03-2019-0057.

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Purpose This paper aims to understand how organizations can apply the Blue Ocean Shift process to achieve profitable growth and make competition irrelevant. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a case study approach. Based on interaction with the senior management of an organization and secondary sources, this paper presents an application of the Blue Ocean Shift process on a strategic move by an organization to achieve value innovation. Findings This paper presents a case of how Tata Motors Ltd. applied Blue Ocean Shift process to come up with the product Tata Ace, which achieved value innovation while making competition irrelevant. From assessing the current state of play to forming a motivated team, working with suppliers and fulfilling the needs of the non-customers and unhappy existing users, they were able to create a strong position for themselves. Practical implications Blue Ocean Strategy, through a process defined as Blue Ocean Shift, can be applied by organizations to achieve value innovation, change market boundaries and achieve profitable growth through their strategic offerings. It can help them get out of “red oceans” which may be a way to view the existing hypercompetitive world. Originality/value This paper contributes to the application of the Blue Ocean Shift process in the Indian context while studying a strategic move of an Indian firm. It showcases an example of how large Indian organizations can successfully apply the process to achieve value innovation.

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Aguilera, Orangel, and Dione Rodrigues de Aguilera. "Goliath grouper (Pisces: Serranidae) from the upper Miocene Urumaco Formation, Venezuela." Journal of Paleontology 78, no. 6 (2004): 1202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000044024.

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The goliath grouper (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae) inhabits tropical and subtropical waters. The Epinephelinae serranids are comprised of about 159 species in 15 genera (Heemstra and Randall, 1993) and are represented in all oceans. According to Heemstra and Randall (1993) the goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) occurs in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Florida to Brazil, throughout the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea, in the western Atlantic Ocean from Senegal to the Congo, and in the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Gulf of California to Peru. The maximum size is about 250 cm total length and they can exceed 320 kg in weight. The grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) occurs throughout the Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea to Algoa Bay, South Africa, and eastward to the Hawaiian and Pitcairn Islands, and in the western Pacific Ocean from southern Japan to Australia in the south. The maximum size is about 231 cm total length (Schultz, 1966) and 400 kg in weight (Fourmanoir and Laboute, 1976). These two species are the largest serranids in the world. Sadovy and Eklund (1999) noted that males reach a maximum age of 26 and females 37 years in a population of E. itajara.

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Gritsenko, Serhii. "Development Strategy for Environmentally-Oriented Transport and Logistics Clusters of the Blue Ocean." Herald of the Economic Sciences of Ukraine, no. 2(37) (December 23, 2019): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2019.2(37).151-156.

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The general aspects of the business universe, which consists of two different types of space that have a strategy of red and blue oceans, are revealed. The theoretical basis of the formation of a strategy for the development of ecologically oriented transport and logistics clusters of the blue ocean is substantiated. The mutual influence of environmental aspects, transport and logistics clusters and intelligent transport systems is argued. The relevance of introducing intelligent transport systems to improve the quality of transport services has been proved and their feasibility has been determined. A business model of the development strategy of environmentally oriented transport and logistics clusters is proposed. Keywords strategy, competitive advantages, value, ecologization, intelligent transport systems, transport and logistics clusters.

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Bui, Vuong Van, Daidu Fan, Dac Ve Nguyen, et al. "Morphological Change in the Northern Red River Delta, Vietnam." Journal of Ocean University of China 17, no. 6 (2018): 1272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11802-018-3777-2.

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Winterbottom, Richard. "Revision of the congrogadid Haliophis (Pisces: Perciformes), with the description of a new species from Indonesia, and comments on the endemic fish fauna of the northern Red Sea." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 2 (1985): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-033.

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The genus Haliophis presently consists of two species, H. guttatus (Forsskål, 1755), and a new species from Bali, Indonesia. Descriptions, diagnoses, and a key are provided for these taxa. A step cline occurs in H. guttatus, which ranges from 15° S to 30° N in the western Indian Ocean and Red Sea. Populations from 27 to 30°N differ most from those in the southern Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, but less so from those south of the equator. The step occurs between 20 and 27° N, an area from which no specimens were located, and is congruent with the distributions of at least four other taxa of fishes as well as with several populational differences in other species. This indicates that these distributional patterns may form part of a generalized track, rather than being the result of ecophenotypic effects. In the Red Sea – northern Indian Ocean region, the most common distribution of endemic fishes includes both the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. This pattern was not apparent in populations of H. guttatus.

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Ekimova, Irina A., Tatiana I. Antokhina, and Dimitry M. Schepetov. "Molecular data and updated morphological description of Flabellina rubrolineata (Nudibranchia: Flabellinidae) from the Red and Arabian seas." Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 30, no. 4 (2020): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2021.30(4).1.

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Flabellina rubrolineata was believed to have a wide distribution range, being reported from the Mediterranean Sea (non-native), the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and adjacent seas, and the Indo-West Pacific and from Australia to Hawaii. In the present paper, we provide a redescription of Flabellina rubrolineata, based on specimens collected near the type locality of this species in the Red Sea. The morphology of this species was studied using anatomical dissections and scanning electron microscopy. To place this species in the phylogenetic framework and test the identity of other specimens of F. rubrolineata from the Indo-West Pacific we sequenced COI, H3, 16S and 28S gene fragments and obtained phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian and Maximum likelihood inferences. Our morphological and molecular results show a clear separation of F. rubrolineata from the Red Sea from its relatives in the Indo-West Pacific. We suggest that F. rubrolineata is restricted to only the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea and to West Indian Ocean, while specimens from other regions belong to a complex of pseudocryptic species.

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