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1
Cardiff, Scott G., and Steven M. Goodman. "Natural History of the Red Owl (Tyto soumagnei) in Dry Deciduous Tropical Forest in Madagascar." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120, no. 4 (2008): 891–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13438674.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Recent observations of the Red Owl (Tyto soumagnei) in Madagascar demonstrated that it inhabits dry deciduous forest, and roosts on rock ledges and in cave entrances in the extreme north of the island. We observed a Red Owl at a sinkhole site in the Re´serve Spe´ciale d'Ankarana, found evidence of its use of an additional cave, and collected its pellets in three separate dry seasons between 2000 and 2003. Tsingy tufted-tailed rats (Eliurus antsingy) constituted almost 50% of the total prey mass of Red Owls at Ankarana. Their diet at Ankarana differed from that of Red Owls from Masoala in the humid northeast of Madagascar, as the Ankarana pellets contained insects, frogs, and numerous geckos. Red Owls appear to consume more native than introduced rodents and do not appear to prey upon birds or bats like other large owls on the island. Forest degradation could reduce densities of tufted-tailed rats and could be a conservation threat to this owl. Received 30 May 2006. Accepted 7 February 2008.
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Cardiff, Scott G., and Steven M. Goodman. "Natural History of the Red Owl (Tyto soumagnei) in Dry Deciduous Tropical Forest in Madagascar." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120, no. 4 (2008): 891–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13438674.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Recent observations of the Red Owl (Tyto soumagnei) in Madagascar demonstrated that it inhabits dry deciduous forest, and roosts on rock ledges and in cave entrances in the extreme north of the island. We observed a Red Owl at a sinkhole site in the Re´serve Spe´ciale d'Ankarana, found evidence of its use of an additional cave, and collected its pellets in three separate dry seasons between 2000 and 2003. Tsingy tufted-tailed rats (Eliurus antsingy) constituted almost 50% of the total prey mass of Red Owls at Ankarana. Their diet at Ankarana differed from that of Red Owls from Masoala in the humid northeast of Madagascar, as the Ankarana pellets contained insects, frogs, and numerous geckos. Red Owls appear to consume more native than introduced rodents and do not appear to prey upon birds or bats like other large owls on the island. Forest degradation could reduce densities of tufted-tailed rats and could be a conservation threat to this owl. Received 30 May 2006. Accepted 7 February 2008.
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Andreychev, Alexey. "Vocal interaction between Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Bubo bubo) and canines (Carnivora, Canidae)." Ornis Hungarica 31, no. 2 (2023): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2023-0019.
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Abstract We recorded vocal interaction in the natural environment of an Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Bubo bubo) with canines Gray Wolves (Canis lupus), Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Vocalization was recorded using Olympus digital voice recorders. The calls of the male Eurasian Eagle-Owl were recorded by us in the frequency range of 200–420 Hz. The howl of a Gray Wolf was recorded in the frequency range from 300 to 1,100 Hz. Red Fox barking was recorded in the frequency range from 750 to 1,000 Hz. Barking of domestic dogs was recorded in the frequency range from 250 to 1,500 Hz. The vocalization of the Eurasian Eagle-Owl had an independent character inherent in the biology of the species. The Eurasian Eagle-Owl, with its cries, involuntarily provoked the entry of canines into joint vocal interaction, which can be explained by the high social activity of the latter. Co-vocalizations of the Eurasian Eagle-Owl and canines were noted in winter, spring and autumn, but mainly in spring (50%). The increased use of autonomous voice recorders, which record spontaneous vocalizations emitted by animals over long periods, will allow us to better document and study the importance of such interspecific interactions.
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Virgós, Emilio, Noemí Baniandrés, Tamara Burgos, and Mariano R. Recio. "Intraguild Predation by the Eagle Owl Determines the Space Use of a Mesopredator Carnivore." Diversity 12, no. 9 (2020): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090359.
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Top predators shape the communities of sympatric predators by killing and displacing smaller predators. Predation risk pushes smaller predators to select enemy-free spaces irrespective of food availability, which results in changes in their behaviour, space use, distribution, and abundance. Although the landscape of fear dynamics are known for top predators such as the eagle owl and its impact on smaller raptors, the effect of the presence and abundance of the eagle owl on the space use of mesopredator carnivores remains poorly understood. Here, we studied this effect on the space use of the stone marten in a Mediterranean ecosystem where it shares rabbits as main prey with the eagle owl. We also accounted for the presence of another sympatric carnivore, the red fox. Using a multi-model inference, we found stone martens avoided areas with a higher abundance of eagle owls and rabbits, which suggested a hyperpredation process and a cognitive association by stone martens between rabbit hotspots and owl presence. We found a positive relationship between the space use of the red fox and the stone marten, which suggested foxes behaved as competitors and not predators of martens. Understanding intraguild predation can assist the conservation and management of predators and their prey.
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Barbazyuk, E. V., and P. V. Velmovsky. "Raptors’ Species Composition in the Buzuluk pine forest (Orenburg and Samara regions, Russia) based on observations in the past and present." Raptors Conservation, no. 2 (2023): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-482-486.
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Buzuluk pine forest is a unique pine massif with a total area of 111,118 hectares, which is located entirely in the steppe biome on the border of the Orenburg and Samara regions, in the southeastern part of the Russian Plain. This report provides some information about threatened and endangered raptors of the Buzuluk pine forest for a relatively long period of time. It uses data by scientist and ornithologist E.P. Knorre collected between 1928 and 1941, present time observations carried out since 2000 to the present, and published data by other researchers who have visited Buzuluk pine forest starting from the beginning of the 21st century. Most observations by E.P. Knorre were associated with the Pine Barrens Experimental Forestry in the Orenburg region, where “Buzuluk pine forest” Nature Reserve (10,503 hectares) existed at the time. In his unpublished monumental report “Qualitative inventory of birds and animals of the Buzuluk Pine Forest State Nature Reserve”, discovered in the archive of the current “Buzuluk Pine Forest” National Park relatively recently, E.P. Knorre listed the following raptor species found in Buzuluk Pine Forest: Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus (breeding) Red-Footed Falcon Falco vespertinus (breeding) Eurasian hobby Falco subbuteo (breeding) Saker Falcon Falco cherrug (breeding) Osprey Pandion haliaetus (highly likely breeding) European Honey-Buzzard Pernis apivorus (breeding) Black Kite Milvus migrans (breeding) White-Tailed Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla (breeding) Short-Toed Snake-Eagle Circaetus gallicus (breeding) Western Marsh-Harrier Circus aeruginosus (breeding) Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus (breeding) Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus (breeding) Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis (breeding) Eurasian Buzzard Buteo buteo (breeding) Rough-Legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus (wintering) Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga (breeding) Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca (breeding) Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos (breeding) Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops (breeding) Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo (breeding) Tawny Owl Strix aluco (breeding) Ural Owl Strix uralensis (breeding) Little Owl Athene noctua (common in autumn, the status is unclear) Northern Long-Eared Owl Asio otus (breeding) Short-Eared Owl Asio flammeus (breeding) Since the beginning of the 21st century, occurrence of most raptor species listed in report by E.P. Knorre was confirmed in the modern period of observations in Buzuluk Pine Forest. Nevertheless, such raptor species as Common Kestrel, Red-Footed Falcon, Saker Falcon, Osprey, Short-Toed Snake-Eagle, and Pallid Harrier were not recorded. Western Marsh-Harrier that once bred here was not found on the internal water lakes and swamps of the Buzuluk Pine Forest. As for the Strigiformes, Tawny Owl, Ural Owl and Northern Long- Eared Owl were recorded more frequently today. The previously breeding Eurasian Scops-Owl and Short-Eared Owl in the inner sections of the pine forest were not recently found here. Present-day breeding of Eurasian Eagle Owl requires additional confirmation. The finds of Little Owl, included in the Knorre’s report as autumn migrant, have not been confirmed yet. At the same time, new raptor species have been registered in the Buzuluk Pine Forest. These include Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus; single individual was observed in summer: Barabashin, 2001), Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus; a pair of birds in May: our data), Montagu’s Harrier (Circus pygargus; single bird in May: our data), Levant Sparrowhawk (Accipiter brevipes; single bird in May: Morozov, Kornev, 2009). According to our observations, the wellbeing of such species as Greater Spotted Eagle, White-Tailed eagle, Golden Eagle, Short-Eared Owl, Western Marsh-Harrier, Montagu’s Harrier was influenced by the ongoing climate warming in the Buzuluk Pine Forest area, which was evident from raising average annual air temperatures and decreasing precipitation. According to observations by E.P. Knorre, another serious limiting factor in the past was transformation of the forest under the influence of extensive fires and uncontrolled logging of trees. Logging and fires in pre-Soviet times led to appearance of huge empty spaces, which were then penetrated by steppe vegetation from adjacent steppe areas. Steppe formation was responsible for the appearance of such species as Common Kestrel, Red-Footed Falcon, Pallid Harrier, Eastern Imperial Eagle across inner forest areas for some time. In the 1950s, the mass pine tree plantings and increased fire control led to restoration of the forest integrity and at the same time to disappearance of Common Kestrel, Red-Footed Falcon, Pallid Harrier, relocation of breeding pairs of Eastern Imperial Eagle to outer rims of the forest.
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Van Esbroeck, Jacques. "Madagascar Red Owl Tyto soumagnei in Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar." Bulletin of the African Bird Club 13, no. 2 (2006): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.309789.
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Storer, Jessica M., Jerilyn A. Walker, Lydia C. Rewerts, et al. "Owl Monkey Alu Insertion Polymorphisms and Aotus Phylogenetics." Genes 13, no. 11 (2022): 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13112069.
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Owl monkeys (genus Aotus), or “night monkeys” are platyrrhine primates in the Aotidae family. Early taxonomy only recognized one species, Aotus trivirgatus, until 1983, when Hershkovitz proposed nine unique species designations, classified into red-necked and gray-necked species groups based predominately on pelage coloration. Recent studies questioned this conventional separation of the genus and proposed designations based on the geographical location of wild populations. Alu retrotransposons are a class of mobile element insertion (MEI) widely used to study primate phylogenetics. A scaffold-level genome assembly for one Aotus species, Aotus nancymaae [Anan_2.0], facilitated large-scale ascertainment of nearly 2000 young lineage-specific Alu insertions. This study provides candidate oligonucleotides for locus-specific PCR assays for over 1350 of these elements. For 314 Alu elements across four taxa with multiple specimens, PCR analyses identified 159 insertion polymorphisms, including 21 grouping A. nancymaae and Aotus azarae (red-necked species) as sister taxa, with Aotus vociferans and A. trivirgatus (gray-necked) being more basal. DNA sequencing identified five novel Alu elements from three different taxa. The Alu datasets reported in this study will assist in species identification and provide a valuable resource for Aotus phylogenetics, population genetics and conservation strategies when applied to wild populations.
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Andreychev, A., and A. Lapshin. "Quantitative and Qualitative Composition of Diet of the Ural Owl, Strix Uralensi (Strigidae, Strigiformes), in the Central Part of European Russia (The Example of the Republic of Mordovia)." Vestnik Zoologii 51, no. 5 (2017): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2017-0050.
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Abstract The results of the study of the Ural Owl feeding spectrum are presented. In Russia the Ural owl eats over twenty species of mammals, thirty bird species and a number of animals of other classes. The research tasks included the identification of the species of the victims of a large owl in Mordovia, their quantitative data and the characteristics of osteological material from pellets. It was found out that mammals, in particular rodents, are the basis for the Ural owl food. The Ural Owl’s diet consists mainly of gray voles (47.7 %). On the second place there is a red vole (31.4 %). The share of mice is only 7.3 %. Th e predator hunts for the forest mouse most oft en. In pellets the mass fraction of bone remains varies in the range from 3.4 to 44.8 %. Th e average proportion of bone remains is, as a rule, up to 25 %, with the content of only one or two small rodents in pellets; the remains of three to six individuals - up to 45 % of the weight of dry pellet. Among all the bones of mammals, the lower jaws, femoral and tibia bones give the greatest information about the number and composition of victims of the Ural owl. In pellets the brachial and nameless bones of the victims are presented in smaller numbers.
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Fulton, Graham R. "Owl survey of the Peel–Harvey Estuary in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 2 (2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17027.
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Little is known of owls in south-western Australia compared with the owls of southern and eastern Australia. Surveys of forest owls in the south-west are almost completely lacking. This study sought to determine the abundance and detectability of owls immediately around the Peel–Harvey Estuary in south-western Australia. The southern boobook (Ninox boobook) and the masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) were the only owls detected (n = 23 and n = 1 respectively), although the nocturnal tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) was detected from unelicited calls on three occasions. Southern boobooks were found to be common in this area though they are reported to be in decline in south-eastern and inland Australia. Their detectability was significantly greater in August (late winter) than at other times through unelicited calls; otherwise, there were no detections in winter. A variety of small mammals were detected during the surveys, including: a little red flying-fox (Pteropus scapulatus), a western ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis), 19 southern brown bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus), 4 common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), 21 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), a black rat (Rattus rattus), 2 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and 22 microbats.
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Rosenberg, Daniel K., Keith A. Swindle, and Robert G. Anthony. "Influence of prey abundance on northern spotted owl reproductive success in western Oregon." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 10 (2003): 1715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-167.
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The hypothesis that high temporal variability of northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) reproductive success is a response to prey abundance remains largely untested. We evaluated this relationship in the Oregon Cascade Mountains. Despite similar biomass of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) (169 ± 13.9 g/ha) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) (160 ± 18.8 g/ha), flying squirrels dominated the breeding season diet based on both biomass (49%) and numbers (40%). Abundance of flying squirrels and western red-backed voles (Clethrionomys californicus) was more variable spatially ([Formula: see text]38% of process variation) than temporally (15%–24%), whereas abundance of deer mice was more similar across stands (12% spatial variation) than among years (68% temporal variation). Spotted owl reproductive success was statistically associated only with the abundance of deer mice (number of young per territory: r2 = 0.68). However, deer mice comprised only 1.6 ± 0.5% of the biomass consumed. The low temporal variability of the dominant prey species provided evidence that simple prey relationship models were not likely to explain the highly synchronous and temporally dynamic patterns of spotted owl reproductive performance. Reproductive success was likely a result of the interaction of both weather and prey and the life history strategy of this long-lived owl.
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Győrig, Előd, Dániel Bodics, Péter Spakovszky, Miklós Váczi, and Dániel Winkler. "Vércse költőláda kihelyezések tapasztalatai a Mosoni-Síkon." Magyar Apróvad Közlemények 15 (2023): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17243/mavk.2023.157.
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The Mosoni Plain Natura 2000 site is one of the most western nesting sites of the strictly protected Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Hungary, and the Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is the most common nesting bird of prey in the area. The breeding success of these two species, which do not build nests, can be greatly enhanced by the installation of good quality and properly placed artificial nests boxes. Monitoring of the artificial nest-boxes was previously not regularly and entirely conducted. However, from 2019 onwards, the now nearly 100 active nest-boxes are being regularly monitored, recording nest occupancy, clutch size and fledging data for Red-footed falcon, Common Kestrel, as well as for the Long-eared owl. The presenent paper summarises the nesting records of these three species on artificial breeding sites on the Moson Plain. During the period 2019–2023, we observed a total of 12 Red-footed Falcon breedings, 7 of which were in artificial nestboxes. On average, 3.0 chicks were successfully fledged from the boxes. Regarding Common Kestrel, a total of 121 breedings were recorded in nesting boxes, of which more than 80% were successful. On average 3.84 chicks fledged per nest box. During the 5 years of the study, a total of 14 pairs of Long-eared Owl breeding were associated with artificial nest-boxes, of which 10 proved successful. A total of 35 chicks fledged successfully.
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Deb, Himika, Tanmay Sanyal, Anilava Kaviraj, and Subrata Saha. "Hazards of wind turbines on avifauna - a preliminary appraisal within the Indian context." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 4 (2020): 15414–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5165.12.4.15414-15425.
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Wind farms are substantial sources of renewable energy in India; however, their spread across the country potentially present new hazards to local and migratory birds. This study explored the risk of electrocution and collision of birds with wind turbines close to eco-sensitive zones in India, including Bakkhali, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Geographic information system and remote sensing technology were used. The results indicate vulnerability of local bird species such as barn owl, Indian Scops Owl, Blue Rock Pigeon, Asian Koel, House Crow, Common Sandpiper, Common Snipe, Ruddy Shelduck, Lesser Whistling Duck, Cattle Egret, Great Egret, and Pond Herons, as well as migratory species such as Bar-headed Goose, Red-crested Pochard, and American Black Duck. Modification of wind turbine design and location were considered determinant factors to reduce risk of bird collisions.
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Warchałowski, Marcin, Piotr Nowakowski, and Andrzej Dancewicz. "Effect of winter conditions on wild ungulates mortality in the Owl Mountains (Poland)." Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A - Forestry 57 (3) (December 10, 2015): 187–93. https://doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2015-0018.
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Relations between climatic factors during the winter season (n days with frost <0oC and –10oC; n days with snow cover: >1 cm, >10 cm and >30 cm; maximum snow cover during season [cm]) and mortality in free-living ungulates (red deer <em>Cervus elaphus</em> Linnaeus, 1758, roe deer <em>Capreolus capreolus </em>Linnaeus, 1758 and mouflon <em>Ovis aries</em> musimon Linnaeus, 1758) in the Owl Mountains (Lower Silesia – Poland) in years 1998–2010 were investigated. Significant effects of all analysed climatic factors on ungulates mortality were documented. Correlations (Pearson) between such weather factors as the depth of snow cover and number of days with frost and recorded mortality in total animal populations analysed ranged from r = 0.33 to r = 0.77. The least adapted to local weather conditions was mouflon introduced to this area ca. 100 years ago from more southern parts of Europe. Roe deer species seems to be environmentally plastic, and are doing quite well in severe winters. Tolerance of red deer to the snow cover is much lower at low temperatures due to the fact that this species, during the period of snow cover, has limited access to the plants covered with snow and difficult access to food base.
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Debus, S. J. S., and L. R. Tsang. "Further dietary samples for Eastern Barn Owls Tyto javanica near Tamworth, New South Wales, revealed by habitat clearance." Australian Field Ornithology 40 (2023): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo40046048.
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The diet of the Eastern Barn Owl Tyto javanica was investigated by examination of two samples of pellets (n = 11 and 39), pellet debris and prey remains from: (1) an occupied nest with fledgling in May 2009, and (2) an Owl’s winter roost in August 2009 near Tamworth in the grain belt of New South Wales. The breeding diet consisted, by number, of 91% mammals (90% rodents, including 87% House Mice Mus musculus) and 9% common farmland birds (n = 116 food items). The winter diet consisted of 99% House Mice and 1% bird (n = 188 food items). The fledgling Owl was killed when it failed to flush from its nest hollow as the tree was being felled, during approved clearing of the now Critically Endangered White Box–Yellow Box–Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland. Given the dependence of the Barn Owl on House Mice, and the ongoing clearing of hollow trees, we note the potential for (a) secondary poisoning of owls by rodenticides, especially during plagues of the invasive House Mouse in the grain belt, and (b) the Barn Owl’s long-term decline in abundance in New South Wales.
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Vazhov, Sergei V., Alex V. Matsyura, and Viktor M. Vazhov. "An updated review of bird diversity in Central Altai highlands." Acta Biologica Sibirica 10 (April 24, 2024): 249–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11025136.
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The Katun and North Chuya ridges are the highest and most popular mountain ranges in the Altai Republic. The Katun ridge is 150 km long and includes 386 glaciers; its highest mountain is 4509 m. The mountain ranges received the status of World Heritage Sites in 1998. The deepening tourist and recreational development of the Katun and North Chuya ridges is accompanied by a change in bird numbers and species diversity; therefore, constant monitoring is needed to support the bird species database. The purpose of our research was to supplement the modern information on the fauna and bird population of the highlands of central Altai within the Katun and North Chuya ridges. We conducted field observations during 2010-2022 in Central Altai on hiking routes along the Katun and North Chuya ridges with a total length of 1015.4 km to the highest elevation of 3400 m. The bird diversity of the Katun and North Chuya ridges is represented by 53 species from 11 orders and 21 families. We also registered 21 rare and endangered species, among them the extremely rare species are: great cormorant, ruddy shelduck, and Eurasian goshawk; very rare species are: black kite, upland buzzard, common buzzard, booted eagle, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, bearded vulture, common kestrel, red grouse, demoiselle crane, common cuckoo, scops owl, pygmy owl, nightjar, black woodpecker, Richard’s pipit, grey wagtail, red-billed chough, raven, greenish warbler, white-winged redstart, common rosefinch, and common crossbill; rare species are: sparrowhawk, red-necked phalarope, water pipit, fieldfare, long-tailed tit, marsh tit, great tit, and Brandt’s mountain finch; and the common species are: spotted nutcracker, common chiffchaff, and willow tit.
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Warchałowski, Marcin, Piotr Nowakowski, and Andrzej Dancewicz. "Effect of winter conditions on wild ungulates mortality in the Owl Mountains (Poland)." Folia Forestalia Polonica 57, no. 3 (2015): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2015-0018.
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Abstract Relations between climatic factors during the winter season (n days with frost <0oC and −10oC; n days with snow cover: >1 cm, >10 cm and >30 cm; maximum snow cover during season [cm]) and mortality in free-living ungulates (red deer Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758, roe deer Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758 and mouflon Ovis aries musimon Linnaeus, 1758) in the Owl Mountains (Lower Silesia – Poland) in years 1998–2010 were investigated. Significant effects of all analysed climatic factors on ungulates mortality were documented. Correlations (Pearson) between such weather factors as the depth of snow cover and number of days with frost and recorded mortality in total animal populations analysed ranged from r = 0.33 to r = 0.77. The least adapted to local weather conditions was mouflon introduced to this area ca. 100 years ago from more southern parts of Europe. Roe deer species seems to be environmentally plastic, and are doing quite well in severe winters. Tolerance of red deer to the snow cover is much lower at low temperatures due to the fact that this species, during the period of snow cover, has limited access to the plants covered with snow and difficult access to food base.
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Boone, Shaun, Richard W. Gerhold, and Kevin Keel. "Aerial Attack Produces Reciprocal Fatal Trauma between Great Horned Owl and Red-Shouldered Hawk." Southeastern Naturalist 9, no. 1 (2010): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/058.009.0115.
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THORSTROM, RUSSELL, JULIAN HART, and RICHARD T. WATSON. "New record, ranging behaviour, vocalization and food of the Madagascar Red Owl Tyto soumagnei." Ibis 139, no. 3 (1997): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1997.tb04661.x.
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JAKOSALEM, P. GODFREY C., NIGEL J. COLLAR, and JENNIFER A. GILL. "Habitat selection and conservation status of the endemic Ninox hawk-owl on Cebu, Philippines." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 3 (2012): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270912000317.
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SummaryThe largely deforested island of Cebu, Philippines, hosts a forest-dwelling hawk-owl identified in the literature as Ninox philippensis spilonota but which is in fact a Cebu island endemic species, soon to be named. To determine the current distribution and habitat requirements of this hawk-owl, the five largest of 11 remaining forest patches on Cebu were surveyed between March and June 2011, involving 64 post-sunset 500-m walked transects with playback and habitat assessments. Radio-telemetry studies were also conducted on 10 owls but only for 3–5 days per owl as they removed the transmitters. A total of 52 owls were located across all five forests (at 16 sites two owls responded together to playback) but only the largest forest, Alcoy, contained enough transects for analyses of habitat in relation to owl distribution. Alcoy stands on steep-sided hills and some planting of exotic species occurs within it. Owls were detected in forest interior, forest edge and forest-plantation mix in Alcoy, and on ridges and in gullies despite lower tree densities and greater proximity to clearings in the gullies. However, parts of Alcoy experience strong winds, and owl occupancy decreased significantly with increasing wind speed. Home ranges for the 10 radio-tagged owls were estimated to cover ∼10 ha, although given the short tracking periods this may be an underestimate. Suitable forest studied covers roughly 1,670 ha, with six unstudied forests totalling 250 ha, so assuming a pair every 10 ha would give a tentative global population estimate of ∼ 200 pairs of Cebu Hawk-owls, and even fewer if home ranges are larger than estimated. This, coupled with continuing habitat degradation, triggers the IUCN Red List category ‘Endangered’. Tree cavities suitable for nests may be limiting, and nest-box provision could be explored, provided this does not increase predator pressure on other rare species.
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Slobodník, Roman, and Michal Jenčo. "Overview of raptor and owl ringing in Slovakia in 2020." Raptor Journal 15, no. 1 (2021): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/srj-2021-0003.
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Abstract In 2020, 1296 raptors and owls (23 species) were ringed in Slovakia. The most abundant was the common kestrel (719 individuals), then the western marsh harrier (126) and saker falcon (92). The proportion of nestlings among all the ringed individuals was 76.7%. In the given period, 145 recoveries of raptors and owls (15 species) were recorded in the Bird Ringing Centre database. This number included 77 recoveries of colour-marked individuals recovered in our territory. There were 43 recoveries of birds ringed in Slovakia and resighted abroad. The last 25 recoveries were of individuals ringed abroad and recovered in Slovakia. In summary, most of the recoveries (of all types) were of red-footed falcon (69 recoveries), then common kestrel (17) and eastern imperial eagle (15). Most of the recovery circumstances were ring reading (almost 76% in total), findings of bird cadavers (6%) and recaptures (5%). Electrocutions and predations by other animals (3% each) were frequent causes of their deaths.
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Halleux, Dominique, and Steven M. Goodman. "The rediscovery of the Madagascar Red Owl Tyto soumagnei (Grandidier 1878) in north-eastern Madagascar." Bird Conservation International 4, no. 4 (1994): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900002859.
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SummaryThe Madagascar Red Owl, known from the eastern rainforest of central Madagascar by a few specimens collected in the nineteenth and early twentieth century and one sight record in 1973, was rediscovered in late July 1993 in north-eastern Madagascar. An adult bird, held in captivity for approximately one year, was located in the town of Andapa. According to the owner, the owl had been obtained south-west of Andapa, near the village of Antanamangotroka, in a forested area connected to the Réserve Spéciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, and at about 800 m above sea-level. This record expands the known geographic range of this species and provides the first documentation of its continued existence in over 20 years.La Chouette de Soumagne, connue de la forêt pluviale orientale du Domaine du Centre de Madagascar à travers quelques spécimens collectés au 19ème siècle et début du 20ème siècle et d'aprés une observation en 1973, a été redécouverte à la fin du mois de juillet 1993 au nord-est de Madagascar. Un individu adulte, qui venait de passer plus d'un an en captivité, a été découvert dans la ville d'Andapa. D'après la personne qui détenait l'animal, la chouette avait été capturee au sud-ouest d'Andapa, pres du village d'Antanamangotroka, au sein d'une zone forestière connectée avec la Réserve Spéciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, à une altitude d'environ 800 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer. Cette nouvelle donnée constitue une expansion significative de l'aire de distribution de cette espèce et apporte la preuve de la survie de cette espèce endémique qui n'avait pas été observee depuis plus de 20 ans.
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Barros Monteiro, F. O., L. N. Coutinho, K. F. de Araújo, et al. "Biochemical and haematological parameters in owl monkeys infected and uninfected withTrypanoxyurissp." Journal of Helminthology 83, no. 3 (2009): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x08156772.
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AbstractThe objective of the present study was to report the occurrence ofTrypanoxyurisin owl monkeys, using data from clinical and haematological examinations, as well as clinical chemistry (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) of infected and uninfected animals. Twenty animals in apparently good clinical health were studied. The coproparasitological examinations showed eggs compatible withTrypanoxyurissp. in 50% of animals. The number of red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the males, compared to the females, irrespective of parasitism. However, comparing segmented neutrophils in infected males and females, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed. All blood chemistry values were considered normal for the species pattern, even though significant differences were observed for BUN and ALT in infected males. The infection byTrypanoxyurissp. did not appear to interfere with the clinical condition of animals.
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Cardiff, Scott G., and Steven M. Goodman. "Natural History of the Red Owl (Tyto soumagnei) in Dry Deciduous Tropical Forest in Madagascar." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120, no. 4 (2008): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/06-074.1.
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Upton, Steve J., Terry W. Campbell, Maure Weigel, and Richard D. McKown. "The Eimeriidae (Apicomplexa) of raptors: review of the literature and description of new species of the genera Caryospora and Eimeria." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 6 (1990): 1256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-187.
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Four new species of Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) are reported from North American raptors. Caryospora kansasensis sp.nov., in the feces of Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni, has ovoid oocysts which measure 37.2 × 32.6 (32.8–40.0 × 29.6–36.0) μm. Caryospora lindsayi sp.nov., from the red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis, has subspherical oocysts measuring 33.7 × 31.6 (31.2–36.0 × 30.4–32.8) μm. Eimeria megabubonis sp.nov. from the feces of the great horned owl, Bubo virginianus, has ovoid oocysts measuring 32.7 × 28.9 (28.8–36.0 × 27.2–32.0) μm. Eimeria varia sp.nov., from the barred owl, Strix varia, measures 33.1 × 30.5 (31.2 × 36.0 × 28.0–32.0) μm. In addition to the above new species, Caryospora arcayae Volcań and Medrano, 1984 is recorded for the first time from North America and is redescribed from a new host, the broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus. Oocysts of Caryospora uptoni and Eimeria bubonis, as well as sporocysts of Sarcocystis/Frenkelia spp., were also found. A table is provided listing key features of the known species of Caryospora and Eimeria of raptors.
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Marks-Fife, Chad A., Eric D. Forsman, and Katie M. Dugger. "Age Distribution of Red Tree Voles in Northern Spotted Owl Pellets Estimated from Molar Tooth Development." Northwest Science 93, no. 3-4 (2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/046.093.0304.
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Daskalova, Girgina, Peter Shurulinkov, and Georgi Popgeorgiev. "Distribution, population density and habitat preferences of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in Sliven and Yambol districts, SE Bulgaria." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 2 (September 12, 2019): e46515. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.2.e46515.
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The Barn Owl (<em>Tyto alba </em>Gould, 1837) is a rare and endangered species in Bulgaria, included in the Red Data Book (Golemansky 2015) as "Vulnerable", with national population estimated at 200–700 pairs. Barn Owl presence was surveyed using sound provocation during the night at 161 points in 52 small to medium-sized settlements in Sliven and Yambol districts (Thracian plain, SE Bulgaria). The studied territory was about 1190 km<sup>2</sup>. The habitats presented in a 3-km radius around the presence and potential absence points were statistically analysed. The species was found to be a quite common breeding species in the study area – a total of 56 Barn Owls were registered, at 50 points (31.1%), in 31 settlements (62% of all studied). Clear defensive behavior was observed against the source of the sound in many occasions. The average density of the population was 4.2 occupied territories / 100 km<sup>2</sup>. The occupied locations were situated mostly in settlements laying in deforested lowland areas (far from large forest patches), with flat or hilly relief, covered by agricultural lands, pastures and steppes. The number of presences was found to be scarce in villages along heavily used motorways. Traffic-caused mortality of Barn Owls is commented as a probable explanation.
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Wayman, Chloe, Francisca Fernández-Piñas, Irene López-Márquez, et al. "Unraveling Plastic Pollution in Protected Terrestrial Raptors Using Regurgitated Pellets." Microplastics 3, no. 4 (2024): 671–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics3040041.
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The threat of plastic pollution has escalated to unprecedented levels, with particular concern surrounding microplastics (MPs) and artificial fibers or particles (AFs) due to their wide distribution across ecosystems and their bioavailability to wildlife. Although research on the impact of plastic on wild birds is rapidly growing, knowledge of terrestrial species remains limited, especially regarding raptors, which have been significantly understudied. Here, we investigated the prevalence of MPs and AFs in regurgitated pellets from six protected terrestrial raptor species, namely the Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus), the Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata), the Little Owl (Athene noctua), the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni), the Red Kite (Milvus milvus), and the Barn Owl (Tyto alba), collected between 2022 and 2023. Our analysis revealed that 68% of the pellets contained MPs (47 out of 69), and 81% contained AFs (56 out of 69). Additionally, two macroplastics were found inside the pellets: a cable tie in a Red Kite and a bird identification ring in a Cinereous Vulture. The concentrations (mean ± standard error of the mean) were 2.39 ± 0.39 MPs/pellet and 5.16 ± 0.72 AFs/pellet. The concentration of MPs and AFs varied significantly among some of the studied species; however, no significant differences were observed among urban, rural, and protected areas. This could indicate that contamination levels are mainly related to the type of species. Fibers emerged as the predominant contaminant shape, with six different polymers identified, among which PET, PE, and acrylics were the most prevalent. These findings highlight that plastic pollution has reached protected terrestrial raptors and that the impact of plastic on their life cycles needs to be assessed.
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Mikhailov, Konstantin E., and Yury B. Shibnev. "The threatened and near-threatened birds of northern Ussuriland, south-east Russia, and the role of the Bikin River basin in their conservation." Bird Conservation International 8, no. 2 (1998): 141–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900003233.
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SummaryFieldwork on the distribution, habitat preferences and status of birds was conducted in the Bikin River basin, northern Ussuriland, south-east Russia, during May–July 1992,1993,1995,1996 and 1997. The results of this survey combined with data collected during 1960–1990, show the area to be of high conservation priority and one of the most important for the conservation of Blakiston's Fish Owl Ketupa blakistoni, Chinese Merganser Mergus squamatus, Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata and Hooded Crane Grus monacha. This paper reports on all of the 13 threatened and near-threatened breeding species of northern Ussuriland, with special emphasis on their occurrence and status in the Bikin area. Three more species, included in the Red Data Book of Russia, are also briefly discussed. Maps show the distribution of the breeding sites of the species discussed. The establishment of a nature reserve in the lower Bikin area is suggested as the only way to conserve the virgin Manchurian-type habitats (wetlands and forests), and all 10 species of special conservation concern. Monitoring of the local populations of Blakiston's Fish Owl, Chinese Merganser and Mandarin Duck in the middle Bikin is required.
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Seddon, Nathalie, Jonathan M. M. Ekstrom, David R. Capper, et al. "Notes on the ecology and conservation status of key bird species in Nilo and Nguu North Forest Reserves, Tanzania." Bird Conservation International 9, no. 1 (1999): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900003312.
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SummaryOrnithological surveys were conducted in Tanzanian submontane forest at Nilo Forest Reserve in the East Usambaras and Nguu North Forest Reserve in the Nguu Mountains in July-September 1995. Information on the ecology of poorly known bird species of conservation interest was collected and combined with previously published information to assess their conservation status. Sixteen species of conservation interest were recorded during fieldwork, including five Vulnerable (Usambara Eagle Owl Bubo vosseleri, East Coast Akalat Sheppardia gunningi, Amani Sunbird Anthreptes pallidigaster, Banded Green Sunbird Anthreptes rubritorques and Usambara Weaver Ploceus nicolli); three Near-threatened (Southern Banded Snake Eagle Circaetus fasciolatus, Fischer's Turaco Tauraco fischeri and Moreau's Sunbird Nectarinia moreaui); one regionally Endangered (Southern Hyliota Hyliota australis); one regionally Vulnerable (Uluguru Violet-backed Sunbird Anthreptes neglectus), two regionally Near-threatened (Lemon Dove Aplopelia lavata and Evergreen Forest Warbler Bradypterus barratti); and 10 in total as restricted-range species (Fischer's Turaco, Usambara Eagle Owl, Sharpe's Akalat Sheppardia sharpei, Red-capped Forest Warbler Orthotomus metopias, Spot-throat Modulatrix stictigula, Amani Sunbird, Banded Green Sunbird, Moreau's Sunbird, Kenrick's Starling Poeoptera kenricki and Usambara Weaver). New information on the ecology of these species is presented in this paper. It is recommended that the conservation status of East Coast Akalat and Uluguru Violet-backed Sunbird be changed to globally Near-threatened and regionally Near-threatened, respectively. Should further work confirm that the Usambara race of Southern Hyliota deserves specific status it is strongly recommended that it be considered globally Endangered. All other species recorded should retain their current status and continue to be monitored. The Nguus represented a new locality for several species. Sharpe's Akalat, Spot-throat, Red-Capped Forest Warbler, otherwise widely distributed throughout the east Tanzania, were absent from the Nguus.
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Boyd, Roger L., Árpád S. Nyári, Brett W. Benz, and Guojun Chen. "Aves, province of Guizhou, China." Check List 4, no. 2 (2008): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/4.2.107.
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We report our inventories of birds observed and collected at three field sites from the province of Guizhou, southeastern China. Our findings detailed herein complement our previous ornithological surveys from Guangxi province, as part of a comprehensive biotic survey of the region. Of 153 total bird species recorded, 17 were new for the province, among which several taxa of conservational importance, such as: Golden Pheasant Crysolophus pictus, Tawny Fish-Owl Ketupa flavipes, Black-breasted Thrush Turdus dissimilis, Fujian Flycatcher Niltava davidii, Red-tailed Laughingthrush Garrulax milnei, and Slaty Bunting Latoucheornis siemsseni. These records provide the most recent insight into the current status of the habitats and the avian biodiversity of an important, yet sparsely surveyed and reported biogeographic region.
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Uecker, Jeffry. "Lewis and Clark Territory: Contemporary Artists Revisit Place, Race, and Memory by Rock Hushka, Thomas Red Owl Haukaas." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105, no. 3 (2004): 530–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ohq.2004.0032.
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Irwin, Mitchell T., and Karen E. Samonds. "Range extension of the Madagascar Red Owl Tyto soumagnei in Madagascar: the case of a rare, widespread species?" Ibis 144, no. 4 (2002): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919x.2002.00096.x.
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Nagao, Kenji, Naomi Takenaka, Momoki Hirai, and Shoji Kawamura. "Coupling and decoupling of evolutionary mode between X- and Y-chromosomal red-green opsin genes in owl monkeys." Gene 352 (June 2005): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.04.008.
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Kuzmenko, Yu. "Eurasian Pygmy-owl Glaucidium passerinum in Ukrainian Polissia." Studia Biologica 14, no. 4 (2020): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1404.638.
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Background. The Eurasian Pygmy-owl Glaucidium passerinum (Linnaeus, 1758) is a rare and poorly studied species in Ukraine. It is listed in the Red Data book of Ukraine [2]. Its breeding locations can be found in the Carpathians, Roztochia and Polissia. There are insufficient data the on distribution and current state of abundance of Eurasian Pygmy-owl as well as breeding biology of the species on the territory of Polissia. Materials and Methods. The published data, internet sources, and unpublished materials of colleagues were used in addition to our own observations. Special studies were conducted on permanent study sites in Polissia Nature Reserve (Olevsk and Ovruch districts, Zhytomyr region) and Desniansko-Starohutskyi National Nature Park (Seredyno-Buda district, Sumy region). Small expeditions were organized to other locations within Polissia. Studies of this species were conducted in conjunction with the study of other owl species. They included surveys, behavioral observations, and ecology studies. During the surveys, the registrations on the routes of natural vocalization of adult owls were made at twilight and at night; in cases when natural vocalization was absent, the recordings of mating calls of males and females were played [1]. The maximum distance of species registration by calling (500 m) was used for breeding density estimation. Results. During the breeding period, the Eurasian Pygmy-owl was found in all regions of Polissia. The southern boundary of that area lies near the villages Perebrody, Dubrovytsia district [12] – Karasyn, Sarny district [12] – Kochychyne, Yemilchyn district – Lypnyky, Luhyny district – Velyki Klishchi, Narodychi district – Stavrovka, Ivankiv district. The second site of regular breeding is the territory of Desniansko-Starohutskyi National Nature Park, where the species has been detected since 1996 [13]. For the first time, on the territory of Polissia, two nests in Zhytomyr and Sumy regions were found. For the first time in Ukraine, the clutch was measured. Behavioral observations of owls in breeding sites were conducted. Food remains were collected and identified. Conclusions. The Eurasian Pygmy-owl is a breeding species in Ukrainian Polissia. The average breeding density in Polissia is 5.8 pairs/100 sq. km. The permanent breeding range was identified; it covers the northeastern part of Rivne region, the northern part of Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions, the northeastern part of Chernihiv region and the northern part of Sumy region, on the area of 18.1 thousand sq. km. The estimated breeding population of this species is 330 pairs. During the mating season, there are two peaks of natural 24-hour vocalization activity: in the evening and morning twilight. In the evening, males often begin to call 30 min after sunset, in the morning – 30 min before sunrise. In the autumn-winter period, birds either stay within their breeding areas or migrate, flying outside the breeding habitats. The increase in the number of registrations is due to special surveys taking into account the narrow interval of 24-hour natural vocalization activity in the twilight period and the use of phonogram reproduction techniques. Keywords: Eurasian Pygmy-owl, breeding, abundance, behavior, Polissia, Ukraine
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Slobodník, Roman, and Michal Jenčo. "Summary of raptor and owl ringing in Slovakia in the period from 2012 to 2019." Raptor Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/srj-2020-0007.
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Abstract Between 2012 and 2019, 6523 raptors and owls (30 species) were ringed in Slovakia. The most abundant was the common kestrel (2811 individuals), then the western marsh harrier (664) and saker falcon (517). The proportion of nestlings among all the ringed individuals was 84.4%. In the given period, 340 recoveries of raptors and owls (23 species) were recorded in the ringing station database. This number included 160 recoveries of individuals colour-marked and also recovered in our territory. There were 83 recoveries of birds ringed in Slovakia and resighted abroad. The last 97 recoveries were of individuals ringed abroad and recovered in Slovakia. In summary, most of the recoveries (of all types) were of Eastern imperial eagle (62 recoveries), then red-footed falcon (51) and common kestrel (43). Most of the recovery circumstances were ring reading (44% in total), recaptures (15%) and findings of bird cadavers. Regarding raptors or owls, collisions with vehicles (5%) and electrocutions (5%) were frequent causes of their deaths.
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Dorzhiev, Tsydypzhap Zayatuevich, Evgeniya Nikolaevna Badmaeva, Tsogtbaatar Dayanzhav, Uuganbaya Enkhsaikhan, and Ariyana Tomur-oolovna Saaya. "Use of corvids’ nests by other bird species in Baikal Siberia and Mongolia." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 3 (2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201983105.
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The paper presents the species composition of corvids in Baikal Siberia and Mongolia. More than 700 nests of 8 species of corvids in Transbaikalia, Baikal and Mongolia were examined. 133 cases of using nests of 5 species of corvids (Magpies, Eastern Carrion Crow, Rooks and Daurian Jackdaws) by other species of birds were noted. Nests of small corvids do not attract other birds. Nests of magpies are most commonly used; they are characterized by a specific structure. Of the 8 species that use corvid nests for nesting, Amur red-footed Falcon and long-eared owl are obligate tenants. Then goes Kestrel that prefers magpie nests. The number of these types in many places is determined by the abundance of magpies and crows. In recent years, due to the high number of magpies, the number of Amur falcons in the region is growing. They began following magpies to penetrate the outskirts of Ulan-Ude. Three species (Mallard, hobby, tree sparrows) are considered optional to be the tenants and three other species (Ruddy Shelduck, Long-eared Owl and House Sparrow) are considered to be random. Tree sparrows often nest in the magpie nests in natural habitats. Almost all types of tenants use old nests of the owners. Regional features in the use of corvid nests are revealed. Some species in different regions do not prefer the same nests of different types of corvids.
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Boyd, Roger, Árpád Nyári, Brett Benz, and Guojun Chen. "Aves, province of Guizhou, China." Check List 4, no. (2) (2008): 107–14. https://doi.org/10.15560/4.2.107.
Full textAbstract:
We report our inventories of birds observed and collected at three field sites from the province of Guizhou, southeastern China. Our findings detailed herein complement our previous ornithological surveys from Guangxi province, as part of a comprehensive biotic survey of the region. Of 153 total bird species recorded, 17 were new for the province, among which several taxa of conservational importance, such as: Golden Pheasant <em>Crysolophus pictus</em>, Tawny Fish-Owl <em>Ketupa flavipes</em>, Black-breasted Thrush <em>Turdus dissimilis</em>, Fujian Flycatcher <em>Niltava davidii, </em>Red-tailed Laughingthrush <em>Garrulax milnei</em>, and Slaty Bunting <em>Latoucheornis siemsseni</em>. These records provide the most recent insight into the current status of the habitats and the avian biodiversity of an important, yet sparsely surveyed and reported biogeographic region.
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Peters, Susan E., and Charles S. Dobbins. "A comparative study of the mechanics of the pectoralis muscle of the red-tailed hawk and the barred owl." Journal of Morphology 273, no. 3 (2011): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.11024.
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Sibirkina, A. R., L. V. Trofimova, and D. S. Lushnikov. "Functional zoning of the Sanarsky State Nature Complex Reserve of the Chelyabinsk region by the method of decoding aerial photographs." Forestry Bulletin 6, no. 6 (2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2021-6-79-88.
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The article provides data on the Sanarsky nature reserve in the Chelyabinsk region. A map-diagram for the functional zoning of the reserve is proposed. It provides the information on the negative factors affecting the reserve such as forest fires, commercial and hobby hunting, the Chelyabinsk — Magnitogorsk motorway which divides the territory of the reserve into two parts. The analysis of the probable habitat of 10 vertebrate species has been carried out. The article presents a biological description and ecology features of animals listed in the Red Book and living on the territory of the reserve, including one species of amphibians — Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii Dybowski, 1870), one species of snakes of the genus Copperheads, the family of snakes — smooth snake (Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768), four species of birds, two of the hawk family — the Pale Harrier (Circus macrourus SG Gmelin, 1770) and the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca Savigny, 1809), the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos L., 1758) — the largest eagle and the Owl (Bubo bubo L., 1758) from the owl family; two species from the order bats — Brandt’s Moth (Myotis brandtii Eversmann, 1845) and Woodbat (Pipistrellus nathusii Keyserling & Blasius, 1839); one species of the Lagomorph family — the Steppe pika (Ochotona pusilla) and one species from the Jerboa family — the Great Jerboa (Allactaga major Kerr, 1792). It has been established that within the reserve three functional zones can be distinguished such as a recreation zone, an economic zone, a specially protected zone. On this basis, a map-diagram of the functional zoning of the Sanarsky State Natural Complex Reserve has been developed.
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Reid, Donald G., Frank I. Doyle, Alice J. Kenney, and Charles J. Krebs. "Some Observations of Short-eared Owl, Asio flammeus, Ecology on Arctic Tundra, Yukon, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 125, no. 4 (2012): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v125i4.1259.
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We investigated nesting behavior, food habits, and interspecific interactions of Short-eared Owls (Asio flammeus) within an arctic tundra raptor community on Herschel Island and Komakuk Beach, northern Yukon, Canada. Short-eared Owls were the least common nesting raptor. We found only three nests, all on Herschel Island. All nests were on relatively elevated sites with fairly substantial vegetative cover. All nests failed in the egg stage, from a combination of human disturbance and possible predation by Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) or Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes). Short-eared Owls nested only in years when small rodent densities were at least 4 to 5 individuals per hectare in the spring. Short-eared Owls ate Northern Collared Lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus), Brown Lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus), and Tundra Voles (Microtus oeconomus) almost exclusively, without clear selectivity. Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) killed two adult Short-eared Owls. In northern Yukon, the Short-eared Owl remains an uncommon summer resident and uses the region as a migration route. Spring rodent densities and interspecific predation are prominent limiting factors, and human disturbance also limits nesting success. We recommend restricting access to most tundra areas during periods when the birds are mating, initiating nesting, and incubating eggs. We recommend that human infrastructure be designed so that it cannot support novel nesting (and therefore local range expansion) by other nesting raptors that compete with and prey on Short-earned Owls.
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Torget, Vidar, Aksel Bernhoft, Mette HB Müller, et al. "The red listed eagle owl (Bubo bubo) population in Norway is exposed to POP levels exceeding threshold values for adverse health effects." Environment International 186 (April 2024): 108650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108650.
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Berg, Åke, Urban Emanuelsson, and Markus Rehnberg. "Inventering av fåglar i Rautasområdet 1978 och 2001 – populationsförändringar i ett fjällområde." Ornis Svecica 14, no. 4 (2004): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v14.22760.
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The breeding bird fauna of the Rautas mountain area, south of Torne träsk in northern Sweden, was censused in 1978 and 2001. Sixtyseven 2x2 km squares were censused along 9.6 km transects within each square. Thirtyone of the 63 analysed species showed no significant population changes, 20 species had decreased significantly, and 12 species had increased significantly. Among the increasing species were: Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus, Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudus, Redpoll Carduelis flammea, and Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus. Among the 20 decreasing species were: Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria, Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus, Bluethroat Luscinia svecica, and Lapland Bunting Calcarius lapponica. A Correspondence analysis revealed that a relatively large proportion of the species in alpine heathlands had decreased, while there was a mixture of stable, increasing and decreasing species at the woodland and wetland end of the gradient. A possible explanation to the observed population changes could be an increasing number of reindeer in the Swedish mountains since the 1970s, since overgrazing can affect both the availability of nest sites and food negatively.
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Vazhov, Sergey V., Alex V. Matsyura, Viktor M. Vazhov, and Elena V. Cherdantseva. "Fauna and population of non-Passerine birds in the lower reaches of the Bolshaya Rechka River (Altai Territory, Bolsherechensky reserve)." Acta Biologica Sibirica 9 (September 24, 2023): 625–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8370739.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide additional information on the non-Passerine bird fauna and populations in the Bolsherechensky Nature Reserve, specifically within the Bolshaya Rechka River valley. Located in Altai Krai, the reserve occupies a typical territory of the Upper Ob forest massif. Protecting the habitats of rare and endangered bird species is one of the primary goals of the reserve. However, despite previous studies, our understanding of the avifauna and bird populations remains insufficient. To address this, we conducted bird surveys in the reserve during spring and summer of 2012, 2013, 2017, and 2021, specifically within the Bolshaya Rechka River valley. The results revealed that the summer breeding community of non-Passerine birds in the Bolsherechensky reserve consists of 48 species from 18 families and 12 orders. Additionally, we discovered 11 rare and endangered bird species previously unrecorded in the reserve. In particular, seven of these species lack specific distribution information in the latest regional Red Data Books, including the Black stork (<em>Ciconia nigra</em>), Oriental honey buzzard (<em>Pernis ptilorhynchus</em>), Peregrine falcon (<em>Falco peregrinus</em>), Red-footed falcon (<em>Falco vespertinus</em>), Common wood pigeon (<em>Columba palumbus</em>), Eurasian pygmy owl (<em>Glaucidium passerinum</em>), and European bee-eater (<em>Merops apiaster</em>). In general, our study significantly improves our knowledge of the non-Passerine bird fauna and population of non-Passerine birds in the lower reaches of the Bolshaya Rechka River within the Bolsherechensky Nature Reserve. The findings are valuable for the improvement of biodiversity protection measures.
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GREEN, KATHLEEN E., BRONWEN M. DANIEL, SAMUEL P. LLOYD, et al. "Out of the darkness: the first comprehensive survey of the Critically Endangered Anjouan Scops Owl Otus capnodes." Bird Conservation International 25, no. 3 (2014): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000185.
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SummaryAlthough birds are among the best studied taxa, many of the globally threatened species lack the information required to fully assess their conservation status and needs. One such species is the Anjouan Scops Owl Otus capnodes which was presumed extinct until its rediscovery to science in 1992. Based on the limited extent and decline of the moist forests in the highlands of Anjouan in the Comoro Islands, a population size of only 100–200 pairs was estimated and the species was classified as ‘Critically Endangered’. The current study is the first comprehensive survey ever conducted on this species, and aimed to establish the current distribution and population size. Point counts with distance sampling were conducted across the agroforestry and forest zones of Anjouan in both a dry and wet season. A niche suitability model predicted the species distribution to be wider than expected with owls observed as low as 300 m altitude and in highly modified agroforestry habitats. However, the encounter rate in natural relatively undisturbed forest was significantly greater than in other habitats. The wider than expected geographic range of O. capnodes supports a possible downlisting of this species on the IUCN Red List to ‘Endangered’. Population size was found to be far greater than previously thought, at approximately 3,450 individual owls in the dry season and 5,450 in the wet season. These results show the importance of investing in robust surveys of poorly known and cryptic bird species, and provide up to date and important information for landscape scale conservation planning in the Comoros Islands.
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Bolette, David P. "A NEW OLIGACANTHORHYNCHID ACANTHOCEPHALAN DESCRIBED FROM THE GREAT HORNED OWL, BUBO VIRGINIANUS (STRIGIDAE), AND RED-TAILED HAWK, BUTEO JAMAICENSIS (ACCIPITRIDAE), FROM CENTRAL ARIZONA, U.S.A." Journal of Parasitology 93, no. 1 (2007): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-3573.1.
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Kotler, Burt P., Joel S. Brown, Sonny S. Bleicher, and Keren Embar. "Intercontinental-wide consequences of compromise-breaking adaptations: the case of desert rodents." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 62, no. 3-4 (2016): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15659801.2015.1125832.
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Desert rodent assemblages from around the world provide convergent, but independent crucibles for testing theory and deducing general ecological principles. The heteromyid rodents of North America and the gerbils of the Middle East and their predators provide such an example. Both sets of rodents face predation from owls and vipers, but the North American species possess unique traits that may represent macroevolutionary breakthroughs: rattlesnakes have infra-red sensitive sensory pits, and heteromyids have cheek pouches. To test their significance, we brought together two gerbils (Middle East), two heteromyid rodents (a kangaroo rat and a pocket mouse; North America) in a common setting (a vivarium in the Negev Desert), and quantified the “opinions” of the rodents towards the North American sidewinder rattlesnake and the Middle Eastern Saharan horned viper and the foraging behavior of each in the face of these snake predators plus owl predators. Gerbils are fairly evenly matched in their anti-predator abilities, while the heteromyids differ widely, and these seem to match well with and may determine the types of mechanisms of species coexistence that operate in the communities of each continent. Evolutionary history, macroevolutionary traits, and risk management therefore combine to determine the characteristics of the organisms and the organization of their communities.
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Slobodník, Roman, Filip Tulis, Jozef Chavko, and Jozef Lengyel. "Monitoring of colonies and provisioning of rooks with nest material as a potential tool for stabilizing colonies and increasing nesting opportunities in the countryside. Project report." Slovak Raptor Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/srj-2017-0004.
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Abstract The rook is a species inhabiting open agricultural landscape whose non-active nests are also used by other bird species for nesting. It is the decline in rook colonies that has been posited as one of the reasons for decrease in the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) population in Slovakia since the 1970s. During the period from 2012 till 2016, four monitorings of rook colonies were carried out in south-western Slovakia (Diakovce, Nitrianska Osada, Sokolce and Tvrdošovce). In the colony at Tvrdošovce, supporting activity involving provisioning of rooks with nest material was under way from 2014 until 2016. While the colonies at Diakovce and Nitrianska Osada have been showing a slight decrease in the number of nesting rooks, despite larger interannual differences the colony at Sokolce has been showing an upward trend. The size of the colony at Tvrdošovce has been stable since the beginning of the supporting activity. This activity had a statistically significant positive effect on the width of rook nests. In 74 cases in the studied rook colonies we have recorded nesting by three other bird species – Eurasian kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) 43.8%, western jackdaw (Corvus monedula) 39.7% and long-eared owl (Asio otus) 16.4%. In 2015 two female redfooted falcons were observed in the colony at Tvrdošovce.
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Bernard, Nadine, Dominique Michelat, Francis Raoul, Jean-Pierre Quéré, Pierre Delattre, and Patrick Giraudoux. "Dietary response of Barn Owls (Tyto alba) to large variations in populations of common voles (Microtus arvalis) and European water voles (Arvicola terrestris)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 4 (2010): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-011.
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The diet of the Barn Owl ( Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769)) was studied over an 8-year period in the Jura mountains of France, during two population surges of its main rodent prey (common voles, Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778), and European water voles, Arvicola terrestris (L.,1758)), allowing us to test whether T. alba is an opportunistic predator as is often cited in the literature or exhibits more complex patterns of prey selection as is reported in arid environments. Small mammals were sampled by trapping and index methods. We observed (i) significant correlations between the proportions of A. terrestris, M. arvalis, and woodland rodents in the diet and their respective densities in the field; (ii) interactions between populations of A. terrestris and M. arvalis, indicating that the proportion of each species in diet was affected by the density of the other; (iii) proportions of red-toothed shrews (genus Sorex (L., 1758)) in the diet did not correlate with their abundance in the field, indicating that those species were likely to be preyed upon when others were no longer available. This confirms that T. alba is generally opportunistic; however, prey selection of a focal species (e.g., Sorex spp., grassland species) can be affected by the density or availability of the other prey species.
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Donegan, Thomas, Trevor Ellery, J. Andrea Pacheco G., Juan Carlos Verhelst, and Paul Salaman. "Revision of the status of bird species occurring or reported in Colombia 2018." Revista Conservación Colombiana 25 (November 30, 2018): 4–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54588/cc2018v25n01a01.
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Chilean Flamingo Phoenicopterus chilensis, an Antshrike Thamnophilus sp., Yellow-crowned Elaenia Myiopagis flavivertex and Red-crested Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus are each newly added to the Colombian bird checklist, based on photographic records. Ochraceous Wren Troglodytes ochraceus is added based on a sonogram of an archived sound recording. Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda, Juan Fernandez Petrel Pterodroma externa, White-chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis, Tahiti Petrel Pseudobulweria rostrate, Gould's Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera and Lincoln's Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii are each added as unconfirmed based on sight records. Following new publications and a revision, several species are removed from Colombia's checklist: South American Tern Sterna hirundinacea, Christmas Shearwater Puffinus navitatis, White-bellied Storm-Petrel Fregetta grallaria, Bluish-fronted Jacamar Galbula cyanescens, Black-necked Araçari Pteroglossus aracari, Undulated Antshrike Frederickena unduliger, Chestnut-shouldered Antwren Euchrepomis humeralis, Painted Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum pictum, Roraiman Flycatcher Myiophobus roraimae, Couch's Kingbird Tyrannus couchii and Dotted Tanager Tangara varia. New photographic records allow White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis and Pacific Parrotlet Forpus coelestis to be promoted from unconfirmed to confirmed status. Short-tailed Field Tyrant Muscigralla brevicauda is returned to confirmed status based on a specimen and further supported by new photographic records presented here. We publish sonograms of archived sound recordings so as to promote Buffthroated Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus rufigularis and Foothill Schiffornis Schiffornis aenea to confirmed status. Imperial Snipe Gallinago imperialis and Beautiful Treerunner Margarornis bellulus are now known from field observations as well as historical "Bogotá" specimens. Following status revisions, various species are downgraded to unconfirmed status, namely: Galapagos Penguin Spheniscus mendiculus, Little Woodstar Chaetocercus bombus, Black Nunbird Monasa atra, Graychested Greenlet Hylophilus semicinereus, Guianan Gnatcatcher Polioptila guianensis, Pirre Chlorospingus Chlorospingus inornatus, Pine Warbler Setophaga pinus and Palm Warbler Setophaga palmarum (the latter being confirmed on San Andrés and Providencia only, with photographs presented here). We present details of an overlooked specimen record for Colombia and new photographic records of Cape May Warbler Setophaga tigrina and Crimson-breasted Finch Rhodospingus cruentus as well as photographic records of White-bellied Spinetail Mazaria propinqua, Ecuadorian Tyrannulet Phylloscartes gualaquizae and Pink-footed Shearwater Ardenna creatopus, all of which we retain as confirmed species. We present new information on the status of the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos and Feral Pigeon Columba livia as breeding and introduced species. Common Quail Coturnix coturnix is a newly recorded escaped species that lacks evidence of establishment. Island Canary Serinus canaria and Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata are now confirmed escapees, due to photographic records. Splits are accepted of Rufescent Antshrike Thamnistes rufescens and Choco Screech-Owl Megascops centralis, with Bogota Sunangel Heliangelus zusii and Colombian Screech-Owl Megascops colombianus no longer recognized as valid species. Several amendments to genus and species names, English names and linear order are made, following recent publications. The Colombian checklist changes to 1,934 species (excluding escapees). Methods for categorizing records and the assessment of the status of species for a national checklist are discussed, in terms of the kinds of records (sight records, photographs, sound recordings, telemetry, specimens, etc), escaped or introduced species and taxonomy. We discuss all identified differences between our list and another recently published checklist of Colombia's birds
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Stój, Marian, Robert Kruszyk, Dorota Zawadzka, and Grzegorz Zawadzki. "Habitat Impacts on the Golden Eagle’s Foraging Ecology and Nest Site Selection in Poland." Diversity 16, no. 2 (2024): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16020123.
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The Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos (hereafter GE) is one of Europe’s largest avian top predators. The present study recognizes the habitat characteristics and food composition of the GE in Poland. The research was carried out in the Polish part of the Carpathian Mountains. The GEs built nests mainly on old coniferous trees and strongly preferred the Silver Fir Abies alba. On average, within a 5 km buffer around the nest, forests covered about 2/3 of the area, while open land with villages was at 31% and water was about 1%. Birds preferred areas with less forest cover than in the random points, but the nests were significantly further from the countryside than the distance measured for the drawn points distributed in the GEs’ range in Poland. Their diet during the breeding season was assessed by analyzing pellets and food remains. The proportion of birds was 55.7%, mammals was 43.4%, and reptiles was 0.9%. The ten most common prey species included the Domestic Pigeon Columba livia, the Ural Owl Strix uralensis, the Tawny Owl Strix aluco, the Buzzard Buteo buteo, the Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus, the Martens Martes sp., and the Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, which composed 70% of food items. Our results showed that the GE is a top predator, as evidenced by the high share of other predators—both mammal and bird species—in its diet, which constituted about 34% of identified preys. The diet of the studied GE population showed geographical variation, suggesting local adaptations to available prey species. The share of Roe Deer increased from west to east, indicating a higher availability in the less urbanized eastern part of the country. An analysis of general food categories showed that, as latitude increased, the share of captured birds among prey of the GEs declined, while the percentage of forest prey increased. Pigeons were prey of the GEs mainly in the western part of their range. The GEs often captured species with nocturnal activity—owls and martens, which were identified in most of the GEs’ territories. The proportion of mammals in the diet of the GE increased with an increase in the proportion of open areas, while the abundance of birds of prey and owls in the diet correlated with a higher proportion of forests. The greatest threat to Poland’s GE population is the reduction in semi-open areas with low human activity and low human population densities.