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Journal articles on the topic 'Redness for surgery operations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Menovsky, Tomas, Ronald H. M. A. Bartels, Erik L. van Lindert, and J. André Grotenhuis. "SKIN CLOSURE IN CARPAL TUNNEL SURGERY: A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN NYLON, POLYGLACTIN 910 AND STAINLESS STEEL SUTURES." Hand Surgery 09, no. 01 (July 2004): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810404002017.

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Objective: To compare the cosmetic outcome, pain and tenderness around the operation scar of carpal tunnel syndrome surgery using either nylon, polyglactin 910 or stainless steel sutures for skin closure. Methods: A randomised clinical trial comparing nylon, polyglactin 910 or stainless steel sutures for skin closure in 61 patients undergoing carpal tunnel syndrome surgery was performed. Pain, tenderness, scar hypertrophy, redness and the presence of granulomas were assessed in all patients at ten days and six weeks after surgery and compared by non-parametric statistical tests. Results: Adequate surgical decompression of the median nerve could be achieved in all patients. All but two patients experienced significant relief of tingling of the fingers. Nearly all patients reported some degree of discomfort around the scar. At ten days, the mean pain score was 1.7 (±2.2), 3.1 (±2.3) and 1.9 (±2.3) for the nylon, vicryl and steel groups, respectively. At six weeks, the pain score was 3.6 (±3.1), 3.4 (±2.6) and 2.7 (±2.1) for the nylon, vicryl and steel groups, respectively. The infection rate was 0%, 8% and 0% for the nylon, vicryl and steel groups, respectively. Suture granulomas were significantly more present in the vicryl group (p<0.05). There were no statistical differences in redness or hypertrophy of the wound between the three groups. Conclusions: Nylon and stainless steel sutures are both suitable for skin closure after carpal tunnel surgery. Based on this study, absorbable vicryl sutures should not be used, since the incidence of infections and the presence of suture granulomas was much higher than in the nylon and steel suture groups.

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Wang, Xiu, Xue Bai, Chengcheng Jin, Liqiong Zhao, and Ruihua Wei. "Analysis of Tear Function Outcomes following Collagen Cross-Linking Treatment in Ectatic Corneas." Journal of Ophthalmology 2022 (March 14, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1910607.

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Purpose. To analyze tear function outcomes following collagen cross-linking (CXL) treatment in ectatic corneas. Methods. Fifty-seven eyes of 34 patients were included, and patients with keratoconus who underwent epithelium-on (epi-on) or epithelium-off (epi-off) CXL were evaluated. The following tests were performed preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), maximum keratometry value (Kmax), ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, slit-lamp examination, tear meniscus height, first noninvasive Keratograph breakup time (1st NIKBUT), average NIKBUT, and bulbar redness. Results. BCVA improved in both epi-on and epi-off groups at most follow-up points, but was not significantly different between groups. At 12-month follow-up, Kmax in the epi-on and epi-off groups improved after CXL, but there was no significant difference between the groups. The OSDI in both groups decreased after operation compared with before surgery, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Comparing the two groups, only the change in the tear meniscus height at 6 months postoperatively was statistically significant, and the pre- and postoperative values of the two groups were within the normal range (>0.20 mm). The change was small and had no clinical significance. There was no change in the 1st NIKBUT and average NIKBUT between the epi-on and epi-off groups. A change in bulbar redness was significantly better in the epi-off group than in the epi-on group at 3 months postoperatively. Comparing the effects at 1 year postoperatively, both groups had positive results in OSDI, NIKBUT, tear meniscus height, and bulbar redness. Conclusion. Both epi-on and epi-off CXL can control the progression of keratoconus, although epi-off CXL is more effective. Both methods have a positive effect on dry eye, which can improve the condition of the tear film and reduce dry eye symptoms in patients with keratoconus.

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Jamdade, P. T., Meghraj J. Chawada, and Apurva Samant. "Role of antibiotics in elective clean surgeries: limiting its use to single shot preoperative dose." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20201394.

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Background: Conventional antibiotic therapy during operation not only increases the financial burden on patient, not only increases chances of adverse reactions among them but also not effective in reducing the infection rate after surgery. Single dose prophylactic antibiotic or maximum 24 hours dosing during or before surgery was found to be equally effective. Objective was the to study utility of single shot antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgeryMethods: This prospective study includes 100 clean elective surgical cases randomized to groups of 50 each. Single dose prophylactic antibiotic was given to cases in the study group and conventional antibiotic therapy was given to cases in the control group. Study group cases received Injection Ceftriaxone in the dose of 2 gm intravenously. This was given at induction or half an hour before the incision was given. Second dose was given if there was delay in starting the surgery for more than three hours. Dose of the antibiotic was adjusted for children, underweight and obese persons. For cases in the control group. Injection ceftriaxone 1 gm was given intravenously twice a day for three days. Surgical site infection incidence was recorded.Results: Both the groups were comparable for age, sex, diagnosis and hence the type of surgery performed. The incidence of fever, redness, swelling and wound discharge which are the signs of surgical site infection after surgery was not found to be statistically significantly different. Management protocol was also not significantly different after the surgery.Conclusions: Single shot antibiotic before surgery is equally effective in reducing the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) compared to conventional antibiotic therapy.

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Godovanets, O. I., and L. V. Dolynchuk. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of the method of prevention and treatment of complications after the tooth removal surgery according to orthodontic indications." Medicine Today and Tomorrow 90, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/msz.2021.90.01.10.

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The study was performed on 59 orthodontic patients who underwent tooth extraction surgery. In 30 of them (the main group) the drug complex was used, and in 29 (comparison group) the tooth extraction operation was performed without any additional actions. Pharmacological correction included vitamin-mineral complex, immunomodulator, probiotic chewing pills "BioGaya ProDentis" for 1 month. Examinations of children took place before the start of medication and after tooth extraction surgery for 3–4 and 6–7 days. The level of lysozyme activity in the oral fluid of children was determined according to the method of G. Gorin in the modification of A.P. Levitsky and O.O. Zhigina, the content of sIgA, IgA, IgG – by simple radial immunodiffusion, the concentration of IL-1β and IL-4 – by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A microbiological study was also performed. The use of pharmacological complex for the prevention and treatment of post-extraction complications in orthodontic patients for microbial, immune and antioxidant background correction showed a pronounced clinical effect, manifested by the absence of any complications from maxillofacial tissues and probably lower intensity of such clinical signs, redness and swelling. The microbiocenosis of the oral cavity of children who used our proposed means during the surgical stage of orthodontic treatment, showed quantitative and qualitative changes, which was a prerequisite for the normal course of the wound process. Examination of the oral fluid of children who underwent orthodontic surgery on the background of pharmacological correction, showed the restoration of its protective functions (increased lysozyme activity, sIgA levels, IL-4 concentration), which resulted in a postoperative period without complications. Keywords: tooth extraction surgery, complications, microbiocenosis, protective mechanisms of the oral cavity.

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Sopta, Jelena, Mirjana Atanackovic, Vojislav Raspopovic, Ljiljana Markovic, Ivanka Kranjcic-Zec, and Aleksandar Lesic. "Pseudoallescheria boydii (Scedosporium apiospermum), cause of mycotic granulomatous osteomyelitis: Case diagnosis." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 133, no. 7-8 (2005): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0508366s.

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Fungal bone infections constitute about 0.1-0.2% of all osteomyelitis cases. The disease, mycetoma pedis, most often affects the feet and is also known as madura foot. Mycetoma, extremely rare in this geographic area, Is endemic in Tropical and subtropical regions. We present a case of mycetoma pedis (madura foot). The patient was a 50-year-old woman. The clinical signs included pain, indurations, and local redness. The anamnesis was very long, about 10 years. The operative material was routinely stained with haematoxylineosine [HE], Granulomatous inflammation of the bone was confirmed pathologically. All pathological characteristics pointed to a fungal infection in the form of mycetoma pedis. Special staining for fungi was performed: PAS, Grocott's h examine-silver, and Giemsa, confirming the diagnosis of mycetoma. A definitive microbiological analysis was carried out through tissue inoculation on the Sabouraud dextrose agar laboratory media for fungal cultivation. Pseudoallescheria boydii, the sexual stage of Monosporium apiospermum, was isolated. After microbiological verification of fungal infection, surgical therapy was carried out. Seven months after the first operation, the patient had the same clinical signs. The diagnostic procedure was repeated and mycetoma was confirmed once again. Surgery was again the therapy of choice, because Pseudoallescheria boydii is resistant to treatment with antimycotic drugs.

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Farah, Hajar Acintya, Bambang Sarwono, and Heru Supriyatno. "The Risk Factors of Phlebitis in The Installation of Intravent Catalysts." Midwifery and Nursing Research 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/manr.v3i1.6081.

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Background: A hospital is a health service facility that allows nosocomial infections, namely phlebitis. Phlebitis is a complication of intravenous catheter placement that is characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and fever. The high rate of phlebitis in various countries is due to the risk factors that predispose to the incidence of phlebitis due to intravenous catheter placement.Objective: This study aims to determine the risk factors for phlebitis in intravenous catheter placement.Methodology: This study uses an observational analytic method with a cohort design. The study was conducted on 27 February - 14 March 2020 with 22 samples taken using purposive accidental sampling in the inward and RST surgery Dr. Soedjono Magelang. The instrument used was an observation sheet designed by researchers that had been tested by experts and a standard operational checklist for infusion. Data analysis uses a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.Results: The incidence of phlebitis was 7 respondents (31.8%) and the associated risk factors were the type of infusion fluid (RR = 4.37 CI 95% 1.09-17.58; p-value 0.020). While the factors of age, sex, nutritional status, chronic diseases, types of injection drugs, insertion location, duration of installation, nurse skills, installation techniques, and catheter size were not related to the incidence of phlebitis (p-value 0.05).Conclusion: Although several factors are not related to the incidence of phlebitis, these factors can be a support for the incidence of phlebitis.

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Bashir, Jamshed, Rafique Ahmed Sahito, Mushtaque Ahmed Abbasi, and Asma Jabeen. "SURGICAL SITE INFECTION." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 02 (February 10, 2015): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.02.1367.

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Wound infection can be defined as invasion of organisms through tissuesfollowing a breakdown of local and systemic host defenses. The basic principles of wound careand antisepsis introduced during the past century improved surgery dramatically. Objective:Evaluation of causative organisms which evolved in the surgical site infection (elective abdominalsurgery) at surgical unit of Liaquat university hospital Jamshoro. Subjects & Methods: Thisprospective observational study was contains 103 patients undergoing elective, abdominalsurgery were included in this study. Surgical wound categories i.e. clean, clean contaminated,were included. Prophylactic antibiotics were given in all cases. Primary closure of wounds wasemployed in all cases. Follow up period was 30 days postoperatively. All cases were evaluatedfor postoperative fever, redness and swelling of wound margins, collection and discharge of pus.Cultures were taken from all the cases with any of the above findings. Results: The mean ageof the patient was 37 years with male to female ratio of 1:5:1. The overall rate of wound infectionwas 13.04%. Most frequently involved pathogen was E.col 33.33% followed by Staph Aureus20%, Klebsiella 20%, proteus 13.33%, Pseudomonas 6.66% and no organism was isolated in6.66% cases. Most effective antibiotics were cephalosporins, quinolones and aminoglycosides’whereas septran, erythromycin and tetracycline’s were ineffective. Conclusions: Surgicalwound infections are quite common. Time of postoperative hospital stay was twice longer ininfected case. Male sex, old age, anemia, longer duration of operation and wound class weresignificant risk factors. Most common organims are found in this study E-Coli, Kllebcella andStaph Aureus, these are mostly sensitive to cephalosporins, quinolones and aminoglycosides.

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Nestorovic, Milica, Goran Stanojevic, Vanja Pecic, Branko Brankovic, Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana Jeremic, and Goran Stevanovic. "Necrotizing soft tissue infection in pregnancy." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 145, no. 5-6 (2017): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh160519053n.

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Introduction. Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a life-threatening condition, characterized by widely spread necrosis of skin, subcutaneous fat, fascia and muscles. Treatment involves surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. Mortality is still high due to diagnostic delays. NSTI is rare in general population, there are even less literature data of this condition in pregnancy. Timely diagnosis and therapy is crucial for outcome of these patients. Clinicians should have in mind NSTI in patients with perianal infections, especially in cases where immunosuppressive role of pregnancy is present. Case outline. We present a case of a 21-year-old pregnant woman with NSTI spreading from perianal region. The patient was admitted to hospital in the 31st week of otherwise healthy twin pregnancy one day after incision of perianal abscess. At admission she was examined by a gynecologist; vital signs were stable, laboratory results showed the presence of infection. She was referred for another surgical procedure and broad-spectrum antibiotics were prescribed. The next morning the patient complained of intense abdominal pain. Clinical exam revealed only discrete redness of the skin tender on palpation, crepitating. She was immediately referred to surgery. Intraoperative findings revealed massive soft tissue infection spreading up to the chest wall. Wide skin incisions and debridement were performed. The patient developed septic shock and after initial resuscitation gynecologist confirmed intrauterine death of twins and indicated labor induction. Over the next few days the patient?s general condition improved. On several occasions the wounds were aggressively debrided under general anesthesia, which left the patient with large abdominal wall defect. Twenty-three days after the initial operation, the defect was reconstructed with partial-thickness skin grafts, providing satisfactory results. Conclusion. Diagnosis and outcome of NSTI are challenging for many reasons. Course of the disease is rapid and hidden. Chances of survival depend on early recognition and prompt treatment.

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BAJWA, G. R., and AHMAD HASSAN KHAN. "WOUND INFECTION;." Professional Medical Journal 16, no. 03 (September 10, 2009): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.03.2781.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of infection in clean surgical cases (General & Orthopaedic).Study D e s i g n : A descriptive study. Place & Duration of Study: This descriptive study was conducted at department of surgery & orthopaedicDHQ Teaching Hospital Sargodha from July 2007 to Dec, 2008. Patients & M e t h o d s : In this study 1500 clean surgical cases were included.Wounds were examined on third post operative day and then regularly after removal of stitches. Surgical wounds were examined finally onfifteenth post operative days. Description of wound condition and detailed data of patients were collected on preformed performas. Patientswith wound infection developed pain at operation site and fever on third post operative day. Wounds were examined for swelling, redness,discharge; stitch abscess. Routine investigations were done as per protocol ie complete blood examination, complete urine examination, bloodsugar, C-reactive proteins etc. Wounds swab was taken for microscopy and culture sensitivity. Results: This study was carried out on fifteenhundred clean surgical cases (General & Orthopaedic). There were 1064 males and 436 females. Male to Female ratio was 2.4:1. Infectionwas detected in 110 patients (7.3%) while no infection was found in 1390. Infection was maximum in patients more than 60 yrs of age (10.9%).Wound infection was minimum in young patients (3.5%).commonest micro organism isolated from the infected wound was staphylococcusareus. Other organism isolated was streptococcus pyogenes, proteus and pseudomonas. No MRSA was detected. C o n c l u s i o n : In our casestudy clean cases were found generally free of infection especially young patients. Whereas increased incidence of infection was noted in oldpatients. Wound infection is associated with significant morbidity in the form of delayed wound heeling, prolonged hospital stay and increasedeconomical pressure on the patient.

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Escardó-Paton, Julia A., and Richard A. Harrad. "Duration of conjunctival redness following adult strabismus surgery." Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 13, no. 6 (December 2009): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2009.09.013.

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Sangavi, Radha, and Rajkumari K. S. "Assessment of incidence of post-operative wound infection in women undergoing caesarean section: a retrospective study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 6 (May 26, 2018): 2328. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182344.

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Background: The surgical site infection is the second most common infectious complication occurring after caesarean section. Infections occurring after caesarean section represent a considerable burden to the healthcare systems and preventing these complications is a priority of healthcare systems especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of SSI in patients undergoing a LSCS at a RIMS teaching hospital, Raichur, and to identify risk factors, common bacterial pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity.Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in RIMS Institute, during a period of 3 years i.e. from 2013-2016. In this study a total of 50 cases were collected from MRD department. They were divided into two groups- cases and controls, each having 50 subjects each. Wound infection was defined as inflammation or sepsis with or without positive bacterial cultures. With SSI, there may be fever, redness, swelling and/or pain in the area around the incision site. Complete information regarding demographic data, the type and indication for caesarean section, duration of labour, duration of surgery and rupture of membrane were recorded. Wound infections occuring after 30 days of LSCS & other gynaecological surgeries were excluded. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software 16.0. Chi-square test and student t test were used for the assessment of level of significance. Probability value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 100 subjects were included in the present study, out of which, 50 were cases and the remaining 50 were controls. The mean age of the subjects was 37.45 years. There were 7 cases and 13 controls who were aged between 20-24 years. There was no significant difference amongst cases and controls regarding age. There was a significant difference in the haemoglobin levels amongst cases and controls. The third criterion that was assessed was duration of labour. Majority of the cases had prolonged labour whereas in majority of the controls, the duration of labour of labour was less than 6 hours. There was a significant difference in duration of labour amongst cases and controls (p<0.05). Elective c section was done in 2 cases and 6 controls. C section was performed in an emergency in 48 cases and 44 controls. There was a significant difference in the operation time between cases and controls (p<0.05). E.coli infection occurred in 15 cases in the present study followed by Actinobacter species which occurred in 13 cases. Absence of growth was seen in 5 cases.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with SSI in our study were, haemoglobin levels, prolonged labour, duration of operation. The most common organisms isolated were E. coli and Actinobacter species.

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Kitaura, Hideki, Yuji Fujimura, Noriko Nakao, Toshiko Eguchi, and Noriaki Yoshida. "Treatment of a Patient with Metal Hypersensitivity after Orthognathic Surgery." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/082306-344.

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Abstract In this case report, orthodontic materials may have induced metal allergic reactions in the form of lip swelling and redness after orthognathic surgery. Two months after surgery, the patient suffered continuous lip swelling and redness. She visited a dermatological hospital and was diagnosed with herpes. However, since her symptoms did not improve after 1-month of drug therapy, a metal allergy was subsequently suggested. Patch tests conducted in the dental hospital revealed reactions to chromium, which is not used in prosthetic appliances. For confirmation, the metal composition of all prosthetic appliances was examined using a fluorescent x-ray analyzer, but no chromium was detected (copper, gold, palladium, and silver were detected). However, the orthodontic brackets, wires, and bands do contain chromium and, considering that they may have induced the metal allergic reactions, they were replaced with materials made of polymer with no metals. As a result, the lip swelling and redness improved. For retention, the anterior part of the retainer was bonded on the lingual side of the anterior lower and upper jaws. During retention, no further symptoms of hypersensitivity were observed, suggesting that the nonmetal polymer is useful for treatment of metal allergic patients.

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Ide, Takeshi, Yoshiyuki Ichihashi, Ikuko Toda, Teruki Fukumoto, and Kazuo Tsubota. "Scleral thinning after eye-whitening surgery." Asian Journal of Ophthalmology 14, no. 2 (August 4, 2015): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v14i2.58.

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We report the case of a 32-year-old male patient who presented with conjunctival redness after multiple bilateral eye-whitening surgeries. Slit-lamp examination revealed scleral melting, avascular areas, and demarcation lines in both eyes. Considering the treatment history and the clinical findings of the patient, we conclude that the removal of the conjunctiva and Tenon’s layer and use of mitomycin C is not desirable for a healthy ocular surface.

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Jabeen, Saira, Zeeshan Hameed, Bazla Batool, Irfan Qayyum Malik, Aamna Jabran, and Abdullah Younas. "COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF NEPAFENAC 0.3% AND NEPAFENAC 0.1% TO PREVENT AND CONTROL POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AND CONJUNCTIVAL REDNESS AFTER CATARACT SURGERY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL." Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal 32, no. 03 (March 30, 2022): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v32i03.456.

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Purpose: To compare the efficacy of nepafenac 0.3% with nepafenac 0.1% to control postoperative pain and conjunctival redness after cataract surgery. Study Design: Randomized control trial Place and Duration: Ophthalmology Department, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala from November 2020 to January 2021. Materials and Methods: A prospective review of 70 patients operated for age-related cataract was done. Patients were divided into two equal groups. Group A patients were given Ilevro eye drops (nepafenac 0.3%) once a day and group B patients were instilled Nevanac eye drops (nepafenac 0.1%) thrice a day. All patients were scored for ocular pain and conjunctival redness on basis of pre-defined scales on one day before surgery and on 1st, 7th and 14th postoperative day. Results from both groups were analyzed and compared using SPSS v 25.0. Results: Out of 70 patients, 35 were put in group A and 35 into group B. Overall 37 (52.8%) patients were male and 33 (47.2%) were female. Patients above 40 years of age were 33 (94.3%) in group A and 35 (100%) in group B. Patients having pain score ≥5 were 30 (85.7%) in group A and 25 (71.4%) in group B on 1st postoperative day, with ≥3 were 1 (2.8%) in group A and 33 (94.2%) in group B at 7th postoperative day and zero on 14th postoperative day. Patients with conjunctival redness ≥2 were 31 (88.6%) in group A and 29 (82.9%) in group B on 1st postoperative day, with ≥1 were 18 (51.3%) in group A and 28 (79.9%) in group B on 7th postoperative day while four (11.4%) in group A and one (2.8%) in group B on 14th postoperative day. Conclusion: Effect of once daily nepafenac 0.3% on postoperative pain and conjunctival redness was found to be sub-rated against thrice daily nepafenac 0.1% on 1st postoperative day. However, this effect became equal and then slightly superior to that of nepafenac 0.1% on 7th and 14th postoperative days. Key Words: Cataract Surgery, Nepafenac, Postoperative Pain, Conjunctival Redness

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Matsukawa, Hidetoshi, Yoichiro Nagao, Manabu Shirakawa, Kazutaka Uchida, and Shinichi Yoshimura. "Wall Redness of Enlarged Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 30, no. 6 (June 2021): 105763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105763.

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Tai, Felicia, Nistha Jaki, Sohel Somani, Hannah Chiu, and Eric Tam. "The Effect of Brimonidine 0.15% on the Development of Bulbar Redness Following Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery." Current Trends in Ophthalmology 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/ctoy.v4i1.2099.

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Purpose: To assess the effect of brimonidine tartrate 0.15% on reducing subconjunctival hemorrhage, measured with a bulbar redness score, following femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). Patients and Methods: A prospective, masked randomized controlled study was done using single-blinded simple randomization. All FLACS cases completed between June and August 2019 were included except those on anticoagulation or with prior conjunctival surgery. All operated eyes received usual preoperative eye drops, while Study group received added brimonidine. Exclusion criteria included >1 vacuum attempt during FLACS and any intraoperative complications. All subjects received Bulbar Redness (BR) Score and Analyzed Area (AA) imaging by Oculus 5M Keratograph preoperatively and postoperatively. AA including non-conjunctival structures, <25mm2, or postoperative AA values >10% different from preoperative values were excluded from final analysis. Absolute values and differences between mean postoperative and preoperative BR and AA were compared using Student’s t-test. Results: 62 eyes (Study group=25, Control group=37) of 56 patients were randomized and included for analysis. Baseline demographic comparison between the two groups were similar. Preoperative BR score in the Study group trended higher (1.62) than Control (1.40, p=0.07), while postoperative BR score remained similar between groups (p=0.70). Difference in postoperative and preoperative BR score was significantly larger in the study group (-0.21±0.56) than controls (+0.06±0.43, p=0.036). Conclusions: The use of preoperative brimonidine in FLACS reduces the amount of postoperative subconjunctival hemorrhage following FLACS, as observed by reduced bulbar redness. Oculus 5M BR scoring has potential to be used as an objective method of quantifying subconjunctival hemorrhage after ophthalmic surgeries and procedures.

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Duraes, Leonardo C., Jean Ashburn, Mariane G. Monteiro de Camargo, Luca Stocchi, Tracy L. Hull, Olga Lavryk, and David Liska. "Redness and Healing Scale: A Reproducible Measure of Wound Healing in Colorectal Surgery." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 227, no. 4 (October 2018): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.07.154.

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Bond, Jeremy S., Jonathan A. L. Duncan, Tracey Mason, Abdul Sattar, Adam Boanas, Sharon OʼKane, and Mark W. J. Ferguson. "Scar Redness in Humans: How Long Does It Persist after Incisional and Excisional Wounding?" Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 121, no. 2 (February 2008): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000299183.88334.37.

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Nur Rachmat Lubis, Diah Mirlia, and Irsan Saleh. "Prognotic Test for Mortality and Morbidity Using Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein Values in Elderly Patients Post Hip Joint Arthroplasty at Dr. Mohammad Hosein Palembang." Sriwijaya Journal of Surgery 3, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/sjs.v2i2.28.

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Background: Pelvic arthroplasty in the elderly is increasingly being performed, along with theincreasing life expectancy in Indonesia. However, postoperative mortality must be taken intoaccount.Objective: To find out whether the value of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein can be used asa prognostic for mortality and morbidity of surgical wound infection 30 days after pelvicarthroplasty surgery in elderly patients at Dr. Hospital. Mohammad Hoesin.Methods: Prospective cohort study of mortality and morbidity up to 30 days in 38 patients whomet the inclusion criteria. The observation of changes in the value of Procalcitonin and C-ReactiveProtein was carried out preoperatively, after surgery on day 2 and after surgery on day 7.Result: There was no mortality. There was 18% redness output in the analyzed surgical wound.The cut off of Procalcitonin used Fisher's Exact test (RR = 3.088, p = 0.207), while the cut off ofC-Reactive Protein used Fisher's Exact test (RR = 1.647, p = 0.678)Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between procalcitonin levels and C-reactiveprotein and postoperative redness.

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Aldridge, M. C., and P. R. Rutter. "Famous operations." British Journal of Surgery 72, no. 1 (January 1985): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800720146.

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21

Goldsmith, Harry S. "Presidential Operations." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 209, no. 4 (October 2009): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.07.007.

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22

Norton, John H. "Presidential Operations." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 209, no. 4 (October 2009): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.07.014.

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23

Loughlin, Kevin R. "Presidential Operations." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 209, no. 6 (December 2009): 796–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.09.013.

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24

McIntosh, J. W. "Neurosurgical operations." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 24, no. 1 (February 1986): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(86)90049-5.

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25

Janic, Nenad, Zoran Golubovic, and Branislav Jovanovic. "Laparoscopic operations in pediatric surgery." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 132, suppl. 1 (2004): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh04s1014j.

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From January 2003 to January 2004, laparoscopy was performed in 100 cases, aged from 10 months to 19 years. Diagnostic laparoscopy was applied in 39 patients, most often in nonpalpable testes (29), ovarian cysts (4), abdominal trauma (1), abdominal cysts (2) and intersex states (3). Ninety patients underwent operative laparoscopy: appendectomy (44), orchiopexy (2), orchiectomy (1), herniorrhaphy (1), varicocelectomy (8), adnexectomy (2), cholecystectomy (8), Fowler-Stephens procedure (1), abdominal cysts (2), ovarian cystectomy (6), subdiaphragmatic abscess (1), adhesiotomy (11), liver cysts (2) and splenectomy (1). Diagnostic laparoscopy has proved to be more reliable and less invasive method in comparison to previously used methods. Our conclusion is that operative laparoscopy has many advantages compared with some of the classical surgical procedures.

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McClinton, Michael A. "Plastic Surgery: Indications, Operations, Outcomes." Journal of Hand Surgery 26, no. 2 (March 2001): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(01)70032-9.

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27

Kurbonov, K. M., F. I. Makhmadov, and K. R. Nazirboyev. "Re-operations in thoracic surgery." Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. N.I. Pirogova, no. 11. Vyp. 2 (2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia201611232-35.

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Miller, S. S. "Laparoscopic operations in paediatric surgery." British Journal of Surgery 79, no. 10 (October 1992): 986–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800791003.

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29

Grogono, J. L. "Laparoscopic operations in paediatric surgery." British Journal of Surgery 80, no. 2 (February 1993): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800800258.

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Nassar, A. "Laparoscopic operations in paediatric surgery." British Journal of Surgery 80, no. 4 (April 1993): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800800446.

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31

Archibong, A. E. "Laparoscopic operations in paediatric surgery." British Journal of Surgery 80, no. 9 (September 1993): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800800960.

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32

Lackenby, Marc. "Surfaces, surgery and unknotting operations." Mathematische Annalen 308, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002080050093.

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33

Sakhautdinov, V. G., Sh Kh Gantsev, G. N. Ippolitov, and E. I. Senderovich. "Combined operations in abdominal surgery." Kazan medical journal 67, no. 2 (March 15, 1986): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj65340.

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Khandelwal, Divya, Shweta Walia, Neetu Kori, Vijay Bhaisare, Preeti Rawat, and Manushree Gautam. "A clinical study to evaluate recurrence of pterygium after primary surgery and its management." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2022.019.

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Recurrence is a significant problem after pterygium excision. Therefore in this study its risk factors and management is discussed. This study was conducted to observe recurrence after conjunctival limbal autograft (CLAU) & to evaluate different factors related with recurrence of pterygium and assessing its different management methods. Hundred & seven patients with primary pterygium were examined, excised by CLAU and histopathology sample sent. The outcomes were assessed in terms of clinically significant recurrence till 6 months follow-up. Early topical mitomycin-C (MMC) 0.02% QID for a week was given to avoid resurgence of clinically significant pterygium, however if developed then excised by CLAU (if <4mm) or AMG (Amniotic membrane grafting) (if > 4mm). Out of total cases, 57% were females. Histopathology findings includeEpithelial Hyperplasia (80.4%), vascularity overwhelms fibrosis (39.1%), vascularity similar to fibrosis (28.3%), fibrosis overwhelms vascularity (34.8%), perivascular stromal inflammation (54.3%), diffuse stromal inflammation (37.0%). The following variables were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the recurrence: age, redness & thickness, higher vascularity, diffuse inflammation. Factors such as younger age group, higher redness and thickness of pterygium, more vascularity, and diffuse inflammation on histopathological examination can be considered as a risk factor for recurrence. However, occupation, location, and type of pterygium were found not to be related to recurrence. Although no clinically significant recurrence was seen after mitomycin c eyedrops, but no significant correlation can be made. Young patients having pre-operative features like red and fleshy pterygium, along with vascularity more than fibrosis and diffuse inflammation on histopathological examination should be followed strictly and managed intensely.

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Tirico, M. C. C. P., D. Jensen, C. Green, and E. V. Ross. "Short pulse intense pulsed light versus pulsed dye laser for the treatment of facial redness." Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 22, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14764172.2020.1717540.

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El-Kadre, Luciana J., and Augusto C. A. de Almeida Tinoco. "Innovative Metabolic Operations." Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 13, no. 2 (February 2017): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2016.09.034.

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Cohen, Ricardo, Pedro Paulo Caravatto, and Tarissa Zanata Petry. "Innovative metabolic operations." Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 12, no. 6 (July 2016): 1247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2016.02.034.

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38

Wilke, Lee Gravatt. "Staged Breast Operations." Annals of Surgery 268, no. 6 (December 2018): e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000003064.

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Edil, Barish H. "Maingotʼs Abdominal Operations." Annals of Surgery 258, no. 6 (December 2013): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000000241.

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Song, Ru-yao, and Ye-guang Song. "Double eyelid operations." Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 9, no. 3 (September 1985): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01570847.

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41

Simon, K., A. Leithner, K. Bodo, and R. Windhager. "Intraosseous epidermoid cysts of the hand skeleton: a series of eight patients." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 36, no. 5 (March 3, 2011): 376–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193411401987.

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This paper reviews the clinical and radiographic features and treatment results in eight patients with intraosseous epidermoid cysts in the terminal phalanx of a finger seen over a period of 26 years. Data on age, sex, occupation, diagnostic findings, history of injury in six cases, treatment and follow-up were obtained by reviewing medical records and the histopathological findings using the hospital database. The most frequent symptoms of pressure pain, tenderness, redness and swelling occurred at a median time of 12 years after trauma. Male patients were mainly affected (7:1). In four the intraosseous epidermoid cysts were confused with other osteolytic diseases before surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging is recommended in any case of an osteolytic, expanding lesion, particularly in cases that are clinically and radiologically not obviously an intraosseous epidermoid cyst.

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Sahu, Srikant Kumar, Siddharth Keswarwani, and Ruchi Mittal. "Unusual Presentation of Phacolytic Glaucoma: Simulating Microbial Keratitis." Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/850919.

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The differential diagnoses for phacolytic glaucoma are acute angle closure glaucoma, open angle glaucoma with uveitis, neovascular glaucoma, and glaucoma secondary to trauma. We report an unusual case where the dislocated cataractous lens firmly adherent to the corneal endothelium evoked a cellular reaction similar to phacolytic glaucoma but clinically appeared like a deep corneal abscess. The 73-year-old lady presented with severe photophobia, pain, and redness in the left eye for two months despite being on antibiotics and antifungals. Anterior chamber wash revealed a cataractous lens buried within the infiltrate, which was removed and sent for histopathological examination. Postoperatively she was treated with topical ofloxacin, homatropine, dorzolamide, timolol, and tapering dose of steroids. Histological confirmation of inflammation, histiocytic response, and giant cells around the lens material confirmed the ongoing phacolytic process. Photophobia, pain, and redness subsided following removal of the lens and surrounding cellular reaction. At her last visit, four months after surgery, she was comfortable.

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Jaya, Kris, Devin Alexander, and Louis Rianto. "SEPTIC ARTHRITIS AFTER TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT IN GERIATRICS PATIENT, THE IMPORTANT OF PERIOPERATIVE CARE." Journal of Widya Medika Junior 3, no. 4 (October 2021): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33508/jwmj.v3i4.3508.

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Introduction: The geriatric population are the fastest growing segment around the world. The prevalence of multiple comorbidities in geriatric patients requiring special perioperative care. Perioperative management must be done properly, considering that surgical complications on geriatric can cause multiple comorbidities. There are many complications that often occur in geriatrics, one of which is infection. Case report: A 77-year-old man complained about pain on his right knee 1 – 2 weeks after doing TKR procedure. The pain accompanied with fever, swollen, and redness. Physical examination showed elevated blood pressure (140/90), Fever (37,4oC), obesity grade I (BMI 27.4 kg/m2), swollen and redness on his right knee, pain on palpation with VAS 5, edema (+). Barthel index ADL showed mild dependency, FRAIL score 3, qSOFA score 0. Laboratory result showed elevated leukocyte 14.900/µl. Conclusion: Geriatric patients are very vulnerable to the risks of surgery, one of which is septic arthritis. So that a good perioperative evaluation can reduce complications, comorbidities and decreased functional status

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44

Oh, Sang Ho, Byung Kee Bae, Tae Gyun Kim, Yeon Sook Kwon, Ju Hee Lee, and Kwang Hoon Lee. "Effective Treatment of Facial Redness Caused by Atopic Dermatitis Using Intense Pulsed Light Systems." Dermatologic Surgery 36, no. 4 (April 2010): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01482.x.

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45

Magomedova, G. F., Ia M. Sarkhanidze, M. K. Lepshokov, N. N. Al'-Iusef, I. V. Semeniakin, and A. V. Gavrilenko. "Robot-assisted operations in vascular surgery." Angiology and vascular surgery 26, no. 2 (2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.33529/angi02020202.

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46

Guerassimov, S., M. Davydov, R. Akchurin, I. Stilidi, Z. Machaladze, B. Polotsky, and G. Ungeadze. "Simultaneous operations in lung cancer surgery." Lung Cancer 29, no. 1 (September 2000): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5002(00)80468-7.

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NAKATA, Yoshinori. "Application of Operations Management to Surgery." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 35, no. 2 (2015): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2199/jjsca.35.202.

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Narzullaev, KB, and SA Azimov. "Simultaneous operations in gynecology and surgery." Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists 9, no. 3 (August 2002): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-3804(02)80129-3.

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Straka, John A., and Matthew B. Straka. "Plastic Surgery: Indications, Operations, and Outcomes." Otology & Neurotology 22, no. 4 (July 2001): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129492-200107000-00032.

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50

McCarthy, Michael. "Bloodless surgery: ultrasound cleans up operations." Lancet 352, no. 9138 (October 1998): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61279-2.

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