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Journal articles on the topic 'Reduced graphene oxide'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 March 2025

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1

Ma, Wen Shi, Jun Wen Zhou, and Xiao Dan Lin. "X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on Reduction of Graphene Oxide with Hydrazine Hydrate." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.539.

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Graphene oxide was prepared through Hummers' method，then different reduced graphenes were prepared via reduction of graphene oxide with hydrazine hydrate for 1h、12h and 24h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for the characterization of graphene oxide and the reduced graphenes. The variation of the contents of carbon in carbon and oxygen functional groups and chemical compositions of graphene oxides were investigated through analysis the content of different carbon atoms in different reduced graphenes. The results showed that the reduction reaction was very fast in the first 1 h, the content of total oxygen bonded carbon atoms decreased from 83.6% to 22.1%, and then after the reduction rate became very slow. After 12h, the content of total oxygen bonded carbon atom is 19.56%, only 2.54% lower than that of 1h’s. At the same time, C-N was introduced in the graphene oxides; this increased the stereo-hindrance for hydrazine hydrate attacking the C-Oxygen groups, thus reduced the reduction rate. After reduction for 24h, there still exists 16.4% oxygen bonded carbon atoms and the total conversion ratio of graphene approaches 70%.
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2

Strankowski, Michał, Damian Włodarczyk, Łukasz Piszczyk, and Justyna Strankowska. "Polyurethane Nanocomposites Containing Reduced Graphene Oxide, FTIR, Raman, and XRD Studies." Journal of Spectroscopy 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7520741.

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Recently, graphene and other graphene-based materials have become an essential part of composite science and technology. Their unique properties are not only restricted to graphene but also shared with derivative compounds like graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, functionalized graphene, and so forth. One of the most structurally important materials, graphene oxide (GO), is prepared by the oxidation of graphite. Though removal of the oxide groups can create vacancies and structural defects, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is used in composites as effective filler similar to GO. Authors developed a new polyurethane nanocomposite using a derivative of grapheme, thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO), to modify the matrix of polyurethane elastomers, by rGO.
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3

Oliveira, Pâmella Schramm, Aline Rossato, Larissa da Silva Silveira, Cristian Mafra Ledur, Walter Paixão de Sousa Filho, Claudir Gabriel Kaufmann Junior, Sergio Roberto Mortari, et al. "GRAPHENE OXIDE AND REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 142–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss12.3572.

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To present a possible new alternative for wound treatment, this work evaluated the biological safety and therapeutic efficacy of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles (NPs). First, the nanostructures were studied in silico and showed to be able to inhibit the production of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulate the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, especially rGO. The results of the morphological and structural characterization of GO NPs synthesized from the Hummers method and reduced by ascorbic acid, were consistent with the literature, confirming their achievement. In the broth microdilution assay, GO and rGO showed antimicrobial activity against the clinical isolate of Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 625 µg/mL for GO and 312.5 µg/mL for rGO. In addition, the nanostructure of rGO was able to inhibit, in subinhibitory concentration, the formation of S. agalactiae biofilm by up to 77% when compared to the positive control. Both NPs, in all tested concentrations, did not cause hemolysis, and alterations in coagulation in vitro assays. However, in the safety tests, it was evidenced that only the MIC of 312, µg/mL for rGO was biologically safe and presented anti-inflammatory and healing behavior in vitro. In general, the present work confirmed rGO's potential in the treatment of chronic wounds, since in silico showed anti-inflammatory behavior and in vitro showed therapeutic efficacy at low concentrations, prevented biofilm formation, and showed no significant toxic effects.
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4

Kadhim, Adam K. "Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Additive." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i3.1950.

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5

Chunhua Zuo, Chunhua Zuo, Jia Hou Jia Hou, Baitao Zhang Baitao Zhang, and Jingliang He Jingliang He. "Highly efficient reduced graphene oxide mode-locked Nd:GGG laser." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 2 (2015): 021401–21404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.021401.

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6

Tkachev, S. V., E. Yu Buslaeva, A. V. Naumkin, S. L. Kotova, I. V. Laure, and S. P. Gubin. "Reduced graphene oxide." Inorganic Materials 48, no. 8 (July 14, 2012): 796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168512080158.

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7

Majhi, Sanjit Manohar, Ali Mirzaei, Hyoun Woo Kim, and Sang Sub Kim. "Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)-Loaded Metal-Oxide Nanofiber Gas Sensors: An Overview." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041352.

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Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a reduced form of graphene oxide used extensively in gas sensing applications. On the other hand, in its pristine form, graphene has shortages and is generally utilized in combination with other metal oxides to improve gas sensing capabilities. There are different ways of adding rGO to different metal oxides with various morphologies. This study focuses on rGO-loaded metal oxide nanofiber (NF) synthesized using an electrospinning method. Different amounts of rGO were added to the metal oxide precursors, and after electrospinning, the gas response is enhanced through different sensing mechanisms. This review paper discusses rGO-loaded metal oxide NFs gas sensors.
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8

Syakir, Norman, Togar Saragi, Fitrilawati, Yati Maryati, Utami Widyaiswari, Dita Puspita Sari, and Risdiana. "Magnetic Characteristics of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide." Materials Science Forum 1028 (April 2021): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1028.296.

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Graphene oxide (GO) is 2D material made of honey comb carbon structure as backbone and decorated by oxygen functional groups in both sides. These functional groups have role to the GO properties, such as magnetic susceptibility, band gap, conductivity. There are several processes to reduce its oxygen content, such as chemical, photo and thermal reduction, resulted reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Several studies reported the magnetic properties of GO and rGO correlating with the process of synthesis and reducing oxygen contents. We report the magnetic characteristic of a commercial GO 0.5 mg/ml dispersed in H2O from Graphenia and RGO that were synthesized through thermal reduction process of GO precursor. In this process, we use oven vacuum system at 200 °C for 1 hour. All samples were prepared as GO and rGO thick films. The GO and rGO samples structure were indentified from XRD data and SQUID data for magnetic characteristics. We explored the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility by applying magnetic field of 500 Oe in Zero Field Cooling (ZFC) and Field Cooling (FC). The result shows different susceptibility behavior of GO and rGO samples in all wide range of temperature between 0 to 300 Kelvin. The value of magnetic susceptibility rGO is higher than that of GO and has splitting curve of ZFC and FC at low temperatures below 200 Kelvin. However, GO has the splitting curve of ZFC and FC occurred at high temperatures above 200 Kelvin.
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9

Jinqiu Liu, Jinqiu Liu, Changlong Cai Changlong Cai, and Haifeng Liang Haifeng Liang. "Temperature coef f icient of resistance of reduced graphene oxide." Chinese Optics Letters 10, s2 (2012): S23101–323103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201210.s23101.

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10

Drewniak, Sabina Elżbieta, Roksana Muzyka, and Łukasz Drewniak. "The structure of thermally reduced graphene oxide." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i2.1021.

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The paper focused on the description of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) structure. This material is obtained from a multistage production process. Each of these stages has a large impact on its structure (the number and type of functional groups, number of defect or the size of the flakes), and this in turn affects its properties. We would like to visualize the reduced graphene oxide, both using a diagram showing the atomic structure, as well as by imaging using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the paper, the elementary composition of selected elements and data obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique (XPS) will be also presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesX. Peng, Y. Wu, N. Chen, Z. Zhu, J. Liu, and H. Wang, "Facile and highly efficient preparation of semi-transparent, patterned and large-sized reduced graphene oxide films by electrochemical reduction on indium tin oxide glass surface", Thin Solid Films 692, 137626 (2019). CrossRef L. Guo, Y.-W. Hao, P.-L. Li, J.-F. Song, R.-Z. Yang, X.-Y. Fu, S.-Y. Xie, J. Zhao and Y.-L. Zhang, "Improved NO2 Gas Sensing Properties of Graphene Oxide Reduced by Two-beam-laser Interference", Sci. Rep. 8, 1 (2018). CrossRef Y. S. Milovanov, V.A. Skryshevsky, , O.M. Slobodian, , D.O. Pustovyi, X.Tang, J.-P. Raskin, and A.N. Nazarov, "Influence of Gas Adsorption on the Impedance of Graphene Oxide", 2019 IEEE 39th Int. Conf. Electron. Nanotechnology, ELNANO 2019 - Proc. 8783946, CrossRef M. Reddeppa, B.-G. Park, , M.-D. Kim, K.R. Peta, N.D. Chinh, D. Kim, S.-G. Kim, and G. Murali, "H2, H2S gas sensing properties of rGO/GaN nanorods at room temperature: Effect of UV illumination", Sensors Actuators B. Chem. 264, (2018). CrossRef W. L. Xu, C. Ding, , M.-S. Niu, X.-Y. Yang, F. Zheng, J. Xiao, M. Zheng and X.-T. Hao, "Reduced graphene oxide assisted charge separation and serving as transport pathways in planar perovskite photodetector", Org. Electron. 81, 105663 (2020). CrossRef K. Sarkar, M. Hossain, P. Devi, K. D. M. Rao, and P. Kumar, "Self‐Powered and Broadband Photodetectors with GaN: Layered rGO Hybrid Heterojunction", Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 20 (2019). CrossRef S. Pei and H. M. Cheng, "The reduction of graphene oxide", Carbon, 50, 9 (2012). CrossRef R. Muzyka, S. Drewniak, T. Pustelny, M. Chrubasik, and G. Gryglewicz, "Characterization of Graphite Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Obtained from Different Graphite Precursors and Oxidized by Different Methods Using Raman Spectroscopy", Materials 11, 7 (2018). CrossRef M.-H. Tran and H. K. Jeong, "Influence of the Grain Size of Precursor Graphite on the Synthesis of Graphite Oxide", New Phys. Sae Mulli, 63, 2 (2013). CrossRef M.-H. Tran, C.-S. Yang, S. Yang, I.-J. Kim, and H. K. Jeong, "Influence of graphite size on the synthesis and reduction of graphite oxides", Curr. Appl. Phys., 14, SUPPL. 1 (2014). CrossRef N. Sharma, Y. Jain, , M. Kumari, R. Gupta, S.K. Sharma, K. Sachdev, "Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) for Gas Sensing Application", Macromol. Symp. 376, 1 (2017). CrossRef M. Wei, L. Qiao, , H. Zhang, S. Karakalos, K. Ma, Z. Fu, M.T. Swihart, G. Wu, "Engineering reduced graphene oxides with enhanced electrochemical properties through multiple-step reductions", Electrochim. Acta, 258 (2017). CrossRef S. Drewniak, M. Procek, R. Muzyka, T. Pustelny, "Comparison of Gas Sensing Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide Obtained by Two Different Methods", Sensors, 20, 11 (2020). CrossRef L. Li, R.-D. Lv, S. -C. Liu, Z. D. Chen, J. Wang, Y.-G. Wang, W. Ren, "Using Reduced Graphene Oxide to Generate Q-Switched Pulses in Er-Doped Fiber Laser", Chinese Physics Letters, 35, 11 (2018) CrossRef
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11

Tarcan, Raluca, Otto Todor-Boer, Ioan Petrovai, Cosmin Leordean, Simion Astilean, and Ioan Botiz. "Reduced graphene oxide today." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 4 (2020): 1198–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc04916a.

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12

Singh, Rasmeet, Sajid Ullah, Nikita Rao, Mandeep Singh, Indrajit Patra, Daniel Amoako Darko, C. Prince Jebedass Issac, Keyvan Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani, Rahul Kanaoujiya, and V. Vijayan. "Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Reduced-Graphene Oxide from Graphene Oxide." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (March 3, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8731429.

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Carbon materials and their allotropes have been involved significantly in our daily lives. Zero-dimensional (0D) fullerenes, one-dimensional (1D) carbon materials, and two-dimensional (2D) graphene materials have distinctive properties and thus received immense attention from the early 2000s. To meet the growing demand for these materials in applications like energy storage, electrochemical catalysis, and environmental remediation, the special category, i.e., three-dimensional (3D) structures assembled from graphene sheets, has been developed. Graphene oxide is a chemically altered graphene, the desired building block for 3D graphene matter (i.e., 3D graphene macrostructures). A simple synthesis route and pore morphologies make 3D reduced-graphene oxide (rGO) a major candidate for the 3D graphene group. To obtain target-specific 3D rGO, its synthesis mechanism plays an important role. Hence, in this article, we will discuss the general mechanism for 3D rGO synthesis, vital procedures for fabricating advanced 3D rGO, and important aspects controlling the growth of 3D rGO.
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13

Said, Muhammad, Maria Ulfa, Addy Rachmat, Desnelli, and Poedji Loekitowati Hariani. "Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Cellulose and its Applications for Methylene Blue Adsorption." Solid State Phenomena 345 (July 28, 2023): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-n4sufo.

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This paper reports the synthesis and its application to the adsorption of methylene blue dye using graphene-oxide (GO) and reduced graphene-oxide (RGO). Among carbon-based nanomaterials, graphene and its derivatives have received remarkable attention due to their unique thermal, mechanical, and electronic properties and two-dimensional structure. The GO was synthesized by the modified Hummers method (chemical exfoliation) of graphite flake. This reaction produced graphite oxide (GrO) as an intermediate material. The synthesized materials, namely graphite, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide, were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. These materials were tested to evaluate their adsorption capacity, concentration, contact time, and adsorbent weight on methylene blue, which was analyzed using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The XRD pattern showed the formation of 2θ peaks at 24° to 26o for graphite, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide, respectively. Furthermore, characterization by FTIR showed the appearance of O-H groups with peaks of 3358 cm-1 and 3342 cm-1 for graphene and reduced graphene oxides. Raman characterization indicated that reduced graphene oxide has a wavelength at the D-band peak of about 1375 cm-1 and the G-band peak reaching 1597 cm-1 with an ID/IG intensity ratio of 0.8. The adsorption test of methylene blue showed that reduced graphene oxide had the best adsorption capacity with an adsorbent, concentration, optimum time, and highest adsorption capacity value of 25 mg, 30 ppm, 45 minutes, and 15.642 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm rule, as evidenced by the R2 value of 0.9881.
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14

Kong, Chang Yi, Yuuki Shiratori, Takeshi Sako, and Futoshi Iwata. "A Green Approach for Highly Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Supercritical Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1013.

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A green method to synthesize the reduced graphene oxide using supercritical fluid has been developed, which is an environmentally friendly and efficient route. The reduced graphene oxide has been examined by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy. We have also studied the effects of reduction temperatures and supercritical fluids on the electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide. It was found that ethanol has higher reducing capability than CO2at all temperatures (200 - 400°C) examined in this study for graphene oxide reduction. As a result, reduced graphene oxide (6300 S/m) from supercritical ethanol treatment has 5 times as high conductivity as that from supercritical CO2treatment at the reduction temperature of 400°C. This green process is applicable for large scale production of reduced graphene oxides for various practical applications.
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15

Konios, Dimitrios, Minas M. Stylianakis, Emmanuel Stratakis, and Emmanuel Kymakis. "Dispersion behaviour of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 430 (September 2014): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.05.033.

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16

Isseroff, Rebecca, Lee Blackburn, Arthur Chen, Molly Gentleman, and Miriam Rafailovich. "Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide and Platinum and Gold Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide." MRS Advances 1, no. 19 (2016): 1345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.89.

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ABSTRACTWhile graphene has unique electrical and mechanical properties, it is not soluble in most common solvents. Partially reducing graphene oxide (prGO) will remove some of the functional groups while still maintaining solubility, producing an intermediate between graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. This research investigated the properties of prGO as well as those of prGO sheets incorporated with gold and platinum nanoparticles (Au/Pt-prGO) using FTIR, Raman, TEM and HRTEM.
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17

Karimi, Samira, Emna Helal, Giovanna Gutierrez, Nima Moghimian, Milad Madinehei, Eric David, Mazen Samara, and Nicole Demarquette. "A Review on Graphene’s Light Stabilizing Effects for Reduced Photodegradation of Polymers." Crystals 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11010003.

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Graphene, the newest member of the carbon’s family, has proven its efficiency in improving polymers’ resistance against photodegradation, even at low loadings equal to 1 wt% or lower. This protective role involves a multitude of complementary mechanisms associated with graphene’s unique geometry and chemistry. In this review, these mechanisms, taking place during both the initiation and propagation steps of photodegradation, are discussed concerning graphene and graphene derivatives, i.e., graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In particular, graphene displays important UV absorption, free radical scavenging, and quenching capabilities thanks to the abundant π-bonds and sp2 carbon sites in its hexagonal lattice structure. The free radical scavenging effect is also partially linked with functional hydroxyl groups on the surface. However, the sp2 sites remain the predominant player, which makes graphene’s antioxidant effect potentially stronger than rGO and GO. Besides, UV screening and oxygen barriers are active protective mechanisms attributed to graphene’s high surface area and 2D geometry. Moreover, the way that graphene, as a nucleating agent, can improve the photostability of polymers, have been explored as well. These include the potential effect of graphene on increasing polymer’s glass transition temperature and crystallinity.
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18

Ampaiwong, Jutamas, Pranee Rattanawaleedirojn, Kanokwan Saengkiettiyut, Nadnudda Rodthongkum, Pranut Potiyaraj, and Niphaphun Soatthiyanon. "Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanocomposites: Novel Conductive Films." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16120.

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Herein, carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite films incorporated with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide were successfully prepared by a novel approach for the first time, and their alternative properties compared with the original carboxymethyl cellulose films were disclosed. For carboxymethyl cellulose/reduced graphene oxide film preparation, sodium borohydride was used as a chemical reducing agent. The carboxymethyl cellulose films were prepared by using a solvent casting method, followed by an acid treatment to decrease the water solubility (98%) while enhancing the tensile strength (15%) and elastic modulus (32%) of the original carboxymethyl cellulose films. Overall, the addition of 1.0 wt% graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide to the treated films increased the water solubility, water absorption, tensile properties and electrical conductivity. Particularly, the electrical conductivity was predominantly enhanced 1.3×105 times with graphene oxide and 2.2×105 times with reduced graphene oxide compared to the treated carboxymethyl cellulose film. The electrical conductivity of the treated carboxymethyl cellulose film also increased with an increase in reduced graphene oxide. The effects of reduced graphene oxide on the water solubility, water absorption, tensile properties and electrical conductivity of the treated carboxymethyl cellulose film were more pronounced than those of graphene oxide, especially for the electrical conductivity. In conclusion, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide might be alternative nanofillers for improving the carboxymethyl cellulose film properties. For the future applications, carboxymethyl cellulose/reduced graphene oxide films prepared by using this approach might be employed as alternative materials in electronic packagings and electrochemical biosensors.
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19

Cui, Yifan, Rong Li, Liuqin Lai, Huimin Dai, Siyu Su, Naili Guo, and Xiaohong Zhu. "Comparison of reduced graphene oxides synthesized chemically with different reducing agents for supercapacitors." Materials Testing 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 1184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-0045.

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Abstract The chemical reduction of graphene oxide is an effective method for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide, having the obvious advantages of low cost and large scale applicability. Our work produced reduced graphene oxide through a simple water bath reduction approach using various reducing agents of N2H4 × H2O, NaBH4, Na2S2O3, HI, and a reference sample without reducing agent at the same reduction temperature and duration time, by which reduced graphene oxides represented as N-RGO, B-RGO, S-RGO, I-RGO, and RGO0 were fabricated. Subsequently, unbonded flexible electrodes based on carbon cloth were fabricated with the reduced graphene oxides mentioned above, whereupon the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance were characterized. The electrochemical results indicate that the order of specific capacitances is N-RGO > B-RGO > S-RGO > RGO0 > I-RGO, while I-RGO’s potential window is wider than that of the others. As a result, N-RGO displays the best electrochemical performance among all reduced graphene oxides, with a specific capacitance as high as 176.0 F × g-1 and 77.8 % of the initial specific capacitance maintained at a high current density of 20 A × g-1.
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20

Li, Shun, Zhaofeng Chen, Zhiyuan Rao, Fei Wang, Cao Wu, and Xinli Ye. "The preparation and research of reduced graphene oxide/glass composite fiber." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501988310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019883105.

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In this article, reduced graphene oxide/glass composite fiber was prepared from mixing graphene oxide and glass powder by ultrasonic dispersion, planetary grinding, high-temperature sintering, and melting wire drawing. The effects of reduced graphene oxide content on the mechanical and electrical properties of the fiber were investigated. Thermal gravimetric analyzer, differential scanning calorimeter, x-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the graphene oxide was reduced to reduced graphene oxide in the sintering process and the performances of the composite fiber were improved. The tensile strength of reduced graphene oxide/glass composite fiber was 20% higher than the pristine glass fibers by the addition of 0.5 wt% of reduced graphene oxide. Reduced graphene oxide content was positively correlated with composites conductivity, and according to the percolation theory, the percolation threshold of reduced graphene oxide/glass composite fiber was about 0.5 wt%, and the conductivity of the composite fibers was increased by four orders of magnitude compared to the pristine glass fibers when the content of reduced graphene oxide was 0.5 wt%.
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21

Kamisan, Ainnur Izzati, Lili Widarti Zainuddin, Ainnur Sherene Kamisan, T. I. T. Kudin, Oskar Hasdinor Hassan, Norhana Abdul Halim, and Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya. "Ultrasonic Assisted Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Glucose Solution." Key Engineering Materials 708 (September 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.708.25.

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A new carbon material viz. graphene has been attracted an increasing research interest owing to its unique electrical and mechanical properties that is useful for the various device applications. The synthesis of graphene from graphene oxide usually involves harmful chemical reducing agents that are toxic and undesirable to human and the environment. By avoiding the use of toxic and environmentally harmful reductants, we report a green approach to effectively reduce graphene oxide to graphene in glucose solution at room temperature. Graphite oxide was synthesized from graphite powder using modified Hummers’ method. Graphite oxide then further exfoliated to graphene oxide by using ultrasonic irradiation. The mild reduction of graphene oxide is carried out by mixing graphene oxide solution with glucose. The reduction time is varied with 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. TEM images provide clear evidence for the formation of few layer graphene. Characterization of theresulting glucose reduced graphene oxide by FTIR indicates the partial removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from the surface of graphene oxide and formation of graphene with defects.
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22

Yıldız, Kübra, and Muhammet Uzun. "Obtaining of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Graphite by using Hummer’s and Chemical Reduction Method." Academic Perspective Procedia 2, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.02.03.59.

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In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from graphite using modified Hummers method. According to other methods known in the literature, modified Hummers method; it is simpler and less costly in terms of process steps. In addition, it is safer and environmentally friendly than the Hummers method. Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) was obtained by reduction of graphene oxides (GO) synthesized by modified Hummers method. It is understood from the obtained results that GO is synthesized successfully from graphite powder by modified Hummers method and RGO is obtained successfully by reduction of graphene oxides (GO).
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23

Banerjee, Arghya Narayan. "Graphene and its derivatives as biomedical materials: future prospects and challenges." Interface Focus 8, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 20170056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0056.

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Graphene and its derivatives possess some intriguing properties, which generates tremendous interests in various fields, including biomedicine. The biomedical applications of graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted great interests over the last decade, and several groups have started working on this field around the globe. Because of the excellent biocompatibility, solubility and selectivity, graphene and its derivatives have shown great potential as biosensing and bio-imaging materials. Also, due to some unique physico-chemical properties of graphene and its derivatives, such as large surface area, high purity, good bio-functionalizability, easy solubility, high drug loading capacity, capability of easy cell membrane penetration, etc., graphene-based nanomaterials become promising candidates for bio-delivery carriers. Besides, graphene and its derivatives have also shown interesting applications in the fields of cell-culture, cell-growth and tissue engineering. In this article, a comprehensive review on the applications of graphene and its derivatives as biomedical materials has been presented. The unique properties of graphene and its derivatives (such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphane, graphone, graphyne, graphdiyne, fluorographene and their doped versions) have been discussed, followed by discussions on the recent efforts on the applications of graphene and its derivatives in biosensing, bio-imaging, drug delivery and therapy, cell culture, tissue engineering and cell growth. Also, the challenges involved in the use of graphene and its derivatives as biomedical materials are discussed briefly, followed by the future perspectives of the use of graphene-based nanomaterials in bio-applications. The review will provide an outlook to the applications of graphene and its derivatives, and may open up new horizons to inspire broader interests across various disciplines.
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24

Drewniak, Sabina Elżbieta, and Łukasz Drewniak. "The influence of the type of graphite on the size of reduced graphene oxide." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i2.1153.

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Reduced graphene oxide is a very attractive material for sensor applications. It exhibits high conductivity at room temperature and high specific surface area. Since it can be produced in many ways, its properties can be influenced by the fabrication method. In this paper, we investigated the influence of graphite precursors (flake, scalar and synthetic) on the size of reduced graphene oxide. We have shown that the size of the precursor determines the size of the obtained rGO. We have noted that the larger graphite size, the larger rGO size. Full Text: PDF ReferencesR. Peng, Y. Li, T. Liu et al., "Reduced graphene oxide/SnO2@Au heterostructure for enhanced ammonia gas sensing", Chem. Phys. Lett., 737, 136829 (2019). CrossRef S. Pei and H. M. Cheng, "The reduction of graphene oxide", Carbon N. Y., 50, 9 (2012). CrossRef N. Sharma, V. Sharma, R. Vyas et al., "A new sustainable green protocol for production of reduced graphene oxide and its gas sensing properties", J. Sci. Adv. Mater. Devices, 4, 3 (2019) CrossRef R. Tarcan, O. Todor-Boer, I. Petrovai, C. Leordean, S. Astilean, I. Botiz, "Reduced graphene oxide today", J. Mater. Chem. C, 8, 4 (2020). CrossRef X. Jiao, Y. Qiu, L. Zhang, and X. Zhang, "Comparison of the characteristic properties of reduced graphene oxides synthesized from natural graphites with different graphitization degrees", RSC Adv., 7, 82 (2017). CrossRef J.A. Quezada-Renteria, C.O. Ania, L.F. Chazaro-Ruiz, J.R. Rangel-Mendez, "Influence of protons on reduction degree and defect formation in electrochemically reduced graphene oxide", Carbon N. Y., 149 (2019). CrossRef H. Gao, Y. Ma, P. Song, J. Leng, Q. Wang, "Characterization and cytocompatibility of 3D porous biomimetic scaffold derived from rabbit nucleus pulposus tissue in vitro", J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 32, 8 (2021). CrossRef A.T. Lawal, "Graphene-based nano composites and their applications. A review", Biosens. Bioelectron., 141, 111384, (2019). CrossRef E. Aliyev, V. Filiz, M.M. Khan, Y.J. Lee, C. Abetz, V. Abetz, "Structural Characterization of Graphene Oxide: Surface Functional Groups and Fractionated Oxidative Debris", Nanomaterials, 9, 8 (2019). CrossRef S. Sali, H.R. Mackey, A.A. Abdala, "Effect of Graphene Oxide Synthesis Method on Properties and Performance of Polysulfone-Graphene Oxide Mixed Matrix Membranes", Nanomaterials, 9, 5 (2019). CrossRef G. Lu, L.E. Ocola, J. Chen, "Reduced graphene oxide for room-temperature gas sensors", Nanotechnology, 20, 44 (2009). CrossRef C. Botas, P. Alvarez, C. Blanco et al., "Critical temperatures in the synthesis of graphene-like materials by thermal exfoliation–reduction of graphite oxide", Carbon N. Y., 52, 2013. CrossRef
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Сугурбекова, Г. К., Р. М. Кудайбергенова, and Н. С. Мурзакасымова. "Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series 126, no. 1 (2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2019-126-1-48-54.

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Torrisi, L., L. Silipigni, and A. Torrisi. "Argon diffusion in graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide foils." Vacuum 200 (June 2022): 110993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.110993.

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Sutar, D. S., Gulbagh Singh, and V. Divakar Botcha. "Electronic structure of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide monolayers." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 10 (September 3, 2012): 103103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4749841.

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28

Liang, Haifeng, Wen Ren, Junhong Su, and Changlong Cai. "Photoconductivity of reduced graphene oxide and graphene oxide composite films." Thin Solid Films 521 (October 2012): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.12.086.

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29

Sanguansak, Yanisa, Pattarachai Srimuk, Atiweena Krittayavathananon, Santamon Luanwuthi, Natee Chinvipas, Poramane Chiochan, Jakkrit Khuntilo, Panupong Klunbud, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen, and Montree Sawangphruk. "Permselective properties of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide electrodes." Carbon 68 (March 2014): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.11.047.

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30

Mhlongo, Jessica T., Boitumelo Tlhaole, Linda Z. Linganiso, Tshwafo E. Motaung, and Ella C. Linganiso-Dziike. "Microwave-Assisted Reduction of Graphene Oxide to Reduced Graphene Oxide." Processes 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2025): 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13010216.

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Green chemistry seeks to find alternative synthesis routes that are less harsh to living organisms and the environment. In this communication, a microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique and a thermal annealing method were used in the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to make reduced GO (rGO). Graphite powder was oxidised using the Improved Hummers’ method, exfoliated, and freeze-dried. Thereafter, an aqueous suspension of GO was reduced under microwave (MW) irradiation for 10 min at 600 W with and without the help of a reducing agent (hydrazine hydrate). Thermal annealing reduction was also conducted under a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 °C for 1 h. Prepared samples were analysed using Raman laser spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A successful reduction in the GO functional groups between the sheets was established using XRD. In the Raman analysis, the ratio of the intensity of the D and G band (ID/IG) in graphene sheets assisted in assessing the quality of the graphene films. An estimation of the number of structural defects was calculated using the ID/IG ratio. The Raman analysis showed an increase in the ID/IG ratio after both oxidation and reduction processes. The defect densities of both MW-treated samples were comparable while an increased defect density was evident in the thermally annealed sample. TEM micrographs confirmed the sheet-like morphology of the samples. The rGO sheets obtained from the MW-treated method appeared to be smaller when compared to the rGO ones obtained by thermal treatment. It was also evident from XRD analysis that thermal treatment promoted the coalition of graphitic layers, such that the estimated number of layers was larger than that of GO. The elemental analysis showed that the C/O ratio of GO increased from 2 to 7.8 after MW hydrazine reduction.
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Kumar, M. Madesh, Prateek Kalidas Patil, Kadali Lakshmi, Sathish Reddy, S. Manjunatha, Y. T. Ravikiran, and M. Revanasiddappa. "Polythiophene/ Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Humidity Sensing Application." Materials Science Forum 1099 (October 5, 2023): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-kid2pk.

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A novel humidity sensing composite was synthesized using polythiophene (PTh) and graphene oxide by chemical oxidation process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and investigations on humidity sensing were used to characterize the samples. XRD pattern of PTh demonstrated that it is amorphous in nature. The flaky character and more compact structure of composites were both confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. These findings show that the thiophene monomer successfully polymerized on graphene's surface. Polythiophene/graphene composites were studied for their humidity sensing performance in the relative humidity (RH) range of 11% - 97%.
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32

Wang, Chubei, Jianwei Zhou, and Feipeng Du. "Synthesis of Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide for Supercapacitor." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4840301.

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A facile method to synthesize highly reduced graphene oxide in solid phase was developed. The reduced graphene oxide was scarcely prepared in solid phase. Solid substances act as spacers and pillaring agents. Sheets can not be close to each other in reduction process, and sheets agglomeration might not form. After reduction reaction is complete, the spacers and pillaring agents are removed. The average interlayer spacing and surface area of product are bigger than those of reduced graphene oxide. The product has few-layered sheet, and the ratio of carbon to oxygen is high, which might imply that the product is more similar to graphene compared to reduced graphene oxide. The specific capacitance of product is almost three times higher than that of reduced graphene oxide at the same current density.
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Li, Ming Jie, Chen Ming Liu, Hong Bin Cao, and Yi Zhang. "Surface Charge Research of Graphene Oxide, Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide and Thermally Exfoliated Graphene Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.127.

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In this contribution, the surface electrical properties of graphene oxide (GO), chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and thermally exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO) were characterized by zeta potential. Their surface morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscope. Then they were immobilized on glass carbon electrodes and their electrochemical behaviors for different charged redox systems were also investigated by using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. Results indicated that the density of surface negative charge on GO is much more than those on RGO and EGO. Furthermore, the electrochemical performances of electrodes modified with GO, RGO and EGO for detecting the model analyte Cu2+ by CV were compared. The results demonstrate that negative charge on the surface of graphene materials affects their performances as electrochemical sensors significantly.
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34

Kim, Daeyoung, Heon Kang, Donghyun Bae, Seungjin Nam, Manuel Quevedo-Lopez, and Hyunjoo Choi. "Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/aluminum nanocomposites via chemical-mechanical processes." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 22 (February 21, 2018): 3015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318760152.

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The present study employed a combination of solution-based synthesis and mechanical milling to develop reduced graphene oxide/aluminum composites, in order to achieve uniform dispersion of reduced graphene oxide and strong interfaces between reduced graphene oxide and aluminum. First, spherical aluminum powder was flattened via mechanical milling to afford a large specific surface area and many reaction sites for the graphene oxide. A hydrophilic surface was then created by coating the aluminum powder with polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol-coated aluminum slurry was mixed with a graphene oxide suspension, thereby inducing a reaction between graphene oxide and polyvinyl alcohol via hydrogen bonding. After thermal reduction, the composite powder was further ball milled and hot-pressed at 500℃ to produce a reduced graphene oxide/aluminum composite. The dispersion of reduced graphene oxide in the composite, as well as the mechanical and thermal behaviors of the composite, improved with increased flattening and specific surface area of the starting aluminum powder.
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Minitha, Cherukutty Ramakrishnan, and Ramasamy Thangavelu Rajendrakumar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.56.

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Reduced graphene oxide is an excellent candidate for various electronic devices such as high performance gas sensors. In this work Graphene oxide was prepared by oxidizing graphite to form graphite oxide. From XRD analysis the peak around 11.5o confirmed that the oxygen was intercalated into graphite. By using hydrazine hydrate, the epoxy group in graphite oxide was reduced then the solution of reduced graphite oxide (rGO) is exfoliated. Raman spectrum of rGO contains both G band (1580 cm-1), D band (1350 cm-1). The remarkable structural changes reveals that reduction of graphene oxide from the values of ID/IG ratio that increase from 0.727 (GO) to 1.414 (rGO). The exfoliated reduced graphite oxide solution is spin coated on to the SiO2/Si substrates.
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36

Robinson, Jeremy T., F. Keith Perkins, Eric S. Snow, Zhongqing Wei, and Paul E. Sheehan. "Reduced Graphene Oxide Molecular Sensors." Nano Letters 8, no. 10 (October 8, 2008): 3137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl8013007.

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He, Xiancong, Yuanyuan Sun, Nujiang Tang, and Youwei Du. "Photoconductivity enhancement of reduced graphene oxide with reduced oxide graphene quantum dots hybrids film." Materials Letters 188 (February 2017): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.10.078.

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38

Xiao, Weiwei, Na Ni, Xiaohui Fan, Xiaofeng Zhao, Yingzheng Liu, and Ping Xiao. "Ambient flash sintering of reduced graphene oxide/zirconia composites: Role of reduced graphene oxide." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 60 (January 2021): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.04.051.

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39

Hamid, Raghad Ali, and Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi. "A Green Method of Reducing Graphene Oxide by Tangerine Peel Extract." Asian Journal of Chemistry 36, no. 2 (January 31, 2024): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31027.

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This work introduces a simple and environmental friendly approach for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide using tangerine peel extract as a non-toxic alternative to toxic compounds. Various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the synthesized reduced graphene oxide. The UV-visible spectra of reduced graphene oxide (287 nm) at specific wavelengths and the FTIR analysis showed that the oxygen groups in reduced graphene oxide were reduced. Raman analysis confirmed a small increase in the intensity ratio of the D-band to the G-band. The X-ray diffraction spectra showed the presence of reduced graphene oxide in the 2θ angle, at 28.36º peak with a d-spacing value of 2.12 nm. The wettability and morphology of reduced graphene oxide were also investigated. The carbon-to-oxygen ratio of reduced graphene oxide was increased compared to graphene oxide in addition, the cyclic voltammetry was used to evaluate the electrochemical behaviour of the reduced graphene oxide.
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40

Amandeep, Kaur Rozi, Singh Harminder, Kamal Kaur Randhawa Deep, and Sheetal Anu. "Reduced graphene oxide synthesis by hummer method." i-manager's Journal on Material Science 11, no. 4 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jms.11.4.20557.

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In this study, Graphite Oxide (GO) film with a 2-D structure was successfully synthesized via the Hummer method. The GO film was further reduced by hydrazine to form a few layers of graphene. The graphite oxide and reduced graphene oxide synthesized in this study were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. A low-cost method using simple chemicals was employed to synthesize GO films with high conductivity on a large scale. The synthesized reduced graphene oxide can serve as an excellent material for various applications due to its lower cost and higher thermal, mechanical, and electrical conductivity. Large surface area graphene-based sensors and solar cells can efficiently replace expensive Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs).
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41

Groshkova, Yulia A., Elena Yu Buslaeva, Sergey V. Kraevskii, and Sergey P. Gubin. "Preparation of titanium oxide nanoparticles on the surface of reduced graphene oxide in supercritical isopropanol." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2023.15.043.

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Sequential synthesis of anatase modification titanium oxide nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide in supercritical isopropanol is described. In this case, only graphene oxide was reduced to reduced graphene oxide. A one-stage method (one-pot) was also developed for the preparation of titanium oxide nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide, where supercritical isopropanol was the graphene oxide reducing agent and the reaction medium. The resulting nanocomposites were studied using X-ray phase analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force spectroscopy methods.
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42

Eluyemi, M. S., M. A. Eleruja, A. V. Adedeji, B. Olofinjana, O. Fasakin, O. O. Akinwunmi, O. O. Ilori, A. T. Famojuro, S. A. Ayinde, and E. O. B. Ajayi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Method." Graphene 05, no. 03 (2016): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/graphene.2016.53012.

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43

He, Yong Qiang, Fei Wu, Di Wu, Yong Li Zhang, Jian Ping Gao, and Jing Yan. "Stable Reduced Graphene Oxide Suspension Modified by PAMAM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.213.

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Poly (amidoanime) (PAMAM) dendrimers contain numerous amino-terminal groups and are highly hydrophilic. These terminal groups make PAMAM molecules adsorbed onto graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets through electrostatic action with oxygen containing groups on graphene oxide nanosheets. The PAMAM molecules react with GO, and form stable aqueous suspension of modified reduced graphene oxide (RGO).
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44

Ramirez-Barria, Carolina S., Diana M. Fernandes, Cristina Freire, Elvira Villaro-Abalos, Antonio Guerrero-Ruiz, and Inmaculada Rodríguez-Ramos. "Upgrading the Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Produced by Thermal Reduction toward Efficient ORR Electrocatalysts." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2019): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121761.

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N-doped (NrGO) and non-doped (rGO) graphenic materials are prepared by oxidation and further thermal treatment under ammonia and inert atmospheres, respectively, of natural graphites of different particle sizes. An extensive characterization of graphene materials points out that the physical properties of synthesized materials, as well as the nitrogen species introduced, depend on the particle size of the starting graphite, the reduction atmospheres, and the temperature conditions used during the exfoliation treatment. These findings indicate that it is possible to tailor properties of non-doped and N-doped reduced graphene oxide, such as the number of layers, surface area, and nitrogen content, by using a simple strategy based on selecting adequate graphite sizes and convenient experimental conditions during thermal exfoliation. Additionally, the graphenic materials are successfully applied as electrocatalysts for the demanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nitrogen doping together with the starting graphite of smaller particle size (NrGO325-4) resulted in a more efficient ORR electrocatalyst with more positive onset potentials (Eonset = 0.82 V versus RHE), superior diffusion-limiting current density (jL, 0.26V, 1600rpm = −4.05 mA cm−2), and selectivity to the direct four-electron pathway. Moreover, all NrGOm-4 show high tolerance to methanol poisoning in comparison with the state-of-the-art ORR electrocatalyst Pt/C and good stability.
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45

Zhong, Mian, Xin Dai, Hongxing Xiang, Bingwei Liu, Xin Zhao, Dongshan Wei, Xiaoguang Tu, et al. "Preparation, Characterization, and Terahertz Spectroscopy Characteristics of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Doped Epoxy Resin Coating." Coatings 11, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121503.

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Reduced graphene oxide has attracted numerous interests due to its unique, superior electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. An epoxy resin with excellent mechanical and electrical properties can be obtained by doping with reduced graphene oxide to enhance the function of the polymer. Here, we prepared a uniform reduced graphene oxide/epoxy resin coating with a different reduced graphene oxide content and characterized it using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Furthermore, the spectral characteristics of the composite coating in the terahertz band were discussed. The cross-sectional SEM results show that a fold structure with ductile failure was intensively formed due to the compatibility of graphene and polymer materials. Both the Raman G and Raman 2D peaks of reduced graphene oxide were confirmed using Raman spectrum testing. The diffraction peak of reduced graphene oxide at 24° disappeared within the reduced graphene oxide/epoxy resin coating, and a wide diffraction peak of the amorphous structure was formed together. Additionally, the intensity of the Raman spectrum increased significantly with increased reduced graphene oxide content, thereby making the surface electrical resistance of the coatings decrease exponentially. Additionally, the intensity of the terahertz time-domain signal and frequency-domain power spectrum linearly reduced with increased reduced graphene oxide concentration. However, the terahertz absorption coefficient and refractive index both increased gradually with increased reduced graphene oxide doping due to increased orientation polarization in the composite coating.
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46

Onyszko, Magdalena, Karolina Urbas, Malgorzata Aleksandrzak, and Ewa Mijowska. "Reduced graphene oxide and inorganic nanoparticles composites – synthesis and characterization." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0074.

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Abstract Graphene – novel 2D material, which possesses variety of fascinating properties, can be considered as a convenient support material for the nanoparticles. In this work various methods of synthesis of reduced graphene oxide with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles will be presented. The hydrothermal approach for deposition of platinum, palladium and zirconium dioxide nanoparticles in ethylene glycol/water solution was applied. Here, platinum/reduced graphene oxide (Pt/RGO), palladium/reduced graphene oxide (Pd/RGO) and zirconium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (ZrO2/RGO) nanocomposites were prepared. Additionally, manganese dioxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (MnO2/RGO) was synthesized in an oleic-water interface. The obtained nanocomposites were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results shows that GO can be successfully used as a template for direct synthesis of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles on its surface with a homogenous distribution.
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47

Groshkova, Yulia A., Sergey V. Kraevskii, and Elena Yu Buslaeva. "Obtaining of titanium dioxide (rutile) particles on the surface of reduced graphene oxide in supercritical isopropanol." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 15, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2023.15.153.

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Sequential synthesis of rutile modification titanium oxide particles on reduced graphene oxide in supercritical isopropanol is described. In this case, only graphene oxide was reduced to reduced graphene oxide. A one-stage method (one-pot) was also developed for the preparation of rutile particles on reduced graphene oxide, where supercritical isopropanol was the graphene oxide reducing agent and the reaction medium. The resulting composites were studied using X-ray phase analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force spectroscopy methods.
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48

Romero, Toral-Lopez, Ohata, Morales, Ruiz, Godoy, and Rodriguez. "Laser-Fabricated Reduced Graphene Oxide Memristors." Nanomaterials 9, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060897.

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Finding an inexpensive and scalable method for the mass production of memristors will be one of the key aspects for their implementation in end-user computing applications. Herein, we report pioneering research on the fabrication of laser-lithographed graphene oxide memristors. The devices have been surface-fabricated through a graphene oxide coating on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate followed by a localized laser-assisted photo-thermal partial reduction. When the laser fluence is appropriately tuned during the fabrication process, the devices present a characteristic pinched closed-loop in the current-voltage relation revealing the unique fingerprint of the memristive hysteresis. Combined structural and electrical experiments have been conducted to characterize the raw material and the devices that aim to establish a path for optimization. Electrical measurements have demonstrated a clear distinction between the resistive states, as well as stable memory performance, indicating the potential of laser-fabricated graphene oxide memristors in resistive switching applications.
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49

Buasuwan, Lattapol, Vitchayes Niyomnaitham, and Aniwat Tandaechanurat. "Reduced Graphene Oxide Using an Environmentally Friendly Banana Extracts." MRS Advances 4, no. 38-39 (2019): 2143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.280.

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ABSTRACTOne of the most promising methods to produce graphene in large scale is the use of chemical exfoliation together with chemical reduction to achieve reduced graphene oxide. Replacing conventional reducing agents, such as NaBH4 and hydrazine, with cheap, widely available, safe, environmentally friendly, and easy-to-prepare reducing agents is a key to large-scale commercial production of reduced graphene oxide. In this work, we investigate the effectiveness of utilizing fruit extracts derived from banana peel and juice to reduce graphene oxide. After the reduction, the oxygen-containing functional groups in graphene oxide are effectively removed, and the sp2 hybridized carbon-carbon bonding networks are restored, as evidenced by the characterization using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Our banana extracts would offer a promising pathway for realizing cheap, safe, and environmentally friendly reducing agents for the upscale production of reduced graphene oxide.
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Modafferi, Vincenza, Saveria Santangelo, Michele Fiore, Enza Fazio, Claudia Triolo, Salvatore Patanè, Riccardo Ruffo, and Maria G. Musolino. "Transition Metal Oxides on Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (April 11, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1703218.

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Transition metal oxides on reduced graphene oxide (TMO@rGO) nanocomposites were successfully prepared via a very simple one-step solvothermal process, involving the simultaneous (thermal) reduction of graphene oxide to graphene and the deposition of TMO nanoparticles over its surface. Texture and morphology, microstructure, and chemical and surface compositions of the nanocomposites were investigated via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The results prove that Fe2O3@rGO, CoFe2O4@rGO, and CoO@rGO are obtained by using Fe and/or Co acetates as oxide precursors, with the TMO nanoparticles uniformly anchored onto the surface of graphene sheets. The electrochemical performance of the most promising nanocomposite was evaluated as anode material for sodium ion batteries. The preliminary results of galvanostatic cycling prove that Fe2O3@rGO nanocomposite exhibits better rate capability and stability than both bare Fe2O3 and Fe2O3+rGO physical mixture.
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