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Journal articles on the topic 'Reduced Length Modeling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Kwon, O., та F. E. Ames. "A Velocity and Length Scale Approach to k–ε Modeling". Journal of Heat Transfer 118, № 4 (1996): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822581.

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This paper describes a velocity and length scale approach to low-Reynolds-number k–ε modeling, which formulates the eddy viscosity on the normal component of turbulence and a length scale. The normal component of turbulence is modeled based on the dissipation and distance from the wall and is bounded by the isotropic condition. The model accounts for the anisotropy of the dissipation and the reduced length of mixing in the near wall region. The kinetic energy and dissipation rate were computed from the k and ε transport equations of Durbin (1993). The model was tested for a wide range of turbu

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Liu, Yujiong, and Pinhas Ben-Tzvi. "Dynamic Modeling, Analysis, and Design Synthesis of a Reduced Complexity Quadruped with a Serpentine Robotic Tail." Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, no. 2 (2021): 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab083.

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Synopsis Serpentine tail structures are widely observed in the animal kingdom and are thought to help animals to handle various motion tasks. Developing serpentine robotic tails and using them on legged robots has been an attractive idea for robotics. This article presents the theoretical analysis for such a robotic system that consists of a reduced complexity quadruped and a serpentine robotic tail. Dynamic model and motion controller are formulated first. Simulations are then conducted to analyze the tail’s performance on the airborne righting and maneuvering tasks of the quadruped. Using th

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3

Chowdhury, Md Arman, Ahmad Rahmzadeh, Saber Moradi, and M. Shahria Alam. "Feasibility of using reduced length superelastic shape memory alloy strands in post-tensioned steel beam–column connections." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 2 (2018): 283–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18806393.

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Driven by a need to reduce repair costs and downtime in structures following a major earthquake, self-centering systems have been introduced. Post-tensioned high strength steel strands have shown promising results in providing self-centering capability in steel frames, where the beams are compressed to columns. This study aims at investigating the feasibility of using reduced length of steel and shape memory alloy strands in steel beam–column connections. Through finite element modeling, the study first evaluates the effect of using short-length regular post-tensioned strands in steel connecti

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Xu, Shi Xian, Yu Zhang, Meng Lan Duan, and Bing Dai. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of Single-Lap Joints with Variable Interfacial Crack Length ." Key Engineering Materials 665 (September 2015): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.665.161.

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This paper investigated the performance of single-lap joints with interfacial crack through the finite element method. The finite element method was validated by the G-R solutions at first. And then the influence of geometric parameter of the joint as well as the length of the interfacial crack were discussed. Results showed that the presence of a spew fillet can reduced the stress intensity factors (SIF).The relationship of the crack length ratio and SIF, adhesive thickness ratio and SIF were built.

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Yilmaz, Ibrahim, Ece Ayli, and Selin Aradag. "Investigation of the Effects of Length to Depth Ratio on Open Supersonic Cavities Using CFD and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/810175.

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Simulations of supersonic turbulent flow over an open rectangular cavity are performed to observe the effects of length to depth ratio (L/D) of the cavity on the flow structure. Two-dimensional compressible time-dependent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with k-ωturbulence model are solved. A reduced order modeling approach, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method, is used to further analyze the flow. Results are obtained for cavities with severalL/Dratios at a Mach number of 1.5. Mostly, sound pressure levels (SPL) are used for comparison. After a reduced order modeling approach

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Anderson, L. S., and R. S. Anderson. "Modeling debris-covered glaciers: extension due to steady debris input." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 6 (2015): 6423–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-6423-2015.

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Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers are common in rapidly-eroding alpine landscapes. When thicker than a few centimeters, surface debris suppresses melt rates. If continuous debris cover is present, mass balance gradients can be reduced leading to increases in glacier length. In order to quantify feedbacks in the debris-glacier-climate system, we developed a 2-D long-valley numerical glacier model that includes englacial and supraglacial advection. We ran 120 simulations in which a steady state debris-free glacier responds to a step increase of surface debris deposition. Simulated glaciers advan

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Anderson, Leif S., and Robert S. Anderson. "Modeling debris-covered glaciers: response to steady debris deposition." Cryosphere 10, no. 3 (2016): 1105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1105-2016.

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Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers are common in rapidly eroding alpine landscapes. When thicker than a few centimeters, surface debris suppresses melt rates. If continuous debris cover is present, ablation rates can be significantly reduced leading to increases in glacier length. In order to quantify feedbacks in the debris–glacier–climate system, we developed a 2-D long-valley numerical glacier model that includes englacial and supraglacial debris advection. We ran 120 simulations on a linear bed profile in which a hypothetical steady state debris-free glacier responds to a step increase of s

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Mehr, E. H., and H. R. Saba. "Ductility Evaluation of Steel Structures with Reduced Beam Sections and Post-Tensioned Cables Using the Finite Element Method." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 6 (2017): 2236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1568.

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Given the importance of structure strengthening, this research introduces a particular type of steel structure in which the reduced beam section and post-tensioned cables were used for creating centralized property and preventing the formation of plastic hinges in the beam and columns. After introducing the system, ABAQUS modeling results are compared with a reliable laboratory sample to check its accuracy. Good convergence was seen which shows the modeling accuracy. The results of the model’s nonlinear static analysis revealed that the above steel structure has higher ductility when compared

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9

Cheng, Fang-Yi, Chin-Fang Lin, Yu-Tzu Wang, Jeng-Lin Tsai, Ben-Jei Tsuang, and Ching-Ho Lin. "Impact of Effective Roughness Length on Mesoscale Meteorological Simulations over Heterogeneous Land Surfaces in Taiwan." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (2019): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120805.

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The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system obtains the aerodynamic roughness length (z0) from a land use (LU) lookup table. The effective aerodynamic roughness length (z0eff) was estimated for the island of Taiwan by considering the individual roughness lengths (z0i) of the underlying LU types within a modeling grid box. Two z0eff datasets were prepared: one using the z0i from the default LU lookup table and the other using the observed z0i for three LU types (urban, dry cropland and pasture, and irrigated cropland and pasture). The spatial variability of the z0eff distribution

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10

Zhou, Beibei, Xiaopeng Chen, Lijun Su, Hujun Li, Quanjiu Wang, and Wanghai Tao. "Evaluation and modeling of factors influencing the depth of mixing layer in which soil solute releasing from soil to surface runoff." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 101, no. 3 (2021): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2020-0141.

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The depth of mixing layer is one of the important parameters which cannot be assigned a constant value affected by many factors in the slope runoff. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of slope length and underground biomass on slope runoff, solute transport processes, as well as mixing layer depth. In this study, the experimental plots with the four slope lengths (5, 10, 15, and 20 m) and a width of 2 m were built on the slope with the gradient of 20°. In addition, the plots with the millet or wheat planting were built on the slope. The change of runoff and solute transp

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Karami Moghadam, Mehdi, Ata Amini, Marlinda Abdul Malek, Thamer Mohammad, and Hasan Hoseini. "Physical Modeling of Ski-Jump Spillway to Evaluate Dynamic Pressure." Water 11, no. 8 (2019): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081687.

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The effects of changes in the angle of pool impact plate, plunging depth, and discharge upon the dynamic pressure caused by ski-jump buckets were investigated in the laboratory. Four impact plate angles and four plunging depths were used. Discharges of 67, 86, 161, and 184 L/s were chosen. For any discharge, plunging depth and impact plate angle were regulated, and dynamic pressures were measured by a transducer. The results showed that with the increase in the ratio of drop length of the jet to its break-up length (H/Lb), and with an increase in the impact plate angle, the mean dynamic pressu

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12

Bina, Rasoul, and Mahdi Mojahedi. "Static Deflection, Pull-in Instability and Oscillatory Behavior of the Electrostatically Actuated Microresonator with a Distributed Proof Mass Considering Non-Classical Theory." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 02 (2017): 1750023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500235.

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In this paper, the static and vibration responses of a microresonator by considering distributed proof mass are investigated based on the modified couple stress theory (MCST). The microresonator has a proof mass placed on the end of micro-cantilever beam and the proof mass actuated by electrostatic actuation. Due to the large length of proof mass compared to beam length, the proof mass is considered as a lengthy mass in the modeling. Hence, the resultant force and moment acting on the proof mass can be calculated by integrating the density of the electrostatic force along the mass length. Cons

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Jankoski, Radoslav, Ulrich Römer, and Sebastian Schöps. "Modeling of spatial uncertainties in the magnetic reluctivity." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 36, no. 4 (2017): 1151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2016-0438.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a computationally efficient approach for the stochastic modeling of an inhomogeneous reluctivity of magnetic materials. These materials can be part of electrical machines such as a single-phase transformer (a benchmark example that is considered in this paper). The approach is based on the Karhunen–Loève expansion (KLE). The stochastic model is further used to study the statistics of the self-inductance of the primary coil as a quantity of interest (QoI). Design/methodology/approach The computation of the KLE requires solving a generalized eigenv

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14

Bustillo, Andres, Luis N. López de Lacalle, Asier Fernández-Valdivielso, and Pedro Santos. "Data-mining modeling for the prediction of wear on forming-taps in the threading of steel components." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 3, no. 4 (2016): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2016.06.002.

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Abstract An experimental approach is presented for the measurement of wear that is common in the threading of cold-forged steel. In this work, the first objective is to measure wear on various types of roll taps manufactured to tapping holes in microalloyed HR45 steel. Different geometries and levels of wear are tested and measured. Taking their geometry as the critical factor, the types of forming tap with the least wear and the best performance are identified. Abrasive wear was observed on the forming lobes. A higher number of lobes in the chamber zone and around the nominal diameter meant a

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15

PROVATAS, NIKOLAS, MICHAEL GREENWOOD, BADRINARAYAN ATHREYA, NIGEL GOLDENFELD, and JONATHAN DANTZIG. "MULTISCALE MODELING OF SOLIDIFICATION: PHASE-FIELD METHODS TO ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 31 (2005): 4525–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205032917.

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We review the use of phase field methods in solidification modeling, describing their fundamental connection to the physics of phase transformations. The inherent challenges associated with simulating phase field models across multiple length and time scales are discussed, as well as how these challenges have been addressed in recent years. Specifically, we discuss new asymptotic analysis methods that enable phase field equations to emulate the sharp interface limit even in the case of quite diffuse phase-field interfaces, an aspect that greatly reduces computation times. We then review recent

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16

Lu, Xin, and Gui Li Wang. "Influence of Fusible Interlining on Draping Modeling Ability of Fabrics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.72.

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In the design of modern garment, fabrics have a remarkable influence on the garment styles and modeling. This paper, taking the flare skirt as an example, discusses the draping ability of six kinds of different fabric slitting under the conditions of bare chip and adhesive through the experiment. The study shows that the whole modeling of the skirt pieces after adhesion with fusible interlining, will show the changes of the reduced drapability and the reduced angular line numbers and the formed wave’s position dot will move downward. The length of wave will be shortened, the overall width will

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17

Sorrel, Miguel A., Francisco J. Abad, Julio Olea, Jimmy de la Torre, and Juan Ramón Barrada. "Inferential Item-Fit Evaluation in Cognitive Diagnosis Modeling." Applied Psychological Measurement 41, no. 8 (2017): 614–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621617707510.

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Research related to the fit evaluation at the item level involving cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) has been scarce. According to the parsimony principle, balancing goodness of fit against model complexity is necessary. General CDMs require a larger sample size to be estimated reliably, and can lead to worse attribute classification accuracy than the appropriate reduced models when the sample size is small and the item quality is poor, which is typically the case in many empirical applications. The main purpose of this study was to systematically examine the statistical properties of four inf

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18

Shi, Xiong, and Jun Chen. "Numerical Simulation Based on CFD for the Movement Field of the Hydraulic Poppet Valve." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 1266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.1266.

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Based on the physical numerical modeling of the hydraulic poppet valve, the inside flow field was simulated by numerical method of the dynamic mesh technology of Fluent. The analysis results indicate that the intake rate and flux are reduced by minishing the poppet. And the eddy section’ s length of the intake and the concave corner of the valve core is gradually minished and disappeared at last.

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19

Khalid, N., N. I. M. Nor, W. M. W. Norhaimi, Zaliman Sauli, and Vithyacharan Retnasamy. "Design and Analysis on Symmetric MEMS Inductor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 815 (November 2015): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.815.364.

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This paper presents the design and analysis of new proposed topology micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) inductor. This new symmetric MEMS inductor is designed to reduce the total length of the conductor strip and hence reduce the resistance of the metal tracks. This results significant increases in the quality (Q) factor of the inductor. In this paper, the MEMS inductor is designed using CoventorWare®, which is powerful software for MEMS computer aided design (CAD), modeling and simulation. Results indicate that new symmetric inductor topology has thehighest Q-factor and it hasbeenimproved

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20

Jiang, Hongxiang, Changlong Du, Songyong Liu, and Liping Wang. "Theoretical Modeling of Rock Breakage by Hydraulic and Mechanical Tool." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/895835.

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Rock breakage by coupled mechanical and hydraulic action has been developed over the past several decades, but theoretical study on rock fragmentation by mechanical tool with water pressure assistance was still lacking. The theoretical model of rock breakage by mechanical tool was developed based on the rock fracture mechanics and the solution of Boussinesq’s problem, and it could explain the process of rock fragmentation as well as predicating the peak reacting force. The theoretical model of rock breakage by coupled mechanical and hydraulic action was developed according to the superposition

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Ouakad, Hassen M., and Mohammad I. Younis. "Modeling and Simulations of Collapse Instabilities of Microbeams due to Capillary Forces." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/871902.

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We present modeling and analysis for the static behavior and collapse instabilities of doubly-clamped and cantilever microbeams subjected to capillary forces. These forces can be as a result of a volume of liquid trapped underneath the microbeam during the rinsing and drying process in fabrication. The model considers the microbeam as a continuous medium, the capillary force as a nonlinear function of displacement, and accounts for the mid-plane stretching and geometric nonlinearities. The capillary force is assumed to be distributed over a specific length underneath the microbeam. The Galerki

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Zhang, Chun-Lu, and Liang Yang. "Modeling of Supercritical CO2 Flow Through Short Tube Orifices." Journal of Fluids Engineering 127, no. 6 (2005): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2060738.

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The transcritical cycle of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a promising alternative approach to heat pumps and automobile air conditioners. As an expansion device, the short tube orifice in a transcritical CO2 system usually receives supercritical fluid at the entrance and discharges a two-phase mixture at the exit. In this work, a two-fluid model (TFM) is developed for modeling the flow characteristics of supercritical CO2 through the short tube orifice. The deviations between the TFM predictions and the measured mass flow rates are within ±20%. Meanwhile, the TFM predicts reasonable pressure, tempera

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23

SEDIGHI, HAMID M., A. KOOCHI, and M. ABADYAN. "MODELING THE SIZE DEPENDENT STATIC AND DYNAMIC PULL-IN INSTABILITY OF CANTILEVER NANOACTUATOR BASED ON STRAIN GRADIENT THEORY." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 06, no. 05 (2014): 1450055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825114500550.

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It is well-established that mechanical behavior of nanoscale systems is size dependent. In this paper, strain gradient elasticity theory is used for mathematical modeling of size dependent electromechanical instability of cantilever nanoactuator. The nanoactuator is modeled using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and equation of motion is derived using Hamilton's principle. In order to solve the nonlinear governing equation, reduced order method (ROM) is employed. The dynamic pull-in instability of the nanoactuator is investigated through plotting the time history and phase portrait of the system. S

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Li, Yuanyuan, and Dietmar Bauer. "Modeling I(2) Processes Using Vector Autoregressions Where the Lag Length Increases with the Sample Size." Econometrics 8, no. 3 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8030038.

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In this paper the theory on the estimation of vector autoregressive (VAR) models for I(2) processes is extended to the case of long VAR approximation of more general processes. Hereby the order of the autoregression is allowed to tend to infinity at a certain rate depending on the sample size. We deal with unrestricted OLS estimators (in the model formulated in levels as well as in vector error correction form) as well as with two stage estimation (2SI2) in the vector error correction model (VECM) formulation. Our main results are analogous to the I(1) case: We show that the long VAR approxima

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Sun, Shanhui, Meihua Zhou, Wei Lu, and Afshin Davarpanah. "Application of Symmetry Law in Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Fracturing by Finite Element Method." Symmetry 12, no. 7 (2020): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071122.

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In this paper, influential parameters on the hydraulic fracturing processes in porous media were investigated. Besides, the simultaneous stimulation of solids, fluids and fractures geomechanical equations were numerically analyzed as a developed 3D model. To do this, the Abacus software was used as a multi-objective program to solve the physical-mechanical symmetry law governing equations, according to the finite element method. Two different layers, A (3104–2984 m) and B (4216–4326 m), are considered in the model. According to the result of this study, the maximum fracture opening length in t

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26

Siddaiah, Nalluri, D. V. Rama Koti Reddy, Y. Bhavani Sankar, R. Anil Kumar, and Hossein Pakdast. "Modeling and Simulation of Triple Coupled Cantilever Sensor for Mass Sensing Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 3 (2015): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i3.pp403-408.

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Cantilever sensors have been the growing attention in last decades and their use as a mass detector. This work presents design, modeling and analysis of Triple coupled cantilever(TCC) sensor using MEMS simulation software Comsol Multiphysics with critical dimensions of 100μm length,20μm width and 2μm thickness. Simulations were performed based on finite element modeling techniques, where different resonant frequencies were observed for different modes of operation. It is also observed that the resonant frequency of the sensor decreases as some mass is applied on one particular cantilever. The

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27

Diamond, Joel M., Christopher A. Call, and Nora Devoe. "Effects of targeted cattle grazing on fire behavior of cheatgrass-dominated rangeland in the northern Great Basin, USA." International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, no. 8 (2009): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf08075.

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We evaluated the effectiveness of using targeted, or prescribed, cattle grazing to reduce the flame length and rate of spread of fires on cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum)-dominated rangeland in northern Nevada. Cattle removed 80–90% of B. tectorum biomass during the boot (phenological) stage in grazed plots in May 2005. Grazed and ungrazed plots were burned in October 2005 to assess fire behavior characteristics. Targeted grazing reduced B. tectorum biomass and cover, which resulted in reductions in flame length and rate of spread. When the grazing treatments were repeated on the same plots in May

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Wang, Yanfei, Yaxin Ning, and Yibo Wang. "Fractional Time Derivative Seismic Wave Equation Modeling for Natural Gas Hydrate." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 5901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225901.

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Simulation of the seismic wave propagation in natural gas hydrate (NGH) is of great importance. To finely portray the propagation of seismic wave in NGH, attenuation properties of the earth’s medium which causes reduced amplitude and dispersion need to be considered. The traditional viscoacoustic wave equations described by integer-order derivatives can only nearly describe the seismic attenuation. Differently, the fractional time derivative seismic wave-equation, which was rigorously derived from the Kjartansson’s constant-Q model, could be used to accurately describe the attenuation behavior

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Danos, Nicole, Natalie C. Holt, Gregory S. Sawicki, and Emanuel Azizi. "Modeling age-related changes in muscle-tendon dynamics during cyclical contractions in the rat gastrocnemius." Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 4 (2016): 1004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00396.2016.

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Efficient muscle-tendon performance during cyclical tasks is dependent on both active and passive mechanical tissue properties. Here we examine whether age-related changes in the properties of muscle-tendon units (MTUs) compromise their ability to do work and utilize elastic energy storage. We empirically quantified passive and active properties of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and material properties of the Achilles tendon in young (∼6 mo) and old (∼32 mo) rats. We then used these properties in computer simulations of a Hill-type muscle model operating in series with a Hookean spring. The m

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Song, Binjie, Jianhai Yue, and Zhunqing Hu. "Modeling and simulation for low-frequency vibration energy harvesting based on piezoelectric unimorph cantilever beam." MATEC Web of Conferences 208 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820804003.

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In order to solve the problem of sustainable energy supply for low-power electronic products used in low-frequency vibration environment, the mathematic model was established based on the theory of piezoelectricity and Euler-Bernoulli beam. Also, the effects of different parameters of PZT unimorph beams such as the length, width, and tip mass on generating capacity were studied by FEM. The results show that the energy harvester with PZT unimorph beam and tip mass is suitable for low-frequency vibration environment. Increasing the length or reducing the width of the beam can significantly lower

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Kumar, K. Senthil, Saptarsi Ghosh, Anup Sarkar, S. Bhattacharya, and Subir Kumar Sarkar. "Analytical Modeling for Short Channel SOI-MOSFET and to Study its Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 5150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.5150.

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With the emergence of mobile computing and communication, low power device design and implementation have got a significant role to play in VLSI circuit design. Conventional silicon (bulk CMOS) technology couldn‘t overcome the fundamental physical limitations belonging to sub-micro or nanometer region which leads to alternative device technology like Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology. In a fully-depleted FDSOI structure the electrostatic coupling of channel with source/drain and substrate through the buried layer (BL) is reduced. This allows in turn to reduce the minimal channel length of

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Inoue, Tomohiro, and Takashi Miyatake. "3D simulation of near-field strong ground motion based on dynamic modeling." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88, no. 6 (1998): 1445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0880061445.

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Abstract We simulate the strong ground motion generated from the earthquake rupture process on a shallow strike-slip fault using a 3D finite-difference method. The faulting process is modeled using a crack model with fixed rupture velocity. The variability of peak ground velocity patterns, correlated with fault location and source parameters such as stress drop or rupture velocity, is investigated. Our findings suggest that these patterns are strongly affected by rupture directivity and the uppermost depth of the fault or that of the asperity. When a fault breaks the ground surface, the peak g

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Safin, Ruslan R., Ruslan R. Khasanshin, Regina V. Salimgaraeva, and Elena A. Beliakova. "Heat Treatment of Crushed Wood in Rotary Drum Dryers." Key Engineering Materials 743 (July 2017): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.743.378.

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The developed mathematical description of heat treatment of the crushed wood in rotary drum dryers, and also the results of the mathematical description of the studied process is presented in the article. The results of mathematical modeling have shown that with increase in the diameter of a drum by 3 times its length can be reduced almost by 7 times due to the increase in the relative stay time of particles in flight. It provides the best interaction of particles with the heat carrier. Increase in speed of rotation of the drum twice also allows reducing its length almost by 3 times, but at th

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ROY, KAUSHIK, SAIBAL MUKHOPADHYAY, and HAMID MAHMOODI-MEIMAND. "LEAKAGE CURRENT IN DEEP-SUBMICRON CMOS CIRCUITS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 11, no. 06 (2002): 575–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812660200063x.

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The high leakage current in deep submicron regimes is becoming a significant contributor to the power dissipation of CMOS circuits as the threshold voltage, channel length, and gate oxide thickness are reduced. Consequently, the identification and modeling of different leakage components is very important for the estimation and reduction of leakage power, especially in the low power applications. This paper explores the various transistor intrinsic leakage mechanisms including the weak inversion, the drain-induced barrier lowering, the gate-induced drain leakage, and the gate oxide tunneling.

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Hakhamaneshi, Manouchehr, Bruce L. Kutter, Mark Moore, and Casey Champion. "Validation of ASCE 41-13 Modeling Parameters and Acceptance Criteria for Rocking Shallow Foundations." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 2 (2016): 1121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/121914eqs216m.

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The standard ASCE 41-13 Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings includes new provisions for linear and non-linear modeling parameters and acceptance criteria for rocking shallow foundations. The new modeling parameters and acceptance criteria were largely based on model tests on rectangular rocking foundations with a limited range of footing length to width ratio (L/B). New model test results are presented, including a systematic variation of L/B and also non-rectangular (I-shaped) footings. This new data along with previously published results are presented to validate the trili

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Wood, Katherine A., Charlie F. Rowlands, Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh Qureshi, et al. "Disease modeling of core pre-mRNA splicing factor haploinsufficiency." Human Molecular Genetics 28, no. 22 (2019): 3704–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz169.

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Abstract The craniofacial disorder mandibulofacial dysostosis Guion-Almeida type is caused by haploinsufficiency of the U5 snRNP gene EFTUD2/SNU114. However, it is unclear how reduced expression of this core pre-mRNA splicing factor leads to craniofacial defects. Here we use a CRISPR-Cas9 nickase strategy to generate a human EFTUD2-knockdown cell line and show that reduced expression of EFTUD2 leads to diminished proliferative ability of these cells, increased sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the mis-expression of several genes involved in the ER stress response. RNA-Seq an

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Zahed, Fatemeh, Amir Etemad-Shahidi, and Ebrahim Jabbari. "Modeling of salinity intrusion under different hydrological conditions in the Arvand River Estuary." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 12 (2008): 1476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-087.

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Arvand River Estuary is the most important inland water body of Iran and its discharge has been reduced in the last decades due to construction of several dams. Hence, a two-dimensional laterally averaged time dependent hydrodynamic and water quality model called CE-QUAL-W2 was applied to this estuary to assess the impacts of river discharge reduction. The model was first implemented with three different closure schemes for parameterization of vertical transport of mass and momentum. It was found that the W2N scheme performs better than the other schemes in predicting the vertical salinity str

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Wang, Bo, Yan Huang, and Yi Chao Yuan. "Modeling Spray Formed by Spring Nozzle Using Volume-of-Fluid Method." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.499.

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Spring nozzles are widely used in deaerators. The spray issued from a spring nozzle was studied numerically with an adapted volume of fluid method combined with a continuous surface force model to capture the gas–liquid interface dynamics. The present analysis focuses on the formation of a water film and the generation of droplets near the spring nozzle outlet. The numerical simulation results show that the water film breaks up to droplets at the location 20~25cm from the nozzle exit vertically. The vortical structures are formed due to the interaction between the liquid film and the surroundi

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Ho, Y. H., and B. Lakshminarayana. "Computational Modeling of Three-Dimensional Endwall Flow Through a Turbine Rotor Cascade With Strong Secondary Flows." Journal of Turbomachinery 118, no. 2 (1996): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836634.

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A steady, three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solver that utilizes a pressure-based technique for incompressible flows is used to simulate the three-dimensional flow field in a turbine cascade. A new feature of the numerical scheme is the implementation of a second-order plus fourth-order artificial dissipation formulation, which provides a precise control of the numerical dissipation. A low-Reynolds-number form of a two-equation turbulence model is used to account for the turbulence effects. Comparison between the numerical predictions and the experimental data indicates that the numerical model

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Pushkarev, S., A. Plaksin, A. Sycheva, and P. Harlanova. "Geometric Modeling of Stress Visualization Tools Based on the Functional-Voxel Method." Geometry & Graphics 8, no. 3 (2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2020-36-43.

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One of the approaches to the construction of graphic images of the stress state for the force vector applied to a point is considered in this work. Has been proposed a geometric model for a continuous medium, formed by a bunch of projection planes for each point of the examined object’s space. This permits to obtain a model for a volume vector in the form of a distributed decomposition into stress components at each point specified by a bunch of projection planes. The building a model for a volume vector, defined as a set of specified laws of direction and length, in the context of model

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Ford, Jennifer Lynn, Joanne Balmer Green, and Michael H. Green. "Addition of Vitamin A Intake Data during Compartmental Modeling of Retinol Kinetics in Theoretical Humans Leads to Accurate Prediction of Vitamin A Total Body Stores and Kinetic Parameters in Studies of Reasonable Duration." Journal of Nutrition 149, no. 11 (2019): 2065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz112.

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ABSTRACT Background Mathematical modeling of theoretical data has been used to validate experimental protocols and methods in several fields. Objectives We hypothesized that adding dietary vitamin A intake data as an input during compartmental modeling of retinol kinetics would lead to accurate prediction of vitamin A total body stores (TBS) at 2 specified study lengths and would reduce study duration required to accurately define the system. Methods We generated reference values for state variables (including TBS and intake) and kinetic parameters for 12 theoretical individuals (4 each of chi

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Grieve, Catherine M., James A. Poss, Peter J. Shouse, and Christy T. Carter. "Modeling Growth of Matthiola incana in Response to Saline Wastewaters Differing in Nitrogen Level." HortScience 43, no. 6 (2008): 1787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.6.1787.

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The capture and reuse of nutrient-rich greenhouse effluents may be an environmentally sound option for floriculture production, which would conserve fresh water resources and reduce off-site pollution of surface and groundwaters. This study was initiated in 24 outdoor lysimeters to determine effects of salinity and varying concentrations of nitrogen on the growth, yield, and ion relations of stock [Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br.] cultivar Cheerful White. The experiment was a 4 × 4 factorial, partially replicated design with four irrigation water salinities (2, 5, 8, and 11 dS·m−1) and four nitra

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Kong, Song-Charng, Yong Sun, and Rolf D. Rietz. "Modeling Diesel Spray Flame Liftoff, Sooting Tendency, and NOx Emissions Using Detailed Chemistry With Phenomenological Soot Model." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 1 (2005): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181596.

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A detailed chemistry-based CFD model was developed to simulate the diesel spray combustion and emission process. A reaction mechanism of n-heptane is coupled with a reduced NOx mechanism to simulate diesel fuel oxidation and NOx formation. The soot emission process is simulated by a phenomenological soot model that uses a competing formation and oxidation rate formulation. The model is applied to predict the diesel spray lift-off length and its sooting tendency under high temperature and pressure conditions with good agreement with experiments of Sandia. Various nozzle diameters and chamber co

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Ma, Yuanyuan, Bjørn Olav Hogstad, Matthias Pätzold, and Pedro M. Crespo. "Statistical Modeling, Simulation, and Experimental Verification of Wideband Indoor Mobile Radio Channels." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8271765.

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This paper focuses on the modeling, simulation, and experimental verification of wideband single-input single-output (SISO) mobile fading channels for indoor propagation environments. The indoor reference channel model is derived from a geometrical rectangle scattering model, which consists of an infinite number of scatterers. It is assumed that the scatterers are exponentially distributed over the two-dimensional (2D) horizontal plane of a rectangular room. Analytical expressions are derived for the probability density function (PDF) of the angle of arrival (AOA), the PDF of the propagation p

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Hou, Ya Li, and Wei Ping Mao. "Analysis of Static and Dynamic Stiffness for Coupled Double-Rotor Spindle System of High Speed Grinder." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.278.

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This study was focused on the theoretical modeling and numerical investigation about the dynamic and static stiffness of coupled double-rotor spindle system of high speed grinder. The moment balance and the transition matrix, the state vector, field matrix of spindle system of high speed grinder were analyzed and deduced. The theoretical models about dynamic and static stiffness were established using the transfer matrix method. The numerical results showed that increased rigidity of front bearing significantly increased static and dynamic rigidity of spindle end and the rigidity of front bear

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Aleksandrov, Samuil R., Timo T. Overboom, and Elena A. Lomonova. "2D Hybrid Steady-State Magnetic Field Model for Linear Induction Motors." Mathematical and Computational Applications 24, no. 3 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca24030074.

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This paper presents a 2D hybrid steady-state magnetic field model, capable of accurately modeling the electromagnetic behavior in a linear induction motor, including primary slotting, finite yoke length, and longitudinal end-effects by primary motion. This model integrates a complex harmonic modeling technique with a discretized magnetic equivalent circuit model. The Fourier model is applied to regions with homogeneous material properties, e.g., air regions and the track of the motor, while the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) approach is used for the regions containing non-homogeneous materi

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Choi, Hwan, Tishya Anne Leong Wren, and Katherine Muterspaugh Steele. "Gastrocnemius operating length with ankle foot orthoses in cerebral palsy." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, no. 3 (2016): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616665731.

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Background:Many individuals with cerebral palsy wear ankle foot orthoses during daily life. Orthoses influence joint motion, but how they impact muscle remains unclear. In particular, the gastrocnemius is commonly stiff in cerebral palsy. Understanding whether orthoses stretch or shorten this muscle during daily life may inform orthosis design and rehabilitation.Objectives:This study investigated the impact of different ankle foot orthoses on gastrocnemius operating length during walking in children with cerebral palsy.Study design:Case series, within subject comparison of gastrocnemius operat

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Fernandez-Gamiz, Unai, Macarena Gomez-Mármol, and Tomas Chacón-Rebollo. "Computational Modeling of Gurney Flaps and Microtabs by POD Method." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082091.

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Gurney flaps (GFs) and microtabs (MTs) are two of the most frequently used passive flow control devices on wind turbines. They are small tabs situated close to the airfoil trailing edge and normal to the surface. A study to find the most favorable dimension and position to improve the aerodynamic performance of an airfoil is presented herein. Firstly, a parametric study of a GF on a S810 airfoil and an MT on a DU91(2)250 airfoil was carried out. To that end, 2D computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed at Re = 106 based on the airfoil chord length and using RANS equations. The GF

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Razmi, A. M., R. Bakhtyar, B. Firoozabadi, and D. A. Barry. "Experiments and numerical modeling of baffle configuration effects on the performance of sedimentation tanks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, no. 2 (2013): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0176.

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The hydraulic efficiency of sedimentation basins is reduced by short-circuiting, circulation zones and bottom particle-laden jets. Baffles are used to improve the sediment tank performance. In this study, laboratory experiments were used to examine the hydrodynamics of several baffle configurations. An accompanying numerical analysis was performed based on the 2-D Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations along with the k-ε turbulence closure model. The numerical model was supplemented with the volume-of-fluid technique, and the advection–diffusion equation to simulate the dynamics of particle

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Watcharakitchakorn, Orrathai, and Rardchawadee Silapunt. "Design and Modeling of the Photonic Crystal Waveguide Structure for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8097841.

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The application of the photonic crystal (PC) waveguide (WG) as the light delivery system in the heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) system is demonstrated. The structure consists of a 90° bending PC waveguide and a ridge dielectric waveguide taper coupler. Three-dimensional (3D) models of structures are built and simulated in order to determine light coupling and transmission efficiencies. Geometric parameters including the taper length (LTP), coupler inlet width (WFW), and PC waveguide width (WWG) are investigated. The initial simulation shows that the transmission efficiency of over 90%

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