Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reduced sample size

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Reduced sample size'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Reduced sample size"

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Dal Canton, Letícia Ellen, Luciana Pagliosa Carvalho Guedes, and Miguel Angel Uribe-Opazo. "Reduction of Sample Size in the Soil Physical-Chemical Attributes Using the Multivariate Effective Sample Size." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 1 (2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i1.17473.

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Financial investment with collection and laboratory analysis of soil samples is an important factor to be considered when mapping agricultural areas with soybean planting. One of the alternatives is to use the spatial autocorrelation between the sample points to reduce the number of elements sampled, thus restricting the collection of redundant information. This work aimed to reduce the sample size of this agricultural area, composed of 102 sample points, and use it to analyze the spatial dependence of soil macro- and micro- nutrients, as well as the soil penetration resistance. The agricultur
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Hatcher, D. W. "Impact of a Reduced Wheat Meal Sample Size on the Falling Number Test." Cereal Chemistry Journal 82, no. 4 (2005): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cc-82-0450.

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Zybko, Walter C., Joanne E. Cluette-Brown, and Michael Laposata. "Improved Sensitivity and Reduced Sample Size in Serum Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Analysis." Clinical Chemistry 47, no. 6 (2001): 1120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.6.1120.

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Ribeiro-Oliveira, João Paulo, Marli A. Ranal, Denise Garcia de Santana, and Leandro Alves Pereira. "Sufficient sample size to study seed germination." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 4 (2016): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15254.

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Determining the required sample size is still a challenge in biological studies, including work on seed germination estimation. In this context, we studied a mathematical model to calculate sufficient sample size, using seeds of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. as a biological model. Coefficients of variation of the germinability (CVG) were calculated to determine the sufficient sample size (nc) to test the germination process. These CVG were subjected to the mathematical model (modified maximum curvature method – MMCM) and sufficient sample size was determined algebraically by the mathematical e
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RAJENDRAN, M., A. K. BHATTACHARYA, D. DAS, S. N. CHINTALAPUDI, and C. K. MAJUMDAR. "MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE NiFe2O4 POWDERS PREPARED BY AN AQUEOUS OXIDATIVE PRECIPITATION PROCESS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 03 (2001): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201003739.

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Nanocrystalline NiFe 2 O 4 powder has been prepared by an oxidative precipitation process at room-temperature and the crystallite size dependent magnetic properties have been studied. The NiFe 2 O 4 powders prepared at room-temperature had an average crystallite size of 6 nm and showed a reduced saturation magnetisation (M s ) of 3 emu · g -1. The crystallite size was increased by heating the samples to increasingly higher temperatures. The M s value increased from 3 to 40 emu·g -1 as the crystallite size was increased from 6 to 120 nm. The samples having crystallite sizes from 6 to 20 nm were
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Kemeny, D. M., and D. Richards. "Increased speed and sensitivity, and reduced sample size of a micro-radioallergosorbent test (MRAST)." Journal of Immunological Methods 108, no. 1-2 (1988): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(88)90408-5.

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Liang, Xin Yu, and Fa Ning Dang. "Numeric Analysis of Size Effect on Mesol Concrete Random Aggregate Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1780.

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In order to research that statics properties of concrete cylinder sample are influenced by micro-concrete material heterogeneity, by random aggregate models generated by different random number were established. By fixed aggregate size and constantly changing of the sample size, the concrete numerical model was simulated and Strength change of concrete samples was analyzed .So that strength influence of the aggregate location of the concrete random sample was study. Calculation shows that: the strength of concrete has been little effect by the aggregate random location, the size effect on conc
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Typek, Janusz, Grzegorz Zolnierkiewicz, Rafal Pelka, Karolina Kielbasa, Walerian Arabczyk, and Nikos Guskos. "Magnetic characterization of nanocrystalline iron samples with different size distributions." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 3 (2014): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-014-0223-z.

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AbstractNanocrystalline iron was obtained by fusing magnetite and promoters. The oxidized form was reduced with hydrogen and passivated (sample P0). The average nanocrystallite size in sample P0 was d(P0) =16 nm and the width of size distribution was σ(P0) = 18 nm. Samples of nanocrystalline iron with narrower diameter ranges and larger and smaller average crystallite sizes were also synthesized. They were: sample P1 (d(P1) = 28 nm, σ(P1) = 5 nm), sample P2 (d(P2) = 22 nm, σ(P1) = 5 nm), sample P3 (d(P3) = 12 nm, σ(P1) = 9 nm). These four samples were studied at room temperature by dc magnetiz
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BERNARDES, E. E., A. G. DE MAGALHÃES, W. L. VASCONCELOS, E. V. M. CARRASCO, E. H. M. NUNES, and L. B. DE LIMA. "Characterization of test specimens produced in reduced size for X-ray microtomography (µ-CT) tests." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 10, no. 5 (2017): 1025–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952017000500005.

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Abstract The need to use reduced sample sizes, in order to attain improved spatial resolution in (µ-CT) tests applied in Portland cement composites, makes researchers perform the fractionation of materials to obtain samples with dimensions compatible with the capacity of the scanning equipment, which might cause alterations in the microstructure under analysis. Therefore, a test specimen (TS) with dimensions compatible with the scanning capacity of a microtomography system that operates with an X-ray tube and voltage ranging from 20 to 100 kV was proposed. Axial compression strength tests were
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Canton, Letícia E. D., Luciana P. C. Guedes, Miguel A. Uribe-Opazo, Rosangela A. B. Assumpção, and Tamara C. Maltauro. "Sampling redesign of soil penetration resistance in spatial t-Student models." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19, no. 1 (2021): 0202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021191-16949.

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Aim of study: To reduce the sample size in an agricultural area of 167.35 hectares, cultivated with soybean, to analyze the spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance (SPR) with outliers. Area of study: Cascavel, Brazil Material and methods: The reduction of sample size was made by the univariate effective sample size ( ) methodology, assuming that the t-Student model represents the probability distribution of SPR. Main results: The radius and the intensity of spatial dependence have an inverse relationship with the estimated value of the . For the depths of SPR with spatial dependence,
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reduced sample size"

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Aguiar, Marcelo Figueiredo Massulo. "Redução no tamanho da amostra de pesquisas de entrevistas domiciliares para planejamento de transportes: uma verificação preliminar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-28032014-193530/.

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O trabalho tem por principal objetivo verificar, preliminarmente, a possibilidade de reduzir a quantidade de indivíduos na amostra de Pesquisa de Entrevistas Domiciliares, sem prejudicar a qualidade e representatividade da mesma. Analisar a influência das características espaciais e de uso de solo da área urbana constitui o objetivo intermediário. Para ambos os objetivos, a principal ferramenta utilizada foi o minerador de dados denominado Árvore de Decisão e Classificação contido no software S-Plus 6.1, que encontra as relações entre as características socioeconômicas dos indivíduos, as carac
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Books on the topic "Reduced sample size"

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McLaughlin, Don. Can state assessment data be used to reduce state NAEP sample sizes? U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, National Center for Education Statistics, 1997.

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Tang, K. Linda. A study of the use of collateral statistical information in attempting to reduce TOEFL IRT item parameter estimation sample sizes. Educational Testing Service, 2001.

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Bruno, Brunella, Giacomo Nocera, and Andrea Resti. Are Risk-Based Capital Requirements Detrimental to Corporate Lending? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815815.003.0019.

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In this chapter, we summarize the main results of a recent empirical research concerning European banks. We first explore the main drivers of the differences in risk-weighted assets (RWAs) across a sample of fifty large European banking groups. We then assess the impact of RWA-based capital regulations on those banks’ asset allocations in 2008–14. We find that risk weights are affected by bank size, business models, and asset mix. We also find that the adoption of internal ratings-based (IRB) approaches is an important driver of RWAs and that national segmentations explain a significant (albei
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Littlefield, Amy, Deirdre Orceyre, and Stephanie Cheng. Integrative Oncology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0021.

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Cancer risk increases with age, but a patient’s tolerance to conventional treatments may be reduced with aging and associated morbidities. The development and expansion of age-appropriate therapies and approaches will be crucial as the population of elderly patients with cancer grows in the upcoming years. Taking into account the unique needs of this population will be of great importance. This chapter introduces the field of integrative oncology, the practice of supporting the whole person before, during, and after conventional treatments for cancer. Current evidence recognizes the safe use o
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Noorlander, D. Heaven's Wrath. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801453632.001.0001.

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Heaven’s Wrath explores the religious thought and religious rites of the early Dutch Atlantic world. The book argues that the Reformed Church and the West India Company forged and maintained a close union, with considerable consequences. Merchants, officers, sailors, and soldiers found in their faith an ideology and justification for mercantile, martial activities. The company, on the other hand, supported the church financially in Europe and helped spread Calvinism to other continents. Calvinist employees and colonists both benefitted from the familiar, comforting aspects of religious instruc
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Armstrong, Sarah L., and Gary M. Stocks. Postoperative analgesia after caesarean delivery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0024.

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Caesarean delivery (CD) is one of the most common operations in the world and providing effective pain relief is important not only for humanitarian reasons but also to speed up recovery and reduce postoperative complications. An understanding of the anatomy and physiology of pain transmission after CD has led to a multimodal approach to analgesia. This involves combining analgesics which work by different mechanisms resulting in an additive effect whilst at the same time reducing side effects. In contemporary practice, most CDs are carried out under neuraxial anaesthesia and neuraxial techniq
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Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Melissa Pearson, and Shuba Kumar. Suicide prevention trials. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199680467.003.0014.

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The majority of suicides occur in LAMIC. This chapter presents findings from two low-cost, feasible interventions aimed at reducing suicides. The Suicide Prevention Multisite Intervention Study (SUPRE-MISS) of WHO assessed the effectiveness of brief intervention and contact (BIC) as an intervention strategy in five countries. Another trial in South India examined the effectiveness of a central pesticide storage facility as a means of reducing pesticide suicides. Some challenges that such trials face are the large sample sizes required to detect a significant change, making them uneconomical an
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Hangan, Horia, and Ahsan Kareem, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Non-Synoptic Wind Storms. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190670252.001.0001.

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This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs. Wind storms impact human lives, their built as well as natural habitat. During t
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Sanders, James W. Irish vs. Yankees. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190681579.001.0001.

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As a social historian, James W. Sanders takes a new look at a critical period in the development of Boston schools. Focusing on the burgeoning Irish Catholic population and framing the discussion around Catholic hierarchy, Sanders considers the interplay of social forces in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that led to Irish Catholics’ emerging with political control of the city and its public schools. The latter reduced the need for parochial schools; by at least the 1920s, the public and parochial schools had taken giant steps toward one another in theory and practice under the le
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Jiménez, Catalina, Julen Requejo, Miguel Foces, Masato Okumura, Marco Stampini, and Ana Castillo. Silver Economy: A Mapping of Actors and Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003237.

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Latin America and the Caribbean, unlike other regions, is still quite young demographically: people over age 60 make up around 11% of the total population. However, the region is expected to experience the fastest rate of population aging in the world over the coming decades. This projected growth of the elderly population raises challenges related to pensions, health, and long-term care. At the same time, it opens up numerous business opportunities in different sectorshousing, tourism, care, and transportation, for examplethat could generate millions of new jobs. These opportunities are terme
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Book chapters on the topic "Reduced sample size"

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More, Shammi, Simon B. Eickhoff, Julian Caspers, and Kaustubh R. Patil. "Confound Removal and Normalization in Practice: A Neuroimaging Based Sex Prediction Case Study." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Applied Data Science and Demo Track. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67670-4_1.

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AbstractMachine learning (ML) methods are increasingly being used to predict pathologies and biological traits using neuroimaging data. Here controlling for confounds is essential to get unbiased estimates of generalization performance and to identify the features driving predictions. However, a systematic evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of available alternatives is lacking. This makes it difficult to compare results across studies and to build deployment quality models. Here, we evaluated two commonly used confound removal schemes–whole data confound regression (WDCR) and cross-validated confound regression (CVCR)–to understand their effectiveness and biases induced in generalization performance estimation. Additionally, we study the interaction of the confound removal schemes with Z-score normalization, a common practice in ML modelling. We applied eight combinations of confound removal schemes and normalization (pipelines) to decode sex from resting-state functional MRI (rfMRI) data while controlling for two confounds, brain size and age. We show that both schemes effectively remove linear univariate and multivariate confounding effects resulting in reduced model performance with CVCR providing better generalization estimates, i.e., closer to out-of-sample performance than WDCR. We found no effect of normalizing before or after confound removal. In the presence of dataset and confound shift, four tested confound removal procedures yielded mixed results, raising new questions. We conclude that CVCR is a better method to control for confounding effects in neuroimaging studies. We believe that our in-depth analyses shed light on choices associated with confound removal and hope that it generates more interest in this problem instrumental to numerous applications.
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Alliagbor, Rasheedat, David Olufemi Awolala, and Igbekele Amos Ajibefun. "Smallholders Use of Weather Information as Smart Adaptation Strategy in the Savannah Area of Ondo State, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_126.

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AbstractWeather information is needed for smart decisions because uncertainties in weather phenomena are beyond capacity of smallholders for autonomous responses. The study analyzed determinants of farmers’ use of weather information as smart adaptation strategy. Arable crop farmers were sampled in the derived savannah agro-ecology area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Heckman probit model estimates show that gender and agricultural extension services were significant positive drivers of farmers’ access to weather information. Should weather information becomes an alternative adaptation strategy, access to credit was found as the major driver of farmers’ propensity to use weather information before taking climate smart agricultural decisions. Further results reveal that increasing knowledge of onset date, large farm size, and access to agricultural extension services significantly reduced farmers’ propensity to use improved weather information for smart decisions in the dry savannah area.
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Baumeister, Jan, Norine Coenen, Borzoo Bonakdarpour, Bernd Finkbeiner, and César Sánchez. "A Temporal Logic for Asynchronous Hyperproperties." In Computer Aided Verification. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_33.

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AbstractHyperproperties are properties of computational systems that require more than one trace to evaluate, e.g., many information-flow security and concurrency requirements. Where a trace property defines a set of traces, a hyperproperty defines a set of sets of traces. The temporal logics HyperLTL and HyperCTL* have been proposed to express hyperproperties. However, their semantics are synchronous in the sense that all traces proceed at the same speed and are evaluated at the same position. This precludes the use of these logics to analyze systems whose traces can proceed at different speeds and allow that different traces take stuttering steps independently. To solve this problem in this paper, we propose an asynchronous variant of HyperLTL. On the negative side, we show that the model-checking problem for this variant is undecidable. On the positive side, we identify a decidable fragment which covers a rich set of formulas with practical applications. We also propose two model-checking algorithms that reduce our problem to the HyperLTL model-checking problem in the synchronous semantics.
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Smith, Richard D., and Joanna Coast. "The Economics of Resistance Through an Ethical Lens." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_17.

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Abstract Economics is concerned with the analysis of choice and the efficient use of resources. Markets for antibiotics are heavily affected by their ‘public good’ nature and the externality that results from their consumption in terms of resistance. The non-excludability and non-rivalry associated with knowledge production in antibiotic development also has implications for the supply of antibiotics. On the demand side there are ethical issues associated with free-riding by consumers, free-riding across nations and free-riding across time. On the supply side, the lack of a pipeline for new antibiotics for the future causes both ethical and economic issues – and from both perspectives, efforts should perhaps focus more on alternatives to antibiotics and adjustments to heath care systems to reduce reliance on antibiotics. Indeed, unlike many areas of health care, where economics and ethical perspectives may differ, antimicrobial resistance is a case where the two perspectives align in terms of ensuring efficient and sustainable development and use of this precious resources. All strategies for dealing with resistance should share the same goals of achieving an optimal balance in the use of antimicrobial agents and explicit consideration of the distributional implications.
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Vasconcelos, Vasco T., Filipe Casal, Bernardo Almeida, and Andreia Mordido. "Mixed Sessions." In Programming Languages and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44914-8_26.

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AbstractSession types describe patterns of interaction on communicating channels. Traditional session types include a form of choice whereby servers offer a collection of options, of which each client picks exactly one. This sort of choice constitutes a particular case of separated choice: offering on one side, selecting on the other. We introduce mixed choices in the context of session types and argue that they increase the flexibility of program development at the same time that they reduce the number of synchronisation primitives to exactly one. We present a type system incorporating subtyping and prove preservation and absence of runtime errors for well-typed processes. We further show that classical (conventional) sessions can be faithfully and tightly embedded in mixed choices. Finally, we discuss algorithmic type checking and a runtime system built on top of a conventional (choice-less) message-passing architecture.
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Calabretta, Michele, Alessandro Sitta, Salvatore Massimo Oliveri, and Gaetano Sequenzia. "Simulation of Dynamic Stresses on High Performance Engine Valve Spring System Considering Coil Clashing Effect." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_18.

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AbstractThe valve train plays a major role in the performance of internal combustion engines by controlling the combustion process and it is therefore one of the key aspects for increasing the efficiency of combustion engines. Considering the dynamics, the spring force must be high enough to reliably close the valve preventing from seating bouncing due to surge modes after the valve closure. On the other side, the spring force should be kept as low as possible in order to reduce the engine friction losses and consequently the fuel consumption. In the high-performance engines, the valve springs have to be designed and optimized for sustaining higher stresses with compact dimensions leading to critical material and manufacturing processes. This requires a reduction of moving masses and a strong focus on design and process optimization of the coil springs for reducing the mechanical load and the friction losses at low engine speed. At the same time, valve train should be reliable at high engine speed. The calculation of stresses and contact forces for moving parts under dynamic load is essential for durability analysis. A method to calculate the contact of moving masses is described and proposed to justify valve motions experimental results. To fully understand the failure mechanism of test bed reliability trials, the dynamic stresses have been calculated modeling the real springs’ shape. The contact forces have been reproduced considering the coil clash effects and the dynamic behavior of the flexible spring.
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Sanchez-Barrios, Luis Javier, Benedicto Kulwizira Lukanima, Natalia Hernandez-Vargas, and Luis Ricardo Almanza Herazo. "Estimating the CAPM Beta for Public and Private Firms." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1086-5.ch006.

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This chapter presents solutions to some challenges when calculating CAPM Beta. Three methods for calculating traditional beta are presented and illustrated through the case of Facebook. Different choices of market index, data frequency, and sample size result in different values of beta; however, in all cases beta was greater than one. The chapter explores ordinal beta as an alternative measure to treat outliers in both developed and thin markets. Using a sample of 84 US stocks, there was no statistical difference between median traditional and ordinal betas. This was not the case for a sample of 47 Colombian stocks, which questions the usefulness of traditional beta in thin markets. In contrast with median traditional beta, median ordinal beta did not change significantly as a result of irregular data series. The contrary occurred when the observation (sampling) period was reduced; this leaves open the question of subjectivity when defining such period. Finally, the process of valuing a private company was illustrated through the case of Palmoil Ltd., a Colombian company.
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"Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Lindsey A. Bruckerhoff and Keith B. Gido. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874561.ch9.

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<i>Abstract.</i>—Linking landscape features, both natural and human-altered, to aquatic ecosystem structure and function is a fundamental objective in landscape ecology and freshwater science, but this process is data- and resource-intensive. Quantifying how landscape stressors influence aquatic communities requires balancing logistic and financial constraints with effectively sampling the landscape to capture gradients of interest. There are a variety of ways to balance these constraints, such as using existing data, handpicked site selection, or a statistical site-selection scheme. Poor sampling design reduces statistical power; however, we do not know how differences in site-selection designs influence our ability to measure ecological responses to landscape gradients. We quantified how the distribution of sample sites across landscape gradients affected the measured responses of stream fish assemblages to these gradients at different sample sizes. Specifically, we used randomization tests to compare the variability in the responses of fish assemblage structure (species richness and composition) to catchment area and land use (agricultural land) with manipulated distributions (random, highly skewed, and uniform) of sites across these landscape gradients. Assemblage composition was more sensitive than species richness to sampling design, and we observed less variability in the detected response of assemblage composition when samples were distributed uniformly across landscape gradients, especially when sample sizes were small. Although strong responses to environmental gradients, such as species richness to catchment area, are robust to sampling distributions, large sample size and a uniform distribution of samples might help elucidate more subtle responses to environmental gradients.
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Marwah, Amit Kumar, Girish Thakar, and R. C. Gupta. "A New Approach to Supply Chain Performance Measurement." In Innovative Solutions for Implementing Global Supply Chains in Emerging Markets. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9795-9.ch007.

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Existing research work has established that many of today's manufacturing organizations have failed to develop a comprehensive supply chain performance measures. In this chapter, the authors intend to empirically assess the effects of supplier buyer relations and human metrics on supply chain performance in the context of Indian manufacturing organizations. After rigorous literature review, total 18 variables have been identified which are later on reduced in number by factor analysis. As a pilot study, primary data is collected from 100 manufacturing organizations by means of a questionnaire and a scale is developed. On a sample size of 100, the proposed hypotheses are tested by applying two-tailed tests. t-test and factor analysis resulted in 5 factors, 2 related to supplier-buyer relations and 3 related to human metrics. The overall reliability of the scale comes out to be 0.697. The research work provides a new approach to the manufacturing organizations to understand the factors affecting supply chain performance. The present study is limited to Indian manufacturing organizations.
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"Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries." In Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries, edited by Allen M. Grover, Michael S. Mohr, and Melodie L. Palmer-Zwahlen. American Fisheries Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569308.ch6.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—A total of 276 chinook salmon <em> Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>, less than 660-mm total length, were drift mooch-caught using barbless circle hooks and held for four days in 8,700 L, onboard holding tanks for wound location-specific, mortality rate evaluation. Only gut-hooked fish died in the first 24 hours of holding, and only lower-jaw hooked and gut-hooked fish died within the first 48 hours of holding. Gut-hooked fish that survived the four day holding period but whose internal organs were severely damaged were considered mortalities. The four day mortality rate attributable to the effects of handling and holding alone was estimated to be 0.048, based on a surrogate control group consisting of tank-held fish having no wounds or superficial wounds. The controladjusted, four day mortality rates depended strongly on hook wound location. The distribution of wound locations in the California recreational drift mooch salmon fishery was estimated based on a sample of 522 fish, less than 660-mm total length; the relative frequency of gut-hooked fish (0.406) was twice that of any other location. The fishery overall hook-and-release mortality rate was estimated to be 0.422 (95% confidence interval of 0.342–0.502), obtained by weighting the wound location-specific, four day mortality rates by the relative frequency of those wound locations in the fishery. The distribution of wound locations was found to depend on both hook size and fish-size class, but the effects of these factors were not additive on the log-odds scale. Blood plasma cortisol concentration, a measure of stress, was significantly higher in fish held for four days than in ocean-caught (presumably stress-free) fish, but there was considerable variation among individuals and the results were not useful in evaluating the effects of wound-induced stress. The requirement that (only) barbless circle hooks be used in the California drift mooch fishery substantially reduced the hook-and-release mortality rate in this fishery; however, the rate is still high. Hook-and-release mortality might be reduced further by educating anglers on the use of drift mooch methods that lessen the probability of gut hooking. If such education is effective in changing the fishery’s wound location profile, our estimate of the hook-and-release mortality rate can be easily updated using the methods described in this paper.
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Conference papers on the topic "Reduced sample size"

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Allen, JC, J. Thumboo, WK Lye, PG Conaghan, LC Chew, and YK Tan. "SAT0666 Sample size for RA clinical trials using ultrasound outcome measures may be reduced by novel joint selection methods: a pilot study." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.1430.

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Cho, Seong-Eun, Ji-Yong Um, Yoon-Jee Kim, et al. "A reduced-size look-up-table for ADC sample-times of a single-chip non-uniform-sampling digital-beamformer for ultrasound medical imaging." In 2015 International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isocc.2015.7401673.

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Thibaux, Philippe, and Jeroen Van Wittenberghe. "Modelling of Slant Failure Using Small Size Specimen." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90397.

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The instability of a pipeline crack eventually leads to brittle or ductile crack propagation. The resistance to ductile crack propagation is assessed by the energy dissipated in the CVN test. However the Charpy specimen exhibits mainly mode I failure, with no small shear lips, while real failure is a combined mode often described as slant failure. In the present investigation, instrumented Charpy tests with nominal and reduced thickness down to 2.5 mm are carried out. Instrumented Battelle drop weight tear tests where also performed with nominal and reduced thickness, in order to vary the liga
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Ge, Zhengwei, and Chun Yang. "Towards High Concentration Enhancement of Microfluidic Temperature Gradient Focusing of Sample Solutes." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58273.

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This paper reports an improved technique to enhance microfluidic temperature gradient focusing (TGF) of sample solutes using Joule heating effects induced by a combined AC and DC electric field. By introducing the AC field component, additional Joule heating effects are obtained to generate temperature gradient for concentrating sample solutes, while the electroosmotic flow is suppressed under the high frequency AC electric field. Therefore, the required DC voltages for achieving certain sample concentration by Joule heating induced TGF technique are remarkably reduced. Moreover, the lower DC
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Yang, Junhong, Qianqian Di, Jun Zhao, and Liqiu Wang. "Fractal Dimension of Pore Size Distribution Inside Matrix of Plant Materials and Drying Behavior." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22999.

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This paper studied the relationship between matrix microstructure of plant materials and drying behavior using Astragalus and Chinese Angelica root slices as examples. Astragalus and Chinese Angelica, two kinds of traditional Chinese Medicine Herb (CMH), are species of stem and root medicinal herb with the widely curative effects. Based on the measured results by using automatic surface area-porosity analyzer (at smaller scale ≤ 100nm), the volume fractal dimensions (DV) were estimated to characterize the pore size distribution inside matrix of samples dried by different drying technologies, i
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Xu, Wei, Hong Xue, Mark Bachman, and Guann-Pynn Li. "Virtual Valve for Microfluidics." In ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2007-38070.

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Lab-on-a-Chip technology now becomes increasingly attractive due to advantages such as reduced sample size, reduced reagent consumption, shortened analysis time, potential for high throughput and automation and reduced costs, leading to the potential for manufacturing of disposable devices. On such microchip system, the ability to handling microfluid is important. Extensive microfluidic handling componets including microflow regulator, microfluidic sensor, microvalve and micropump have been reported. Although these microfluid handling methods are successful, for the polymer based microfluidic
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Wei, Zhigang, Limin Luo, Fulun Yang, and Robert Rebandt. "A Bayesian Statistics Based Design Curve Construction Method for Test Data With Extremely Small Sample Sizes." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45909.

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Fatigue design curve construction is commonly used for durability and reliability assessment of engineering components subjected to cyclic loading. A wide variety of design curve construction methods have been developed over the last decades. Some of the methods have been adopted by engineering codes and widely used in industry. However, the traditional design curve construction methods usually require significant amounts of test data in order for the constructed design curves to be consistently and reliably used in product design and validation. In order to reduce the test sample size and ass
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Nnanna, A. G. Agwu, Chenguang Sheng, Kimberly Conrad, and Greg Crowley. "Performance Assessment of Pre-Filtration Strainer of an Ultrafiltration Membrane System by Particle Size Analysis." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53447.

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One of the industrial applications of ultrafiltration membrane system is water purification and wastewater treatment. Membranes act as physical barriers by eliminating particles such as pollen, yeast, bacteria, colloids, viruses, and macromolecules from feed water. The effectiveness of the membrane to separate particles is determined by its molecular weight cut-off and feed water characteristics. Typically, pre-filtration strainers are installed upstream of an ultrafiltration membrane system to separate large particles from the flow stream. The criteria for selection of the strainer pore size
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Ge, Zhengwei, and Chun Yang. "Microfluidics Concentration of Sample Solutes Using Joule Heating Effects Under Combined AC and DC Electric Field." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30451.

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Microfluidic concentration is achieved by utilizing Joule heating effect induced temperature gradient focusing (TGF) under a combined AC and DC electric field imposed in a straight microchannel with sudden expansion in cross-section. The introduction of AC electric field component services dual functions: one is to produce Joule heating effects for generating temperature gradient, and the other is to suppress electroosmotic flow with high frequencies. Therefore, the required DC voltage for achieving sample concentration with Joule heating induced TGF technique is remarkably reduced. The lower
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Bhargav, Santosh D. B., Gaurav Singh, and G. K. Ananthasuresh. "Composite and Multi-Scale Compliant Mechanisms for Manipulation and Mechanical Characterization." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12179.

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In this paper, we integrate two or more compliant mechanisms to get enhanced functionality for manipulating and mechanically characterizing the grasped objects of varied size (cm to sub-mm), stiffness (1e5 to 10 N/m), and materials (cement to biological cells). The concepts of spring-lever (SL) model, stiffness maps, and non-dimensional kinetoelastostatic maps are used to design composite and multi-scale compliant mechanisms. Composite compliant mechanisms comprise two or more different mechanisms within a single elastic continuum while multi-scale ones possess the additional feature of substa
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Reports on the topic "Reduced sample size"

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Axelrod, M. Using Ancillary Information to Reduce Sample Size in Discovery Sampling and the Effects of Measurement Error. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877925.

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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on
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Evenson, Kelly R., Ty A. Ridenour, Jacqueline Bagwell, and Robert D. Furberg. Sustaining Physical Activity Following Cardiac Rehabilitation Discharge. RTI Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0043.2102.

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Because many patients reduce exercise following outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR), we developed an intervention to assist with the transition and evaluated its feasibility and preliminary efficacy using a one-group pretest–posttest design. Five CR patients were enrolled ~1 month prior to CR discharge and provided an activity tracker. Each week during CR they received a summary of their physical activity and steps. Following CR discharge, participants received an individualized report that included their physical activity and step history, information on specific features of the activity t
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Akinleye, Taiwo, Idil Deniz Akin, Amanda Hohner, et al. Evaluation of Electrochemical Treatment for Removal of Arsenic and Manganese from Field Soil. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-019.

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Soils containing inorganic compounds are frequently encountered by transportation agencies during construction within the right-of-way, and they pose a threat to human health and the environment. As a result, construction activities may experience project delays and increased costs associated with management of inorganic compounds containing soils required to meet environmental regulations. Recalcitrance of metal-contaminated soils toward conventional treatment technologies is exacerbated in clay or organic content-rich fine-grained soils with low permeability and high sorption capacity becaus
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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, et al. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence
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Fehey, Kristina, and Dustin Perkins. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2019 field season, Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286627.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From May 30 to June 1, 2019, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 119 patches of six priority IEP species alo
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well
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Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Juan Jose Ospina-Tejeiro, Carlos Alfonso Huertas-Campos, et al. Monetary Policy Report - April de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr2-2021.

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1.1 Macroeconomic summary Economic recovery has consistently outperformed the technical staff’s expectations following a steep decline in activity in the second quarter of 2020. At the same time, total and core inflation rates have fallen and remain at low levels, suggesting that a significant element of the reactivation of Colombia’s economy has been related to recovery in potential GDP. This would support the technical staff’s diagnosis of weak aggregate demand and ample excess capacity. The most recently available data on 2020 growth suggests a contraction in economic activity of 6.8%, lowe
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