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Journal articles on the topic 'Reduced sample size'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Dal Canton, Letícia Ellen, Luciana Pagliosa Carvalho Guedes, and Miguel Angel Uribe-Opazo. "Reduction of Sample Size in the Soil Physical-Chemical Attributes Using the Multivariate Effective Sample Size." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 1 (2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i1.17473.

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Financial investment with collection and laboratory analysis of soil samples is an important factor to be considered when mapping agricultural areas with soybean planting. One of the alternatives is to use the spatial autocorrelation between the sample points to reduce the number of elements sampled, thus restricting the collection of redundant information. This work aimed to reduce the sample size of this agricultural area, composed of 102 sample points, and use it to analyze the spatial dependence of soil macro- and micro- nutrients, as well as the soil penetration resistance. The agricultur
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2

Hatcher, D. W. "Impact of a Reduced Wheat Meal Sample Size on the Falling Number Test." Cereal Chemistry Journal 82, no. 4 (2005): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cc-82-0450.

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3

Zybko, Walter C., Joanne E. Cluette-Brown, and Michael Laposata. "Improved Sensitivity and Reduced Sample Size in Serum Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Analysis." Clinical Chemistry 47, no. 6 (2001): 1120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.6.1120.

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4

Ribeiro-Oliveira, João Paulo, Marli A. Ranal, Denise Garcia de Santana, and Leandro Alves Pereira. "Sufficient sample size to study seed germination." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 4 (2016): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15254.

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Determining the required sample size is still a challenge in biological studies, including work on seed germination estimation. In this context, we studied a mathematical model to calculate sufficient sample size, using seeds of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. as a biological model. Coefficients of variation of the germinability (CVG) were calculated to determine the sufficient sample size (nc) to test the germination process. These CVG were subjected to the mathematical model (modified maximum curvature method – MMCM) and sufficient sample size was determined algebraically by the mathematical e
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RAJENDRAN, M., A. K. BHATTACHARYA, D. DAS, S. N. CHINTALAPUDI, and C. K. MAJUMDAR. "MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE NiFe2O4 POWDERS PREPARED BY AN AQUEOUS OXIDATIVE PRECIPITATION PROCESS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 03 (2001): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201003739.

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Nanocrystalline NiFe 2 O 4 powder has been prepared by an oxidative precipitation process at room-temperature and the crystallite size dependent magnetic properties have been studied. The NiFe 2 O 4 powders prepared at room-temperature had an average crystallite size of 6 nm and showed a reduced saturation magnetisation (M s ) of 3 emu · g -1. The crystallite size was increased by heating the samples to increasingly higher temperatures. The M s value increased from 3 to 40 emu·g -1 as the crystallite size was increased from 6 to 120 nm. The samples having crystallite sizes from 6 to 20 nm were
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6

Kemeny, D. M., and D. Richards. "Increased speed and sensitivity, and reduced sample size of a micro-radioallergosorbent test (MRAST)." Journal of Immunological Methods 108, no. 1-2 (1988): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(88)90408-5.

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7

Liang, Xin Yu, and Fa Ning Dang. "Numeric Analysis of Size Effect on Mesol Concrete Random Aggregate Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1780.

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In order to research that statics properties of concrete cylinder sample are influenced by micro-concrete material heterogeneity, by random aggregate models generated by different random number were established. By fixed aggregate size and constantly changing of the sample size, the concrete numerical model was simulated and Strength change of concrete samples was analyzed .So that strength influence of the aggregate location of the concrete random sample was study. Calculation shows that: the strength of concrete has been little effect by the aggregate random location, the size effect on conc
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Typek, Janusz, Grzegorz Zolnierkiewicz, Rafal Pelka, Karolina Kielbasa, Walerian Arabczyk, and Nikos Guskos. "Magnetic characterization of nanocrystalline iron samples with different size distributions." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 3 (2014): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-014-0223-z.

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AbstractNanocrystalline iron was obtained by fusing magnetite and promoters. The oxidized form was reduced with hydrogen and passivated (sample P0). The average nanocrystallite size in sample P0 was d(P0) =16 nm and the width of size distribution was σ(P0) = 18 nm. Samples of nanocrystalline iron with narrower diameter ranges and larger and smaller average crystallite sizes were also synthesized. They were: sample P1 (d(P1) = 28 nm, σ(P1) = 5 nm), sample P2 (d(P2) = 22 nm, σ(P1) = 5 nm), sample P3 (d(P3) = 12 nm, σ(P1) = 9 nm). These four samples were studied at room temperature by dc magnetiz
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9

BERNARDES, E. E., A. G. DE MAGALHÃES, W. L. VASCONCELOS, E. V. M. CARRASCO, E. H. M. NUNES, and L. B. DE LIMA. "Characterization of test specimens produced in reduced size for X-ray microtomography (µ-CT) tests." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 10, no. 5 (2017): 1025–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952017000500005.

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Abstract The need to use reduced sample sizes, in order to attain improved spatial resolution in (µ-CT) tests applied in Portland cement composites, makes researchers perform the fractionation of materials to obtain samples with dimensions compatible with the capacity of the scanning equipment, which might cause alterations in the microstructure under analysis. Therefore, a test specimen (TS) with dimensions compatible with the scanning capacity of a microtomography system that operates with an X-ray tube and voltage ranging from 20 to 100 kV was proposed. Axial compression strength tests were
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10

Canton, Letícia E. D., Luciana P. C. Guedes, Miguel A. Uribe-Opazo, Rosangela A. B. Assumpção, and Tamara C. Maltauro. "Sampling redesign of soil penetration resistance in spatial t-Student models." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19, no. 1 (2021): 0202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021191-16949.

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Aim of study: To reduce the sample size in an agricultural area of 167.35 hectares, cultivated with soybean, to analyze the spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance (SPR) with outliers. Area of study: Cascavel, Brazil Material and methods: The reduction of sample size was made by the univariate effective sample size ( ) methodology, assuming that the t-Student model represents the probability distribution of SPR. Main results: The radius and the intensity of spatial dependence have an inverse relationship with the estimated value of the . For the depths of SPR with spatial dependence,
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11

Jacobson, S. C., Attila Felinger, and Georges Guiochon. "Optimizing the sample size and the reduced velocity to achieve maximum production rates of enantiomers." Biotechnology Progress 8, no. 6 (1992): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp00018a010.

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12

Tulchin, Kirsten, Scott Campbell, Richard Browne, and Michael Orendurff. "Effect of sample size and reduced number of principle components on the Gillette Gait Index." Gait & Posture 29, no. 4 (2009): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.01.004.

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13

Tang, B., and A. H. W. Ngan. "Accurate measurement of tip–sample contact size during nanoindentation of viscoelastic materials." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 5 (2003): 1141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0156.

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Polypropylene (PP) and amorphous selenium (a-Se) were used as prototype materials at room temperature to explore the problems that may exist in the accurate measurement of the reduced modulus of viscoelastic materials using depth-sensing nanoindentation. As has been reported previously by others, we observed that a “nose” in the load-displacement curve may occur during unloading, indicating significant creep effects at the onset of unloading. To accurately measure the elastic modulus in viscoelastic materials like PP or a-Se, both the contact stiffness and the contact area at the onset of unlo
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14

Maldonado, Félix Alonso Astete, and José Branco de Miranda Filho. "Inbreeding depression in maize populations of reduced size." Scientia Agricola 59, no. 2 (2002): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162002000200020.

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Inbreeding is a well known phenomenon in living beings and its immediate consequence is the decrease in the expression of quantitative traits, known as inbreeding depression. Selfing is the most common system of inbreeding in plant species; however, little has been studied with other less severe inbreeding systems, such that resulting from small population sizes. The present work consisted of the study of the inbreeding effect on quantitative traits as a consequence of reduced population size under panmixy. Three maize (Zea mays L.) populations were used in this study: P1 -- ITA, population de
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15

Fries, James F., Eswar Krishnan, Matthias Rose, Bharathi Lingala, and Bonnie Bruce. "Improved responsiveness and reduced sample size requirements of PROMIS physical function scales with item response theory." Arthritis Research & Therapy 13, no. 5 (2011): R147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar3461.

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16

Mowinckel, Petter, Kåre B. Hagen, Turid Heiberg, and Tore K. Kvien. "Repeated measures in rheumatoid arthritis reduced the required sample size in a two-armed clinical trial." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 61, no. 9 (2008): 940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.12.004.

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17

HIDAKA, SHOHEI. "Estimating the latent number of types in growing corpora with reduced cost–accuracy trade-off." Journal of Child Language 43, no. 1 (2015): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000915000094.

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ABSTRACTThe number of unique words in children's speech is one of most basic statistics indicating their language development. We may, however, face difficulties when trying to accurately evaluate the number of unique words in a child's growing corpus over time with a limited sample size. This study proposes a novel technique to estimate the latent number of words from a series of words uttered by children. This technique utilizes statistical properties of the number of types as a function of the number of sampled tokens. We tested the practical effectiveness of the proposed method in the empi
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18

Ivanov, E. A., and A. N. Yakunin. "Pulse DC/DC Voltage Converter with Reduced Weight and Size Parameters." Proceedings of Universities. Electronics 25, no. 5 (2020): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/1561-5405-2020-25-5-423-431.

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In development of energy converter for feeding the phase rotators and modulators in the system of active phased antenna lattice special requirements to sizes with the specified nominal and peak power of the converter have been presented. In the paper, the concept of manufacturing DC/DC energy converter with reduced weight and size parameters has been presented. It has been proposed to use the switching boards based on aluminitride ceramic with a thermal conductivity of 180–200 W / (m·K). To further reduce the energy losses due to overheating of the components, a digital control system for swit
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19

Hulson, Peter-John F., Dana H. Hanselman, and Terrance J. Quinn. "Effects of process and observation errors on effective sample size of fishery and survey age and length composition using variance ratio and likelihood methods." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 7 (2011): 1548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr102.

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Abstract Hulson, P-J. F., Hanselman, D. H., and Quinn, T. J. II. 2011. Effects of process and observation errors on effective sample size of fishery and survey age and length composition using variance ratio and likelihood methods. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1548–1557. Observations of age or length composition from fisheries or research surveys are modelled frequently with the multinomial distribution. Violations of multinomial assumptions in data collection usually cause overdispersion of observations and consequent underestimation of uncertainty. This has led to the adoption of an
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20

Jin, Yihan, Xi Luo, Jinglin Zhang, Dongliang Zhao, and Kewei Gao. "Synthesis and Enhanced Electro-Magnetic Wave Absorbing Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Fe3O4-Polyaniline Ternary Nano-Composites." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 3 (2021): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.3931.

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Micro-emulsion method is adopted to synthesis rGO-Fe3O4-PANI (reduced graphene oxide-Fe3O4-polyaniline) ternary nano-composites. With the different contents of aniline (0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g) added in production, the corresponding final products are named as sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, respectively. The results of TEM indicate that the mean size of Fe3O4 nano-particles is 14 nm and they are anchored onto rGO slice. There are some PANI polymer wrinkles distributed on the rGO surface uniformly. The electro-magnetic data demonstrate that sample 1 possess a great enhancement of the electro-magneti
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21

Mahaini, Luai. "The Relationship between Palatal Displacement of Upper Canines and Incisors Widths in a Syrian Sample of Patients with Uncrowded Arches." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 11 (2015): 873–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1774.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study investigates mesiodistal crown size of the maxillary and mandibular incisors of patients with palatally impacted canines (PDC). Pretreatment dental casts of orthodontic patients with PDC of one or both maxillary canines (N: 33) were collected. This PDC sample was matched according to age and sex with pretreatment dental casts from unaffected orthodontic patients. For the PDC and matched control samples, maximum mesiodistal crown diameters were recorded for the four incisors on the right side only. The results showed that, on average, the mesiodistal crown diamete
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22

Zhang, Yan Jie, Xiao Chen Wang, Quan Yang, Ren Jie Xue, and An Min Yin. "Nondestructive Evaluation Method of Average Grain Size in TWIP Steel by Laser Ultrasonic." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.324.

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TWIP steel has the characteristics of high elongation and high tensile strength at room temperature, and therefore it is widely used in the automobile manufacturing industry. Since the grain size has a very important influence on its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance it is significant to study the average grain size of TWIP steel. In this experiment, the specimens were heated to 700~1000°C and preserved for one hour, and the recrystallized structures with different average grain sizes were obtained. All the samples were tested by laser ultrasonic experimental platform and the stan
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23

Cho, Hyo-haeng, Sangyeob Lim, Hyung-Ha Jin, Junhyun Kwon, Soon-Jik Hong, and Chansun Shin. "Microstructures and high-temperature tensile properties of mechanically alloyed and spark plasma-sintered 304SS-CNT composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 20 (2018): 2755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317753887.

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We fabricated and investigated a 304 stainless steel and carbon nanotube (304SS-CNT) composite with an aim to study its microstructures and high-temperature tensile properties. 304SS powders were mixed with carbon nanotubes using ball milling and consolidated using the spark plasma sintering technique. Tensile specimens made from the consolidated samples of 304SS-CNT were tested in a temperature range from 299 K (26℃) to 773 K (500℃). An induction coil was used for high-temperature tensile tests. The yield strength and the work hardening of the 304SS-CNT sample were found to be higher than tho
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24

Culpepper, Steven Andrew, and Aaron Hudson. "An Improved Strategy for Bayesian Estimation of the Reduced Reparameterized Unified Model." Applied Psychological Measurement 42, no. 2 (2017): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621617707511.

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A Bayesian formulation for a popular conjunctive cognitive diagnosis model, the reduced reparameterized unified model (rRUM), is developed. The new Bayesian formulation of the rRUM employs a latent response data augmentation strategy that yields tractable full conditional distributions. A Gibbs sampling algorithm is described to approximate the posterior distribution of the rRUM parameters. A Monte Carlo study supports accurate parameter recovery and provides evidence that the Gibbs sampler tended to converge in fewer iterations and had a larger effective sample size than a commonly employed M
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Ortega, S. N., A. J. Santos-Neto, and F. M. Lancas. "Development and optimization of a fast method for the determination of statins in human plasma using microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) followed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)." Analytical Methods 9, no. 20 (2017): 3039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay00185a.

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26

Herzer, Nicole, Rebecca Eckardt, Stephanie Hoeppener, and Ulrich S. Schubert. "Sample Target Substrates with Reduced Spot Size for MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Based on Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers." Advanced Functional Materials 19, no. 17 (2009): 2777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801896.

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27

Grand'Maison, Marilyn, Ming-Kai Ho, François Hébert, Simone Zehntner, Alex Zijdenbos, and Barry Bedell. "P4-408: Reduced sample size for preclinical amyloid-lowering therapeutic studies using optimal sampling of quantitative IHC data." Alzheimer's & Dementia 9 (July 2013): P885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.08.241.

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28

Zhai, Zhe, Lajun Feng, Shasha Zhou, Guangzhao Li, Hong Lou, and Zheng Liu. "Influence of micron size aluminum particles on the aging properties and wear resistance of epoxy resin coatings." Journal of Polymer Engineering 37, no. 4 (2017): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2016-0032.

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Abstract In this work, an unoxidized aluminum particle/epoxy composite coating was used to cover the surface of pure epoxy resin to reduce the loss of strength after water-heat aging and to improve the wear resistance. The samples were maintained in a water bath at 80°C for 100 days to accelerate the aging process. After water-heat aging, the tensile and bending strengths of the pure epoxy samples were reduced from 30 MPa and 60 MPa, respectively, to 26 MPa and 55 MPa, respectively. However, the tensile and bending strengths of the sample with 6 wt.% aluminum particles were reduced from 39 MPa
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Che Abdullah, Salmie Suhana, Nur Nadia Mohd Nasri, Nur Hidayah Ahmad Zaidi, Siti Hawa Mohamed Salleh, and Imaduddin Helmi Wan Nordin. "Effect of H2/N2 Mixtures on Reduction of Nickel Oxide." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.280.

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This paper describes the reduction of nickel oxide under different gas mixture. The influence of gas mixture on phase, density, morphology and pore size of reduced nickel oxide were studied. Nickel oxide pellets sintered at 1400 °C were reduced under various hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixtures, namely 40% H2-60% N2, 60% H2-40% N2, 80% H2-20% N2. Phase identification, density measurement and observation of morphology were conducted on samples before and after reduction process. Under all gas mixtures, nickel oxide was completely reduced to nickel. Density of the samples decreased in the range of 21%
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Hezzell, Melanie J., Jonathan Ferrari, Jason Arndt, and Margaret Sleeper. "Sample Size Determination for Evaluation of Time Domain Heart Rate Variability Indices in Canine Lameness." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 54, no. 5 (2018): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6533.

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ABSTRACT Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiologic phenomenon that occurs due to changing autonomic tone resulting in variable RR intervals. A reduction in HRV is used as an index of pain in neonatal human patients. Objective measures of pain would be valuable in the evaluation of canine patients and assessment of response to pain management strategies. We hypothesized that dogs with diseases associated with discomfort (osteoarthritis and bone neoplasia) would have reduced HRV compared with normal, healthy dogs. The aim of the study was to calculate the sample size necessary to investigate
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31

Yang, Gui, Qi Yin Gao, De Qing Gao, and Yan Chen Liu. "Numerical Simulation Study on Size Effect of Dynamic Properties of Coarse Materials." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2749.

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Though the test level has improved highly, the original grading curve of coarse materials should be reduced in some scale in dynamic triaxial test. This method must affect the difference between the test results and the real results, which is called scale effect. In this paper, the scale effect was studied by using particle flow code (PFC) based on dynamic triaxial tests. The relationship between microscopic shear modulus and the maximum particle diameter can be simulated by hyperbolic function. The results show that the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio are increased with the sample siz
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Panciu, Elena, and Denisa Elena Anca. "The Influence of Pouring Temperature and the Filling Level of the Cup Samples on the Cooling Curves Parameters at Cast Iron Solidification." Advanced Materials Research 1128 (October 2015): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1128.26.

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The main purpose of this study is to determine by experimental research the influence both of pouring temperature and cup samples size and their filling level on the cooling curves parameters at cast iron solidification. For the experiment it follows to determine the less sensitive parameters to pouring conditions both for reduced and normal cup samples. By using two cups with different cooling modulus it was established some correlation between some variable factors such as cooling modulus, sample filling level and casting temperature and the cooling curves parameters. The experimental result
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Li, Jun, Philippe Vignal, Shuyu Sun, and Victor M. Calo. "On Stochastic Error and Computational Efficiency of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method." Communications in Computational Physics 16, no. 2 (2014): 467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.110613.280214a.

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AbstractIn Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations, thermal equilibria quantities are estimated by ensemble average over a sample set containing a large number of correlated samples. These samples are selected in accordance with the probability distribution function, known from the partition function of equilibrium state. As the stochastic error of the simulation results is significant, it is desirable to understand the variance of the estimation by ensemble average, which depends on the sample size (i.e., the total number of samples in the set) and the sampling interval (i.e., cycle numbe
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Elomaa, T., and M. Kaariainen. "An Analysis of Reduced Error Pruning." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 15 (September 1, 2001): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.816.

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Top-down induction of decision trees has been observed to suffer from the inadequate functioning of the pruning phase. In particular, it is known that the size of the resulting tree grows linearly with the sample size, even though the accuracy of the tree does not improve. Reduced Error Pruning is an algorithm that has been used as a representative technique in attempts to explain the problems of decision tree learning. In this paper we present analyses of Reduced Error Pruning in three different settings. First we study the basic algorithmic properties of the method, properties that hold inde
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35

Waples, Robin S. "Temporal Changes of Allele Frequency in Pacific Salmon: Implications for Mixed-Stock Fishery Analysis." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 5 (1990): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-111.

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The effects of temporal variation in allele frequency on mixed-stock fishery analysis of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are examined. The concept of effective sample size (Se), which equates the precision obtained from a sample from a finite population with that from one with no temporal variability, is used to evaluate the magnitude of the problems introduced by genetic drift. Results from simulations modeling the overlapping year-class pattern typical of chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) indicate that the ratio of effective to actual sample size (Se/S) is determined primarily by the ratio
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Vargas, Eugenia A., Thomas B. Whitaker, Eliene A. Santos, Andrew B. Slate, Francisco B. Lima, and Regina C. A. Franca. "Testing Green Coffee for Ochratoxin A, Part III: Performance of Ochratoxin A Sampling Plan." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 4 (2006): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.4.1021.

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Abstract Green coffee shipments are often inspected for ochratoxin A (OTA) and classified into good or bad categories depending on whether the OTA estimates are above or below a defined regulatory limit. Because of the uncertainty associated with the sampling, sample preparation, and analytical steps of an OTA test procedure, some shipments of green coffee will be misclassified. The misclassification of lots leads to some good lots being rejected (sellers' risk) and some bad lots being accepted (buyers' risk) by an OTA sampling plan. Reducing the uncertainty of an OTA test procedure and using
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37

Xie, Shuilian, and Ulisses M. Braga-Neto. "On the Bias of Precision Estimation Under Separate Sampling." Cancer Informatics 18 (January 2019): 117693511986082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1176935119860822.

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Observational case-control studies for biomarker discovery in cancer studies often collect data that are sampled separately from the case and control populations. We present an analysis of the bias in the estimation of the precision of classifiers designed on separately sampled data. The analysis consists of both theoretical and numerical results, which show that classifier precision estimates can display strong bias under separating sampling, with the bias magnitude depending on the difference between the true case prevalence in the population and the sample prevalence in the data. We show th
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38

Bégin, Jean, and Frédéric Raulier. "Comparaison de différentes approches, modèles et tailles d'échantillons pour l'établissement de relations hauteur-diamètre locales." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 8 (1995): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-143.

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This study compares the predictability of 3 approaches, 4 models, and 10 different sample sizes to determine local relationships between total height and diameter at breast height in balsam fir stands less than 50 years old. The results show that a system of height–diameter curves based on the mean diameter and mean height of the sampled trees (approach 3) gives the most precise estimations in comparison with curves resulting from pooling all sampled trees in a single height–diameter model (approach 1) and with those resulting from the application of a height–diameter model for each of the com
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Ramesh, S., and H. Shivananda Nayaka. "Effect of Multiaxial Cryoforging on Wear Properties of Cu-1.5%Ti Alloy." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.392.

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Copper-Titanium alloy was subjected to multi axial forging (MAF) at cryogenic temperature. Microstructure evolution was observed using optical microscope (OM). After 9 pass of MAF, grain size reduced to 2 µm. As number of MAF pass increases, hardness of the sample increased, due to strain hardening effect. Dry sliding wear test was performed on as-received and MAF processed samples using pin on disc wear machine. Tests were performed at 30 N and 40 N loads at 3 m/s constant speed and at 1000 m and 2000 m, sliding distance. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and EDS was used to analyze the worn
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Carter, M. R. "Spatial variability of soil porosity under reduced tillage in a Humo-Ferric Podzol." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 1 (1995): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-019.

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The spatial and random variability of soil bulk density, water-filled pore space and macroporosity, which are important indices of soil physical quality in a humid soil moisture regime, were studied in soil samples taken from direct-drilled rotations at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Classical statistics indicated variation was low for bulk density (CV = 3.0–5.8%) and water-filled pore space (CV = 7.4–10.3%), and medium (CV = 15.7–29.6%) for macropore volume. Spatial variation determined using variograms indicated some degree of spatial structure. The ability of variograms to divide samp
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Nayak, Nayak, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, and Snehasis Jana. "Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment: Impact on Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Silver Sulfadiazine." Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Science And Technology 2, no. 1 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2328-0182.japst-18-2517.

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Silver sulfadiazine is a topical medicine that belongs to sulfa antibiotics class of drugs and used in treating wound infections in burn patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment (the Trivedi Effect®) on the various properties of silver sulfadiazine with the help of modern analytical techniques. The sample was divided into two parts; the first part was not given any treatment and considered as a control sample, while the second part was provided the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by the Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak remo
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Berzina, Astrida, Velta Tupureina, Raimonds Orlovs, Dmitrijs Saharovs, Juris Bitenieks, and Maris Knite. "Increase of Electrical Conductivity due to Chemical Reduction of Pre-Exfoliated Graphene Oxide by Sodium Borohydride." Advanced Materials Research 1117 (July 2015): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1117.187.

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Graphene oxide (GO) reduction is a promising way for graphene large scale synthesis. Pre-exfoliated graphite was oxidized and reduced. The material was compared to commercial graphene oxide and its reduced sample. The reduction process of graphene oxide is accomplished using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) with variable-valence metal ion – cobalt – assistance. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The particle size and suspension stability were determined. Electrical conductivity measurements of GO and RGO samples have been done in temperature range from-150°C to
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Aukland, S. M., R. Westerhausen, K. J. Plessen, et al. "Selectively Reduced Posterior Corpus Callosum Size in a Population-Based Sample of Young Adults Born with Low Birth Weight." American Journal of Neuroradiology 32, no. 5 (2011): 970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a2594.

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Stevens, Alan, and Houchang Khatamian. "COMPARISON OF MARKETING SURVEY RESPONSES BETWEEN GARDEN SHOW AND GARDEN CENTER SAMPLES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 659c—659. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.659c.

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Correctly anticipating consumer preferences for goods and services can have a large impact on profitability. Surveying patrons at individual retail outlets does insure the sampling is taken from a customer base, but such surveys are time and labor intensive. A survey sample, taken from attendees at Flower, Lawn and Garden Shows, offers the possibility of large sample sizes, of potential purchasers of horticultural goods and services, with reduced time and labor requirements. A survey to measure the influence of plant size, packaging and price on consumer purchasing habits was conducted at gard
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Kaszuba, Michael, Jason Corbett, Fraser Mcneil Watson, and Andrew Jones. "High-concentration zeta potential measurements using light-scattering techniques." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1927 (2010): 4439–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0175.

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Zeta potential is the key parameter that controls electrostatic interactions in particle dispersions. Laser Doppler electrophoresis is an accepted method for the measurement of particle electrophoretic mobility and hence zeta potential of dispersions of colloidal size materials. Traditionally, samples measured by this technique have to be optically transparent. Therefore, depending upon the size and optical properties of the particles, many samples will be too concentrated and will require dilution. The ability to measure samples at or close to their neat concentration would be desirable as it
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Zheng, Haixia, Maurizio Bergamino, Bart N. Ford, et al. "Replicable association between human cytomegalovirus infection and reduced white matter fractional anisotropy in major depressive disorder." Neuropsychopharmacology 46, no. 5 (2021): 928–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-00971-1.

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AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with reductions in white matter microstructural integrity as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA), an index derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The neurotropic herpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), is a major cause of white matter pathology in immunosuppressed populations but its relationship with FA has never been tested in MDD despite the presence of inflammation and weakened antiviral immunity in a subset of depressed patients. We tested the relationship between FA and HCMV infection in two independent samples consisting
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Jeong, Hayeong, Dong Hyeon Park, Han Geuk Seo, Mi-Jung Choi, and Youngjae Cho. "Effect of Roasting Time and Cryogenic Milling on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Dried Ginseng Powder." Foods 9, no. 2 (2020): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020223.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reduced particle size of ginseng by roasting and cryogenic milling on increasing its water solubility and physiological activity. The samples were roasted for different times (9–21 min) and generated in different sizes (10–50, and >50 μm). All roasted samples revealed significantly smaller particle sizes than did non-roasted samples, based on Sauter mean diameter (D [3,2], p < 0.05). Furthermore, the particle sizes of roasted samples decreased until roasting up to 15 min. In terms of the water solubility index (WSI), antioxidant activity, total
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Ataie, Abolghasem, and R. Nikkhah-Moshaie. "Structural Evolution in the Processing of Fe/ BaFe12O19 Nano Composite via Mechanical Alloying." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.569.

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Barium hexaferrite particles derived from sol-gel combustion method with a mean particle size of 160 nm and Fe particles with a mean particle size of 150 µm were mechanically alloyed using planetary ball mill. Phase constitution and EDS analysis of the products were investigated by XRD and SEM, respectively. Magnetic properties of samples were measured by VSM. Influence of the milling time and Fe content on the phase constitution of synthesized composites has been investigated. XRD results indicated that in sample with 90 and 50wt% Fe, the magnetic composite with enhanced magnetic properties,
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Whitaker, Thomas B., Larry Freese, Francis G. Giesbrecht, and Andrew B. Slate. "Sampling Grain Shipments To Detect Genetically Modified Seed." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 6 (2001): 1941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.6.1941.

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Abstract Using the binomial distribution, the effect of sample size on the variability among sample test results when sampling a lot with 1.0% genetically modified (GM) or biotech seed was evaluated. The coefficient of variation, cv, among 500-seed sample test results taken from a lot with truly 1.0% was computed to be 44.5%. Increasing sample size to 1000 seeds reduced the cv among sample test results to 31.5%. The effects of sample size and accept/reject limits on the buyer's risk (bad lots accepted) and the seller's risk (good lots rejected) was also evaluated assuming a tolerance of 1.0% G
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Guérin, D. M. A., A. G. Alvarez, L. E. Rebollo Neira, A. Plastino, and R. D. Bonetto. "Statistical inference and crystallite size distributions." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 42, no. 1 (1986): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767386099944.

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An information theory approach is devised in order to obtain crystallite size distributions from X-ray line broadening. The method is shown to be superior to those based on Fourier expansions, as illustrated by numerical examples and a realistic situation. The powder model of Warren and Averbach is considered, in which the sample is thought of as a 'column-like' structure of unit cells perpendicular to the diffraction plane. Errors in excess of 100% arise as a result of truncating the diffraction peak. It is shown that, with the present approach, the corresponding figure is reduced to 5%, whic
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