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Journal articles on the topic 'Reduced water activity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Dutta, Tapan K., and Timir B. Samanta. "Novel catalytic activity of immobilized spores under reduced water activity." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 7, no. 5 (1997): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00072-3.

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2

Blaszyk, M., G. Blank, R. Holley, and J. Chong. "Reduced water activity during sporogenesis in selected penicillia." Food Research International 31, no. 6-7 (1998): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-9969(99)00019-8.

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3

Kets, Edwin P. W., Jan A. M. Bont, and Hermann J. Heipieper. "Physiological response ofPseudomonas putidaS12 subjected to reduced water activity." FEMS Microbiology Letters 139, no. 2-3 (1996): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08192.x.

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4

Ader, J. L., T. Tran-Van, and F. Praddaude. "Reduced urinary kallikrein activity in rats developing spontaneous hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 252, no. 6 (1987): F964—F969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.6.f964.

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Urinary kallikrein activity, intake, and excretion of sodium and water were measured in metabolic balance studies on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Okamoto-Aoki strain and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) on a normal sodium diet from 4 through 15 wk of age. Urinary excretion of active and total kallikrein was significantly lower in SHR at all ages examined and represented a stable percentage of the values in age-matched WKY throughout development, on the average 69.5 and 67.4%, respectively. SHR exhibited a lower urinary excretion of sodium and water than WKY, a higher cumula

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5

Liu, Shuxiang, Juming Tang, Ravi Kiran Tadapaneni, Ren Yang, and Mei-Jun Zhu. "Exponentially Increased Thermal Resistance ofSalmonellaspp. andEnterococcus faeciumat Reduced Water Activity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84, no. 8 (2018): e02742-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02742-17.

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ABSTRACTSalmonellaspp. exhibit prolonged survivability and high tolerance to heat in low-moisture foods. The reported thermal resistance parameters ofSalmonellaspp. in low-moisture foods appear to be unpredictable due to various unknown factors. We report here that temperature-dependent water activity (aw, treatment temperature) plays an important role in the sharply increased thermal resistance ofSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis PT 30 and its potential surrogateEnterococcus faeciumNRRL B-2354. In our study, silicon dioxide granules, as carriers, were separately inoculated with these two

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6

LOZANO, PEDRO, DIDIER COMBES, and JOSÉ LUIS IBORRA. "Food Protein Nutrient Improvement by Protease at Reduced Water Activity." Journal of Food Science 59, no. 4 (1994): 876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb08148.x.

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7

Campos, Carmen A., Stella M. Alzamora, and Lía N. Gerschenson. "Sorbic acid stability in meat products of reduced water activity." Meat Science 41, no. 1 (1995): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1740(94)00056-d.

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8

SHEN, Fengman, Reijiro TAKAHASHI, and Jun-ichiro YAGI. "Catalytic Activity of Reduced Iron Pellets for Water Gas Shift Reaction." Tetsu-to-Hagane 76, no. 4 (1990): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.76.4_523.

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9

Pogorelov, A. G., V. N. Pogorelova, and M. A. Pogorelova. "Electrochemically Reduced Water: Modification of the Incubation Medium and Oxidative Activity." Biophysics 63, no. 1 (2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006350918010153.

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10

KETS, E., J. DEBONT, and H. HEIPIEPER. "Physiological response of Pseudomonas putida S12 subjected to reduced water activity." FEMS Microbiology Letters 139, no. 2-3 (1996): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1097(96)00131-0.

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11

Ali, Safaa H., Saad S. Mohammed, Mohsin E. Al-Dokheily, and Laith Algharagholy. "Photocatalytic Activity of Defective TiO2-x for Water Treatment/Methyl Orange Dye Degradation." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 4 (2022): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.04.639.

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This study is designed to highlight photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles in methyl orange (MO) dye degradation. Titanium dioxide TiO2 nanopowder was synthesized by conventional sol-gel method and calcined in air atmosphere at different temperatures 350C, 550C and 850C. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles then were subjected to a solid state reaction with calcium hydride (CaH2) at the same temperatures but calcined in argon atmosphere. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements used for phase and crystalline size identification showed that the obtained samples have the same TiO2 anatase phase

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12

Illouz-Eliaz, Natanella, Idan Nissan, Ido Nir, Uria Ramon, Hagai Shohat, and David Weiss. "Mutations in the tomato gibberellin receptors suppress xylem proliferation and reduce water loss under water-deficit conditions." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 12 (2020): 3603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa137.

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Abstract Low gibberellin (GA) activity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) inhibits leaf expansion and reduces stomatal conductance. This leads to lower transpiration and improved water status under transient drought conditions. Tomato has three GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) GA receptors with overlapping activities and high redundancy. We tested whether mutation in a single GID1 reduces transpiration without affecting growth and productivity. CRISPR-Cas9 gid1 mutants were able to maintain higher leaf water content under water-deficit conditions. Moreover, while gid1a exhibited normal grow

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13

Nout, M. J. R. "Accelerated natural lactic fermentation of cereal-based formulas at reduced water activity." International Journal of Food Microbiology 16, no. 4 (1992): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(92)90033-y.

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14

Ballesteros, Sonia A., Jorge Chirife, and Juan P. Bozzini. "Specific solute effects on Staphylococcus aureus cells subjected to reduced water activity." International Journal of Food Microbiology 20, no. 2 (1993): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(93)90094-w.

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15

Mackey, Robin L., and Robert M. R. Barclay. "The infl1uence of physical clutter and noise on the activity of bats over water." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 5 (1989): 1167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-168.

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To determine why some bats concentrate their activity over calm water rather than turbulent water, we studied the effects of surface clutter and running-water noise on the foraging activity of Myotis lucifugus (little brown bats), which commonly fly within 0.5 m of the water surface, and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bats), which forage at greater heights, in southwestern Alberta, Canada. In paired experiments over calm water, artificial clutter reduced the activity of M. lucifugus, but not that of E. fuscus, compared with natural conditions. Playbacks of the sound of turbulent water reduced the

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16

liu, Qiang, Dongyan Ding, Congqin Ning, and Xuewu Wang. "Reduced N/Ni-doped TiO2 nanotubes photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting." RSC Advances 5, no. 116 (2015): 95478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra21805e.

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17

Assiki, Tcharé, Aboudoulatif Diallo, Essotolom Badjabaïssi, et al. "Antidiarrheal Activity of Dialium guineense Willd Fruit Pulp in Wistar Rats." BioMed Research International 2022 (October 22, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4161714.

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Objective. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of Dialium guineense Willd fruit pulp powder on diarrhea induced by castor oil in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods. Three different tests were carried out. A preventive test by administration of a single dose of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg before the induction of diarrhea by castor oil. Another preventive test after repeated administration of Dialium guineense at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 8 days, before the induction of diarrhea, was done. The third test was a curative test with a single dose of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000

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18

Artrith, Nongnuch, Wutthigrai Sailuam, Sukit Limpijumnong, and Alexie M. Kolpak. "Reduced overpotentials for electrocatalytic water splitting over Fe- and Ni-modified BaTiO3." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 42 (2016): 29561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp06031e.

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Transition-metal doping can significantly improve the catalytic activity of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> for water oxidation. Modification of earth-abundant perovskites can be a promising avenue towards inexpensive catalysts for water electrolysis.

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19

Buck, J. W., M. W. van Iersel, R. D. Oetting, and Y. C. Hung. "In Vitro Fungicidal Activity of Acidic Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water." Plant Disease 86, no. 3 (2002): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.278.

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Acidic electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water, generated by electrolysis of a dilute salt solution, recently gained attention in the food industry as a nonthermal method for microbial inactivation. Our objective was to determine if EO water has potential to control foliar diseases in greenhouses. Test fungi suspended in distilled water were combined with EO water (1:9 water:EO water) for various time periods, the EO water was neutralized, and germination was assessed after 24 h. Germination of all 22 fungal species tested was significantly reduced or prevented by EO water. All relatively thin-walle

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20

Huang, Yang, Mariam Begum, Belinda Chapman, and Ailsa D. Hocking. "Effect of reduced water activity and reduced matric potential on the germination of xerophilic and non-xerophilic fungi." International Journal of Food Microbiology 140, no. 1 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.02.026.

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21

Vaamonde, Graciela, and Jorge Chirife. "Effect of phosphate buffer on Staphylococcus aureas growth at a reduced water activity." International Journal of Food Microbiology 3, no. 1 (1986): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(86)90040-1.

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22

Liu, Weiping, Xizhu Chen, Qingsong Ye, et al. "A Novel Water-Soluble Heptaplatin Analogue with Improved Antitumor Activity and Reduced Toxicity." Inorganic Chemistry 50, no. 12 (2011): 5324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic200436u.

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23

do Amaral Carminati, Saulo, Flavio L. Souza, and Ana F. Nogueira. "Enhancing Hematite Photoanode Activity for Water Oxidation by Incorporation of Reduced Graphene Oxide." ChemPhysChem 17, no. 1 (2015): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201500659.

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24

Panda, Sanjib Kumar, and Mohammad Hussain Khan. "Changes in growth and superoxide dismutase activity in Hydrilla verticillata L. under abiotic stress." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 16, no. 2 (2004): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202004000200007.

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A study was made of the role of various heavy metals (chromium, zinc, copper and cadmium) together with the effects of NaCl-salinity, PEG-mediated water stress and temperature on growth and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.). Almost all metals studied reduced growth but presented a modulatory effect at lower concentrations. NaCl-salinity, water stress and temperature treatments also reduced growth. SOD activity was inhibited by both chromium and zinc but increased by copper and cadmium. NaCl-salinity increased SOD activity while water stress decreased it

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25

Garrido, Raphael Mota, Franck Emmanuel Dayan, and Rosana Marta Kolb. "Herbicidal Activity of Smoke Water." Agronomy 13, no. 4 (2023): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13040975.

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Weeds cause more crop yield loss and increase farmers’ production costs more than any other agricultural pest worldwide. Natural extracts can be an important alternative to synthetic herbicides, or they can be one of the resources from which to discover new pesticide leads. The phytotoxic potential of smoke water was evaluated regarding germination and initial growth, prospecting for its possible herbicidal activity in weeds. Herbicidal activity was evaluated through germination, initial growth, and seedling vigor index bioassays in the laboratory and emergency with initial development bioassa

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26

Zhao, Zhao, Huaqiao Tan, Haifeng Zhao, et al. "Reduced TiO2rutile nanorods with well-defined facets and their visible-light photocatalytic activity." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 21 (2014): 2755–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc49182j.

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27

Ciurzyńska, Agnieszka, Julita Falacińska, Hanna Kowalska, et al. "The Effect of Pre-Treatment (Blanching, Ultrasound and Freezing) on Quality of Freeze-Dried Red Beets." Foods 10, no. 1 (2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010132.

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This paper presents the influence of blanching, ultrasonic processing and freezing conditions on selected physical properties of freeze-dried red beet, i.e., water activity, structure, porosity and shrinkage. Red beets subjected to a selected pre-treatment using its various parameters were frozen by three methods and then freeze-dried. Ultrasound reduced the water activity of samples. Blanching in water reduced shrinkage and improved porosity. In addition to the type of pre-treatment applied, the quality was also affected by freezing conditions before drying. Combined freezing resulted in the

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28

Ciurzyńska, Agnieszka, Julita Falacińska, Hanna Kowalska, et al. "The Effect of Pre-Treatment (Blanching, Ultrasound and Freezing) on Quality of Freeze-Dried Red Beets." Foods 10, no. 1 (2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010132.

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This paper presents the influence of blanching, ultrasonic processing and freezing conditions on selected physical properties of freeze-dried red beet, i.e., water activity, structure, porosity and shrinkage. Red beets subjected to a selected pre-treatment using its various parameters were frozen by three methods and then freeze-dried. Ultrasound reduced the water activity of samples. Blanching in water reduced shrinkage and improved porosity. In addition to the type of pre-treatment applied, the quality was also affected by freezing conditions before drying. Combined freezing resulted in the

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29

Al-Taey, Duraid K. A., Ahmed J. Hussain, and Haider J. Kadhum. "Bentonite Impact on Soil Properties and Biological Activity in the Face of Drought : A Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262, no. 4 (2023): 042058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/4/042058.

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Abstract The clay mineral bentonite has received a lot of attention for its potential to reduce the harmful effects of drought on soil health and biological activity. Reduced enzymatic activity and microbial diversity are two negative outcomes of the drought’s impact on soil quality. Bentonite, however, has been shown to aid in the restoration of biological functions in drought-affected soils. Bentonite’s function as a soil moisture retainer is an important consideration. Bentonite acts as a reservoir, trapping water within its layers due to its high water-holding capacity and ability to form

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30

He, H. Y. "Photocatalytic Activity of Reduced Graphene Oxide-SnSe Nanohybrids with Efficiency Interface Effect." Nano 12, no. 03 (2017): 1750032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292017500321.

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Reduced graphene oxide-SnSe (rGO-SnSe) nanohybrids were synthesized with a solution chemical reaction at room temperature. The nanohybrids were characterized by various techniques for their microstructural and photocatalytic activities in photodegradation of alkaline dye malachite green in the water. The effects of rGO/SnSe ratio, initial solution pH, and H2O2 concentration on the photodegradation efficiency were studied. The SnSe nanocrystallines with nanoscale size and narrow bandgap were formed and uniformly adhered on the rGO surface. Raman analysis confirmed the reduction of GO. The exper

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31

Tesh, V. L., and D. C. Morrison. "The physical-chemical characterization and biologic activity of serum released lipopolysaccharides." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 10 (1988): 3523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.10.3523.

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Abstract As a result of the incubation of Escherichia coli in normal human serum, a finite fraction of LPS is released from the bacterial membrane. Approximately half of the LPS released by the action of serum (S-LPS) exists in association with serum proteins in a lower m.w. form than that manifest in phenol-water extracted LPS preparations. The two major LPS-serum protein complexes have apparent Mr of 68 and 32 kDa. The LPS subunit heterogeneity of S-LPS, however, does not appear to differ significantly from LPS retained on the bacteria after serum treatment, or from LPS derived by lysis of w

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32

Silva-Cardoso, Gleice Kelli, and Prosper N’Gouemo. "Inhibition of the Sodium–Calcium Exchanger Reverse Mode Activity Reduces Alcohol Consumption in Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7 (2024): 4132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25074132.

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Excessive and uncontrolled consumption of alcohol can cause alcohol use disorder (AUD), but its pharmacological mechanisms are not fully understood. Inhibiting the reverse mode activity of the sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX) can reduce the risk of alcohol withdrawal seizures, suggesting that NCX could play a role in controlling alcohol consumption. Here, we investigated how two potent inhibitors of NCX reverse mode activity, SN-6 (NCX1) and KB-R7943 (NCX3), affect voluntary alcohol consumption in adult male and female rats using the intermittent alcohol access two-bottle choice paradigm. Initia

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33

SKWAREK, PATRYCJA, and MAŁGORZATA KARWOWSKA. "Wytłoki pomidorowe jako innowacyjny składnik kiełbas surowo dojrzewających o obniżonej zawartości azotanu(III) sodu." Zywnosc Nauka Technologia Jakosc/Food Science Technology Quality 134, no. 1 (2023): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15193/zntj/2023/134/438.

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Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of freeze-dried tomato pomace on the quality of dry fermented meat products with reduced nitrogen compounds. In this study, the effect of the addition of tomato pomace on the physicochemical parameters, antioxidant properties and microbiological safety of dry fermented sausages with reduced nitrate content after three months of storage was evaluated. Four experimental variants of pork sausages differing in the addition of tomato pomace were produced: a control sample and samples with 0.5 %, 1 % and 1.5 % addition of freeze-dried tomat

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34

Lam, Yan Tung, Rania Hussien Al-Ashwal, Mohd Helmi bin Sani, and Sadeq M. Al-Hazmy. "Reduced Glutathione Antioxidant Stability in Polymer Solutions Toward Wound Bioactive Dressing Application." Key Engineering Materials 931 (September 9, 2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ga2z38.

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Reduced glutathione (GSH) is incorporated in polymeric wound dressings to prevent oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and the development of chronic wounds. The present study investigates the influence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and PVA/PEO blend polymeric solutions on the stability of GSH during the preparations or storage. The stability was studied in three concentrations which were 3%, 5% and 8%, after sometimes between 0 to 7 days. The level of GSH achieved the highest electron donor activity at day 7 in 8% PVA/PEO (95.42%) and 8% PVA (94.27%) solutions, whe

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35

Rosa, Luana Carolina Martins, Joao Vitor de Oliveira Silva, Maíra Dante Formagio, et al. "Antimicrobial photodynamic activity by water-soluble curcumin against foodborne pathogens." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 8 (2022): e35711830870. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i8.30870.

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Foodborne diseases and microbiological control represent the major challenge for the food industry. New technologies using natural agents have attracted increasing interest. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to water-soluble curcumin (WSC) combined with acidic pH and blue LED light. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bacterial photoinactivation were conducted using different photosensitizer concentrations. For S. aureus, the combination of WSC with lactic acid and 2.5 min illumination time reduced MIC f

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36

Thakur, Sujeet Kumar, Riya Ghosh, Kishan Kumar Gaur, Prasenjit Guchhait, and Sambasivan Venkat Eswaran. "Anti-Cancer Activity of Water Soluble Reduced Graphene Oxide-Aryl Aziridino-Manganese (II) Complex." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 18, no. 6 (2022): 1577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2022.3375.

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The Graphene-based functional structures with large surface areas, ease of functionalization/modification, and photothermal features are currently very attractive for cancer nanotherapy applications. The reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) structures having moderate cytotoxicity have been used against human cancerous cells. We developed a water soluble rGO by heating with an aryl azide (a “green” reagent) followed by mild oxidation with aqueous alkaline KMnO4 yielding the c0lorless, water soluble rGO-arylaziridino-Mn (II) complex. The anti-cancer property of the compound was tested in human monocytic

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37

Okajima, Masahiro, Miho Kanzaki, Yoshio Ishibashi, et al. "In vitro bactericidal activity against periodontopathic bacteria by electrolyzed ion-reduced water." Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 5, no. 6 (2011): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2011.v5.6.306.

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38

KIEBOOM, JASPER, HARSHI D. KUSUMANINGRUM, MARCEL H. TEMPELAARS, WILMA C. HAZELEGER, TJAKKO ABEE, and RIJKELT R. BEUMER. "Survival, Elongation, and Elevated Tolerance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis at Reduced Water Activity." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 11 (2006): 2681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.11.2681.

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Growing microorganisms on dry surfaces, which results in exposure to low water activity (aw), may change their normal morphology and physiological activity. In this study, the morphological changes and cell viability of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis challenged to low aw were analyzed. The results indicated that exposure to reduced aw induced filamentation of the cells. The amount of filamentous cells at aw 0.94 was up to 90% of the total number of cells. Surviving filamentous cells maintained their membrane integrity after exposure to low aw for 21 days. Furthermore, cells prechallen

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39

GERSCHENSON, LIA N., STELLA M. ALZAMORA, and JORGE CHIRIFE. "Stability of Sorbic Acid in Model Food Systems of Reduced Water Activity: Sugar Solutions." Journal of Food Science 51, no. 4 (1986): 1028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb11225.x.

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40

Stackhouse, Robert R., Nancy G. Faith, Charles W. Kaspar, Charles J. Czuprynski, and Amy C. Lee Wong. "Survival and Virulence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Filaments Induced by Reduced Water Activity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 7 (2012): 2213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06774-11.

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ABSTRACTSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis strain E40 filaments were developed under conditions of a reduced water activity (aw) of 0.95 in tryptic soy broth (TSB) or tryptic soy agar (TSA) supplemented with 8% or 7% NaCl, respectively. Filament formation was accompanied by an increase of biomass without an increase in CFU and was affected by incubation temperature and the physical milieu. The greatest amount of filaments was recovered from TSA with 7% NaCl and incubation at 30°C. Within 2 h of transfer to fresh TSB, filaments started to septate into normal-sized cells, resulting in a rapi

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41

Mattick, K. L., F. Jørgensen, J. D. Legan, H. M. Lappin-Scott, and T. J. Humphrey. "Habituation of Salmonella spp. at Reduced Water Activity and Its Effect on Heat Tolerance." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 11 (2000): 4921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.11.4921-4925.2000.

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ABSTRACT The effect of habituation at reduced water activity (aw) on heat tolerance of Salmonella spp. was investigated. Stationary-phase cells were exposed to aw0.95 in broths containing glucose-fructose, sodium chloride, or glycerol at 21°C for up to a week prior to heat challenge at 54°C. In addition, the effects of different aws and heat challenge temperatures were investigated. Habituation at aw0.95 resulted in increased heat tolerance at 54°C with all solutes tested. The extent of the increase and the optimal habituation time depended on the solute used. Exposure to broths containing glu

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42

Seabi, B. O., B. C. Viljoen, C. Roux, and A. Botha. "Nitrogen utilisation and growth at reduced water activity by mucoralean fungi present in soil." South African Journal of Botany 65, no. 5-6 (1999): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(15)31031-0.

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43

Nagai, Katsuya, Alexander Gueorguiev Stoynev, Nobuo Nagai, and Hachiro Nakagawa. "Reduced increase in plasma renin activity on water-deprivation in blind hereditary microphthalmic rats." Neuroscience Letters 149, no. 2 (1993): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90775-g.

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44

Lobato, A. K. S., R. C. L. Costa, C. F. Oliveira Neto, et al. "Consequences of the water deficit on water relations and symbiosis in Vigna unguiculata cultivars." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 4 (2009): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1615-pse.

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The study aimed at evaluating and comparing changes provoked by the water deficit on water relations and nitrogen fixation in two <I>Vigna unguiculata</I> cultivars, as well as at indicating which cultivar is more tolerant under water deficiency. The experimental design used was entirely randomized in factorial scheme, with 2 cultivars (Pitiuba and Pérola) and 2 water regimes (control and stress). The parameters evaluated were the leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, nodule number, nodule dry matter, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, ureide concen

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Boydston, Rick A. "Soil Water Content Affects the Activity of Four Herbicides on Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)." Weed Science 38, no. 6 (1990): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500051523.

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Low soil water content for 10 to 14 days before and 7 days after herbicide application reduced control of green foxtail with fenoxaprop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, and sethoxydim. Withholding irrigation for 10 to 14 days before herbicide application did not reduce control of green foxtail with normal use rates of herbicides if plots were irrigated at the time of application. Low soil water content reduced the activity of sethoxydim less than the other herbicides.

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Caley, CY, CM Duffus, and B. Jeffcoat. "Effects of Elevated Temperature and Reduced Water Uptake on Enzymes of Starch Synthesis in Developing Wheat Grains." Functional Plant Biology 17, no. 4 (1990): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9900431.

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The mechanism of temperature regulation of endosperm development has been investigated by studying the effects of two temperature regimes on starch deposition and starch synthase activity during grain development in two cultivars of wheat. Most of the starch synthase activity was present throughout development as the granule-bound form using ADPglucose as the principal substrate. That starch synthase may be a rate-limiting enzyme for accumulation of starch, and hence dry weight, is suggested by: (1) rates are proportionately less in the cultivar with the lower final endosperm dry weight; (2) a

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Oren, Aharon. "Life at low water activity: Halophilic microorganisms and their adaptations." Biochemist 30, no. 4 (2008): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03004010.

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Life, or at least life as we know it, depends on water. Water is the solvent in which the cytoplasmic enzymatic machinery functions. However, life on Earth has adapted to a variety of environments with low water activity. Availability of water can be reduced both by the presence of salts and other solutes in the cells' surroundings (‘osmotic water stress’) and by drought (‘matric water stress’). As biological membranes are permeable to water, intracellular water activity equals that of the outside medium. A water activity of 0.60–0.62 appears to be the lower limit for life. Salt lakes and othe

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Janowicz, Monika, Agnieszka Ciurzyńska, and Andrzej Lenart. "Effect of Osmotic Pretreatment Combined with Vacuum Impregnation or High Pressure on the Water Diffusion Coefficients of Convection Drying: Case Study on Apples." Foods 10, no. 11 (2021): 2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112605.

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The paper presents water diffusion coefficients as providing a significant contribution to the creation of a comprehensive database and knowledge of weight variation during the drying process of raw plant materials that is used for modelling the technological process and designing innovative products. Dehydration is one of the most widely used methods for improving the stability and durability of fruit and vegetables because it reduces water activity and microbial activity, and minimises the physical and chemical changes during storage. The considerable impact of pressure on heat exchange and

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Buhler, Douglas D. "Influence of Application Method on the Activity of Butylate and EPTC in Reduced-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)." Weed Science 35, no. 3 (1987): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500053911.

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Weed control in reduced-tillage corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3732′) with butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl) carbamothioate] and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbarnothioate) was not reduced when these herbicides were applied jointly with dry or liquid fertilizer. In most cases, application with fertilizer resulted in weed control similar to that observed when the herbicide was applied in water at 285 L/ha. Butylate applied as a granular formulation also gave weed control similar to the spray at 285 L/ha. Application in 95 L/ha of water consistently resulted in reduced weed control. Corn injury was n

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Jonchhe, Sagun, Shankar Pandey, Tomoko Emura, et al. "Decreased water activity in nanoconfinement contributes to the folding of G-quadruplex and i-motif structures." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 38 (2018): 9539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805939115.

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Due to the small size of a nanoconfinement, the property of water contained inside is rather challenging to probe. Herein, we measured the amount of water molecules released during the folding of individual G-quadruplex and i-motif structures, from which water activities are estimated in the DNA nanocages prepared by 5 × 5 to 7 × 7 helix bundles (cross-sections, 9 × 9 to 15 × 15 nm). We found water activities decrease with reducing cage size. In the 9 × 9-nm cage, water activity was reduced beyond the reach of regular cosolutes such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). With this set of nanocages, we

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