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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reducing agent

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Academic literature on the topic 'Reducing agent'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Reducing agent"

1

Liu, Zuyu, and Zhizhong Wang. "Synthesis of a new water reducing agent." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 84, Feb 2007 (2007): 200–203. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814829.

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Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China <em>E-mail</em> : liuzuyu2005@sina.com <em>Manuscript received 4 April 2006, revised 7 December 2006, accepted 8 December 2006</em> The preparation of water reducing agents from phenanthrene waste has been studied by sulfonation, condensation, neutralization and recondensation. Reaction conditions were investigated by orthogonal test, and main technical parameters optimized. The optimum conditions were as follows : molar ratio of phenanthrene to sulfuric acid (1 : 2), sulfonation temperature (160 <sup>o</sup>C), sulfonation time (3 h), molar ratio of phenanthrene to formaldehyde (1 : 1), condensation temperature (80 <sup>o</sup>C), condensation time (3 h), molar ratio of phenanthrene to carbamide (1 : 0.005), recondensation temperature (80 <sup>o</sup>C). The study showed that the water reducing agent synthesized in the work was high effective.  

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Kushwaha, Babita, Sinenhlanhla Mthembu, Anamika Sharma, Fernando Albericio, and Beatriz de la Torre. "Serinol-Based Versatile Disulfide-Reducing Reagent." Molecules 28, no. 14 (2023): 5489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145489.

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Here, we report the synthesis of disulfide-reducing agents 2-(dibenzylamino) propane-1,3-dithiol (DPDT) and 2-(dibenzylamino)-2-methylpropane-1,3-dithiol (DMPDT) from serinol and methyl serinol, respectively. DPDT was found to show greater stability than DMPDT. Hence, the effectiveness of DPDT as a reducing agent was evaluated in both liquid and solid phases. The reducing capacity of this agent was comparable to that of DTT.

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Hideshima, S., and Y. Toda. "Chemistry of concrete admixtures 3. Water reducing agent and AE water reducing agent." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 34, no. 377 (1985): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.34.242.

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Qasim, Awais, Arslan Ghouri, and Adeel Munawar. "An effective approach for reducing data redundancy in multi-agent system communication." Multiagent and Grid Systems 20, no. 1 (2024): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mgs-230089.

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The redundancy of the data is an active research topic. While an agent works in a multi-agent system, the number of messages between them increases. This is due to the fact that the functionalities data depends on other agents in terms of functional requirements. Typically, only one agent in a multi-agent system is responsible for accessing a database instead of replicating the database on each agent. A database is stored on multiple agents rather than a single agent to avoid a single point of failure. In this approach, the system has a higher load because one agent is responsible for all agent queries and must send duplicate messages to multiple agents, resulting in redundant data. In this research, we present Multi-Agent System for Commodity Data (MASCD) framework, the multi-agent system based communication using the distributed hash system, to reduce data redundancy in multi-agent system communication. Our anticipated method demonstrated how we divided the database names and efficiently distributed data to each agent. The database splitting is based on manufacturer names or product names. We utilize a table based on prime numbers. Through the hash function, we ascertain the index of the agent granted access to the relevant data. Each agent is accountable for its data. We use a Distributed Hash Table for efficient querying that stores data as key-value pairs. Each agent maintains a Finger Table containing the next and previous nodes for agent communication purposes. Using FIPA messages, we demonstrated how an agent could interact optimally. In conclusion, we illustrate the application of the proposed approach through a case study of mobile phones and university information systems.

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Vanderesse, Régis, Yves Fort, Sandrine Becker, and Paul Caubere. "Activation of reducing agents. Sodium hydride containing complex reducing agents 22. New coupling reaction with “nickel doped” complex reducing agent." Tetrahedron Letters 27, no. 30 (1986): 3517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)84838-8.

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Menger, Fredric M., Craig A. West, and Julia Ding. "A combinatorially developed reducing agent." Chemical Communications, no. 6 (1997): 633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a700259i.

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Carfagna, C., A. Musco, R. Pontellini, and G. Terzoni. "MgH2 as a reducing agent." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 54, no. 2 (1989): L23—L26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(89)80206-8.

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Sneha, G. Nair, S. More Tushar, and R. Jadhav Vikram. "A Procedure Employing for Redox Titration: Balancing the Redox Chemical Equation in Acidic or Basic Medium." International Journal of Research and Review 7, no. 5 (2020): 99–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3938452.

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Graduate and post graduate students find much more difficulty during the concept of the balancing redox chemical equation in acidic or basic medium. Teachers are well aware of the importance of the balancing redox chemical equation in both medium and also teaching difficulty associated with it. In an attempt to improving the understanding of the balancing the redox chemical equation with reduced difficulty, a mathematical approach that provides easier understanding has been developed and successfully employed in graduate and post graduate students. In this study, relation between an oxidising agent (Oxidant) and reducing agent (reductant) can be employed in redox chemical titration, using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is an oxidant itself act as the indicator, during the titration of Cr (III) ion, as reducing agent with KMnO4, the second titration oxidation of H2O2, is used as a reducing agent against the KMnO4. Data obtained from titrations will lead to balancing each redox chemical equation in an acidic or basic medium.  

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Lai, Huazhen, Hao Chen, and Zhiqun Lin. "Study on mildew of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2174, no. 1 (2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2174/1/012046.

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Abstract In practical applications, polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agents are susceptible to microbial contamination and mildew. Through the mold test on the polycarboxylate water-reducing agent with different storage time, the effect of reaction temperature, chain transfer agent type, solid content, compound components and preservatives on the mildew of the polycarboxylate water-reducing agent is studied. The research results can provide technical guidance for long-term storage of polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer and have important application significance.

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Lin, Yanmei. "Research on behavior mechanism and performance of concrete shrinkage reducing agent." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2390, no. 1 (2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2390/1/012016.

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Abstract The research on the function and mechanism of shrinkage reducing agent shows that shrinkage reducing agents can greatly reduce the shrinkage rate of concrete without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of concrete. The mechanism of the shrinkage-reducing agent was tested and analyzed from the water evaporation rate of the solution and the surface tension of the solution. The results showed that the addition of the shrinkage reducing agent could significantly reduce the surface tension of the aqueous solution, and had little effect on the evaporation rate of the water on the surface of the aqueous solution; the surface tension test shows that the mechanism of shrinkage reducing agent reducing drying shrinkage is mainly to reduce the surface tension of pore solution; the analysis from the water evaporation rate test shows that shrinkage reducing agent has no significant effect on water evaporation inhibition, and inhibiting concrete moisture evaporation is not the most commonly used shrinkage reducing agent reduction mechanism.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reducing agent"

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Humphrey, John Adam. "Reducing agent assisted oxygen delignification of sulfite pulps." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29997.pdf.

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Kocak, Mustafa. "Interactions Of Cholesterol Reducing Agent Simvastatin With Phospholipid Model Membranes." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608220/index.pdf.

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Interactions of simvastatin with zwitterionic dipalmitoyl phosphotidylcholine (DPPC) multilamellar liposomes were investigated as a function of temperature and simvastatin concentration. And acyl chain length effect on the simvastatin-model membrane interactions was monitored with DPPC and dimyristoyl phosphotidylcholine (DMPC) lipids. All studies were carried out by two non-invasive techniques, namely Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that as simvastatin concentration increased, the main phase transition temperature decreased, the main phase transition curve broadened, and the characteristic pretransition was disappeared for both DMPC and DPPC model membranes. All concentrations of simvastatin disordered and decreased the fluidity of phospholipid membranes. Analysis of C=O stretching band showed that simvastatin either strengthen the existing hydrogen bonds of the glycerol skeleton closer to the head groups or caused the formation of new hydrogen bonds. A dehydration effect caused by simvastatin around the PO2- functional groups in the polar part of the lipids was monitored. This dehydration effect in the gel phase was more profound than in the liquid crystalline phase for 1, 6, and 12 mol% of simvastatin concentrations. DSC peaks broadened and shifted to lower temperature values by increasing the simvastatin concentration. For both lipids, simvastatin-induced lateral phase separation was observed in the DSC thermograms. Any change caused by the acyl chain length difference of DMPC and DPPC lipids was not observed on the simvastatin-membrane interactions. Also, for both of the lipids similar trends were observed in the FTIR and DSC results. More profound effects of simvastatin on the less stable DMPC membranes were observed.

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Harris, Alan R. "Sodium formaldehyde sulphoxylate as a reducing agent for organic synthesis." Thesis, Coventry University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327751.

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Sariisik, Ediz. "Interactions Of Cholesterol Reducing Agent Simvastatin With Charged Phospholipid Model Membranes." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611556/index.pdf.

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Interactions of cholesterol reducing agent simvastatin with charged model membranes were investigated. Effects of cholestrol reducing agent simvastatin on the phase transition behaviour and physical properties of the anionic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) multilamellar liposome were studied as a function of temperature and simvastatin concentration. Moreover the effect of acyl chain length on the simvastatin model membrane interactions was monitored using dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) lipids. All experiments were carried out by two non-invasive techniques namely Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The observations made in the this study clearly showed that simvastatin interacts with the lipids of multilamellar liposomes and induces some variations in the structure of membranes. These effects are seen in the thermotropic phase transition profile of the membranes, on membrane order, acyl chain flexibility, lipid head group structures and membrane fluidity. The analysis of the C-H stretching region of FTIR spectra showed that, as simvastatin concentration increased, the phase transition curve broadened, pretransition temperature diminished, membrane order and membrane fluidity increased for anionic DPPG membrane. Moreover analysis of the C=O stretching and PO2 - stretching bands showed that simvastatin caused dehydration effect by decreasing of hydrogen bonding capacity in the glycerol backbone and also around the lipid head groups. DSC studies showed that as the simvastatin concentration increased, DSC curves broadened. In addition, simvastatin-induced lateral phase separation was observed in the DSC thermograms. In the second part of the study, the effect of acyl chain length on the simvastatin - membrane interactions was investigated for DPPG and DMPG lipid membranes. All parameters used in the FTIR studies are compared for DMPG and DPPG membranes. Similar results were observed for both membranes, except for the CH2 antisymmetric stretching band frequency at gel phase. Results showed that there are no significant effect of acyl chain length on simvastin - membrane interactions.

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El-Tawil, Asmaa. "Bio-coal as an alternative reducing agent in the blast furnace." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Mineralteknik och metallurgi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78301.

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The steel industry is aiming to reduce CO2 emissions by different means; in the short-term, by replacing fossil coal with highly reactive carbonaceous material like bio-coal (pretreated biomass) and, in the longer term, by using hydrogen. The use of bio-coal as part of top charged briquettes also containing iron oxide has the potential to lower the thermal reserve zone temperature of the Blast furnace (BF) and, due to improved gas efficiency, thereby give a high replacement ratio to coke. In order to select a suitable bio-coal to be contained in agglomerates with iron oxide, the current study aims at investigating the devolatilization behavior and related kinetics of different types of bio-coals. In addition, the aim is to investigate the self-reduction behavior of bio-coal-containing iron ore composite under inert condition and simulated blast furnace thermal profile. In the BF the temperature of the top-charged material will increase rather quickly during the descent in the upper part. Ideally, all the carbon and hydrogen contained in the top-charged bio-coal should contribute to the reduction. The devolatilization of bio-coal is thus important to understand and to compare between different types of bio-coal. To explore the devolatilization behavior for different materials, a thermogravimetric analyzer equipped with a quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to monitor the weight loss and off-gases during non-isothermal tests for bio-coals having different contents of volatile matter. The samples were heated in an inert atmosphere up to 1200°C at three different heating rates: 5, 10 and 15°C/min. The thermogravimetric data were evaluated by using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sonuse (KAS) iso-conversational model and the activation energy was determined as a function of the conversion degree. Bio-coals with both low and high content of volatile matter can produce reducing gases that can contribute to the reduction of iron oxide in bio-agglomerates. Bio-coals containing a higher content of catalyzing components such as CaO and K2O will enhance the devolatilization and release of volatile matter at a lower temperature. The self–reduction of composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analyses in argon atmosphere up to 1100°C and evolved gases were monitored by means of quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Composites with and without 10% bio-coal and sufficient coke breeze to keep the C/O molar ratio equal to one were mixed and Portland cement was used as a binder. To explore the effect of added bio-coals, interrupted vertical tube furnace tests were conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures selected based on thermogravimetric results, using a similar thermal profile as for the thermogravimetric analyzer. The variation between fixed carbon, volatile matter contents and ash composition for different types of bio-coal influences the reduction of iron oxide. The results showed that the self-reduction proceeds more rapidly in the bio-coal-containing composite and that the volatile matter could have contributed to the reduction. The self-reduction of bio-coal-containing composites started at 500°C, while it started at 740°C with coke as the only carbon source. The hematite was successfully reduced to metallic iron at 850°C with bio-coal present as a reducing agent, but not until 1100°C when using coke. Use of bio-coal with high content of volatile matter but low content of catalyzing elements as potassium, sodium and calcium in bio-agglomerates for the BF can be recommended because it enhances the self-reduction of iron oxide, e.g., wustite was detected by XRD analysis in samples treated up to 680°C. Bio-coal with low content of volatile matter, low alkalis, low phosphorous and high content of fixed carbon will also be suitable to use in the BF.

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LELLO, BRUNO CAVALCANTE DI. "SYNTHESIS OF GALLIUM NITRIDE POWDER FROM GAS-SOLID REACTION USING CARBON AS REDUCING AGENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4002@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>O nitreto de gálio (GaN) é um dos mais interessantes e promissores materiais para aplicação em dispositivos óptico- eletrônicos. GaN pode ser usado para a fabricação de diodos e lasers azuis. O desenvolvimento deste tipo de material está relacionado com três campos principais: 1) deposição de camadas de GaN cristalino; 2) produção de nano- filamentos a partir de reações confinadas no interior de nanotubos de carbono; 3) síntese de GaN em pó por diferentes métodos químicos. Recentemente, novas técnicas de deposição adotaram a sublimação de pós de GaN como fonte de gálio para a produção de nanofilamentos de GaN, filmes finos ou cristais. Estes métodos de sublimação mostram a necessidade do emprego de pós de GaN. No presente trabalho, é apresentada uma nova rota para a produção de pós de GaN a partir da reação gás-sólido entre Ga2O3 e NH3(g) utilizando o carbono como agente redutor no interior de um novo tipo de reator, disposto verticalmente. A partir desta rota obteve-se pós de GaN com conversões aproximadamente de 100% e com estrutura cristalina hexagonal. A quantidade de GaN obtida variou de acordo com os parâmetros experimentais adotados. Através de uma análise estatística foi possível determinar a influência da temperatura, razão molar de carbono/Ga2O3 e do tempo experimental sobre a taxa de produção de GaN.<br>It is well known that gallium nitride (GaN) is one of the most interesting and promising materials for optoelectronic devices. GaN can be used for manufacturing blue light- emitting diodes and lasers. Development of this material is concerned with three main areas 1) deposition of GaN crystalline layers onto different substrates; 2) manufacturing of GaN nanorods from chemical reactions in the confined spaces provided by carbon nanotubes; 3) synthesis of GaN powders by different chemical methods. Recently, new deposition techniques have adopted sublimation of GaN powders as gallium source to produce GaN nanorods, thin films or bulk crystals. These sublimation methods rely on the supply of GaN powders. This thesis presents a new route to produce GaN powder from gas-solid chemical reaction between Ga2O3 and NH3 using carbon as reducing agent in a new reactor design. The GaN powder obtained from this route possesses a hexagonal crystal structure and was found to correspond to almost 100% conversion of Ga2O3. The amount of GaN present in the powders varied with experimental parameters. A statistical analysis showed the influence of temperature, carbon/Ga2O3 ratio and experimental time on the production of GaN powder.

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Rahoui, Hafsa. "Contribution to understanding the action of shrinkage reducing admixtures in cementitious materials : experiments and modelling." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1166.

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Le retrait du béton et la fissuration qu'il peut provoquer représente un problème fondamental dans la construction, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences sur les aspects structurels, esthétiques et de durabilité. Les agents réducteurs retraits - ou Shrinkage Reducing Admixtures (SRA) - sont des produits chimiques organiques qui peuvent être une solution pour réduire le retrait des bétons à base de ciment Portland. Ce travail consiste d’abord à mettre en place une méthodologie d'observation et, idéalement, de modélisation du comportement du SRA au cours des processus d'hydratation et de séchage. Son but ultime est de apporter de nouvelles connaissances sur les origines du retrait et les modes d’actions des ARR, et de proposer des modèles de retrait du béton avec et sans agents réducteurs retraits<br>Concrete shrinkage and the cracking that it causes represent a fundamental problem in construction, which may have consequences on the structutal, aestheticand durability aspects. Shrinkage Reducing Admixtures (SRA) are organic chemicals that can be used to minimize the drying shrinkage of Portland-cement-based concretes.The major objective of this work is to set up a methodology for observing and ideally also modeling the behavior of the SRA during the hydration and drying processes. So the PhD will include experimental work able to highlight some features missing in the litterature and to develop a new methodology for investigating the SRA mechanism. The PhD will also include a modeling part involving poromechanics and physico-chemical theories

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Moffitt, Kaylee. "Enzymatic degradation of Keratinous materials from livestock processing to generate value added products." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207235/1/Kaylee_Moffitt_Thesis.pdf.

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Livestock is a major industry that generates a range of wastes and low value co-products such as keratinous hair, horns, feathers and hooves. Enzymatic hydrolysis of keratin could generate products with added value, although process challenges arise from the highly recalcitrant nature of the material. Outcomes of this work include an optimised process with over 85% of the solid material solubilised by hydrolysis, and an understanding of keratinase enzyme performance that will aid future process development towards the generation of value-added products from low value livestock keratin.

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Vancko, Jr Robert M. "Effect of a drag reducing agent on pressure drop and flow regime transitions in multiphase horizontal low pressure pipelines." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1184354301.

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Schmidlin, Nadja Maria Clara [Verfasser], Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Böttcher, and Ingo [Akademischer Betreuer] Krossing. "A novel class of sterically demanding anionic pyridines and its application as a ligand,reducing agent and catalyst." Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1232174165/34.

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Books on the topic "Reducing agent"

1

Crisafulli, Giujeppe. Pmhs as a reducing agent. UMIST, 1998.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program, ed. Carbon filtration for reducing emissions from chemical agent incineration. National Academy Press, 1999.

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D, Burke Steven, and Danheiser Rick L, eds. Oxidizing and reducing agents. Wiley, 1999.

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Mourdikoudis, Stefanos, ed. Reducing Agents in Colloidal Nanoparticle Synthesis. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839163623.

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Gunatilaka, Ramani. The Change Agents' Programme reducing rural poverty by catalyzing economic change? Centre for Poverty Analysis, 2000.

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Baak, Lubbertus Cornelis. Ambulatroy intragastric pH-monitoring in the assessment of acid-reducing agents. s.n.], 1991.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Environment Directorate., ed. Risk reduction monograph.: Background and national experience with reducing risk. Environment Directorate, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1994.

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Pope, Daniel H. Development of methods to detect sulfate-reducing bacteria--agents of microbiologically influenced corrosion. Edited by Freedman Arthur J and Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries (U.S.). National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1990.

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Ciappei, Cristiano, ed. Innovazione e brokeraggio tecnologico. Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-983-0.

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This book is designed to furnish Italian literature with an insight into the significance and the role of knowledge transfer, and in particular of technological brokerage. The idea is that, in the present-day world, dominated by a technology and knowledge available to an increasingly large number of people, enterprises are called upon to reconfigure the concept of innovation, expanding in even geographical terms the quest for solutions that aim at creating an exchange of interdisciplinary knowledge. To respond to the need for the dissemination of knowledge, collaboration between enterprises and the use of brokers appears to be the easiest solution. This can contribute to reducing the inefficacy of the markets and hence to facilitating the technological transactions. In this context the role of the brokers is fundamental in the knowledge markets in general, and in particular in that of technology, spawned by the need for an increasingly complex brokerage of knowledge, between applicant and user. In traditional markets, in effect, transactions can be conducted directly by the enterprises and may deal with current or future technology, but there is also the possibility of indirect transactions, involving the intermediation of specialised brokers. The emergence of these brokers is due to the frequent presence of structural gaps in the real markets which do not permit the normal flow of information: in practice, it is rare for every agent in a market to be connected with all the other agents that may important for him.

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Harkness, Richard. Everything you need to know about reducing cancer risk. Prima Health, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reducing agent"

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Gomez, Felipe. "Reducing Agent." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1357.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Reducing Agent." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9834.

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Gomez, Felipe. "Reducing Agent." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1357.

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Gomez, Felipe. "Reducing Agent." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65093-6_1357.

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Gomez, Felipe. "Reducing Agent." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1357-2.

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Halaç, Tayfun Gokmen, Övünç Çetin, Erdem Eser Ekinci, Rıza Cenk Erdur, and Oğuz Dikenelli. "Reducing Agent Plans to Workflows." In Languages, Methodologies, and Development Tools for Multi-Agent Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13338-1_2.

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Zhang, Yunqi, and Kate Larson. "Reducing Interaction Costs for Self-interested Agents." In Agent-Mediated Electronic Commerce and Trading Agent Design and Analysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88713-3_12.

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McAnally, Heath B. "Attenuating the Agent: Reducing Opioid “Virulence”." In Opioid Dependence. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47497-7_5.

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Shida, Tadamasa. "The Electron as a Reducing Agent." In Topics in Molecular Organization and Engineering. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3750-8_16.

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Chatgilialoglu, C., and D. Griller. "Tris(Trimethylsilyl)Silane. A New Reducing Agent." In Organic Free Radicals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73963-7_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reducing agent"

1

Bai, Yidong, and Toshiharu Sugawara. "Reducing Redundant Computation in Multi-Agent Coordination through Locally Centralized Execution." In 2024 16th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai63651.2024.00073.

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Chen, Huey J., Gene E. Kouba, M. S. Fouchi, Bob Fu, and Daniel G. Rey. "Field Application of a Drag Reducing Agent to Increase Gas Production." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00073.

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Abstract Use of corrosion inhibitors as gas drag reducing agents has been reported by Arco E&P Technology. It was postulated in the literature that the drag reduction in gas transmission lines could be achieved by applying a thin coating on the pipeline inner surface to reduce friction between the flowing gas and pipe wall. Some corrosion inhibitors can adsorb strongly on the metal surfaces to form a smooth film similar to that of gas drag reducer to mitigate gas turbulence at the gas/solid interface. In an attempt to cost-effectively boost the gas production rate, a field trial was conducted in the Gulf of Mexico using the same chemical reported in the literature. Our results are in good agreement with the performance quoted in the literature, that is, the peak gas production rate increases by 10-15% and the peak pressure drop decreases up to 20%.

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Fang, Biqing, and Fangzhen Lin. "Heuristic Strategies for Accelerating Multi-Agent Epistemic Planning." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/32.

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Multi-agent epistemic planning (MEP) is about achieving an epistemic goal in a multi-agent environment using agents’ actions that have epistemic preconditions and effects. Recently, MEP has received interest from both the dynamic logic and planning communities, leading to the development of several innovative planners. One such state of the art planner is MEPK. In this paper, we propose two novel strategies to enhance the search methods within MEPK. Our first strategy, the enhancement strategy, dynamically updates the heuristic based on the search path to the first goal-reachable node, potentially reducing the number of nodes that need to be explored to find a solution. Our second, the belief lock strategy, prevents the planner from continuing to search a particular state that cannot progress to a goal state due to the possession by an agent of a certain belief. Our experiments on existing benchmarks show that the new strategies can indeed accelerate the problem solving. We also construct new harder instances and demonstrate that our strategies significantly improve the performance on these hard benchmarks. Overall, we consider our new planner a significant improvement over the existing one in terms of computational efficiency.

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Al-Aiderous, Abdullah Younis. "Unlocking Drag Reducing Agent Systems Potential Using Data Analysis." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211299-ms.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to showcase the successful and innovative troubleshooting data analysis techniques to operate a Drag Reducing Agent system optimally, minimizing Drag Reducing Agent Losses and unlocking Drag Reducing Agent system's potential to increase facility throughput through pipelines. Drag Reducing Systems have recently received widespread industry adoption in various applications such as debottlenecking pipelines constraints, increase facility throughput and elimination of costly CAPEX. These proven data analysis techniques were used to tackle major and chronic issues associated with Drag Reducing Agents systems operation that led to excessive Drag Reducing Agent losses, Drag Reducing Agent system solidification and reduction in facility throughput and production. Drag Reducing Agent loss and solidification associated with system storage, handling and improper operations is the most important operating problem in the Drag Reducing Agent system and it represents a concern to the operation personnel. There are various types of Drag Reducing Agents classified by the type of carrier, each individual agent has its unique handling requirements and most optimum pipeline service usage. In this paper, comprehensive data analysis of the potential root causes that aggravate undesired drag reducing agent losses, solidification and reduced throughput will be discussed along with solutions to minimize the expected impact. For example, operating the Drag Reducing Agent system at high temperature will increase the agent losses by solidification. In addition, improper agent circulation at the storage facility results in a reduction in agent efficiency as a result of carrier disengagement. This paper will focus on a detailed case study in one of the running Drag Reducing Agent systems at a gas-oil separation plant.

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Wang, Haiquan. "Reasearch of Reducing Agent." In 7th International Conference on Management, Education, Information and Control (MEICI 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meici-17.2017.40.

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Wang, Jiawei, and Lijun Sun. "Reducing Bus Bunching with Asynchronous Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/60.

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The bus system is a critical component of sustainable urban transportation. However, due to the significant uncertainties in passenger demand and traffic conditions, bus operation is unstable in nature and bus bunching has become a common phenomenon that undermines the reliability and efficiency of bus services. Despite recent advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) on traffic control, little research has focused on bus fleet control due to the tricky asynchronous characteristic---control actions only happen when a bus arrives at a bus stop and thus agents do not act simultaneously. In this study, we formulate route-level bus fleet control as an asynchronous multi-agent reinforcement learning (ASMR) problem and extend the classical actor-critic architecture to handle the asynchronous issue. Specifically, we design a novel critic network to effectively approximate the marginal contribution for other agents, in which graph attention neural network is used to conduct inductive learning for policy evaluation. The critic structure also helps the ego agent optimize its policy more efficiently. We evaluate the proposed framework on real-world bus services and actual passenger demand derived from smart card data. Our results show that the proposed model outperforms both traditional headway-based control methods and existing MARL methods.

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Abdulbari, Hayder A., Rosli Mohd Yunus, and Nor'Aqilah Norahzan. "A new natural drag reducing agent." In 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chuser.2012.6504389.

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Kubo, Takuya, and Satoshi Ogata. "Flow Properties of Bamboo Fiber Suspensions." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87283.

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Reducing pipe friction by adding a drag reducing agent has attracted interest as a means to reduce energy consumption. In addition to reducing drag, drag reducing agents should also have a low environmental load and conserve natural resources. However, no drag reducing agent currently satisfies both these conditions. The present study investigates the use of bamboo fibers as a drag reducing agent that satisfies both conditions. The drag reducing effect was evaluated by measuring the pressure drop in pipe flow. Bamboo fiber suspensions reduced drag by up to 20%. In addition, bamboo fibers could be easily removed from suspensions by a filter. These results demonstrate that bamboo fibers are a drag reducing agent that both save natural resources and have a low environmental load.

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Guo, Y. Q., та Y. W. Wang. "Composite reducing agent synthesized of β-SiAlON". У The 2015 International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Information Science (EEEIS2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814740135_0105.

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Thatcher, Steve. "Reducing Aircraft Accidents: Can Intelligent Agent Paradigms Help?" In 2008 International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacte.2008.210.

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Reports on the topic "Reducing agent"

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Betty, Rita G., Jill Marie Bieker, and Mark David Tucker. Agricultural pathogen decontamination technology-reducing the threat of infectious agent spread. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883470.

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Brunner. PR-015-07203-O01 Deposit Response Program using the ASTM D6201 Ford 2-3L IVD Test. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010722.

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A summary report to determine the effect of increased levels of Drag Reducing Agent (DRA) in gasoline on engine deposits, specifically intake valve deposits. Eight ASTM D6201 tests on the Ford 2.3L engine were conducted � three with 15 ppm DRA in fuel, three with nominal 25 ppm DRA in fuel, one with no DRA but a standard lowest additive concentration (LAC) package, and one with no DRA and no detergent additive.

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Leung, David, and Markus Poschke†. Progressive consumption tax reforms. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/jfax2131.

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We study the effects of tax reforms in a heterogeneous agent overlapping generations life cycle model with idiosyncratic risk in capital and labour income and a rich tax system. The model replicates empirical joint distributions of income, wealth and tax payments well. In an economy with highly progressive income taxes, a revenue-neutral shift of the tax burden from income to consumption taxes increases saving and output, while also reducing inequality. It particularly benefits those with low wealth relative to income. It tends to harm retirees, who have high wealth relative to income. In contrast, an increase in the progressivity of income taxes also reduces inequality, but implies lower saving and output.

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Tyler, David. Powerful Photogenerated Reducing Agents. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada197949.

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Salcedo, Felipe, Jose Bejarano, Juan Diaz, Yina Ortega, and Ariel Vaca. Production of a starch-based polymeric coating with incorporation of bioactive principles from chemical synthesis to extend the shelf life of cavendish banana. Universidad de los Andes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.bbb.4.

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Crown rot is a severe postharvest disease affecting tropical and subtropical fruits like mango, avocado, papaya, and banana. It is caused by fungal pathogens that penetrate the fruit, reducing its pulp and leading to premature ripening. Systemic fungicides have been used to control these fungi, typically applied to seeds, leaves, or fruits to prevent disease spread. However, traditional fungicides can pose toxicity risks to the environment and human health. Essential oils are chemical substances that can be found in plants and have antifungal capacity. Essential oils are being investigated as an alternative to traditional fungicides since they are less toxic to the environment and human health; however, they are more expensive and less efficient than traditional fungicides. Accordingly, chemically synthesizing the chemical compounds that are the active antifungal agent inside essential oils can be an ecological and effective approach to produce a new generation of antifungals. In this study, modified starch was investigated as a carrier for thymol (active antifungal agent in thyme oil) incorporation using four distinct methods. Emulsions of starch and thymol were prepared and spray dried to obtain a soluble powder that was used to produce coatings. The most effective method for thymol incorporation yields a retention of approximately 40% according to gas chromatography analysis. In-vitro results indicated that thymol incorporated into the matrix exhibited antifungal effects against key fungi responsible for crown rot disease in Cavendish bananas at concentrations greater than 6% w/w relative to the coating matrix.

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Chalutz, Edo, Michael Wisniewski, Samir Droby, Yael Eilam, and Ilan Chet. Mode of Action of Yeast Biocontrol Agents of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613025.bard.

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In a previous BARD-supported study, three of the investigators of this research were involved in a study on biological control of postharvest diseases of citrus and deciduous fruits. Several naturally occurring, non-antibiotic producing yeast antagonists were identified. Application of some of these antagonists resulted in very high levels of biocontrol under laboratory conditions but lower efficacy in semi-commercial tests. It was felt that the lack of knowledge on the mode of action of the biocontrol agents was limiting their efficient use. The current study was aimed at narrowing this gap in our knowledge. Two specific objectives were outlined: to study the mechanism by which calcium salts enhance biocontrol activity and to determine the role, if any, of the yeast extracellular materials and/or enzymes which degrade fungal cell walls during the interaction between the antagonists, the pathogen and the host. CaCl2 but not MgCl2, inhibited spore germination, and germ-tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and P. digitatum in culture. It also inhibited the pectinolytic activity of the pathogens. Biocontrol of apple decay by isolate 182 of Candida oleophila, an effective biocontrol agent, was enhanced by the addition of CaCl2 whereas there was no effect on the biocontrol activity of isolate 247 of this yeast. Similarly, CaCl2 enhanced efficacy of the US-7 isolate of Pichia guilliermondii in reducing infection of P. digitatum in citrus fruit. CaCl2 by itself also reduced the infection of peel wounds and stimulated ethylene production by grapefruit peel. This antagonist exhibited a very high ability to maintain cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis when exposed to high CaCl2 concentrations. It is postulated, therefore, that enhanced biocontrol activity by calcium is the result of direct inhibition of the pathogen by calcium ions on spore germination and metabolism and indirectly due to the ability of the biocontrol agent to maintain normal metabolism in the presence of high levels of calcium. The extracellular materials produced by P. guilliermondii in culture and on the fruit inhibited, at low concentrations, the pathogen in culture and reduced percent infection of the fruit. The direct inhibition of the pathogen by these materials may thus be involved in the mode of action of the antagonist. This study contributed to our knowledge on the action of calcium salts and the yeast antagonist extracellular materials on biocontrol activity and will contribute to a more efficient use of this technology in the control of postharvest diseases of fruits.

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Vivanpatarakij, Supawat. Performance improvement of integrated process of biomass gasification and reformer for green hydrogen production and reduction of CO2 emission by utilization of recycled CO2 as a gasitying agent : Final report. Chulalongkorn University, 2016. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2016.60.

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Using syngas as fossil fuel offers the benefit in term of suppress consumption of petroleum fuel. Gasification and reforming process can be used for syngas production. This work investigated the combined of gasifier and reformer process of charcoal with recycled CO2. The investigation was carried on both simulation and experimental. The simulation results show that carbon conversion depended on operating temperature. The effect of O2 in feed stream offered more heat obtained from process which optimum at O2/B = 0.2. At higher S/B in feed stream led to more H2 in syngas product. And the effect of CO2/B feed ratio affect on both of CO2 emr and syngas ratio. For feed ratio O2/S/CO2/B = 0.2/1/1/1 offered the highest Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) of 0.742. From experimental study, the operating temperature of 800 ºC was observed for the highest carbon conversion. For the effect of Ni/SiO2 catalysts, increasing Ni% loading offered more product gas due to the reforming reaction of gas product. Varying of O2/S/CO2/B feed ratio showed in similar trend of product gas mole fraction to the simulation result. For condition of CO2/B ratio = 0, provided the highest for syngas yield. However, using CO2 was beneficial in reducing GHG emissions and adjusting syngas ratio.

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Bibler, J. P. Mercury Volatility in the Presence of Reducing Agents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/780501.

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Vera, Jose, and Ken Evans. PR186-203600-Z01 Impact of Drag Reducing Agents on Corrosion Management. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012177.

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The purpose of this research was to understand the potential impact of drag reducing agents (DRA) on internal corrosion of liquid hydrocarbon pipelines. The first task of this project included a comprehensive review of literature and knowledge, both in public domain and from industry experience, on the effect of DRA on water and solid transport in liquid hydrocarbons, and possible interactions with other performance chemicals typically used in the oil and gas industry. This was the basis for defining the final bench test methodology and test matrix to be performed in the second task. A novel bench-top apparatus was designed based on a vertical Couette cell approach, and a test methodology was successfully implemented to evaluate the potential effect(s) of DRA on water accumulation and localized corrosion at the oil/water interface. A test matrix was conducted with two DRAs (a water based and an oil based) and two corrosion inhibitors (a water soluble and an oil soluble) at a given test condition (3.5% NaCl saturated with 97%CO2/3%O2, pH ~6 at 80 oF). There is a related webinar.

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Rossington, D. R., and L. J. Struble. Adsorption of high-range water-reducing agents on selected Portland cement phases and related materials. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4172.

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