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Ferdeen, Mats. "Reducing Energy Consumption Through Image Compression." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134335.
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The energy consumption to make the off-chip memory writing and readings are aknown problem. In the image processing field structure from motion simpler compressiontechniques could be used to save energy. A balance between the detected features suchas corners, edges, etc., and the degree of compression becomes a big issue to investigate.In this thesis a deeper study of this balance are performed. A number of more advancedcompression algorithms for processing of still images such as JPEG is used for comparisonwith a selected number of simpler compression algorithms. The simpler algorithms canbe divided into two categories: individual block-wise compression of each image andcompression with respect to all pixels in each image. In this study the image sequences arein grayscale and provided from an earlier study about rolling shutters. Synthetic data setsfrom a further study about optical flow is also included to see how reliable the other datasets are.Energikonsumtionen för att skriva och läsa till off-chip minne är ett känt problem. Inombildbehandlingsområdet struktur från rörelse kan enklare kompressionstekniker användasför att spara energi. En avvägning mellan detekterade features såsom hörn, kanter, etc.och grad av kompression blir då en fråga att utreda. I detta examensarbete har en djuparestudie av denna avvägning utförts. Ett antal mer avancerade kompressionsalgoritmer förbearbetning av stillbilder som tex. JPEG används för jämförelse med ett antal utvaldaenklare kompressionsalgoritmer. De enklare algoritmerna kan delas in i två kategorier:individuell blockvis kompression av vardera bilden och kompression med hänsyn tillsamtliga pixlar i vardera bilden. I studien är bildsekvenserna i gråskala och tillhandahållnafrån en tidigare studie om rullande slutare. Syntetiska data set från ytterligare en studie om’optical flow’ ingår även för att se hur pass tillförlitliga de andra dataseten är.
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Deng, Shuo. "Reducing 3G energy consumption on mobile devices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71496.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
The 3G wireless interface is a significant contributor to battery drain on mobile devices. This paper describes the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of methods to reduce the energy consumption of the 3G radio interface. The idea is to put the radio in its "Low-power idle" state when no application is likely to need the network for some duration of time in the future. We present two techniques, one to determine when to change the radio's state from "Active" to "Low-power idle", and the other to change the radio's state from "Low-power idle" to "Active". The technique for switching to Low-power idle mode is well-suited for the emerging "fast dormancy" [3, 4] primitive that will soon be common on smartphones. We demonstrate using an implementation and a trace-driven evaluation based on the measurement and trace collected from HTC GI and Samsung Nexus S phones over various combinations of seven different background applications that our methods reduce the energy consumption of the 3G interface by 36% on average compared to the currently deployed scheme on the T-mobile network. In addition, if applications are able to tolerate a delay of a few seconds when they initiate a session, our methods reduce energy consumption by 52% on average, with a mean increase in delay of 6.46 seconds.
by Shuo Deng.
S.M.
3
Ford, Rebecca. "Reducing domestic energy consumption through behaviour modification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ac11b371-82e3-4091-930c-ff0b28b9704e.
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This thesis presents the development of techniques which enable appliance recognition in an Advanced Electricity Meter (AEM) to aid individuals reduce their domestic electricity consumption. The key aspect is to provide immediate and disaggregated information, down to appliance level, from a single point of measurement. Three sets of features including the short term time domain, time dependent finite state machine behaviour and time of day are identified by monitoring step changes in the power consumption of the home. Associated with each feature set is a membership which depicts the amount to which that feature set is representative of a particular appliance. These memberships are combined in a novel framework to effectively identify individual appliance state changes and hence appliance energy consumption. An innovative mechanism is developed for generating short term time domain memberships. Hierarchical and nearest neighbour clustering is used to train the AEM by generating appliance prototypes which contain an indication of typical parameters. From these prototypes probabilistic fuzzy memberships and possibilistic fuzzy typicalities are calculated for new data points which correspond to appliance state changes. These values are combined in a weighted geometric mean to produce novel memberships which are determined to be appropriate for the domestic model. A voltage independent feature space in the short term time domain is developed based on a model of the appliance’s electrical interface. The components within that interface are calculated and these, along with an indication of the appropriate model, form a novel feature set which is used to represent appliances. The techniques developed are verified with real data and are 99.8% accurate in a laboratory based classification in the short term time domain. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates the ability of the AEM to accurately track the energy consumption of individual appliances.
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Herlich, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Reducing energy consumption of radio access networks / Matthias Herlich." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048130053/34.
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Jambli, Mohamad Nazim. "Reducing energy consumption in mobile ad-hoc sensor networks." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2624.
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Recent rapid development of wireless communication technologies and portable mobile devices such as tablets, smartphones and wireless sensors bring the best out of mobile computing, particularly Mobile Ad-hoc Sensor Networks (MASNETs). MASNETs are types of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) that are designed to consider energy in mind because they have severe resource constraints due to their lack of processing power, limited memory, and bandwidth as in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Hence, they have the characteristics, requirements, and limitations of both MANETs and WSNs. There are many potential applications of MASNETs such as a real-time target tracking and an ocean temperature monitoring. In these applications, mobility is the fundamental characteristic of the sensor nodes, and it poses many challenges to the routing algorithm. One of the greatest challenge is to provide a routing algorithm that is capable of dynamically changing its topology in the mobile environment with minimal consumption of energy. In MASNETs, the main reason of the topology change is because of the movement of mobile sensor nodes and not the node failure due to energy depletion. Since these sensor nodes are limited in power supply and have low radio frequency coverage, they easily lose their connection with neighbours, and face diffi culties in updating their routing tables. The switching process from one coverage area to another consumes more energy. This network must be able to adaptively alter the routing paths to minimize the effects of variable wireless link quality, topological changes, and transmission power levels on energy consumption of the network. Hence, nodes prefer to use as little transmission power as necessary and transmit control packets as infrequently as possible in energy constrained MASNETs. Therefore, in this thesis we propose a new dynamic energy-aware routing algorithm based on the trans- mission power control (TPC). This method effectively decreases the average percentage of packet loss and reduces the average total energy consumption which indirectly pro- long the network lifetime of MASNETs. To validate the proposed protocol, we ran the simulation on the Avrora simulator and varied speed, density, and route update interval of mobile nodes. Finally, the performance of the proposed routing algorithm was measured and compared against the basic Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing algorithm in MASNETs.
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Menthon, Maxence, and Migom Léa Van. "Reducing energy consumption of refrigerators byusing the outside temperature." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28241.
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Nowadays, many electrical appliances are used daily. The refrigerator is one of them. Consequently, by affecting the energy used by the refrigerator, a huge amount of energy, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and money can be saved. It is what this thesis tries to do by applying a concept: using the cold from outside. Indeed, this report exposes the process to answer the following question: How much energy, GHG emissions and money can be saved by using the cold from outside on the refrigerating appliances? To do so, measurements have been done on a refrigerator placed in a climate chamber. The experiment procedure is inspired by the Swedish standard of energy consumption testing in order to have the most relevant results as possible. The results of the measures were then used to create a mathematical modelling. And finally, by applying the modelling at different climate of the world represented by chosen cities, calculations were made to estimate the energy, GHG emissions and money savings which can be done thanks to this concept.
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Cocks, R. J. "The potential for reducing energy use in UK agriculture." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372542.
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Krones, Manuela, and Egon Müller. "An Approach for Reducing Energy Consumption in Factories by Providing Suitable Energy Efficiency Measures." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-152052.
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Energy efficiency has developed into an important objective for industrial enterprises. However, there is still a need for systematic approaches to reduce energy consumption in factories. Existing methods focus on the optimization of manufacturing processes and lack upon considering the entire factory system. Additionally, they are based on a detailed quantitative analysis of processes and thus, they need a high effort during the phase of data acquisition. Therefore, an approach for reducing energy consumption by providing energy efficiency measures to factory planning participants was developed in order to overcome these barriers. The general approach is described in this paper and supported with a use case that demonstrates the required information and possible outcomes in terms of energy efficiency information. Main advantages of this approach are reducing the effort to acquire energy data and the possibility to consider the factory system holistically.
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Nikitovic, Mladen. "Reducing Energy Consumption through Adaptive Shutdown Scheduling on a Chip-Multiprocessor." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1774.
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There is seemingly a never-ending consumer demand for mobileterminals such as cellular phones and personal digitalassistants (PDAs). Each new generation of terminals comes withmore elaborate functions than in the previous generation. Thistrend results in a higher performance demand on the computerarchitecture that performs the required computations within theterminal. To satisfy the projected requirements on cominggenerations of mobile terminals, we propose an architecturethat when intelligently managed can provide the necessaryperformance at low power and energy consumption. Thisarchitecture, a chip-multiprocessor (CMP), thus amulti-processor implemented on a single chip, has incombination with adaptive scheduling strategies the potentialto efficiently fullfill future requirements.
This licentiate thesis spans over several studies done onthe effectiveness of the adaptive CMP. In our studies, we haveshown that an adaptive CMP can satisfy the same performancerequirements as a comparable uni-processor, still consumingless power and energy. Furthermore, we have made an effort toaccurately model the workload behaviour of mobile terminals,which is of paramount importance when comparing candidatearchitectures. In the future, apart from proposing moreadaptive scheduling techniques, we expect to do more thoroughstudies on workload modeling as well as on the operating systeminfluence on the overall performance and power consumption.
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Michaelis, Peter. "Reducing resource consumption in the UK steel sector : an exergy analysis." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842698/.
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This study has investigated the use of exergy analysis when applied to the UK steel sector. The aim has been twofold: to assess whether exergy analysis provides greater insight into physical processes at this level than conventional thermodynamic analyses; and whether it can be used to identify ways that this sector has reduced its impact on the environment in the past, and how this might continue in the future. An overview of the issues surrounding resource consumption and waste generation and their relationship to the steel sector are given [Chapter 1]. The theory behind exergy analysis is then reviewed and its relevance to reducing resource use and waste minimisation examined [Chapter 2]. An exergy analysis was performed on all the processes within the steel sector [Chapters 3 & 4] and the reasons for thermodynamic inefficiencies discussed. Based on these analyses, exergy analysis was found to be superior to other methods in describing some, but not all, processes when compared with two forms of energy analysis [Chapter 5]. This is due to fact that exergy includes an account of entropy which quantifies thermodynamic quality. It was shown that reducing the exergy consumption of the steel sector leads to a reduction in resource use and to some extent will lead to a reduction in the emission of pollutants. Two different systems which could represent the UK steel sector were investigated to determine which best fitted the aims of the study [Chapter 6]. The first system was based on all processes within the UK which were linked to the use of steel; the second was based on all processes, regardless of location, which were linked to the use of steel in the UK. It was found that for the steel sector at least, there was little difference in the exergy consumption of each system, although these were structurally quite different. Finally a system was chosen to represent the UK steel sector which best suited the needs of the study. This system was used to examine the evolution of the steel sector from 1954-1994, detailing all the main steel and scrap flows, the exergy consumption in; mining, transport, steel production and scrap processing, the effects of trade and the role of manufacture and product use in generating scrap [Chapter 7]. It was found that the exergy consumption of the UK steel sector has fallen twofold in this time period, indicating a large reduction in resource consumption. Based on past evolution, scenarios for possible futures of the steel sector were constructed [Chapter 8]. These showed that from 1994 to 2019 substantial reductions in the exergy consumption of the sector are possible (between 15% and 72% of 1994 levels by 2019) through changes to: the overall demand for steel goods, the technology of steel production and the mix of steel production methods.
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Combe, Nicola. "Reducing domestic energy conusmption through inclusive interface design." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7172.
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With housing in the UK responsible for over a quarter of all building related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the impact of occupant behaviour on such emissions. One area where occupant behaviour contributes largely towards emissions is space heating within domestic buildings. Despite technological improvements in the efficiency of heating systems, controls have become increasingly complex. Hence, there is a need to enable people to use their heating controls effectively in order to help reduce the associated CO2 emissions. This research found that significant numbers of people were excluded from using digital programmable thermostats, in particular people over 50 years old. The first study examined the scale of exclusion relating to digital programmable thermostats installed at a specific housing development. A second study explored in detail the reasons for exclusion from successfully programming a range of digital programmable thermostats. This was an in-depth usability study of heating controls that focused on the usability issues experienced by older people and was published in the Journal of Engineering Design. Based upon the outcomes of the first two studies a more inclusive heating control interface prototype was developed. The prototype demonstrated a reduction in both cognitive demands and associated user exclusion. Task success rates increased by 56.3% amongst older participants, and detailed energy modelling indicated that energy savings of 14.5-15.6% annually could be achievable. This work suggests that a more inclusive heating control interface could enable energy savings in the region of 15% through reducing the cognitive demands. Furthermore, this research challenges the existing paradigm and shows that inclusive design research may contribute to sustainable development in an environmental, as well as social, capacity.
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Booysen, Walter. "Reducing energy consumption on RSA mines through optimised compressor control / Walter Booysen." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4094.
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South Africa experienced a severe shortfall in electricity supply during 2008.
Eskom, the national electricity supplier, implemented several strategies to alleviate
the situation. The Power Conservation Programme set the mining sector a
mandatory target to reduce its annual power consumption by 10%. The quickest
way to achieve these savings is by optimising the largest power consumers on the
mines. Compressed air is one of these, constituting approximately 40% of total
electricity consumption on platinum mines.
Several methods to reduce power consumption on compressed air systems were
investigated. The investigation revealed that centrifugal air compressors on the
mines are typically manually operated at a fixed delivery output. Attempts to
reduce electricity consumption by reducing air demand will therefore not
necessarily lead to savings. A control system that will enable the compressor to
automatically match the supply with system demand is required. An optimised
control strategy was then developed and implemented on three compressed air
systems. Measurements demonstrated savings between 13% and 49%. With the Eskom
tariffs proposed for 2010, this implies a total saving of R 46 million per year for
these three case studies. This will achieve, and may even exceed, the mandatory
reduction in electricity consumption of the mines. These results demonstrate that
one of the quickest ways to reduce energy consumption on South African mines is
by implementing optimised compressor controls.Thesis (M.Ing. (Electrical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010
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Roberts, Erin Mared. "Reducing energy consumption in everyday life : a study of landscapes of energy consumption in rural households and communities in North Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/95669/.
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Despite governmental efforts to constrain residential energy consumption over recent decades, energy use within our homes accounts for a third of overall British energy use, and its share is steadily rising. Much of the existing academic and policy literature surrounding household energy consumption has revolved around developing more energy efficient technologies and buildings, as well as encouraging households to purchase those more efficient technologies. Conversely, less attention has been paid to the ways in which these technologies and homes are actually used, and how this influences a household’s energy consumption. Understanding how and why people use energy in the ways that they do, and how this varies according to spatial and temporal context, is critical to gaining an insight into the ways in which we might foster change and ultimately reduce domestic energy demand. In particular, this thesis sheds light on the dynamics of household energy demand in the rural sphere. This thesis draws on the accounts of 11 households in ‘deep’ rural Gwynedd that were recruited on the basis of their composition, ranging from single-person households, young families and emptying nests, in order to explore how consumption practices are patterned through the lifecourse. By employing practice theory, and combining it with concepts from geographical and life-course perspectives; the thesis produces rich, spatio-temporal and relational accounts of how household energy use has changed – or remained the same - through time. This necessarily meant engaging with things that matter to people – be that through valued relationships with places, significant others or with things. The ways in which we consume are necessarily connected to ideas about who to be and how to live, and as such, may be deeply connected to people’s identities. This has particular implications for policy interventions in that practices bound up with valued identities and ideals may prove resistant to change.
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Engblom, Lisa A. (Lisa Allison). "Scenario analysis of retrofit strategies for reducing energy consumption in Norwegian office buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36237.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 218-224).
Model buildings were created for simulation to describe typical office buildings from different construction periods. A simulation program was written to predict the annual energy consumption of the buildings in their original state and after performing retrofit projects. A scenario analysis was performed to determine the most effective retrofit techniques. This information was used to determine to what degree the national energy consumption of office buildings could be reduced through demand side management. The results of the analysis showed that it was possible to reduce the annual energy consumption of the office buildings to a minimum of about 70 km,. If all buildings in the country were to perform these retrofits, the total energy consumption of office buildings would be reduced by about 75%. The most economical choices of retrofit projects for reducing energy consumption were elements of the controls system and the HVAC system. Retrofits to the windows were also beneficial though more costly. Retrofits to the other facade elements and the other energy services system were shown to produce small changes in annual energy consumption for the required investment cost.
by Lisa A. Engblom.
S.M.
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Albutov, Alexey. "Reducing Energy Consumption through Optimization of the Operating Conditions of the Gas Trunk Pipeline." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131125.
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Gas supplying process for consumers needs sufficient share of energy for upstream, midstream and downstream purposes. In spite of a huge amount of great investments into the industry it is still available to improve the efficiency of energy usage inside the industry. The biggest share of energy consumption is within transportation sector. Optimization of operating conditions of gas pipeline is a one of the cheapest ways for reducing energy consumption. Optimization doesn’t need any investments into the industry. It works only within operating parameters. Adjustable operating parameters of a gas pipeline are operative pressure, rotation speed of compressors, amount of operating units, gas temperature after a compressor station and others. The energy consumption depends on the combination of the parameters which determine an appropriate operation mode to provide the particular gas flow through a pipeline, the maximum capacity, the minimum energy consumption and others. From energy saving point of view it is possible to reduce energy demand in the gas industry due to optimization of the operation mode. A few approaches to achieving energy reduction through optimization are investigated in this work and presented in this article, such as saving energy through changing of loading between compressor stations, varying the depth of gas cooling and changing the loading of gas pumping units. The results of analyzing inside the study model reflect the possibility for improving efficiency of gas trunk pipelines.
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Leung, Lap-Fai. "Reducing energy consumption of single and multiple processors core systems using dynamic voltage scheduling /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202003%20LEUNGL.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Vassberg, Gustav, and Jacob Blixt. "Reducing the Energy Consumption within the Retail Industry : A Case Study of Scania, Prestons." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388692.
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The importance of reducing the energy consumption and commit towards sustainability efforts has become increasingly important for organizations to consider. Often, managers rely on technology to reduce the energy consumption within facilities. The importance of the behaviour of people within the facility is often overlooked. This thesis focus on investigating how the retail industry in Australia can reduce its energy consumption by changing the behaviours of employees within the facilities. In order to answer how the retail industry can reduce its consumption the following research questions was established: - What processes contributes to the energy consumption at a retail facility? - How does occupant behaviour affect the energy consumption at a retail facility? - How does internal influence barriers for an organization affect the energy consumption within a retail facility? The following master thesis of 30 ECTS is a qualitative, explorative case study conducted at one of Scanias facilities in Prestons, Sydney. With roughly 80 employees and 12 workshop bays. Primary data have been collected from semi-structured interviews, observations and survey questions. The results showed that behaviour are influenced by many drivers and personal values are often not a good predictor of behaviour. Internal barriers occurring in the facility are lack of vision, people, communication, resource and management. Furthermore, norms and behavioural practices change along with the change of environment. Conversations about energy and sharing of energy-efficient experiences and knowledge are not occurring in the facility. However, there is a strong willingness and desire to change and to develop more efficient behaviours at the facility in Sydney. Lastly, occupant behaviour such as lack of communication, turning off the lights or AC and not turning off their computers are the biggest contributors to the energy being consumed in a retail facility.
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Bauer, Michael, Andrea Höltl, and Roman Brandtweiner. "Greener households? The effectiveness of smart meters in reducing energy consumption levels in the DACH region." WIT Press, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5886/1/SDP130209f.pdf.
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With public opinion shifting to a believe in climate change in the early 2000s the interest in energy
efficiency has been increasing. EU Directives set the goal of deploying smart meters if cost efficient for
providing more detailed energy consumption. The main goal is to better inform consumers and to give
individual households the power to change possibly energy wasting behaviours. This paper evaluates
through a literature review the effectiveness of intelligent electricity metering systems with a focus on
the DACH region, the provision of different types of feedback and its persistence. It can be concluded
that energy feedback enabled by smart meters can lead to savings in the range of 0% to 4.5% in this
region. If feedback is provided continuously savings persist. However, several aspects have to be considered
to ensure effectiveness of smart meter deployment.
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Stillwater, Tai. "Comprehending Consumption: The Behavioral Basis and Implementation of Driver Feedback for Reducing Vehicle Energy Use." UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, 2012. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3482322.
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Darroman, Yann. "Reducing the energy consumption of battery-powered products by the use of switched-mode techniques." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398535.
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Chikhi, Yacine. "Reducing the Hot Spot Effect in Wireless Sensor Networks with the Use of Mobile Data Sink." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/365.
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The Hot Spot effect is an issue that reduces the network lifetime considerably. The network on the field forms a tree structure in which the sink represents the root and the furthest nodes in the perimeter represent the leaves. Each node collects information from the environment and transmits data packets to a "reachable" node towards the sink in a multi-hop fashion. The closest nodes to the sink not only transmit their own packets but also the packets that they receive from "lower" nodes and therefore exhaust their energy reserves and die faster than the rest of the network sensors. We propose a technique to allow the data sink to identify nodes severely suffering from the Hot Spot effect and to move beyond these nodes. We will explore the best trajectory that the data sink should follow. Performance results are presented to support our claim of superiority for our scheme.
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Liu, Ya. "Effects of shelterbelt trees on reducing energy consumption of space heating for office buildings in Scotland." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/174.
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Glesser, David. "Road to exascale : improving scheduling performances and reducing energy consumption with the help of end-users." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM044/document.
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Le domaine du calcul haute performance (i.e. la science des super-calculateurs)est caractérisé par l’évolution continuelle des architectures de calcul, la proliférationdes ressources de calcul et la complexité croissante des problèmes que les utilisateursveulent résoudre. Un des logiciels les plus importants de la pile logicielle dessupercalculateurs est le Système de Gestion des Ressources et des Tâches. Il est lelien entre la charge de travail donnée par les utilisateurs et la plateforme de calcul. Cetype de logiciels spécialisés fournit des fonctions pour construire, soumettre, planifieret surveiller les tâches dans un environnent de calcul complexe et dynamique.Pour pouvoir atteindre des supercalculateurs exaflopiques, de nouvelles con-traintes et objectifs ont été inventés. Cette thèse développe et teste l’idée que lesutilisateurs de ces systèmes peuvent aider à atteindre l’échelle exaflopique. Spé-cifiquement, nous montrons des techniques qui utilisent les comportements desutilisateurs pour améliorer la consommation énergétique et les performances glob-ales des supercalculateurs.Pour tester ces nouvelles techniques, nous avons besoin de nouveaux outils etméthodes qui sont capables d’aller jusqu’à l’échelle exaflopique. Nous proposonsdonc des outils qui permettent de tester de nouveaux algorithmes capables des’exécuter sur ces systèmes. Ces outils sont capables de fonctionner sur de petitssupercalculateurs en émulant ou simulant des systèmes plus puissants. Après avoirévalué différentes techniques pour mesurer l’énergie dans les supercalculateurs, nousproposons une nouvelle heuristique, basée sur un algorithme répandu (Easy Backfill-ing), pour pouvoir contrôler la puissance électrique de ces énormes systèmes. Nousmontrons aussi comment, en utilisant la même méthode, contrôler la consommationénergétique pendant une période de temps. Le mécanisme proposé peut limiterla consommation énergétique tout en gardant des performances satisfaisantes. Sil’énergie est une ressource limitée, il faut la partager équitablement. Nous présen-tons de plus un mécanisme permettant de partager la consommation énergétiqueentre les utilisateurs. Nous soutenons que cette méthode va motiver les utilisateursà réduire la consommation énergétique de leurs calculs. Finalement, nous analysonsle comportement actuel et passé des utilisateurs pour améliorer les performancesdes supercalculateurs. Cette approche non seulement surpasse les performances destravaux existants, mais aussi ouvre la voie à l’utilisation de méthodes semblablesdans d’autres aspects des Systèmes de Gestion des Ressources et des TâchesThe field of High Performance Computing (HPC) is characterized by the contin-uous evolution of computing architectures, the proliferation of computing resourcesand the increasing complexity of applications users wish to solve. One of the mostimportant software of the HPC stack is the Resource and Job Management System(RJMS) which stands between the user workloads and the platform, the applica-tions and the resources. This specialized software provides functions for building,submitting, scheduling and monitoring jobs in a dynamic and complex computingenvironment.In order to reach exaflops HPC systems, new constraints and objectives havebeen introduced. This thesis develops and tests the idea that the users of suchsystems can help reaching the exaflopic scale. Specifically, we show and introducenew techniques that employ users behaviors to improve energy consumption andoverall cluster performances.To test the proposed techniques, we need to develop new tools and method-ologies that scale up to large HPC clusters. Thus, we designed adequate tools thatassess new RJMS scheduling algorithms of such large systems. These tools areable to run on small clusters by emulating or simulating bigger platforms. Afterevaluating different techniques to measure the energy consumption of HPC clusters,we propose a new heuristic, based on the popular Easy Backfilling algorithm, inorder to control the power consumption of such huge systems. We also demonstrate,using the same idea, how to control the energy consumption during a time period.The proposed mechanism is able to limit the energy consumption while keepingsatisfying performances. If energy is a limited resource, it has to be shared fairly.We also present a mechanism which shares energy consumption among users. Weargue that sharing fairly the energy among users should motivate them to reducethe energy consumption of their applications. Finally, we analyze past and presentbehaviors of users using learning algorithms in order to improve the performancesof the parallel platforms. This approach does not only outperform state of the artmethods, it also shows promising insight on how such method can improve otheraspects of RJMS
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Chu, Lai-yan, and 朱麗恩. "Effectiveness of energy labeling in restaurant menu in reducing calorie in food selection and consumption : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206917.
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Background
Obesity was known to be caused by imbalance in energy in food consumption and energy output in daily activities. It has become a public health epidemic all over the world. Obesity associated diseases has brought large burden on the healthcare systems. Morbidity and mortality related to obesity are increasing. Overconsumption of calorie from away-home-food has a large contribution to the epidemic. Dining out frequently is associated with overconsumption of calorie in food selected and intake, in which its popularity is on the rise. Calorie labeling on restaurant menus has got mixed evidence on reducing calorie in food selection and consumption. This paper aims to review and synthesize relevant evidence among randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of energy labeling in restaurant menu and total energy in food purchase and consumption so that possible causal relationship could be inferred and implications on future researches and policies could be provided.
Methods
A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library to locate relevant articles in English that examined the effectiveness of calorie labeling on energy reduction in food selection and consumption from 1966 to 30 June 2014.
Results
Twelve RCTs were included, with most of them (nine studies) conducted in the US. Overall, all the studies evaluated the effectiveness of calorie labeling on energy in food selection, 4 RCTs involved evaluated the effectiveness of calorie labeling on energy in food consumption. Studies were categorized into groups of real, laboratory and simulated settings for comparisons. In total, eight out of twelve RCTs revealed a significant calorie reduction in food selection with energy labeling, with proportional calorie reduction ranging from 8.3% to 36.7%. While in evaluating the effectiveness of calorie labeling on food consumption, three out of the four RCTs showed a significant calorie reduction in the intervention group, with proportional energy reduction ranging from 6.2% to 11.4%. One RCT showed a significant increase in calorie consumption after the study meal. Six of the 12 studies had recruited normal weight participants, and they found mixed results in calorie reduction of food selection with energy labeling, while 4 RCTs recruited averagely overweight participants and found significant calorie reduction in food selection. This difference in effectiveness of calorie labeling among various weight status of participants suggested that this policy would be more effective in secondary prevention of obesity rather than primary prevention.
There was more evidence showing that calorie labeling is effective on reducing calorie in food selection in consumption in this systematic review among studies reviewing calorie reduction in food selection and consumption at a short period of time.
Conclusions
Mandating calorie labeling on restaurant menus could possibly reduce the energy in food selection and consumption. A minimal reduction in calorie in food selection and consumption might possibly bring a large population benefit. However, more scientifically rigorous researches were called for a longer exposure period of time to evaluate its sustainability in altering people's eating behaviour.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Rollins, Nathaniel Hatley. "Reducing Power in FPGA Designs Through Glitch Reduction." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1707.pdf.
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Mafimisebi, Blessing Ibukun. "A model for reducing energy consumption in existing office buildings : a case for Nigeria and United Kingdom building owners & facilities managers." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2017. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/702574/.
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The study investigated critical factors that affect office building energy performance in Nigeria compared to the UK; and developed an assessment and benchmarking framework for identifying appropriate operational, technical and behavioural solutions to improve energy performance of existing buildings. The mixed methods, multiple-case study approach was adopted for collecting energy used data from selected ten existing office buildings in both countries. A literature review was used to established worldwide view on factors influencing building energy performance. The selected factors were transformed into theoretical framework variables. These variables were further translated into an operational sustainability as an audit tool for establishing initial cases’ energy performance assessment. Operational energy data from case buildings were collected via: electricity bills, meter readings and fuels’ receipts/ invoices. Also, three online questionnaire surveys: a post occupancy evaluation for the assessment of comfort and energy performance of the ten buildings; a survey of facilities managers’ perception of managerial, operational and technical issues; and a model validation survey for confirmation of established factors from earlier two surveys, was employed. Likewise, a one-on-one semi-structured interview was utilised for owners/ managing directors and facilities managers of case buildings. Whilst, Structural equation modelling, analysis based on the validation survey, was employed to examine the dependencies and interdependencies of the critical factors. The IBM, SPSS 22 and AMOS 23 were used for the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis based on maximum likelihood estimations; which produced validated measurement and structural models. The study identified 52 critical factors that were transformed into 17 most critical factors impacting building energy performance in Nigeria and UK. The model identified new indicators for building energy performance; and established causality between building energy performance, management policy, operations and strategic driver as standard metrics for building energy efficiency assessment and benchmark. Likewise, it established a strong network of strategic drivers underpinned by strategic sustainability policy/ facilities management as mediator. The Nigeria buildings’ performance was found to depend largely on the context in which they operate in apart from the weather. Whereas, validity of climate variability as a critical factor of the UK case buildings’ energy performance was established. Institutionalised regulatory framework is suggested for Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa countries as a control measure. The building energy performance model and its operational sustainability tool could be used as energy assessment and benchmark. It serves as a dashboard that encapsulates the energy efficiency performance and the absolute impacts of intervening factors. Finally, it presents insight into a critical path for intervention schemes as implemented; and the use of the strategic sustainability policy/ facilities management as mediation for improving building energy performance.
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Chavez, J. G. "The potential of beam core daylighting for reducing the energy consumption of artificial lighting and air-conditioning in hot/arid regions of Mexico." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233845.
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Dudarev, Ivan. "Development and Implementation of Energy Savings and Energy Management Methodology in an Industrial Enterprise." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234357.
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V současné době se problematika energetických úspor dostává do popředí zájmu jak na úrovni jednotlivých podniků, tak i na úrovni celého státu. Často bývá příčinou sporů ve vědeckých kruzích i mezi odborníky z praxe. Lidstvo tradičně začalo využívat energii z minerálních přírodních zdrojů, které však ve srovnání s obnovitelnými zdroji energie mají omezení. Výzkum a implementace moderních technologií jsou ztíženy otázkou investic a časově omezeny. Proto se evropská strategie energetické bezpečnosti zaměřuje na energetickou účinnost, která je jedním z nejefektivnějších způsobů zlepšení bezpečnosti spotřeby energie. Velké společnosti a podniky jsou jedním z hlavních spotřebitelů energie. Proto je tato vědecká práce zaměřena na problematiku úspor energie a zlepšování energetické účinnosti podniku. Těžiště práce spočívá ve vytvoření a zavedení metodiky pro úsporu energie a managementu hospodaření s energií ve výrobním procesu automobilového podniku. Dále je pro účely této práce vytvořen a popsán způsob vizualizace spotřeby energie v prostředí virtuální reality
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Mašková, Pavla. "Posouzení ekonomické efektivnosti pasivního domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240438.
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The Master thesis is focused on rating the specifics of passive houses and assessment whether the energy savings in the operation of passive house will cover the increased cost of construction. The theoretical part deals with the history and development of passive houses, application of natural materials, sustainable resources of energy and indicators for the evaluation of economic efficiency. The practical part describes passive and standard house. On the standard house, there is processed financial plan. Reference objects are compared, followed by evaluation of the return on the additional costs of the passive house.
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SILVA, Fabiano de Miranda. "Política adaptativa de gerenciamento dinâmico de energia baseada em timeout para interfaces de rede sem fio." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/552.
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As interfaces de rede estão presentes em uma variedade de sistemas computacionais alimentados à bateria, tais como tais como notebooks, ultrabooks, tablets e smartphones. Considerando-se que a vida útil da bateria é uma limitação, há oportunidades para o gerenciamento de energia reduzindo-se o consumo de energia de interfaces de rede ociosas. Neste trabalho, uma política adaptativa de gerenciamento de energia baseada em time out para interfaces de rede é apresentada, incorporando a estimativa da carga de trabalho e um problema de otimização em tempo de execução, proporcionando economia de energia e desempenho adequado.
Network interfaces are present in a variety of battery powered computer systems, such as notebooks, ultrabooks, tablets and mobile phones. Considering that the battery life is still a constraint, there are opportunities for power management by reducing the power consumption of idle network interfaces. In this work, a dynamic timeout power policy for network interfaces is presented, incorporating workload estimation and a problem optimization at runtime,thus providing power savings and suitable performance.
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Lo, Kung-Nan, and 羅孔男. "Reducing BTB Energy Consumption Using Dynamic Profiling." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35g77f.
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碩士國立中興大學
資訊科學系所
94
As the pipeline length increases, the accuracy in a branch- prediction gets critical to overall performance. The power consumption of branch prediction is larger to overall processor’s power. In some case, it’s more over 10% of all processor’s power consumption. In this paper, we use dynamic profiling to trace the taken branch for our low power design. We use some accumulators, registers, estimator to decreasing the numbers of lookup BTB in our design. The power saving of our design on lookup BTB is 88.65% on average.
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Widaya, Ristu, and 希蘇葳. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DOUBLE WALL IN REDUCING BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75658274992349889134.
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碩士國立中央大學
營建管理研究所
102
In recent years, global warming and recklessness of the energy has significant attention to be avoided. Building is one of the biggest energy consumer and largest contributors to the increase of CO2. Double wall is one of the building element method which became popular to utilized in recent years. Several studies mentioned this method can be reduced the impact of fluctuative temperature. Although some of the studies have been done to prove that this method can be reduced the air temperature and cooling energy demand, the particular application of double wall with the regularity among materials, air gaps and other parameters such as buildings side orientation are no attention to date. Hence, it may raise the question, which double-wall combination can work as its optimum to reduce cooling energy demand. Based on these background issue, this study aim is to investigate the optimum combination of materials and air gaps of double wall in terms of reducing cooling energy consumption and also to investigate the impact of the buildings side orientation in double wall utilization. In order to determine these result, this study was simulated by using EnergyPlus in DesignBuilder software. The result obtained that double wall utilization with combination between double block and 100mm air gap in all of the building sides was given the significant impact into cooling energy consumption reduction up to 31,90% in a year. Double wall utilization is depending on the buildings side orientation because of the different amount of solar heat gain. U-value of the materials are also affected into the double wall performance. The cooling energy consumption reduction is inversely proportional by the increasing the air gap width. But, by increasing air gap of 100mm width or above is only help the percentage of reduction in smaller amount.
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Chen, Yi-Ting, and 陳怡婷. "Optimal Chiller Loading by differential evolution algorithm for Reducing Energy Consumption." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4486z2.
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博士國立臺北科技大學
機電科技研究所
99
The Optimal Chiller Loading (OCL) method includes Average Loading Method (AVL), Lagrangian Method (LGM), Genetic Algorithm(GA) and Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO) at present. Although the Genetic Algorithm method can overcome disadvantages that LGM can not obtain the analytic solution in the low-load, it is very complicated and difficult to make the coding of program. GA method is unable to find the optimal solutions. This study employs differential evolution algorithm to solve the optimal chiller loading problem for reducing energy consumption. To testify the performance of the proposed method, the paper adopts two case studies to compare the results of the developed optimal model with those of the Lagrangian method, genetic algorithm and particle swarm algorithm. The result shows that the proposed differential evolution algorithm can find the optimal solution as the particle swarm algorithm can, but obtain better average solutions. Moreover, it not only outperforms the genetic algorithm in finding optimal solution, but also overcomes the non-solutions of analytic solution, which caused by the Lagrangian method occurring at low demands. Therefore, this study uses the Lagrangian method with the on-off strategy to obtain the analytic solution in the low-load. However, the complicated computation process will not be suitable for the multiple-chiller system.
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Lin, Lung-Chieh, and 林龍杰. "Optimal Chiller Loading by Particle Swarm Algorithm for Reducing Energy Consumption." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/533cwu.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
95
The Optimal Chiller Loading (OCL) method includes Average Loading (AVL)method, Lagrangian Multiplier Method(LGM) method and Genetic Algorithm(GA) method at present. These methods all have several disadvantages. Although the Genetic Algorithm method can overcome disadvantages that Lagrangian Multiplier Method can not converge in the low-load, it is very complicated and difficult to make the coding of program. Genetic Algorithm method is unable to find the optimal solutions. The paper presents a method by using Particle Swarm algorithm to improve these defects. Particle Swarm Algorithm can not only improve disadvantages that Lagrangian Multiplier Method can not converge in the low-load, but also solve problems that Genetic Algorithm method is unable to find the optimal solutions. This study employs the Particle Swarm Algorithm to solve the optimal chiller loading problem. The energy consumption is considered as the objective function, and the partial loading ratio of each chiller is considered as the optimum parameter. From the result of two case studies, the Particle Swarm algorithm overcomes the flaw of Largrangian Multiplier Method which the system may not converge at low demands, and reduces the energy consumption more comparing with Genetic Algorithm.
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Wu, Yueh-Lung, and 吳岳龍. "The Grouping Transmission Protocol of Wireless SensorNetwork for Reducing Node Energy Consumption." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56566042107610494983.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
資訊與通訊系碩士班
98
In recent years, the development of the micro-manufacture, communication and battery technologies has reduced the size of the communication equipment. We can compose the sensor, wireless communication, and data processing units into a sensor node which is the basis of WSN. A WSN contains a large number of sensor nodes. Since the size of the sensor node is small, the size of its battery is also limited. Moreover, after the sensor nodes are deployed, the batteries of sensor nodes are difficult to replace or to recharge. Therefore, how to extend sensor node lifetime are very important in the WSN. This study is to improve the transmission of wireless sensor network data path to reduce energy consumption. In LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is based on cluster structure, LEACH selects the CHs by probability in each round, the actual number of CHs with the expected number maybe different. SGCH (Steady Group Clustering Hierarchy) is based on LEACH to improve the CH selection algorithm by grouping the nodes. In SGCH, the number of groups is equal to the number of expected CHs and the energy of each group is the same to balancing the energy load of WSN. In this paper, we modify the grouping scheme of SGCH, we consider the ration of energy for groups is according to the distance of each group between BS. The total energy of a group is used in place of the fixed member number of a group. A simple distance ratio is also used to determine the total energy of a group. We allocated more energy to the farthest group, the higher energy group can organize a number of sensor nodes can be more, so we can have more choice of sensor nodes to cluster head, therefore the energy load can be evenly distributed in all of sensor nodes. In the simulations, we compare the proposed method with LEACH, SEP, DEEC, SGCH and GCHRE with different environment of WSN. The simulation results, performance of the proposed method is the best when the BS is located outside the multi-level heterogeneous WSN topology. Our proposed method compared with LEACH, increased 91% network lifetime and packets received of BS. We can see that Group method suitable for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.
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Yeh, Shiun Huei, and 葉焄慧. "An PCLIRS-based Dynamic Data Migration Scheme for Reducing the Main Memory Energy Consumption." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b3nvxv.
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碩士國立中興大學
資訊科學與工程學系所
100
Nowadays, with the tremendous demand for high speed computing, hardware components will be released new versions in every quarter. Current trends in support of memory limit increase the demand for larger physical memory, resulting in the memory subsystem consuming a significant portion of system’s energy. When the bank doesn’t access in memory, it will be put in a lower-power operating mode to reduce energy consumption. In this thesis, we propose an efficient buffer cache data management scheme that migrates cold blocks into the same bank. Thus, the bank has more opportunity to be a victim bank. When buffer cache size is small, the bank usually be a victim bank to avoid resynchronization cost. In contrast, when hit ratio becomes larger, since the bank contains the cold blocks, it will usually be put in a powerdown mode. We have simulated out data migration scheme on the basis of PCLIRS buffer cache replacement scheme. Our simulation shows that the proposed mechanisms are not only decreasing energy consumption but also reducing delay time.
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Liu, Ming-Yueh, and 劉明岳. "Research for reducing the energy consumption using Markov Chain Model in LTE DRX mechanism." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6d3556.
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碩士國立東華大學
電機工程學系
100
With the development of science and technology, communication technology is also under progress. Since 1980’s from now, the 4G system developed from 1G to 4G.Mobile device turns into an indispensible product for life and most of mobile phone could link on net. Also, not only can make a phone call but also could send data up to the net and other business offer. Now Mobil device has made a breakthrough in broadband transmission, however Mobil device still has battery problem when increase transmission. The topic is how to increase the battery using time in limited Battery capacity.This research is using the combination of DTMC (Discrete Time Markov Chain) model and 802.16e Type I power saving model in DRX Power Saving Mechanism of LTE system. Using above two ways, could extend the time of turn off RF, to describe it can make traditional LTE DRX Mechanism’s Energy conservation efficiency better or not. In addition increase the battery using time. Mobil device has longer using time.
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Wahyuni, Irma, and 吳怡柔. "The effect of eco-roof in reducing energy consumption: case study of building in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v8537d.
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碩士國立中央大學
營建管理研究所
102
Eco-roof is green construction structure consisting of medium soil and plants on top of a building. This research is motivated by the fact that forests and agricultural lands are replaced with impervious surfaces due to urban development in Taiwan, the countermeasures of the green-act should be done soon in order to preserve the health of the environment. Eco-roof technology is one of the appropriate response to cope with this issue. Establishing plant material on rooftops provide numerous ecological and economic benefits including mitigate urban heat island effect, control storm water run-off, reduce sound reflection and transmission, and lower heating and cooling costs, as well as sustain local wildlife. The main objective of this research is to model the influence of eco-roof retrofitting in term of annual energy reduction for a whole building in Taiwan through case study. The method use in this thesis involve whole building simulation model for residential and institutional building. Different type of eco-roof, soil thickness and distinct section assignment of the plant on the roof are parameters used for this research. Results show that different thickness do not directly affect annual energy consumption in the building but more likely has an indirect effect to energy reduction in relation to plants’ selection, in the other word, the larger types of plants the ticker soil need to be applied. Intensive type with the thinner soil layer gives better insulation compare to extensive and even for bare roof. Plants selection and eco-roof coverage design are the biggest factors to lower energy consumption, in this study cases for 5-storey institutional building could reduce energy as much as 24-36% and for 11-storey residential building decrease energy demand around 6-11%.
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Fereidani, Nazanin Azimi. "Design of residential complexes with emphasize on the role of roof on reducing energy consumption." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/90489.
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Documentos apresentados no âmbito do reconhecimento de graus e diplomas estrangeirosHuman life from the beginning and during all eras has been directly related to the production and consumption of energy. Technology advancement is dependent on energy and its consumption, Limited reserves of fossil fuels, as well as environmental pollution resulted from their consumption has stimulated issues related to environment and energy. Thus, in recent years, using renewable energy sources is a major concern of modern human because in addition of being renewable, they are very diverse too. That is why that now a day and in industrialized countries this issue is followed seriously. And in this way, especially in the construction sector, much attention has been paid to designing and developing samples proportionate to this objective. Thus, energy saving in these buildings can have a significant impact in reducing consumption of fossil energies Roof is one of the main components of the building which is generally neglected by building designers. Through examining thermal performance and tracking their changes during different hours and seasons and direct using of solar source, one can achieve effective ways to reform component design, and found out that such an architectural element to what extent can be effective in loss of energy or indirect energy saving, especially in urban areas. The research investigates thermal behavior of roof shape, according to the mean radiant temperature which is one component of the thermal comfort, in sloping roofs of residential complexes in the Karaj City. (The dominant form of the ceiling in the study area). At first ,in this research ,library studies and analytical happened ,and in the next section, computational simulation as research methodology are applied.In this section alternativesare modeled and compute based on four types of roofs with different angles. At the end, the final results of analysis, show the best form and angle for reduce the waste of energy in this area that are used in final design.
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Nevius, Monica. "Thermostats with attitudes : a sociological analysis of assumptions underlying common approaches to reducing residential energy consumption /." 2001. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Yi-TingLiu and 劉怡廷. "Understanding roles of technology, policy and consumer behaviors in reducing energy consumption by air conditioners in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02124986879043526173.
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碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
101
Taiwan has been paying efforts synchronized with the rest of the global society to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission to mitigate climate change. Despite its efforts, the GHGs emission from services and residential sector maintains its increasing trend. Most of its GHGs emission induced by activities in these sectors occur in the form of Scope 2 emissions, namely energy consumption of electrical appliances. In Taiwan, located in tropical region in the northern hemisphere, air conditioner (AC) is particularly important during April to October for lowering temperature and humidity. Therefore, energy saving of AC systems is considered one of the most direct and effective strategy to reduce GHGs emission in the services and residential sector. In this study, compiling the necessary information form scattered data sources, a model was tailored for Taiwan to estimate the GHGs emission associated with AC product life cycle, including manufacturing, use and disposal stages. Logistic function, Weibull distribution and Population balances model (PBM) are used to simulate for future 40 years, the number of AC in use, discarded, and sold by assuming a lifetime distribution of ACs sold in a year. Using these information, the GHGs emission from manufacturing a new AC, energy consumption of AC in use and refrigerant leakage (at use, at recycling when ACs are discarded) are calculated. Using the model, three energy saving strategies related to ACs, including 1) managing the user behavior (i.e., temperature setting, use intensity), 2) improving the efficiency of heat pump technology and 3) replacing the old machine with newer ones, are investigated. It was found that management of user behaviors is the most effective in GHG emission reduction. This strategy alone can bring the emission level back to the 2005 level by 2030. To further reduce the emission, the other two strategies are potentially effective. Contribution of technology improvement scenarios are limited under current rate and patterns of replacement, because most of GHG emission are from old ACs. Combined with replacement acceleration policy, technology improvement can reduce GHG emission effectively. As demonstrated in this study, the constructed model allows technology and policy analyses using scenario approach. Using this model, policies can be designed based on quantitative insights. It can also make the information more transparent, and assist AC users to understand how their use behavior is important in reducing GHG emissions.
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Tsai, Yueh-Chang, and 蔡岳璋. "An Energy-Recycling (ER) Technique for Reducing Power Consumption of Field Sequential Color (FSC) RGB LEDs Backlight Module." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75940491897364195665.
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碩士國立交通大學
電機學院碩士在職專班電機與控制組
98
The field sequential color (FSC) technology with RGB-LED backlight modules can achieve high color saturation and better color gamut compared to conventional cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlight. Owing to the remove of color filter, the display brightness can be promoted to about three times that of the original one with color filter. Besides, both display power consumption and cost can be decreased greatly due to the disappearance of color filter. The proposed energy-recycling (ER) technique for the FSC display with RGB-LED backlight modules can dynamically switch the output voltage to 36 V for twelve green/blue LEDs in series or 24 V for twelve red LEDs in series according to each color sequence in the FSC technique. As a result, it can reduce 13% of total energy during the red color display period. The current commercial chip can’t satisfy all the functions in the ER technique; thus, a fabricated ER-controller with a commercial IR-2184 driver, which is used to drive independent high/low side power MOSFET with a fixed dead time, synchronous rectification (SR) control function, can implement the ER technique to meet the basic requirement of system. The ER control, which is used to replace the commercial AC-DC converter control further, can operate at the boundary current mode (BCM) with a zero current detection (ZCD) function to trigger the next switching cycle. The ZCD function is achieved by the enhanced current sensing (ECS) circuit, which can satisfy the need of system control to prove the feasibility of the ER technique. The proposed ER technology can accelerate the settling time of the output voltage since the energy that needs to be dissipated by load or leakage is stored to an energy-recycling capacitor from the output capacitor when the driving voltage is switched from 36 V to 24 V; that is it can further reduce 17% of dissipation energy. Specially, it only uses one recycling capacitor and one Schottky diode connected at the power structure of synchronous buck-boost converter.
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Wu, Tin-Hau, and 吳挺豪. "Optimization of an Ice-Storage Air Conditioning Load by Particle Swarm Algorithm for Reducing Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9e2e9q.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
96
Utilizing the feature of charge-at-night and discharge-in-daytime to transfer peak power consumption to off-peak hours for reducing the peak load during the day, ice-storage air conditioning system has become increasingly important as the problem of energy shortage keeps aggravating. However, poor design and failure to consider the operational features of the main chiller, ice storage tank and related auxiliary equipment can prevent an ice-storage air-conditioning system from generating the needed cold energy and facilitating the desired power saving.The study accordingly aims at developing and optimal mathematical model for the operation of ice-storage air-conditioning system adopting energy operating cost as the target function and the performance of the main chiller and ice-storage tank as the limitation. A Particle Swarm optimization algorithm is used to measure the optimal ice melting capacity during the daytime and the ice storage capacity . The study further analyzes and compares the system’s life-cycle cost .
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Huang, Chao-Lin, and 黃昭霖. "Study on Reducing Energy Consumption of Lettuce Production in Plant Factory - Real-Time Control Strategy by Adjusting Light Intensity and CO2 Concentration." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96376849521094763097.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
生物機電工程學系碩士班
101
In the closed-type plant factory, the plant’s photosynthesis relies on the artificial lighting completely. High energy consumption in plant illumination constrains the business development. Hence it is important to improve the lighting energy utility in plant factory. This study conducted two approaches, depending on the lettuce photosynthetic rate to control the lighting regimes or CO2 regimes, to improve the energy utility in lettuce cultivation in the plant factory. Two control systems were developed in this study. One was the system with the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and the other was the system by using the personal computer with the graphic-based programming software (LabView). In the environmental controlled chamber there was equipped with air conditioner, plant cultivation shelves, nutrient solution circulation system, LED tubes and the environmental control system. The user monitored the data in these two systems via Internet associating with the LabView software and web service to access the control data in the PLC or the computer. One of the strategies to reduce energy consumption in plant factory was to control the fluctuation of light intensity by four and eight hour-period based on daily photosynthetic rhythm. The result showed that treatment of 4-full-4-flash reduced the tipburn occurrence and was not significantly different in lettuce’s fresh weight compared with the treatment of constant light intensity. Another strategy was to vary CO2 concentration based on the lettuce photosynthetic rate. The result showed the lettuce’s fresh weight in treatment of varied CO2 concentration was equal to that in the treatment of 250 μmol m-2 s-1/ 1200 ppm. However, the former cost in LED energy consumption and CO2 was only 77.7% of the latter. This result represented that the strategy by varying CO2 concentration based on the lettuce photosynthetic rate could produce lettuce by less cost.