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1
Zhu, Xiaolin. "Microbiological non-GMO approaches for the reduction of ethanol in wines." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672972.
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Com que l’augment del contingut d’etanol en el vi ha cridat molt l’atenció, la recerca de vi saludable i baix en alcohol ha instat els investigadors a trobar maneres de reduir el contingut d’etanol en el vi. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és la selecció i aplicació d’espècies de llevat no Saccharomyces per reduir el contingut d’etanol. Aquest objectiu general es pot dividir en els tres objectius específics següents:
Un mètode ràpid per analitzar les espècies de llevats no Saccharomyces amb un baix rendiment d’etanol.
Aquest estudi proposava un mètode ràpid per a la detecció de llevats amb un baix rendiment d’etanol a partir de 45 soques de llevat no Saccharomyces, pertanyents a 19 espècies. Aquest mètode va incloure dos passos i es va completar en 5 dies per obtenir els llevats seleccionats.
L’efecte d’un multiestart no Saccharomyces sobre la reducció de l’etanol i la dinàmica de la població de llevats, utilitzant diferents ràtios i estratègies d’inoculació.
Com a arrencador únic, les tres soques (de M. pulcherrima, T. delbrueckii i Z.baili) poden reduir el contingut d’etanol al vi. Per tal d’assolir l’estratègia d’inoculació adequada, es van utilitzar les tres soques com a multistarter en fermentacions coinoculades o seqüencials amb S. cerevisiae a diferents relacions d’inòcul.
La reducció de l’etanol per part de determinades espècies de llevats no Saccharomyces i Saccharomyces cerevisiae evolucionades.
Es van utilitzar dues soques de llevat seleccionades no Saccharomyces d’espècies de M. pulcherrima i L. thermotolerans i tres soques de S. cerevisiae evolucionades (evolucionades en condicions d’isobutanol o amb alt contingut de sucre), en fermentacions inoculades simultànies i seqüencials per avaluar la seva capacitat per reduir el contingut alcohòlic.
Conclusions
Les soques de les espècies de M. pulcherrima, T. delbrueckii i Z. bailii van aconseguir una reducció més alta del rendiment d’etanol (1,39, 0,84 i 1,02% (v / v), respectivament) quan s’utilitzaven en la fermentació amb S. cerevisiae, sent M. pulcherrima l’espècie amb la reducció més alta d’etanol (1,44% (v / v)) obtinguda en totes les condicions provades.<br>Dado que el aumento del contenido de etanol en el vino ha atraído mucha atención, la búsqueda de un vino saludable y con bajo contenido de alcohol ha instado a los investigadores a encontrar formas de reducir el contenido de etanol en el vino. El objetivo de este trabajo es la selección y aplicación de especies de levadura distintas de Saccharomyces para reducir el contenido de etanol. Este objetivo general se puede dividir en los siguientes tres objetivos específicos:
Un método rápido para seleccionar especies de levadura distintas de Saccharomyces con un bajo rendimiento de etanol.
Este estudio proponía un método rápido para seleccionar levaduras con bajo rendimiento de etanol de 45 cepas de levadura no Saccharomyces, pertenecientes a 19 especies. Este método incluyó dos pasos y se completó en 5 días para obtener las levaduras seleccionadas.
El efecto de un arranque múltiple no Saccharomyces sobre la reducción de etanol y la dinámica de la población de levaduras, utilizando diferentes relaciones y estrategias de inoculación.
Como iniciador único, las tres cepas (de las especies M. pulcherrima, T. delbrueckii y Z.baili) pueden reducir el contenido de etanol en el vino. Con el fin de lograr la estrategia de inoculación adecuada, las tres cepas se utilizaron como iniciador múltiple en fermentaciones co-inoculadas o secuenciales con S. cerevisiae en diferentes proporciones de inóculo.
La reducción de etanol por especies de levadura no Saccharomyces seleccionadas y Saccharomyces cerevisiae evolucionada.
Dos cepas de levadura no Saccharomyces seleccionadas de especies de M. pulcherrima y L. thermotolerans y tres cepas de S. cerevisiae evolucionadas seleccionadas (desarrolladas en condiciones de isobutanol o alto contenido de azúcar), se utilizaron en fermentaciones inoculadas simultáneas y secuenciales para evaluar su capacidad para reducir el contenido de alcohol.
Conclusiones
Las cepas de las especies M. pulcherrima, T. delbrueckii y Z. bailii lograron mayores reducciones en el rendimiento de etanol (1,39, 0,84 y 1,02% (v / v), respectivamente) cuando se utilizaron en fermentación con S. cerevisiae, siendo M. pulcherrima la especie con la mayor reducción de etanol (1,44% (v / v)) obtenida en todas las condiciones analizadas.<br>As the increase in ethanol content in wine has attracted much attention, the pursuit of health and low-alcohol wine has urged researchers to find ways to reduce the ethanol content in wine. The aim of this work is the selection and application of non-Saccharomyces yeast species to reduce ethanol content. This general goal can be divided into the following three specific objectives:
A rapid method to screen non-Saccharomyces yeast species with a low ethanol yield.
This study was to propose a rapid method to screen yeasts with a low ethanol yield from 45 non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, belonging to 19 species. This method included two steps and was complete in 5 days to obtain the selected yeasts.
The effect of a non-Saccharomyces multistarter on ethanol reduction and yeast population dynamics, using different inoculation ratios and strategies.
As a single starter, all three strains (from M. pulcherrima, T.delbrueckii and Z.baili species) can reduce ethanol content in wine. In order to achieve the appropriate inoculation strategy, the three strains were used as a multistarter in co-inoculated or sequential fermentations with S. cerevisiae at different inoculum ratios.
The ethanol reduction by selected non-Saccharomyces yeast species and evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Two selected non-Saccharomyces yeast strains from M. pulcherrima and L. thermotolerans species and three selected evolved S. cerevisiae strains (evolved on iso-butanol or high sugar conditions), were used in simultaneous and sequential inoculated fermentations to evaluate their ability to reduce the alcohol content.
Conclusions
Strains from M. pulcherrima, T. delbrueckii and Z. bailii species achieved higher ethanol yield reductions (1.39, 0.84 and 1.02% (v/v), respectively) when used in fermentation with S. cerevisiae, being M. pulcherrima the species with the highest ethanol reduction (1.44% (v/v)) obtained in all tested conditions.
2
Kiken, Laura. "Does mindfulness reduce negativity bias? A potential mechanism for reduced emotional distress." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1926.
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The present research examined if mindfulness reduced negativity bias on measures of attitude formation and cognitive style, as a potential explanation for the beneficial effects of mindfulness on emotional disturbance. Two studies were conducted. Study One was correlational and found that trait mindfulness inversely correlated with measures of negative cognitive style, and that the latter partially mediated an inverse association between mindfulness and predisposition to depression and anxiety. Further, correlations between mindfulness and both positive attitude formation and optimism hinted at a potential positivity bias. Study Two extended these findings using a randomized experimental design comparing a mindfulness induction to an unfocused attention control condition. The mindfulness condition demonstrated a positivity bias in attitude formation and increased optimism compared to the control condition, but did not demonstrate bias in attitude generalization. Potential explanations and implications for emotional disturbance are discussed.
3
Chang, Elizabeth. "Reduce, Repeat." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12019.
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Presence is the quality of art that strikes a viewer; its energy is palpable. In every moment it is completely alive and in every moment after is alive once more. In 1967, critic, Michael Fried explained the importance of art’s ability to affect viewer continuously in this way and names the temporal affect of presentness as the most significant motivation of Minimalism; the essence of reduction is in this temporality. With much of the visual language of the Contemporary resting on the foundations of Minimalism, the temporal philosophy that is rooted in its vocabulary and aesthetics becomes an afterthought in the formalist discourse that Contemporary art is often framed by. To understand the reductive aesthetic comprehensively, the theory of temporal presence should be revisited. This paper is divided in two parts, the first will establish the philosophical foundations of Empty time and the second will apply concepts of Emptiness and Nothingness to reductive aesthetics. Crucial to presence are the temporal, spatial and experiential modes that are active in it. The meeting point of time and space, the current now, is where these encounters manifest but in the present moment, the movement of past-becoming-present-becoming-future occurs without our even feeling it. The ‘passing of time’ never actualises in our sensory experience, so we should cease to approach time in this way. Buddhist and Nietzschean philosophies raise concerns with this linear approach to time. To better understand the form of the present and the temporal language of reduction, I will examine the durationless model of time that shapes the sensation of experience. Buddhist, Śūnyatā and Nietzsche’s eternal return, will be examined to reconcile the disconnect between experiencing and the movement of time. The second component of the paper will examine the minimalist models of reduction, monochrome and repetition, against Fried’s essay. A clear lineage of presence becomes evident in the Contemporary’s thematic trends of ‘immaterial’ and ‘formless’, considering these examples demonstrate the legacy of reduction. To track the historical development of the minimal tradition, I will begin with Lucio Fontana (reduction) and move through to Yves Klein (monochrome) and finish with Lee Ufan (repetition). I intuitively apply the three aforementioned aesthetics to my creative practice and. Repetition plays a significant role; the demand for patience, will and perdurance is absorbing and, for me, the greatest teacher of time. The repeated gesture is an immersive exercise; it requires becoming absolutely attuned to time and Being. The mark is simultaneously the lingering anticipation of the next moment and mourning the passing of the last; it is a punctuation of Being. Time’s value is often treated as a commodity, so our desire to attain and hold it is overwhelming. It is in my practice that I can unlearn the ideas of time passing, running out, fading or eroding. The commitment to repeat infinitely eases the tension of chasing time.
4
ALMEIDA, DIOGO RIBEIRO. "DOES GOVERNANCE REDUCE VOLATILITY?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10569@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Esta dissertação examina os impactos das boas práticas de
governança
corporativa na volatilidade dos retornos das ações dentro
e fora de momentos de
crise. Dados de freqüência diária foram utilizados para
estimar modelos
Autoregressivos Generalizados de Heterocedasticidade
Condicional (GARCH)
para quarenta e nove papéis negociados na Bolsa de Valores
de São Paulo
(BOVESPA). As evidências indicam um efeito negativo na
maioria das séries
analisadas. Para algumas ações, a redução da volatilidade
é ainda maior em
períodos de choques negativos. Foi encontrado, ainda, o
resultado de que o risco
mitigado é o idiossincrático e, desta forma, governança
incentiva a manutenção da
concentração de propriedade.<br>This dissertation examines impacts of good practices of
corporate
governance on the volatility of returns in and out crisis
periods. Daily data are
used to estimate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional
Heteroskedastic
(GARCH) models for forty nine stocks traded on the São
Paulo Stock Exchange
(BOVESPA. It is found evidence of a negative impact on the
majority of the
analyzed series. For some stocks, the reduction of the
volatility is even greater in
crisis periods. It was also found that the risk mitigated
is the idiosyncratic one
and, thus, governance incentives the maintenance of
ownership concentration.
5
Agarwal, Lovkush. "Reducts of aleph_zero-categorical structures." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15645/.
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Given two structures M and N on the same domain, we say that N is a reduct of M if all emptyset-definable relations of N are emptyset-definable in M. In this thesis, the reducts of the generic digraph, the Henson digraphs, the countable vector space over F_2 and of the linear order Q.2 are classified up to first-order interdefinability. These structures are aleph_zero-categorical, so classifying their reducts is equivalent to classifying the closed groups that lie in between the structures’ automorphism groups and the full symmetric group.
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Dykeman, Deborah Louise. "Methods to reduce airport congestion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29987.pdf.
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Merla, Diane Krzan. "Strategies to Reduce Employee Turnover." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5575.
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Businesses that fail to retain knowledgeable employees risk remaining competitive in the marketplace. Approximately 25 million people quit their jobs in 2016, overall. This single case study explored strategies business managers use to reduce employee turnover. The population for this study was 5 business managers from a business and technical personnel support organization in the information and solutions industry in the state of New Jersey who had experience with strategies to improve employee retention. The conceptual framework used in this study was systems theory. Data were collected from company archival documents and semistructured face-to-face interviews with 5 business managers. Moustakas' modified van Kaam method was used for data analysis. Member checking helped to ensure credibility and trustworthiness in the interpretation of interviewee responses. Three major themes emerged: workplace environment, safety, and training. Strategies ascertained in this study may be helpful for business managers who develop ways to reduce employee turnover. The implications for positive social change include retaining valuable employees in critical positions, reducing unemployment rates and unemployment compensation, and the potential to disencumber funds to support additional social services.
8
Rama, Ruben Rama. "Novel approaches to reduce dietary sodium." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716372.
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There has been a big input within the food industry to look at novel ways to achieve salt reduction in a food product without compromising the sensory profile and reducing the saltiness perception by consumers. The aim of this thesis was to understand if by optimising the sodium release from the food matrix, sodium reduction could be achieved without affecting the saltiness perceived by the consumers. In order to do that, three approaches were trialled: firstly, it was hypothesised that a reduction in the size of the salt crystal could accelerate dissolution in saliva and that by blending salt crystals of different sizes, sodium reduction could be achieved without compromising overall saltiness; secondly, it was hypothesised that the inclusion of plant- based polyphenols at subthreshold concentrations for astringency and bitterness that precipitate salivary proteins could modify the rheological properties of saliva and ultimately change saltiness perception; and finally it was hypothesised that sodium could be delivered in a hydrocolloid matrix and if this matrix is optimised for hydrateability, sodium may be more available for perception. Results showed that a reduction of 25 % sodium can be achieved by using blends of salt crystals with different size without any loss of saltiness, as expressed by naive consumers. Subthreshold concentrations for astringency and bitterness for the four polyphenols used (tannic acid, gallic acid, rutin and EGCG) showed salivary protein precipitation, but had no impact on saltiness perception of solutions. Superthreshold concentrations for astringency and bitterness using the same polyphenols caused a decrease in saltiness perception of solutions. Out of the three different polymers (pullulan, chitosan and HPMC) studied to create orally dissolving films, HPMC showed the best film forming properties, and the fastest dissolution rate. In summary, optimisation of the food matrix and the salt crystal may offer a direct route to reducing sodium in the diet, and of the approaches evaluated the use of complex salt crystal size blends and the optimisation of sodium-biopolymer interaction are proposed as viable strategies for sodium reduction for the food industry.
9
Yu, Fiona. "Sulfur Addition to Reduce CO Emissions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224770.
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In autumn 2017, an experiment was conducted for the reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions commissioned by Holmen Paper Braviken, one of the world’s most production-efficient paper mills. Digitalization has increased in recent years, which has resulted in a decreased demand for graphic paper. The goal of finding cost-reducing solutions in the manufacturing process has been increased in Holmen Paper Braviken to meet the rising price pressure and strengthen competitiveness. Braviken consumes large quantities of steam in the paper machines and some of this steam is produced in the solid fuel boiler. The solid fuel boiler combusts bark, wood chips, and water treatment sludge. When adding sulfur-rich water treatment sludge to the fuel mix, it has been observed that CO levels decrease without increasing NOx levels. To control the amount of sulfur addition, it has been proposed that pure sulfur can be microdosed into the fuel mix. A previous short-term experiment was conducted in Braviken during autumn 2016 with a successful result. The present study was conducted with the aim of mapping the effects of sulfur addition to the solid fuel boiler in Braviken concerning CO emissions. The possibility to operate the plant and interaction with the water treatment sludge have also been investigated. The study was performed through the construction of a microdosing system and a long-term attempt of sulfur addition. The result shows that the optimal sulfur concentration of Braviken’s solid fuel boiler for reducing CO emissions is 6 kg/h S (1.03 kg S/ton C). The interaction between elemental sulfur with the sulfur-rich water treatment sludge is complex, but with sulfur dosage a reduction of 42% CO can be achieved. NOx levels have not shown any change on the addition of sulfur. The study shows that CO emissions are at a more stable level with sulfur dosing. The result becomes difficult to analyze because the parameters varied. The effects of parameters should be investigated with the recommendation to perform a more prolonged experiment on sulfur addition.<br>Under hösten 2017 genomfördes ett experiment med dosering av svavel för reduktion av kolmonoxidutsläpp(CO) i uppdrag av Holmen Paper Braviken. Digitaliseringen har under de senaste åren ökat vilket har medföljt att efterfrågan på grafiskt papper har sjunkit. För att möta den ökande prispressen och stärka konkurrenskraften har målet att hitta kostnadssänkningar i tillverkningsprocessen ökats i Holmen Paper Braviken. Braviken förbrukar stora mängder ånga i pappersmaskinerna och en del av denna ånga produceras i brukets fastbränslepanna. I fastbränslepannan förbränns bark, träflis samt vattenreningsslam. Vid tillsatser av svavelrikt vattenreningsslam till bränslemixen har det observerats att CO nivåerna sjunker utan att NOx nivåerna ökar. För att kunna reglera mängden svaveltillsatser har det förslagits att rent svavel kan mikrodoseras till bränslemixen. Ett tidigare försök har gjorts i Braviken under hösten 2016 med ett lyckat resultat. Denna studie har genomförts med målet att kartlägga effekterna av svaveltillsats till Bravikens fastbränslepanna med avseende på CO utsläpp. Körbarheten och samspelet med det svavelrika vattenreningsslammet har även det undersökts. Studien har genomförts genom konstruktion av tillsatsanordning samt långtidsförsök av svaveltillsats. Resultatet visar att den optimala svavelkoncentrationen för Bravikens fastbränslepanna för reduktion av CO utsläpp är 6 kg/h S (1.03 kg S/ton C). Samspelet mellan rent svavel med det svavelrika vattenreningsslammet är komplext, men med svaveldosering kan en reduktion av 42% CO uppnås. NOx nivåerna har inte påvisat någon förändring vid tillsats av svavel. Studien visar att CO utsläppen håller sig till en stabilare nivå vid svaveldosering. På grund av att ett flertal parametrar varieras är resultatet svår att analysera. Parametrarnas effekter bör undersökas med rekommendation att utföra ett längre experiment av svaveltillsats.
10
Queen, Bruce Leon. "Methods to reduce transient floor vibrations." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020557/.
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Hughes, Conrad Lawrence Marquard. "How can K12 education reduce prejudice?" Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12796/.
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This thesis investigates how K-12 education can reduce prejudice. Firstly, I define what I mean by prejudice and explain what my research methodology is for the study. Through a conceptual examination of existing research, including theories on why people are prejudiced and what we know about prejudice reduction from social psychology, I go on to propose four areas of individual cognitive and social development in which educational strategies can act on prejudicial thinking and lessen it. These are: - Understanding beyond the other; - Critical Thinking; - Metacognitive thought; - Empathy. I also synthesise findings into two institutional approaches that are effective. These are: - The contact hypothesis; - Specific pedagogical principles that are embedded in international education. These six areas are brought together in a multi-facetted response to the problem of prejudice. The thesis problematises the construct of prejudice reduction by grappling with its complexity through a critical account of the substantial literature on the subject. This means not only contextualising studies according to the parameters of their method but also engaging with prominent discourses in associated fields in a reflexive manner. The thesis is an original contribution to knowledge in that it builds a bridge between work on prejudice in the schools of social psychology, cognitive psychology and neurobiology and K-12 education. My study offers a framework synthesising effective classroom interventions that can be adapted and adopted in a variety of contexts to combat the central operating system of prejudice formation.
12
Donckers-Roseveare, Kathryn. "Periodic feedback to reduce cholesterol levels." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41912.
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Stone, Frederick J. "Measures to reduce stress at work." Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12303/.
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Povitsky, Wendy Tobie. "Teen court does it reduce recidivism? /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3274.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
15
Farr, C. "Earlier Timing Can Reduce Rainfall Losses." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204836.
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The analysis of grades of upland cotton picked before and after a 29 October rainfall at Waddell in 1987 reveals significant financial losses for growers. Early harvesters in the area harvested over two thirds of the crop in October; over 98.0% of grades 21 and 31 were harvested before the rainfall. A Buckeye operation also accounted for a difference of $98.60 per acre between an early and a late harvested pima field the same season. The survey indicates that important losses can be reduced by a harvest begun 10 to 15 days earlier than mid- October.
16
Mitchell, Karen Michelle. "Best Practices to Reduce Math Anxiety." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10936027.
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<p> The subjects of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) have grown in importance because they are fundamental to the future quality of life and the ability to compete in today’s global society. The demand for STEM careers is increasing; however, the United States is having difficulty meeting this demand. Society needs students who can research and think critically, so they can be proficient in STEM education and become the next generation of mathematicians, scientists, technologists, and engineers. Mathematical proficiency is of particular concern because while it is required for STEM education success, individuals find it challenging. </p><p> Both adults and children have apprehension about mathematics, and their negative attitudes toward math develop a barrier to STEM education and careers. This negative math phobia, or math anxiety, causes a decrease in math achievement. This study explored the perceptions of elementary teachers in establishing a classroom environment free of math anxiety. Specifically, this study focused on best practices that teachers incorporate in order to reduce math anxiety. </p><p> The purpose of the study was to (a) determine the strategies and practices teachers employ to reduce math anxiety, (b) determine the challenges teachers face in reducing math anxiety, (c) determine how teachers measure the success of their practices in reducing math anxiety, and (d) determine the recommendations teachers would make for future implementation of strategies in reducing math anxiety.</p><p>
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Miko, Jeffrey Allen. "Collaboration Strategies to Reduce Technical Debt." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4236.
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Inadequate software development collaboration processes can allow technical debt to accumulate increasing future maintenance costs and the chance of system failures. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore collaboration strategies software development leaders use to reduce the amount of technical debt created by software developers. The study population was software development leaders experienced with collaboration and technical debt at a large health care provider in the state of California. The data collection process included interviews with 8 software development leaders and reviewing 19 organizational documents relating to software development methods. The extended technology acceptance model was used as the conceptual framework to better understand the social and cognitive influences on the perceived usefulness of collaboration in reducing technical debt. An inductive analysis of the data was used for coding, triangulation, and identifying themes related to the use of collaboration strategies to reduce technical debt. Prominent themes included using collaboration at all stages of development, using continuous verification processes, promoting a participatory culture, and using tools to support distributed teams. The study findings showed an environment that promotes collaboration, a culture that encourages participation, and accessibility to collaborative tools that may reduce technical debt in software projects. The results of this study may contribute to positive social change by demonstrating how individuals with diverse backgrounds and different perspectives can work together to improve critical software that people depend on every day.
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Warchol, Steven. "Organizational Strategies to Reduce Hospital Readmissions." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5146.
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Reducing hospital readmissions is critical to the success and sustainability of both hospitals and the communities in which they reside. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore organizational strategies hospital leaders use to reduce hospital readmissions. The study was limited to hospitals in Southwest Missouri with readmission rates below the state average. Complex adaptive systems was the conceptual framework for the study because of the complex nature and numerous stakeholders of the healthcare system. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 15 hospital leaders via semistructured interviews and an analysis of organizational artifacts. Member checking was used to increase reliability and validity of the results. Data analysis was conducted using Yin's 5 step process including qualitative analysis software to identify major and core themes. The major themes identified in the study included population health, hospital operations and patient interactions, leadership and mission, and barriers to reducing readmissions. The implications for positive social change include the potential to improve services hospital team members provide to patients, which may improve the overall health of the communities they serve. By promoting improved health outcomes for local communities, society benefits through reduction of costs to the federal government and an overall improvement in the health of communities.
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Littleson, Steven G. "Strategies to Reduce Hospital-Acquired Conditions." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6605.
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Hospital-acquired conditions cause harm to patients and increase mortality. In addition to lowering the quality of patient care, hospital-acquired conditions also negatively affect financial performance, which makes them a business problem for hospital administrators. The purpose of this single case study, which was grounded in the theory of high reliability, was to explore strategies used to reduce the number of hospital-acquired conditions. The sample consisted of 13 senior leaders of a large academic medical center in the southeastern United States, who shared successful strategies used to reduce hospital-acquired conditions. Data collection took place through semistructured interviews and a review of plans and reports that showed rates of hospital-acquired conditions from 2014 to 2017. Data analysis involved using Yin's 5-step process as well as coding interview text and data from documents and then grouping related words to develop themes. Themes that emerged from this study included leadership style, communication practices, and trust. A key finding was the importance of positive and trusting leadership behaviors by senior leaders planning to reduce hospital-acquired conditions. Another key finding was the confirmation that hospital administrators can and should prioritize quality and financial improvement simultaneously. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to reduce health care costs and save patients' lives by reducing the number of hospital-acquired conditions.
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Bahner, Mark A. "A reduced-turbulence, reduced-entrainment electrostatic precipitator." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040702/.
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Axelsson, Martin. "Introduction of water to reduce NOx emissions." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99618.
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Bakgrunden till detta examens arbete är behovet av att få lägre emissioner och då speciellt NOx emissioner. I detta arbete är olika NOx reduktions metoder beskrivna och utvärderade. Tyngdpunkten har lagts på de ”våta NOx reduktions teknologierna” och då speciellt teknologier för att befukta insugsluften. Detta arbete består av en litteratur studie, genomgång av test resultat från motor tester med dessa teknologier samt simuleringar. NOx reduktionen genom at introducera vatten eller vatten ånga till förbränningen åstadkoms genom att sänka den maximala temperaturen i förbränningsrummet och genom att tillsätta inert media med hög värmekapacitet vilket också reducerar syrekoncentrationen. NOx formationen är främst beroende av förbränningstemperaturen men också syretillgången och genom att reducera dessa kan NOx emissionerna minskas. Orsaken till den minskade temperaturen är den ökade massan och den ökade värmekapaciteten från det tillsatta vattnet eller ångan. När vatten introduceras till insugsluften är det viktigt att ha bra och effektiv förångning för att nå en hög absolut luftfuktighet och undvika korrosion. Vatten förångningen är beroende av vatteninsprutnings munstyckenas utformning samt den rådande temperaturen och trycket. Det är utmanande att uppnå bra förångning samt hög absolut luftfuktighet på en motor med mycket högt laddtryck som tillexempel på den undersökta 2-stegs överladdade Wärtsilä 20V32C motorn. Det höga laddtrycket och den relativt låga temperaturen på grund av det låga tryckförhållandet över den andra kompressorn begränsar den maximala absoluta luftfuktigheten samt gör förångningen av vattnet långsam. Utifrån simulerings resultat och luftfuktighetsberäkningar bör det vara möjligt att uppnå den önskade luftfuktigheten men det ställer stora krav på vatten insprutnings systemet och designen av det. Laddtrycket ökar med ökad mängd vatten vilket kan göra det nödvändigt att ändra på turbo laddar specifikationen. Det här och andra prestanda parametrar som påverkas av befuktningen av luften simulerades i GTPower i förberedelse för ett motor test som kommer att ske 2009. En undersökning av Humid Air Motor systemet (HAM) och Wärtsiläs luftbefuktnings system har också utförts. Undersökningen av HAM systemet på fartyget Mariella visade att en NOx reduktion på närmare 70 % i IMO E3 cykeln kan uppnås. De ”osannolikt bra” resultaten rapporterade från HAM systemet är förklarade och förklaringen ligger huvudsakligen i de temperaturer och tyck som används. Från undersökningen av Wärtsiläs luftbefuktnings system kan begränsningen i NOx reduktion huvudsakligen förklaras av förångningen samt laddtrycks temperaturen som används. I en jämförelse mellan alla ”våta NOx reduktions teknologier” utvärderade i studien uppvisar Emulsions teknologin de bästa helhets egenskaperna. Bland de övriga är det ganska jämnt men ”ång-befuktning” har de sammantaget sämsta egenskaperna. Intressanta nya ”våta NOx reduktions teknologier” och nya sätt att tillämpa dessa teknologier påträffades under litteraturstudien som tillexempel ”omedelbar blandning av vatten och bränsle” och sen direkt insprutning av vatten. Förslag på fortsatt arbete, förbättringar och intressanta förslag på nya tester är också presenterade i detta arbete.<br>The background for this master thesis is the need for lower emissions, especially NOx emissions. Different NOx reduction methods are described and evaluated in this study. The focus is on the “wet NOx reduction technologies” and especially the ones where the inlet air is humidified. The evaluation consists of a literature study, test investigation and simulations. The NOx reduction effect with the introduction of water (or vapour) is achieved by reducing the local maximum combustion temperatures in the combustion chamber and also by reducing the concentration of oxygen by the addition of inert media with high specific heat (vapour). NOx formation is dependent of mainly the combustion temperature but also the availability of oxygen and by reducing the temperature and/or the oxygen concentration the NOx emissions will therefore be reduced. The reason for the reduced temperature is the increased heat capacity and the increased mass from the added water. When water is introduced to the inlet air it is important to have sufficient evaporation to get high absolute humidity and to avoid corrosion. The evaporation is dependent on mainly the nozzle design, temperature and pressure. It is challenging to get good evaporation of the injected water and to reach high absolute humidity on a highly boosted engine like the investigated 2-staged turbo charged Wärtsilä 20V32C engine. The high pressure and the relatively low temperature due to the low pressure ratio over the second compressor are limiting the maximum possible humidity and makes the evaporation slow. According to results obtained from simulations and calculations it can be possible to reach the desired humidity but there will be very high demands on the water injection system and the design of it. The receiver pressure increases with increased water to fuel ratio which can make turbo charger re-matching necessary. This and other performance parameters affected by the humidification was simulated in GTpower in preparation for an engine test in 2009. A practical investigation of the Humid Air Motor (HAM) system and Wärtsilä’s inlet air humidification system was carried out. The investigation of the HAM system on the Mariella ship showed that NOx emissions are reduced close to 70% in the IMO E3 cycle. The “mysteriously good” results reported from the HAM system are explained and the explanations can mainly be found in the temperature and pressure used. From the investigation of Wärtsilä’s inlet air humidification system the limitation in performance can mainly be found in the evaporation and the charge air temperature. In a comparison between all the wet-technologies evaluated in the study, the Emulsion technology and has the best overall results. It is quite equal between the other wettechnologies but “humidification with steam” is the wet-technology with the worst over all properties. Interesting findings from the literature about new or different ways of using the wettechnologies are presented like instantaneous mixing of water and fuel or late direct water injection. Suggestions for further work, improvements and interesting things to test are also presented in this thesis work.
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Al, Isa Muthena Abdul Hussain Ibrahim. "Admixtures to reduce chloride ingress into concrete." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11346.
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Taylor, Andrea J. "Perceiving discrimination, does proximity really reduce distance?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32517.pdf.
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Chambers, Belinda K. "Can Cranberry Supplementation Reduce Risks for Diabetes?" Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ChambersBK2002.pdf.
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Meek, Stuart. "Redefining car-bus interchange to reduce traffic." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6328.
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Bus-based Park and Ride (P&R) schemes have become increasingly popular over the past 40 years in the UK, as a result of them being considered a positive traffic reduction policy by many, not least local authorities. There have nevertheless been concerns over the true effects of P&R. For instance, surveys of P&R users have long since revealed that up to a third transfer from conventional public transport. This induces car travel for the access portion of the P&R trip, which is generally large compared to the bus portion, owing to the edge-of-town location of P&R sites. Combined with the mileage effects of high-frequency bus services, evidence has suggested that P&R may thus result in an increase, compared to alternative travel behaviour, in the mean vehicle miles travelled (VMT) of its users. This thesis aims to investigate how UK bus-based P&R may be developed to reduce users VMT. As such, it applies to P&R the Characteristics Approach to Consumer Demand and delineates the attributes of interchange from which users derive utility. The research also develops this approach to consider the characteristics that affect the traffic impacts of P&R. The characteristics of P&R are adjusted to provide alternative concepts of interchange that aim to reduce VMT. These concepts are then examined to understand the level of utility that they are likely to provide. Local authorities perceptions of utility are examined initially, through a national survey which also looks at general attitudes towards P&R, its effects and its future. The city of Cambridge (UK) is selected as a case study in which an in-depth document analysis and interview survey of local stakeholders is carried out to understand the role of P&R in local policy and the implications of the implementation of alternative concepts of interchange. In this context, a survey of P&R users is also undertaken which considers the VMT effects of the current and alternative concepts of P&R as well as the change in the level of utility that would be derived from using them. It is concluded that local authorities generally consider P&R to be an effective policy in reducing car use whilst also playing important roles in the local economy and political arena. Yet the evidence on the Cambridge P&R scheme suggests that VMT is increased to a higher degree than previously proven. Alternative concepts of interchange are shown to offer some potentially significant benefits by reducing the VMT of users. Furthermore, some of the alternative concepts are also shown to offer benefits in terms of the utility that they may provide to the user, and the perceptions on this by local authorities. The VMT and utility results are combined to suggest that future implementation of interchange should consider operating feeder bus services into interchange sites (an intermediate solution offering some VMT benefits with relatively small resource requirements) or, operating a series of small interchange sites along main access routes to host cities (likely to require more resources but providing significant VMT benefits).
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Al-hedny, Suhad. "European Community Measures to Reduce Nitrate Pollution." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1106.
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Water protection proves to be a difficult task, whether it is dealt with through legislation or the implementation of a process to reduce further pollution. This study considers how the issue of water pollution from nitrates in agricultural practices has become better understood through the reforms of the common agriculture policy (CAP) and the enactment of various regulations and directives by EU. The implementation of the EC Nitrate Directive is a main focus of this study because it was a major movement towards protecting water against pollution from agriculture, and an important step in implementing the Water Framework Directive. The implementation process is analyzed from both a formal and practical perspective, along with a discussion of the difficulties that arose in the implementation phase. There is a focus on the implementation of the Nitrate Directive in UK, with an emphasis on England as a case study. The study finds that if the distribution of responsibilities (planning, regulating, implementing, and reporting) is shared between national, regional and local bodies, the compliance with political regulations becomes easier. It is also concluded that rearrangements of the existing institutions are necessary to reduce costs, exchange new ideas that could translate to regulative ideas, and create an atmosphere of trust between regulators and implementers. It can be concluded from this study that, despite the traditional centralization of governments, England has taken several steps towards integrating institutions and has tried to be open and responsive to the local communities. Finally, there are several lessons that can be learned from the UK’s approach to control nitrate pollution, which are discussed and outlined in the conclusion of this study.<br>Water protection proves to be a difficult task, whether it is dealt with through legislation or the implementation of a process to reduce further pollution. This study considers how the issue of water pollution from nitrates in agricultural practices has become better understood through the reforms of the common agriculture policy (CAP) and the enactment of various regulations and directives by EU. The implementation of the EC Nitrate Directive is a main focus of this study because it was a major movement towards protecting water against pollution from agriculture, and an important step in implementing the Water Framework Directive. The implementation process is analyzed from both a formal and practical perspective, along with a discussion of the difficulties that arose in the implementation phase. There is a focus on the implementation of the Nitrate Directive in UK, with an emphasis on England as a case study. The study finds that if the distribution of responsibilities (planning, regulating, implementing, and reporting) is shared between national, regional and local bodies, the compliance with political regulations becomes easier. It is also concluded that rearrangements of the existing institutions are necessary to reduce costs, exchange new ideas that could translate to regulative ideas, and create an atmosphere of trust between regulators and implementers. It can be concluded from this study that, despite the traditional centralization of governments, England has taken several steps towards integrating institutions and has tried to be open and responsive to the local communities. Finally, there are several lessons that can be learned from the UK’s approach to control nitrate pollution, which are discussed and outlined in the conclusion of this study.<br>kungsmarksv'gen 105 371 44 karlskrona sweden
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Björnsson, Bergþór. "Methods to Reduce Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110318.
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Introduction: During the last two decades, liver surgery has expanded enormously, partly due to improved surgical equipment and techniques as well as new and more powerful chemotherapy agents. As the liver is a very well-vascularized organ, there is an inherent risk of bleeding during liver resection. One of the most popular methods employed to reduce this risk is to close the vascular inflow to the liver using the Pringle’s maneuver (PM). However, this procedure has been recognized to cause ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) to the future liver remnant (FLR). In cases of extensive resection where the FLR is small and in cases when the liver suffers from chronic diseases, such as cirrhosis, IRI can greatly increase the risk of post-operative liver failure (POLF). Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and, more recently, remote ischemic preconditioning (R-IPC) are methods that have been employed to reduce IRI. Aim: 1) To compare the effects of IPC and R-IPC in a rat model; 2) to investigate the clinical effect of IPC during modern liver surgery; 3) to investigate the role of the nitric oxide (NO) system in IRI, IPC and R-IPC; and 4) to explore the possible protective effects of nitrite administration before IRI. Methods: A rat model of segmental ischemia followed by 4 hours of reperfusion including microdialysis (μD) was developed from earlier models. The effects of IPC and R-IPC were compared using transaminases and histology as well as continuous μD sampling for glucose, pyruvate, lactate and glycerol. The role of the NO system was examined by serum and μD measurements of NOx as well as tissue measurements of iNOS mRNA and IL-1R mRNA. In study II, patients were randomized to IPC or no IPC prior to liver resection, where intermittent PM was used to decrease bleeding. Results: IPC was more effective in protecting the liver against IRI than R-IPC, as indicated by the levels of transaminases. Lower lactate levels were detected in patients treated with IPC before major liver resections than in controls. IPC reduced iNOS mRNA transcription during reperfusion; this result may be related to the early but not sustained increases in IL-1R transcription observed in the IPC group. Nitrite administered before ischemia reduced AST and ALT levels in the level after 4 hours of reperfusion; in addition, necrosis and glycerol release from the ischemic liver were reduced as well. Conclusion: IPC is more effective than R-IPC in animal models; however, this effect is unlikely to be of clinical importance. NOx decreases in the ischemic liver and the administration of nitrite before ischemia reduces IRI in rats. This may have clinical implications in the future.
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Schoonees, Talia. "Impermeable recurve seawalls to reduce wave overtopping." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86369.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sea-level rise due to climate change results in deeper water next to existing coastal structures, which in turn enables higher waves to reach these structures. Wave overtopping occurs when wave action discharges water over the crest of a coastal structure. Therefore, the higher waves reaching existing structures will cause higher wave overtopping rates. One possible solution to address increasing overtopping, is to raise the crest level of existing coastal structures. However, raising the crest level of a seawall at the back of a beach, will possibly obstruct the view to the ocean from inland.
Alternatively, recurves can be incorporated into the design of both existing and new seawalls. The recurve wall reduces overtopping by deflecting uprushing water seawards as waves impact with the wall. The main advantage of seawalls with recurves is that their crest height can be lower, but still allow for the same wave overtopping rate as vertical seawalls without recurves.
This project investigates the use of recurve seawalls at the back of a beach to reduce overtopping and thereby reducing the required wall height. The objectives of the project are twofold, namely: (1) to compare overtopping rates of a vertical seawall without a recurve and seawalls with recurves; and (2) to determine the influence that the length of the recurve overhang has on the overtopping rates.
To achieve these objectives, physical model tests were performed in a glass flume equipped with a piston type wave paddle that is capable of active wave absorption. These tests were performed on three different seawall profiles: the vertical wall and a recurve section with a short and a long seaward overhang, denoted as Recurve 1 and Recurve 2 respectively. Tests were performed with 5 different water-levels, while the wall height, wave height and period, and seabed slope remained constant. Both breaking and non-breaking waves were simulated.
A comparison of test results proves that the two recurve seawalls are more effective in reducing overtopping than the vertical seawall. The reduction of overtopping can be as high as 100%, depending on the freeboard and wave conditions.
Recurve 2 proves to be the most efficient in reducing overtopping. However, in the case of a high freeboard (low water-level at the toe of the structure), the reduction in overtopping for Recurve 1 and Recurve 2 was almost equally effective. This is because all water from the breaking waves is reflected. Even for the simulated lower relative freeboard cases, the recurve walls offer a significant reduction in overtopping compared with the vertical wall.
A graph is presented which shows that the length of the seaward overhang influences the overtopping performance of the seawall. As the seaward overhang length increases, the wave overtopping rate decreases. However, for high freeboard cases the length of the seaward overhang becomes less important. The graph gives designers an indication of how recurves can be designed to reduce seawall height while retaining low overtopping. It is recommended that further model tests be performed for additional overhang lengths.
Incorporation of recurves into seawall design represents an adaptation to problems of sea-level rise due to global warming<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stygende seevlak as gevolg van klimaatverandering, veroorsaak dat dieper water langs bestaande kusstrukture voorkom. Gevolglik kan hoër golwe hierdie strukture bereik. Golfoorslag vind plaas wanneer water oor die kruin van ‘n kusstruktuur, hoofsaaklik deur golfaksie, spat of vloei. Dus sal hoër golfhoogtes tot verhoogde golfoorslag lei. Een moontlike oplossing vir hierdie verhoogde golfoorslag is om die kruinhoogte van bestaande kusstrukture te verhoog. In die geval van ‘n seemuur aan die agterkant van ‘n strand, kan hoër strukture egter die see-uitsig na die see vanaf die land belemmer. Om hierdie probleem te vermy, kan terugkaatsmure in die ontwerp van bestaande en nuwe seemure ingesluit word.
Terugkaatsmure verminder golfoorslag deurdat opspattende water, afkomstig van invallende golwe terug, na die see gekaats word. Die grootste voordeel van ‘n terugkaatsmuur is dat hierdie tipe muur ‘n laer kruinhoogte as die vertikale seemuur sonder ‘n terugkaatsbalk, vir dieselfde golfoorslagtempo kan hê.
Hierdie projek ondersoek dus die gebruik van terugkaatsmure aan die agterkant van ‘n strand met die doel om golfoorslag te verminder en sodoende die vereiste muurhoogte te verminder. Die doelwit vir die projek is tweeledig: (1) om die golfoorslagtempo van terugkaatsmure te vergelyk met dié van ‘n vertikale muur sonder ‘n terugkaatsbalk; en (2) om die invloed van die terugkaatsmuur se oorhanglengte op die golfoorslagtempo te bepaal.
Om bogenoemde doelwitte te bereik, is fisiese modeltoetse in ‘n golfkanaal, wat met ‘n suiertipe golfopwekker toegerus is en wat aktiewe golfabsorbering toepas, uitgevoer. Hierdie toetse is op drie verskillende seemuurprofiele, naamlik ‘n vertikale muur en ‘n terugkaatsmuur met ‘n kort en lang oorhang, genaamd “Recurve 1” en “Recurve 2” onderskeidelik, uitgevoer. Die muurhoogte, die seebodemhelling asook die golfhoogte en –periode is tydens al die toetse konstant gehou. Vir elke profiel is toetse by 5 verskillende watervlakke vir beide brekende en ongebreekte golwe uitgevoer.
Uit die toetsresultate is dit duidelik dat terugkaatsmure meer effektief as vertikale mure is om golfoorslag te beperk. Die vermindering van golfoorslag kan tot 100% wees, afhangende van die vryboord en golftoestande.
Daar is bevind dat “Recurve 2” golfoorslag die effektiefste verminder. In die geval van hoë vryboord (lae watervlak by die toon van die struktuur) is daar egter gevind dat “Recurve 1” en “Recurve 2” die golfoorslag feitlik ewe goed beperk. Dit is die geval aangesien alle water van die brekende golwe weerkaats word. In die geval van ‘n lae vryboord, word die voordeel van die terugkaatsmuur teengewerk deurdat daar ‘n kleiner verskil in golfoorslagtempo’s tussen die drie profiele is.
‘n Grafiek is voorgelê wat wys dat die lengte van die terugkaatsmuur se oorhang golfoorslag beperk. ‘n Groter oorhanglengte van die terugslagmuur veroorsaak ‘n groter vermindering in golfoorslag. Vir gevalle met ‘n hoë vryboord, is daar egter gevind dat die oorhanglengte van die terugslagmuur minder belangrik is. Hierdie grafiek gee ontwerpers ‘n aanduiding van hoe terugslagmure ontwerp kan word met ‘n lae hoogte terwyl ‘n lae oorslagtempo behou word.
Die gebruik van terugslagmure bied ‘n aanpassing vir die probleme van seevlakstyging, as gevolg van klimaatverandering.
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Adams, Rachel. "Training response inhibition to reduce food consumption." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/70025/.
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Response inhibition refers to our ability to stop or interrupt impulsive actions. This cognitive process is essential for goal-directed behaviour, and deficits in inhibitory control have been associated with various impulse control disorders including substance use and obesity. However, recent research has demonstrated the potential of response inhibition training as a therapeutic tool for reducing impulsive behaviours. Theoretical models argue that training inhibition towards tempting stimuli may prime general self-control or cause the devaluation of inhibited stimuli. Here, I investigated the effectiveness of a single session of food-related inhibition training on food consumption in restrained eaters. Furthermore, I examined the role of different training protocols, stimulus-specific associations and underlying cognitive mechanisms. Participants received either inhibition or control training using a modified version of either the stop-signal or go/no-go task. During training the associations between stop and go responses were manipulated for particular foods. The consumption of and attitudes towards trained and untrained foods were then measured. Results for food consumption showed a greater difference in intake between inhibition and control groups on the go/no-go task compared to the stop-signal task. There was also evidence to show that the effect generalised to a novel unhealthy food following go/no-go training. However, the inclusion of an additional control group, who did not make any responses during training, provided evidence to suggest that differences in intake were the result of increased consumption in the ‘control’ group rather than decreased consumption in the inhibition group. Furthermore, I found limited evidence to suggest an effect of inhibition training on either implicit or explicit attitudes towards food. These results cast doubt on the effects of inhibition training on behaviour and demonstrate that more appropriate control tasks and dependent measures are required in future research to fully explore its potential.
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Joyce, Sarah Leigh. "Do Victim Impact Panels Reduce DUI Recidivism?" Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28083.
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This study looks at Victim Impact Panels as an effective program for reducing recidivism of convicted drunk drivers. Researchers collected data on a group of DUI offenders who were sentenced to attend a Victim Impact Panel (VIP) after being convicted of a DUI (410 cases) and a group of DUI offenders who were sentenced by a judge who did not order them to attend a VIP (373 cases). Using logistic regression, researchers found those offenders who were sentenced to attend a Victim Impact Panel were significantly less [likely] to reoffend, both in terms of subsequent DUI convictions, and criminal offenses in general. In addition, this study showed Victim Impact Panels proved to be beneficial to those offenders who have had previous DUI convictions, and have attended a Victim Impact Panel in the past. The resulting policy and program implications are discussed.
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Martin, Joshua Deckert. "Evaluating Active Interventions to Reduce Student Procrastination." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52984.
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Procrastination is a pervasive problem in education. In computer science, procrastination and lack of necessary time management skills to complete programming projects are viewed as primary causes of student attrition. The most effective techniques known to reduce procrastination are resource-intensive and do not scale well to large classrooms.
In this thesis, we examine three course interventions designed to both reduce procrastination and be scalable for large classrooms. Reflective writing assignments require students to reflect on their time management choices and how these choices impact their classroom performance. Schedule sheets force students to plan out their work on an assignment. E-mail alerts inform students of their current progress as they work on their projects, and provide ideas on improving their work behavior if their progress is found to be unsatisfactory. We implemented these interventions in a junior-level course on data structures. The study was conducted over two semesters and 330 students agreed to participate in the study. Data collected from these students formed the basis of our analysis of the interventions.
We found a statistically significant relationship between the time a project was completed and the quality of that work, with late work being of lower quality. We also found that the e-mail alert intervention had a statistically significant effect on reducing the number of late submissions. This result occurred despite students responded negatively to the treatment.<br>Master of Science
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Bartholomew, Kyle R. "Does Family Instability Reduce Offspring Socioeconomic Outcomes?" The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480321313040901.
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Booker, Lamont. "Targeting the endocannabinoid system to reduce nociception." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2419.
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Pain of various etiologies (e.g., visceral, inflammatory) can be a debilitating disorder that presents a problem of clinical relevance. While it is known that ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) the primary psychoactive constituent found in marijuana produces analgesia in various rodent models of pain, its pharmacological properties are overshadowed by its psychomimetic effects. THC is the primary phytocannabinoid found in marijuana though other prevalent constituents such as the phytocannabinoids (e.g., cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)) may possess antinociceptive actions without the psychomimetic effects associated with THC. Indeed, these phytocannabinoids act upon the endocannabinoid system (ECS) that is comprised of the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands (anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoyolglycerol (2-AG)), and endocannabinoid biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes. We hypothesize that phytocannabinoids as well as endocannabinoid catabolic enzyme inhibitors reduce nociception preclinical models of pain. In the first series of studies, the antinociceptive effects of prevalent phytocannabinoids were evaluated in the acetic acid stretching test, a rodent visceral pain model. While CBN and THC both produced antinociceptive effects via a CB1 mechanism of action, CBC, and CBD had no effect on nociception. Conversely, THCV antagonized the antinociceptive effects of THC. These results suggest that various constituents of marijuana may interact in a complex manner to modulate pain. Since the THC and CBN displayed their effects via specific endogenous cannabinoid receptors, we investigated whether increasing endocannabinoids block nociceptive behavior. Blockade of the catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) elevates AEA levels and elicits antinociceptive effects, without psychomimetic issues associated with THC. Similarly, blockade of another endocannabinoid catabolic enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) elevates (2-AG) and elicits antinociceptive effects. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that FAAH and/or MAGL inhibition blocks nociception in the acetic acid abdominal stretching model, and the LPS-induced allodynia (i.e. painful response to a non-noxious stimuli) model of inflammation. Genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of FAAH or pharmacological blockade of MAGL significantly reduced the total number of abdominal stretches in the visceral pain model. Additionally, blockade of both enzymes simultaneously produced an enhanced antinociceptive effect versus blocking the enzymes individually. These effects were mediated through CB1 receptors. However, in the LPS-induced allodynia model, FAAH inhibited anti-allodynic effects through a CB1 and CB2 receptor mechanismn. In both assays other potential targets of FAA substrates (i.e., mu-opioid, TRPV1, and PPAR-alpha receptors) did not play an apparent role in FAAH inhibited antinociceptive responses. Taken together, these results illustrate that targeting the endocannabinoid system via direct acting agonists such as the phytocannabinoids, or indirect methods (i.e. inhibiting degradative enzymes of the endogenous cannabinoids), represents a promising strategy to treat pain.
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Newham, James Joseph. "Interventions to reduce maternal anxiety in pregnancy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interventions-to-reduce-maternal-anxiety-in-pregnancy(c6995e6e-8b11-4611-8652-48fa2ab65d2e).html.
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Background: Maternal anxiety in pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of poor obstetric outcome, including preterm delivery, low birth weight and emergency caesarean delivery. Furthermore, mothers suffering from antenatal anxiety are more likely to experience delivery complications and develop postnatal depression. Consequently, the National Institute of Clinical and Health Excellence (NICE) in the UK have emphasised the need for non-pharmacological interventions to help reduce antenatal anxiety. Yoga may be a suitable intervention as it incorporates relaxation techniques with physical exercise that can be customised for pregnant women. Furthermore, it has been shown to be as effective as cognitive behavioural therapy in reducing anxiety in non-pregnant women. Aim: To develop and pilot a randomised controlled trial that tests a yoga-based relaxation therapy designed to help reduce maternal anxiety in pregnancy. Method: This thesis is divided into two sections. The first details the methodology, results and implications of pilot work conducted to develop the design for the larger RCT. This pilot work entailed (1) a survey of yoga instructors to examine the usual structure of yoga classes and the features of a class that make it beneficial, (2) a pilot study with the preliminary design for the larger RCT applied to women already attending antenatal yoga sessions, (3) a discussion group with yoga instructors who took part in the pilot study and (4) service user feedback on study design. The second section focuses on the implementation and findings of the RCT where pregnant women were recruited through an ultrasound department and community midwives. Pregnant women were subsequently randomised to either treatment-as-usual (TAU) or an 8-week programme of antenatal yoga to test whether a single session of yoga significantly lowered maternal anxiety and levels of the stress hormone cortisol, and whether multiple sessions help to reduce maternal anxiety, specifically fear of childbirth. Results Participants who attended antenatal yoga showed a significant decrease in fear of childbirth compared to at baseline. Furthermore, the decrease in scores was significantly greater than that observed for the control group. In contrast the control group showed significantly elevated depression scores post-intervention when compared to those that received yoga. A single session of yoga was shown to reduce both subjective ratings of anxiety and stress hormone levels. This effect remained at the final session of the intervention. Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest yoga to be a potentially useful intervention, both in the short and long term, in helping to reduce women’s anxieties towards labour and delivery. However further research is required to identify ways to research complementary therapies, which are readily available within the community, to help maintain the fidelity of comparison groups in scientific research.
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RADITE, PRAEKO AGUS SETIAWAN. "ELECTRO-OSMOTIC LUBRICATION TO REDUCE TILLAGE DRAFT." Kyoto University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202412.
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Jefford, Lenore M. "Attitudes toward homosexuality does exposure reduce prejudice? /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1995. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1995.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2776. Typescript. Abstract appears at the end of thesis as 1 leaf. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 21-24).
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Wooding, Anthea Ruth. "Agricultural strategies to reduce dough mixing requirements." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27606.
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The desirability of dough strength as a characteristic of wheat cultivars for bread-making has resulted in
breeding programmes targeting strong, well balanced dough properties. This strategy has also resulted
in undesirable increases in dough mixing requirements. These increases have created production
difficulties for Australian and New Zealand bakeries using the Mechanical Dough Development (MDD)
process by increasing the time and energy required to prepare bread doughs as well as increasing the
temperature of the dough Consequently, bread throughput is slower, the quality is not always desirable
and production costs cannot be reduced. The objective of this research was to determine whether dough
mixing requirements (as measured by the Mixograph and MDD laboratory mixer) could be reduced while
maintaining dough strength (as measured by the Brabender Extensigraph) and other desirable properties.
Although dough mixing requirements and dough strength appear to have similar dependencies on protein
composition, it is contended that this relationship or nexus may be addressed by changing the relative
proportions of functional protein and protein composition of wheat flour through genetic or agronomic
means. Central to this objective were two assumptions: dough strength as measured by the Brabender
Extensigraph as resistance to extension (RMAX) is a useful quality attribute in determining the
appropriateness of wheat flour for the MDD bread-making process, and that both Mixograph development
time (MDT) and MDD work input (BWI/NBWI) are good indicators of the time or energy required to mix
a dough to optimum consistency in an MDD bread-making process.
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Godoy, Andrew, and Nathan Allen. "DOES SPIRITUALITY REDUCE THE EFFECTS OF BURNOUT?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/478.
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Burnout is a topic that is drawing an increasing amount of attention in the social work field. The compassion and emotional energy that is used daily by these service providers can cause them to experience emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The effects of burnout are detrimental on several levels. Staff will experience decreased interest and efficiency in their work and may even leave their place of employment. Clients will not receive the help that they require and agencies will suffer from staff turnover and lowered productivity. Utilizing a survey including a burnout inventory and spirituality inventory, data was gathered regarding burnout and the spiritual attitudes and practices of 133 service providers. Results show that there is a negative significant relationship between depersonalization and spirituality. There was a positive significant relationship between personal accomplishment and spirituality. The correlation showed that personal accomplishment was negatively related to emotional exhaustion as well as depersonalization. These results are consistent with the literature in the way that it demonstrates that the use of spiritual beliefs and practices can reduce the effects of burnout on social workers.
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Onukogu, Dr Claret. "Streamlining Hospital Administrative Procedures to Reduce Costs." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4810.
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Americans spent nearly $2.6 trillion, or $8,000 per person for medical and administrative costs in 2010. By 2015, healthcare spending in the United States increased to 5.8% reaching $3.2 trillion or $9,990 per individual. By tackling healthcare administrative costs, it is estimated that healthcare providers could reduce these costs by $20 billion yearly. This case study explored strategies for streamlining hospital administrative procedures to reduce costs. The business process reengineering model formed the conceptual framework for this study. Data were gathered through semistructured face-to-face interviews guided by open-ended questions with a purposeful sample of 4 hospital managers in Atlanta, Georgia. This study identifies important themes regarding cost reduction and hospital administration based on participant interviews. Themes included participants' unfavorable perspectives of the Spell out PPACA (PPACA) legislation, employment of physicians, PPACA reimbursement method, follow-up services, hospital administrative governance, and lack of business education. The themes comprised steps hospital managers could take to streamline administrative procedures to reduce costs. The implications for positive social change included the potential to provide strategies for streamlined processes that could lead to savings passed on to patients from low socio-economic backgrounds through accessibility to affordable healthcare services.
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Hawkins, Nicole Lea. "Leader Strategies to Reduce Sales Personnel Attrition." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2153.
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Because sales are the primary revenue generators for insurance companies, reducing attrition of sales agents is essential to organizational success. The purpose of this single descriptive case study was to explore strategies that 6 Nebraskan sales leaders within the insurance industry used to reduce attrition. Participants had experience in sales leadership and the attrition of sales personnel and were able to provide insight into the unique perspectives on attrition in the insurance industry. Participants met the following criteria: (a) manage an insurance sales office or organization or (b) held an insurance sales leadership position for at least 1 year and (c) are actively employed in the insurance industry. Data were collected from interviews with sales leaders, focus groups with sales representatives, and documentation from organizational websites for data triangulation. The expectancy theory framework guided the data analysis process. The data analysis process involved using thematic analysis which allowed coding data that related to the expectancy theory and research question. Data analysis also included the uncovering of repetitive themes and patterns and synthesizing results. Five themes emerged from data analysis: (a) leadership's responsibility for motivating sales personnel, (b) organizational commitment to creating a culture of engagement, (c) the use of compensation and rewards as sales motivators, (d) the necessity for training and development, and (e) a need to improve the selection process for new candidates. Organizational leaders may apply findings in other, similar settings to strategize community growth initiatives encouraging young people entering the workforce to stimulate local economies. Other possible benefits include reduced customer issues and claims.
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Davidson, Ransford George. "Leadership Strategies to Reduce Employees' Occupational Stress." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5849.
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Job-related aspects of the work environment, such as work pressure, workload, leadership, and management support cause occupational stress and increase costs to organizations. Grounded in the job demands-resources model theory, the purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies some bank managers use to reduce employees' occupational stress. The interview process included 5 managers employed at a bank in the Caribbean who successfully implemented strategies that reduced employees' occupational stress. The data collection and analysis process involved face-to-face, semistructured interviews and analysis of organizational documentation. Using the exploratory approach in data analysis, data were systematically integrated, evaluated, and summarized through a process of coding and generating themes and patterns. During the coding process, 4 major themes emerged: organizational protection and leadership, supportive organization, occupational health and well-being, and prevention. Business managers who develop and execute strategies centered on these themes might reduce job-related stress factors and the negative consequences of occupational stress. The study results might prompt business leaders to develop prevention strategies to address the causes of potential stressors linked to work conditions. The implications for positive social change include the potential for improving employee health and reducing health costs to employees, their families, and communities.
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Smith, Adam. "Reduce Stress among Nurses through Gamification : A Study of Finding Stress Factors among Nurses and Suggesting Gamification to Reduce Stress." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291442.
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This study shows that stress is one of the important issues which may have a negative impactboth in physical and mental effects on a nurse's working life. Poor ergonomics of the hospitaland a poor behavior approach of nurses can cause stress. To reduce these stress factors, thisstudy suggests solutions based on gamification that imply activities to create a good workingenvironment and to reduce the stress to ensure the good health and well-being of the nurseswho work different shifts especially in night shifts. To achieve the purpose, qualitative researchis used as a method. For this study, nurses who work in hospitals were interviewed in differentshifts especially in night shifts with some open-ended questions related to stress andgamification. Based on their answers, trying to evaluate and analyze the problem and findings.Based on the findings, a gamification concept was developed to provide recommendations tohandle the stress and to be motivated and engaged to develop the well-being of life.<br>Denna studie visar att stress är en av de viktigaste frågorna som kan ha en negativ inverkanbåde på fysiska och mentala effekter på sjuksköterskans arbetsliv. Dålig ergonomi på sjukhusetoch sjuksköterskors dåliga beteende kan orsaka stress. För att minska dessa stressfaktorerföreslår denna studie lösningar baserade på gamification som innebär aktiviteter för att skapaen bra arbetsmiljö och för att minska stressen för att säkerställa god hälsa och välbefinnandehos sjuksköterskor som arbetar olika skift, särskilt på nattskift. För att uppnå syftet användskvalitativ forskning som metod. För denna studie intervjuades sjuksköterskor som arbetar påsjukhus i olika skift, särskilt på nattskift med några öppna frågor relaterade till stress ochgamification. Baserat på deras svar, försöker utvärdera och analysera problemet och resultaten.Baserat på resultaten utvecklades ett spelkoncept för att ge rekommendationer för att hanterastress och för att vara motiverad och engagerad för att utveckla livets välbefinnande.
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Jia, Gaoxun. "The reasonable ways to reduce heat losses from windows." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12260.
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The window insulation always plays an important role in building design and thermal comfort, it is one of the main parts needed to be optimized in building envelop. Window insulation is a basic element which can decide the insulation capacity. The large heat loss from the window is the main part of wasting energy, and simultaneously, there is also difficult to explore the new energy source and to improve the current heat generation device efficiency in this energy crisis century. Therefore, building a proper insulated window system is a good approach to keep an acceptable indoor climate as well as to reduce energy use and negative climate effects. On the other hand, there are amounts of old houses and poorly design houses all over the world either in a well developed country or a developing country. Therefore it can form a better atmosphere to optimize the window worldwide. The aim of the thesis is telling the reader what kind of optimization can be done to get better window insulation. This thesis starts with a briefly introduction to give the basic knowledge of heat loss from windows, and then shows the heat loss level in comparison with other parts of building. Afterwards it gives the optimization strategy to make good window glazing and window frames. For frame design, the hollow frame material property and the benefits of insulants filling window system are described. There are still some problems which exist for the energy efficient windows, such as condensation problem. The thesis also shows this kind of problem and the solution approach.
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Morarend, Quinn Alan Spector Michael L. Dawson Deborah V. "The use of RESPeRATE to reduce dental anxiety." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/410.
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Brose, Gary D. "Could realistic job previews reduce first-term attrition?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA360695.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1999.<br>"March 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Mark J. Eitelberg, Alice Crawford. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90). Also available online.
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Morken, Jan Tore. "Distributed NetFlow Processing Using the Map-Reduce Model." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10853.
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<p>We study the viability of using the map-reduce model and frameworks for NetFlow data processing. The map-reduce model is an approach to distributed processing that simplifies implementation work, and it can also help in adding fault tolerance to large processing jobs. We design and implement two prototypes of a NetFlow processing tool. One prototype is based on a design where we freely choose an approach that we consider optimal with regard to performance. This prototype functions as a reference design. The other prototype is based on and makes use of the supporting features of a map-reduce framework. The performance of both prototypes is benchmarked, and we evaluate the performance of the framework based prototype against the reference design. Based on the benchmarks we analyse and comment the differences in performance, and make a conclusion about the suitability of the map-reduce model and frameworks for the problem at hand.</p>
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Von, Solms Woudi. "Utilizing geocaching to reduce obesity and increase tourism." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011157.
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Tourism has social and economic benefits. Economic benefits are received through tourists visiting tourist attractions. Social benefits related to benefits tourists receive personally when visiting tourist attractions. The number of individuals that are obese are constantly increasing and leads to hazardous medical conditions. The aim of this research study was to determine the extent to which geocaching can be used to increase tourism and decrease obesity. Geocaching is similar to a treasure hunt where participant use clues and a Global Positioning System device to find a treasure that are called a cache. The cache is filled with trinkets that are exchanged by participants that find the cache. Students of the second avenue campus of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University were used as respondents and given information on what geocaching involve. Three geocaches were hidden in The Boardwalk Casino and Entertainment World in Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth. The respondents met at The Boardwalk Casino and Entertainment World where a clue and map was provided. After finding the cache the respondents was asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire. The results were calculated and conclusions and recommendations were made. The primary research process was conducted over too short a period of time to conclude whether it can lead to a reduction in obesity. However geocaching experience by respondents did show that the process of geocaching involves physical exercise, which is needed for losing weight. Research also indicated that respondents would like to geocache with family and friends. Geocaching with family and friends involves support which secondary research have also proven is important to losing weight and decreasing obesity. Respondents indicated that they enjoyed geocaching and would like to geocache in their free time. The indication of enjoying geocaching, participating in geocaching during free time allows travelling for leisure purposes as to geocache travelling is necessary and the majority of geocaches is hidden at tourist attractions. The combination of travelling to tourist attractions, enjoying the experience and partaking in physical exercise with family and friends involve two of the three main aspects seen as helping to reduce obesity: enjoyable physical activity and support from family and friends. The conclusion is therefore that geocaching can be utilised to increase tourism and reduce obesity.
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Jones, Timothy James Julian. "Neuroprotection during cardiac surgery : strategies to reduce embolisation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414416.
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Brewster, Sarah Elizabeth. "Using implementation intentions to reduce drivers' speeding behaviour." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27088.
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Implementation intentions are IF-THEN plans that facilitate the performance of intended behaviours by linking critical situations in which to behave with goal-directed responses, or strategies, that ensure successful behavioural performance. This research investigated the effect of implementation intentions on drivers’ speeding behaviour. Chapter 1 discusses the negative impact of speeding on road safety, the economy, the environment and health and wellbeing. Chapter 2 explores the influence of motivation (e.g., goal intentions) and habit on speeding behaviour and concludes that a substantial proportion of drivers speed despite holding generally positive intentions to avoid speeding. Chapter 3 introduces the concept of implementation intentions and reviews research suggesting that they could be useful for reducing speeding. Chapter 4 presents study 1, in which the effect of implementation intentions on self-reported speeding was tested while addressing several limitations with the existing evidence-base. Implementation intentions were effective at reducing speeding and moderated the past-subsequent behaviour and goal intention-subsequent behaviour relationships, in line with the idea that implementation intentions can weaken habits, thereby allowing drivers to behave in accordance with their goal intentions. Chapter 5 presents study 2, in which a driving simulator was used to test the effect of implementation intentions’ on objectively measured behaviour and to test the extent to which the effects of implementation intentions generalise from the situations specified in the IF component of the plan, to unspecified situations. Behaviour-change occurred in specified situations and, also, contextually similar unspecified situations. Chapter 6 presents study 3, which focused on the THEN component of implementation intentions. The most effective type of goal-directed response for reducing speeding was explored. No effect of implementation intentions was observed. Potential reasons are discussed. Chapter 7 presents the implications for road safety and future research.
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Ekman, John. "Can a scoring system reduce unnecessary scrotal explorations?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-66698.
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