Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réduction de la chimie'
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Labrune, Philippe. "Procédé bioélectrochimique de réduction de la méthémoglobine." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30089.
Full textFREYSZ, JEAN-LUC. "Reduction catalytique selective des oxydes d'azote par le propene en exces d'oxygene sur platine supporte nouvelle methode d'analyse temporelle simultanee de la surface catalytique et de la phase gaz par couplage irtf - sm." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN2019.
Full textAdjidjonou, Kossi. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères supports chiraux : application à la réduction asymétrique." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10110.
Full textHallouis, Sophie. "Etude des associations réactifs de Grignard-borohydrures (Zn, Ca, Li) : réduction et alkylation-réduction de dérivés d'acides." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10020.
Full textBaralle, Alexandre. "Procédés redox et photoredox impliquant des complexes de cuivre(I) et de cuivre(II)." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066785.
Full textThe work described in this Ph. D. Thesis is devoted to the development of new methodologies allowing radicals formation using redox process. We started with potassium trifluoroborates oxidation using copper(II), leading to the formation of alkyls radicals. These radicals can react in an intermolecular way to form carbon-carbon bonds. Moreover, it has been proved that the reaction conditions are compatible with usual organic functions showing the usefulness of this reactivity in organic synthesis. Aware of the importance of arylation in organic synthesis we then developed methodology to frorm aryl radical by iodonium salts reduction using copper(I) polypyridine photoactivable complex. This second study had a part in the rise of first line metals photoredox chemistry. Allowing the replacement of ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes. A mechanistic insight allowed us to plan a further development of new photoactivable copper catalysts and their use in organic synthesis
Syzgantseva, Olga. "Modélisation des oxydes métalliques hydrogénés : vers une compréhension des mécanismes de réduction." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066056.
Full textMalfoy, Philippe. "Réduction catalytique de NO et N2O par H2, CO ou C3H8." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10183.
Full textMiry, Claudie. "Catalyse de la réduction électrochimique du dioxygène par les biporphyrines hétérobimétalliques et les complexes cobalt-tétraazaannulenes." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2040.
Full textMathieu, Eliane. "Etude du mécanisme de la réduction électrochimique de l'acide isonicotinique et de ses dérivés." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS015.
Full textBel, Rhlid Rachid. "Réduction microbiologique énantiogénique d'alpha-diones. Application à la synthèse de phéromones." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21226.
Full textMéheust-Lafitte, Cécile. "Réactivité en milieu superacide d'alcaloi͏̈des de la pervenche de Madagascar [Catharanthus roseus (L. ) G. Don]; application à la synthèse d'analogues réduits, fluorés ou réarrangés." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2310.
Full textGamez, Patrick. "Nouveaux catalyseurs hétérogènes énantiosélectifs : réduction de cétones prochirales, alkylation de Trost-Tsuji." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10141.
Full textYousfi, Smaïl. "Réduction asymétrique de cétones prochirales par des réactifs supportés." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10010.
Full textVergne, Sonia. "Mécanismes de réduction des oxydes d'azote sur catalyseurs zéolithiques CuMFI et PtNaEMT." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2314.
Full textDossot, Manuel. "Rôle de la structure chimique du donneur sur l'efficacité des réactions de transfert de charge photoinduit." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0655.
Full textEugene, Fabrice. "Réactivité des espèces dérivées du soufre IV : synthèses de sulfones et d'oléfines et réactions de réduction." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10218.
Full textSicsic, David. "Modélisation thermodynamique et cinétique de la réduction de l'acide nitrique concentré." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066645.
Full textCollange, Edmond. "Quelques aspects physico-chimiques des iodothyronines : ionisation, complexation, réduction électrochimique, analyse chromatographique en phase gazeuse." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS061.
Full textAnne, Agnès. "Réduction électrochimique de la daunomycine : activation de l'oxygène : génération d'une espèce alkylante." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077001.
Full textSiffredi, Gérald. "Renaissance de la chimie de l'ion uranyle (UO2) 2+ en solution non aqueuse." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112284.
Full textThis work deals with new aspects of the chemistry of the uranyl(VI) ion {UO2}2+ in anhydrous polar organic solvents such as the activation of the reputedly inert U–Oyl bond and the controlled reduction of this species which represent a particularly active field of research that attracts much attention for both its fundamental aspects and applications. Treatment of uranyl(VI) compounds UO2X’2 (X’ = I, OTf, Cl) with Me3SiX (X = Cl, Br, I) reagents, in various anhydrous polar organic solvents, has been first considered. In most cases, reduction into tetravalent species with complete deoxygenation of the uranyl {UO2}2+ ion is observed. The reaction is particularly efficient in acetonitrile where the tetravalent [UX4(MeCN)4] complexes, which are useful precursors in uranium chemistry, are isolated. In the course of these reactions, the influence of the solvent, the nature of X’ and X in the UO2X’2 precursor and the Me3SiX reagent are pointed out. Reaction of the uranyl(VI) UO2X2 (X = I, Cl, OTf, NO3) precursors with the anionic MC5R5 (M = K, R = H, Me ; M = Li, R = Me ; M = Tl, R = H) reagents did not lead to the organometallic [(η5-C5R5)nUO2X2-n] species (n = 1, 2) but to pentavalent uranyl(V) complexes. This method is a facile and rapid route towards the formation of stable pentavalent uranyl which offers promising sources for further U(V) chemical developments and for fundamental and applied interests. Their structure is strongly dependent on the nature of the solvent, the additional ligands X and of the M+ cation. In pyridine, the {UO2(py)5}+ ion appears to be an ubiquitous and a quite stable entity. The coordinating properties of the basic oxo groups, which coordinate easily to M+ ions (M = Li, K, Tl), favour structural diversity with formation of heteropolymetallic complexes such as [{UO2(py)5}{MX(py)2}] (M = Li, X = I), [{UO2(py)5}{MX2(py)2}]∞ (M = K, Tl, X = OTf ; M = K, X = I), [{UO2(py)5}(M2X3)]∞ (M = Li, X = OTf) or [{UO2(py)5}2(M3X5)]∞ (M = K ; X = OTf). With precipitation of insoluble MX salt (TlI in pyridine for example), reactions give mononuclear species like [UO2(py)5][I]. Once again, the results presented here highlight the advantage of handling uranyl(VI) compounds in strictly anhydrous and deoxygenated media and further demonstrate that uranyl chemistry will witness novel developments under such experimental conditions
Davranche, Mélanie. "Evaluation du potentiel de remobilisation de la charge en métaux lourds de solides pollués en milieu réducteur." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0028.
Full textBesbes, Néji. "Réactivité d'aziridines n-acylées : transfert monoélectronique par voies chimique et électrochimique : isomérisation par l'iodure de sodium." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10016.
Full textBerthe, Bénédicte. "Étude de la cyclisation d'amines secondaires homoallyliques induite par un réactif électrophile sélénié. Réactivité des α-phénylsélanylméthyl azétidines." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES001.
Full textNgono, Christian Joseph. "Synthèses et application de nouveaux ligands chiraux de type complexes ortho-hydroxyarylphosphines-borane." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30004.
Full textSynthesis of a new class of chiral bidentate P-O ligands is described. In the first part, the totally diastereoselective synthesis of several P(III)-chirogenic o-triméthylsiloxyaryl diazaphospholidines was achieved by exchange reaction in refluxing toluene from the key-intermediates HMPT and various chiral diamines. Complexation of diazaphospholidines by borane and subsequent methanolysis of the siloxy ether function lead to the formation of the desired o-hydroxyaryl diazaphospholidine-borane complexes. In a second part, those compounds were prepared from chiral o-bromoaryloxyphosphines via a totally diastereoselective P-O to P-C bond rearrangement. This second procedure could be extended to a greater variety of chiral auxiliaries such as diols. Those new complexes have finally been used as catalysts in the enantioselective reduction of ketones by borane. This study represents the first application of o-phosphinophénols as non-metallic catalysts
Ahra, El-Habib. "Etude cinétique et cristallographique de la réduction de l'hématite en magnétite par le monoxyde de carbone à températures élevées, comprises entre (700-950 °C)." Metz, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1993/Ahra.El_Habib.SMZ9320.pdf.
Full textDuring hematite-magnetite reduction there is an important cristallographic change. Hematite is rhomboedral and magnetite is cubic (Fcc). There is topotactical relationships between the two oxides. The first part is the kinetic study of hematite single crystal having a parallelepipedic shape. The second part is the study of the evolution of the crystallographic texture of the magnetite layer between the interface and surface. These two studies help us to understand the kinetical behaviour of the reaction
Badie, Jérôme. "Réduction de l'iodure d'argent en solution aqueuse : application à la séparation poussée de l'iode lors du traitement des combustibles nucléaires usés." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30005.
Full textSilver iodide is a key-compound in nuclear chemistry either in accidental conditions or during the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. In french reprocessing plants, iodine is trapped in the dissolver off-gas treatment unit by scrubbing with a caustic soda solution and by chemisorption on mineral porous traps impregnated with silver nitrate, leading to the production of silver iodide and silver iodate. Enhanced separation policy would make necessary to recover iodine from the filters by silver iodide dissolution during a reducing treatment. For this purpose, ascorbic acid and hydroxylamine were used
Labruyere, Franck. "Activation hors site des catalyseurs d'hydrotraitement." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10255.
Full textDi, Guardia Stéphane. "Synthèse de diterpènes linéaires bifonctionnalisés." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30064.
Full textEl-Alj, Khalid. "Réduction catalytique en phase liquide du parachloronitrobenzène sur métaux de Raney à base nickel." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10107.
Full textAdler, Pauline. "Réactivité des alpha-amino allénylphosphonates : des amino vinylphosphonates aux spirodiénones lactames." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS209.
Full textIn the past few years, aminophosphonates have attracted considerable attention due to their use as analogues of aminoacids. These compounds show a wide range of biological activities. Recently a new approach for the preparation of aminophosphonates, based on the asymmetric reduction of amino vinylphosphonates (AVPs), has been developed. Although several synthesis of AVPs are reported in the literature, their applicability to large scale and with a large diversity of substituents remains a challenge. This observation led us to stereoselectively prepare alpha-AVPs. We developed a short, efficient and stereoselective synthesis to access these AVPs. The first part of the work was the development of an efficient synthesis of alpha-amino allenylphosphonates (AAPs) to investigate their reduction as AVPs.The following challenge was the chemo- and stereoselective reduction of the AAPs into AVPs. We have established some rules to predict the stereoselectivity of this reduction, depending on the substitution on the allenyl moiety, on the phosphonate group and on the nitrogen atom in order to prepare either the (E)- or the (Z)-AVP.As an alternative to this chemical reduction, we started an electrochemical study on our substrates (Collaboration with Pr. Pedro de Oliveira, Université Paris Sud). We showed that we were able to chemoselectively reduce the AAPs into amino allylphosphonates. In order to enlarge our catalog of AVPs, we studied the reactivity of AVPs towards the metathesis reaction (Collaboration with Dr. Joëlle Prunet, University of Glasgow). We developed a short synthesis that gives us access to new cyclic AVPs. In the course of our studies on AAPs, we explored their reactivities towards oxidation. This led us to prepare three different types of azaspirodienones. A comprehensive study of the mechanism has been undertaken
Bodineau, Nicolas. "Le magnésium : réduction d'hydrocarbures polyaromatiques et étude du mécanisme de la formation des réactifs de Grignard aromatiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30078.
Full textAfter more than 70 years of experimental investigations, the mechanism of formation of the Grignard reagent is far from being fully understood. This thesis aims at the semi-quantitative determination of the reducing ability of magnesium under various states (clusters of various size, turnings), and the mechanism of formation of aromatic organomagnesium compounds. The first part deals with the reduction of polyaromatic hydrocarbons of known E° by magnesium. These reductions eventually lead to the formation of radical anions, characterised by ESR spectroscopy. A value of the reduction potential of the couple Mg/̂Mg is estimated, and the Marcus theory is applied to the Grignard reagent formation. On the other hand, this work strongly hints that the reduction potential of Mg°/Mg is dependent upon the type of magnesium (turnings or highly divided magnesium). Quantum size effects are for the first time evidenced for Mgn clusters with small n. The second part is devoted to the inhibition effect in the Grignard reagent formation. .
Nguyen, Ngoc Hoa. "Etude de la réactivité d'électrodes de carbone modifiées par des unités catéchols introduites par réduction de sels de diazonium." Le Mans, 2010. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2010/2010LEMA1028.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns the introduction of catechol functionality on carbon surface by reduction of diazonium salts. First, a bibliographic study of diazonium salt synthesis methods is presented, followed by a brief topic of their potentialities in organic chemistry. The synthesis of diazonium salts used in this study is described in detail. In chapter 2, the modification of carbon surfaces by electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts is reported. An original procedure for preparing in situ a diazonium salt from a nitro compound is presented and compared to the conventional procedure of preparation starting from an amine. The third chapter presents a detailed study on the reactivity of immobilized catechol groups in the presence of nucleophile models in solution. The effect of saturated or unsaturated carbon side chain is discussed. Chapter 4 presents the potentialities of this work in the area of the organic structuring of surfaces
El, Abdouni Hamid. "Evolution de la texture critallographique des oxydes de fer en cours de réduction." Metz, 1986. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1986/El_Abdouni.Hamid.SMZ8613.pdf.
Full textDion, Dorothée. "Etude du mécanisme de la réduction électrochimique de l'isonicotinamide et de ses derivés." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS040.
Full textDuchateau, Anne. "Réduction par électrolyse de nanoparticules d’oxydes de fer en milieu alcalin à 110°C." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066533.
Full textIron oxides play an important role in steel industry as precursors of iron. The current iron production process in blast furnaces is responsible for 3 to 5% of the world CO2 rejections. Reducing the iron oxides in suspension by electrolysis in strongly alkaline medium (18 M) at 110°C is a promising way to lower the CO2 rejections while improving steel production efficiency, that has been studied for years. The aim of this work is the determination of the most reliable oxide concerning metallic iron production and a more accurate comprehension of the electrolytic reduction mechanisms in order optimize the production process. The experiments are carried out on iron oxides nanoparticles (hematite, goethite, lepidocrocite, akaganeite, magnetite) synthesized according to well known methods which allow us to obtain perfectly defined objects concerning the structure, size and morphology. Hematite is the only oxide to be stable in the 18 M sodium hydroxide solution for a long lasting period. The ageing of the other iron oxides nanoparticles in hot concentrated sodium hydroxide solution led to the formation of sodium ferrite NaFeO2, the transformation duration depending on the starting iron oxide. NaFeO2 precipitation competes with the reduction reaction and lead to less reproducibility and/or less good performances. Indeed, the dissolved ferric species are the intermediates of the reduction by electrolysis mechanism and ions consumption by NaFeO2 precipitation is obviously harmful to metallic iron production. The most reliable oxides are commercial Hematite particles because of the good yields and the important metallic iron weights obtained with reproducibility
Michaut, Antoine. "Construction et réactivité de dérivés bicyclo [4. 2. 1] et bicyclo [4. 2. 0] : application à la préparation stéréosélective de cyclooctanes fonctionnalisés." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30043.
Full textWe developed a new methodology form 1,3-dicarbonyls for the selective synthesis of bicyclo[4. 2. 1]nonanes or bicyclo[4. 2. 0]octanes which upon fragmentation leads to functionalised cyclooctanes. Using bicyclicβ-ketoesters we proposed a 3-carbon ring expansion involving a domino cis-[alpha],γ-dialkylation followed by a ring closing metathesis. The corresponding bridged bicyclic compounds can be cleaved to fused bicyclo[6. 3. 0] found in naturally occuring asteriscanolide. We also found a unexpected solvent effect in the reduction of the 1,3-dicarbonyls with metal hydrides. The selectivity could be improved or reversed using DCM instead of THF, allowing to correct erroneous results from the literature. Finally, we studied a new 2-carbon ring expansion via a bicyclo[4. 2. 0]octanes generated by cleavage of allylsilanes obtained by cross metathesis. These intermediates were highlighted with -cétosulfones by isolation of the expected product arising from a new anionic domino ring expansion
Dhainaut, Fabien. "Réduction des oxydes d'azote par l'hydrogène sur des catalyseurs à base de métaux nobles supportés." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1f52f3af-74fd-4a68-b6f3-013c99de06b5.
Full textWang, Lianke. "Réduction catalytique du dioxygène et des protons par des complexes dinucléaires de Fe(II)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV020/document.
Full textThis thesis presented the design and synthesis of several bioinspired iron complexes bearing thiolate groups. Their structural, electronic, magnetic properties and their relationship also have been investigated by using different spectroscopic methods in combination with computational ones.This manuscript mainly focused on their catalytic or electrocatalytic propreties towards the reduction of O2. A non-heme diiron(II) complex with an unique thiol group has been synthesized and characterized. The thiol group can be deprotonated by base to derivate a neutral iron(II) thiolate complex. Both complexes displayed highly reactivity towards O2 to yield μ-hydroxo and μ-oxo bridged diron(III) complexes. Iron complex with thiol is an efficient ORR catalyst with 100% selectivity for H2O2 production in the presence of one-electron reducing agent and protons. When the catalysis is electrochemically-driven, H2O is the main product during electrocatalysis (~14-20% of H2O2). Based on the fact that hydrogen peroxide is generated in both cases (quantitatively or in a 20% amount in chemical and electrochemical catalysis, respectively), it can be proposed that a common intermediate, i.e. the calculated iron-peroxo complex, is generated during catalysis. The mechanism has been experimentally and theoretically investigated revealing that the control of the selectivity arises from the efficiency of the electron donor system (reducing chemical or applied potential).Another asymmetric diiron(II) complex with an FeCOCp unit has also been synthesized and well characterized in its two forms in MeCN. This asymmetric diiron (II) complex is active electrocatalyst for H2 production in an E(ECEC) mechanism with an activation step. The possible intermediates in the catalytic cycle have been generated and characterized by different spectroscopies. It should be noted that the bipyridine moiety in ligand acts as electron reservoir in the catalytic cycle.In addition, the first iron-based thiolate/disulfide interconversion system has been presented in this manuscript, which enriched the family of the metal-promoted interconversion between thiolate and disulfide. Interesingly, the iron-based system not only showed hailde-induced interconversion, but also the solvent-dependent properties.Finally, mononuclear iron(III)-thiolate complexes had interesting intermediate spin ground state. Susceptibility measurements, powder cw X- and Q-band EPR spectra, and zero-field powder Mössbauer spectra showed that all complexes display distinct magnetic anisotropy. Theoretical approach demonstrated that the main factor driving the magnetic anisotropy is the spin-orbit coupling (SOC)
Lin, Jian. "Réduction de cétones par des modèles libres et supportés du NADH : induction asymétrique avec des modèles chiraux." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10200.
Full textBecker, Sandrine. "Activation agrégative : application des réducteurs complexes au nickel dans les réactions de désulfuration." Nancy 1, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1991_0150_BECKER.pdf.
Full textMunier, Pascal. "Synthèses et propriétés de nouvelles classes d'osides." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10284.
Full textDecamp, Thierry. "Etude de l'évolution des propriétés adsorbantes et catalytiques des sulfures de métaux de transition en fonction du rapport soufre sur métal." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10012.
Full textTahri, Abdelali. "Propriétés électriques et réactivité du molybdate de nickel NiMoO4 synthétisé par réaction solide-solide : étude de la réduction (H2) et de la sulfuration (H2S/H2) par thermogravimétrie." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS018.
Full textGarza-Guadarrama, Virginia De la. "Electrodes composites à base de polymères conducteurs et de nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques de type spinelle pour l'électrocatalyse : réduction d'oxygène." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13182.
Full textWe have shown the feasibility of preparing multilayered composite electrodes based on polypyrrole (PPy) and mixed valence oxide nanoparticules of nickel and cobalt (NixCo3-xO4 with x=1 and 0. 3). The spinel oxide (Ox) NixCo3-xO4 was dispersed and confined in an inner PPy(Ox) layer sandwiched between two PPy layers. The first layer was electrodeposited on glassy carbon (GC) platelets, so that the resulting electrode had the structure GC/PPy/PPy(NixCo3-xO4)/PPy. NixCo3-xO4 spinel oxides were synthesized by: thermal decomposition of nitrates, hydroxides co-precipitation and sol-gel (PECHINI). Physical methods were used to characterize the oxides before and after embedment in the composite electrodes. These composite electrodes exhibit high electrocatalytic reactivity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (orr) to constant potentials (<-1V/SCE) and remarkable stability in alkaline medium. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the doping degree of PPy by Cl- ions. The mass of the oxide embedded in PPy was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and XPS. In this work, we have studied the parameters that control the formation and yields of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), obtained from the orr on CV/PPy/PPy(NixCo3-xO4)/PPy composite electrodes, with x=0. 3 and 1. The amounts of H2O2 produced by the rro, determined indirectly by iodine spectrometry, depend strongly on the oxide stoichiometry
Septavaux, Jean. "Réduction stéréosélective de substrats d’intérêt pharmacologique à réactivité réduite." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDM0002.
Full textIn this thesis, we present new procedures for the highly stereoselective synthesis of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and initiate their implementation in continuous flow for production. We developed several procedures for the highly diastereoselective hydrogenation reactions using chemically modified commercial heterogeneous catalysts. In addition, a three step reaction pathway through hydrolysis, highly diastereoselective hydrogenation reaction and conversion back to primary amide was developed to prepare. Modular high pressure continuous reactors have been designed and a prototype has been manufactured to perform the gas/liquid/solid triphasic hydrogenation reactions. Finally, we prepared a synthesis intermediate without solvents nor additives in continuous flow using a home-made micro-reactor, dramatically increasing the productivity of the process
Medaghri-Alaoui, Abdelouahid. "Réduction électrochimique du dibromodifluorométhane. Formation du radical anion (CF2Br2). ̱, du radical CF2Br. , du bromodifluorométhylure CF2Bṟ et du difluorocarbène : cf2." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20135.
Full textHeinrich-Salmeron, Audrey. "Diversité des mécanismes d’oxydo-réduction de l’arsenic chez les bactéries : des souches cultivables aux communautés." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6199.
Full textMicroorganisms are found in several environments from the friendliest to the most extreme such as arsenical environment as french mining sites of Carnoules, Salsigne or Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines. Some of them are involved in arsenic biochemical cycle and play a crucial role in its mobilization/immobilization and thus in its biodisponibility. These bacteria contain arsenite oxidase (coded by aox genes) catalyzing the oxidation of As III in As V. This oxidation constitutes the first arsenical environment detoxification stage. The aim of this work is the study of the diversity of bacterial arsenic oxido-reduction mechanisms. This study focuses on the diversity of aoxB genes from isolated strains or complex communities. Physiological characterizations of three strains have been first realized on Pseudomonas S11, Leptothrix S1. 1 and Thiomonas 3As. A genetic approach supplements the physiological data of Thiomonas 3As. Particular arsenite oxidases demonstrating a high or a constitutive arsenite oxidase activity have been highlighted. In a second time AoxB sequences analyses from cultivable bacteria or bacterial communities have underlined a sequence variability and allowed to consider aoxB gene as molecular marker for aerobic arsenite oxidizing strains. Lastly an environmental genomic approach on bacterial community from Carnoulès mining site allowed to decipher the bacterial trophic interactions and the key role of the arsenite oxidizing strain Thiomonas sp. In this study site
Behrh, Gaganpreet Kaur. "Synthesis and characterization of inorganic luminescent materials." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4037/document.
Full textThe objective of the thesis is to synthesize and characterize the photoluminescent materials which exhibit extrinsic and intrinsic luminescence. For extrinsic luminescent materials, the objective was to tune the emission color of such rare earth doped materials via two methods: the conventional method Doping/Codoping by a rare earth ion and a new method called Controlled Reduction of Dopants. Doping was carried out for the rare earth ions such as Eu2+, Eu3+ doped gallates M2Ga2SiO7 (M:Sr,Ca) phases. But such method have drawbacks i.e. to achieve the control over the emission color either a change of the host lattice is required for doping or minimum of two rare earth ions are required for codoping. So a new technique called Controlled Reduction of Dopants was setup, where the emission color is tuned on the basis of the change of the oxidation state of the rare earth ion doped in the phase. This approach was illustrated with the progressive reduction of the red phosphor SrAl2O4:Eu3+ to green phosphor SrAl2O4:Eu2+ to target yellow luminescence. The other part of the thesis is focused upon self activated or intrinsic luminescent materials which show luminescence due to the intrinsic defects present in them. Stannates such as Mg2SnO4 was used as an example to illustrate this kind of intrinsic luminescence. This material exhibits another interesting character of exhibiting the both white long lasting luminescence and IR luminescence
Kieger, Stéphane. "Réduction catalytique sélective des oxydes d'azote par l'ammoniac sur catalyseurs Cu-zéolithe." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20258.
Full textGonçalves, Anne-Marie. "Influence des protons dans le mécanisme de réduction de l'oxygène sur électrodes semiconductrices III-V dans l'ammoniac liquide." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0021.
Full textComme dans l'eau, les proprietes acide/base des surfaces des semiconducteurs iii-v jouent un role majeur dans la reconstruction des surfaces et interfaces. Utilisant les proprietes particulieres de l'ammoniac liquide nous avons reetudie les reductions des protons et de l'oxygene. Nous avons demontre l'existence d'une etape d'adsorption des protons avec interaction qui fragilise la surface jusqu'a produire une decomposition cathodique sur inp, decomposition qui ne se produit pas s'il n'y a pas de protons, par exemple en presence de l'electron solvate qui est l'espece la plus reductrice existante. Des qu'il y a des protons dans le milieu le parallelisme avec les resultats dans l'eau est remarquable. Concernant la reduction de l'oxygene nous avons mis en evidence pour la premiere fois sur inp-p un effet de doublement du photocourant (effet doubleur) en l'absence de proton. Le milieu experimental choisi est milieu neutre tamponne, dont le ph a ete determine egal a 16,5 dans l'ammoniac liquide. Cette amplification du photocourant, observee aussi bien sur inp-p et gaas-p, resulte de l'injection de trous dans la bande de valence du semiconducteur par l'anion superoxyde. Cet intermediaire de reduction apparait comme etant stable dans l'ammoniac liquide, puisque le rendement quantique relatif reste egal a 2 (rendement quantique maximal pour deux etapes de reduction) et ceci quelle que soit l'intensite lumineuse utilisee. Cet effet disparait des l'ajout de protons pour retrouver finalement le meme comportement electrochimique dans l'eau confortant ainsi nos hypotheses sur le role joue par l'interaction h-inp. Sur gaas-p, un effet doubleur est aussi detecte en l'absence de protons. C'est la premiere fois qu'on met ainsi en evidence un mecanisme de reduction de l'oxygene commun a ces 2 semiconducteurs. Au contraire lorsque des protons sont presents dans le milieu le comportement de ces 2 semiconducteurs s'oppose