Academic literature on the topic 'Reductive meaning'
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Journal articles on the topic "Reductive meaning"
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Miller, Alexander. "Rule-Following, Meaning, and Primitive Normativity." Mind 128, no. 511 (2017): 735–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzx033.
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AbstractThis paper explores the prospects for using the notion of a primitive normative attitude in responding to the sceptical argument about meaning developed in chapter 2 of Saul Kripke’s Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language. It takes as its stalking-horse the response to Kripke’s Wittgenstein developed in a recent series of important works by Hannah Ginsborg. The paper concludes that Ginsborg’s attempted solution fails for a number of reasons: it depends on an inadequate response to Kripke’s Wittgenstein’s ‘finitude’ objection to reductive dispositionalism; it erroneously rejects the idea that a speaker’s understanding of an expression guides her use; it threatens to collapse into either full-blown non-reductionism or reductive dispositionalism; and there is no motive for accepting it over forms of non-reductionism such as those developed by Barry Stroud and John McDowell.
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Bell, Jacob Andrew. "The Reinstatement and Ontology of Meaning." Conatus 8, no. 1 (2023): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.25067.
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While science and logic are incredible intellectual endeavors, and while reductionist methodologies have led to advances in knowledge, these methods do not tell the whole story of life, world, and reality. There are real phenomena that, due to their experiential and holistic nature, cannot be properly quantified over by limiting oneself to science, logic, or reductive means of explanation and description. Attempting to understand the world and the human condition requires a plethora of epistemic pursuits to more fully quantify over the plurality of phenomena. Existential meaning is, I argue, an experiential and holistic phenomenon, and as such it cannot be quantified over by reductive endeavors, pure logic, or scientific inquiry. Meaning emerges through the relation of a complex structure (human) in relation to the world, and it exists as an irreducible embodied and embedded experience.
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Riemer, Nick. "Reductive Paraphrase and Meaning: A Critique of Wierzbickian Semantics." Linguistics and Philosophy 29, no. 3 (2006): 347–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10988-006-0001-4.
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Samraj, Tennyson. "Naming/Meaning Distinction Delineated in the Context of The Essence/Existence Distinction." Athens Journal of Philosophy 4, no. 1 (2025): 21–34. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajphil.4-1-2.
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The epistemic nature of truth provides the basis of understanding the relationship between the naming/meaning distinction and the existence/essence distinction. Every word denotes a reductive reference and connotes a non-reductive meaning. Every word is associated with both intension/meaning and extension/ reference (Putnam). A noun is a naming word; like all words, it denotes a reference and connotes meaning. The distinction between naming and meaning with reference to nouns is necessary because nouns like all words, deal with both extension and intension. The essence/existence distinction defines why it is essential to separate naming from meaning. For naming and existence is an ontological matter; meaning and essence is an epistemic matter. What does a word or specifically a noun entail? It can ascribe (1) the identity of a person, place, or principle; (2) it can affirm the existence of something (material/ concrete world); the subsistence of something (mathematical/ abstract world), or the absistence of something (mental world, F.N. Findlay); or (3) it can define the essence of something as being an essential, accidental, or emergent property. The central thrust of my paper is to discuss why words/ nouns can be understood as either defining the identity and existence of something or defining the meaning and essence of something. There are no nouns/words without reference or meaning. When we see something, what conjures in our mind is either the existence of that thing or the essence of that thing. Naming deals with the specificity and existence of something, while meaning deals with the universality and essence of something. Naming puts emphasis on what is reductive, and meaning puts emphasis on what is non-reductive. Naming and meaning like existence and essence are intertwined because the truth of existence (including subsistence and assistance) and the truth of essence are inseparable, if truth is an epistemic matter. Essence/ existence distinction is fundamental to what exists, subsists or absists in understanding the relationship of the naming/meaning distinction.
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Holliger, Christof, and Gosse Schraa. "Physiological meaning and potential for application of reductive dechlorination by anaerobic bacteria." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 15, no. 2-3 (1994): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00141.x.
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Mei, Xuan. "Ethical Naturalism and the Meaning of “Good”." Forum for Linguistic Studies 3, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/fls.v3i1.1248.
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How to explicate the meaning of “good” is a classic philosophical question, one reason is that “good” has metaphysical properties which are difficult to interpret. The development of ethical naturalism opens a door to answer the “good” question. This theory proposes to view the moral world and the natural world as a continuum, in that the moral world is built on the basis of the natural one. This study aims to introduce a sort of reductive ethical naturalism—end-relational theory—to interpret “good” assertions. According to this theory, most “good” assertions are end-relational and thus “good” can be reduced to “end”. By doing so, metaphysical moral meaning can be converted into concretized natural meaning, and then “good” morality will not be high up above anymore.
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Hagberg, Garry L. "Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, Linguistic Meaning and Music." Paragraph 34, no. 3 (2011): 388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2011.0032.
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This article undertakes a comparison between Wittgenstein's philosophy of the early and late periods with the musical theories of Wittgenstein's contemporary, Heinrich Schenker, an influential Viennese theorist of tonality, as well as those of their contemporary Arnold Schoenberg. Schenker's reductive analytical procedure was designed to unveil fundamental and uniform ways in which all works of music function (and should function), unfolding a deep structure constituting their essence. Schoenberg deplored this line of thought, and for reasons strikingly parallel to those that led Wittgenstein back to what he called the ‘rough ground’ in his Philosophical Investigations. Ultimately, for Wittgenstein, the abstracted picture of the musical work as a platonic entity is nourished by grammatical conflations as well as by the Platonic and Cartesian legacies.
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Gutwald, Rebecca, and Niina Zuber. "The Meaning(s) of Structural Rationality." ProtoSociology 35 (2018): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/protosociology20183517.
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Julian Nida-Rümelin’s philosophical approach to rationality is radical: It transcends the reductive narrowness of instrumental rationality without denying its practical impact. Actions exist which are carried out in accordance to utility maximizing or even self-interest maximizing. Yet not all actions are to be understood in these terms. Actions that are oriented around social roles, for example, cannot count as irrational just because no underlying maximizing heuristics are found. The concept of bounded rationality tries to embed instrumental rationality into a form of life to highlight limits of our cognitive capabilities and selective perceptions. However, the agent is still situated within the realm of cost-benefit reasoning. The idea of social preferences (e.g. Rabin, Fehr and Schmidt) or meta-preferences (Sen) is insufficient to reflect the plurality of human actions. According to Nida-Rümelin, those concepts ignore the plurality of reasons which drive agency. Hence, they try to fit agency into a theory which undermines humanity. His theory of structural rationality acknowledges daily patterns of interaction and meaning.
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Lessl, Thomas M. "Looking Along Nietzsche’s The Antichrist." Journal of Communication and Religion 38, no. 2 (2015): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jcr20153827.
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In The Antichrist, Friedrich Nietzsche attacks belief in God through a counter myth that is itself structured by the Bible. It is evolutionism, a story about the creation, fall, and redemption but with natural evolution playing the role of creator and Nietzsche playing the role of prophet and redeemer. This dimension of Nietzsche’s thought is often passed over because it is only fully visible to readers who are willing, as C. S Lewis has put this, to “look along” messages. Modernity has habituated readers to assume that it is only the reductive meaning they get by “looking at” messages that really matters. The habits of modernism do not void such mythic meanings; they merely make it difficult or impossible for critics to recognize their vitality.
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Laude, Patrick. "On the Epistemological Scope and Some Contemporary Implications of the Qur'anic Notion of Ayat." ICR Journal 5, no. 4 (2014): 547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v5i4.374.
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This paper argues that the cosmic signs or ayat repeatedly mentioned in the Qur’an can be understood, and indeed have been understood in classical Islam, as theophanic manifestations of His Being and Qualities; hence a metaphysical intuition of their divine roots goes beyond reason as mere decipherer of the wonders of structure and mechanics of the world. By contrast, literalist reformist and modernist discourses tend to shun the Quranic evidences of Divine immanence while emphasising exclusively the distance between God and His creation. This is why most contemporary Islamic apologists of modern science understand the world as a realm of cosmogonic “signatures” rather than one of metaphysical theophany. As a response to this type of views, it is argued herein that both the reductive and problematic treatment of the Qur’an as a kind of scientific manual and, at the other extreme, the denial of the conjunction between tawhid and the traditional Islamic concept and practice of science fail to do justice to the deeper layers of meaning of ayat. Only a consideration of a sense of the qualitative meaning of the cosmos through a restoration of a consciousness of Divine Immanence can provide an antidote to such reductive readings.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reductive meaning"
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Hough, Gerard Michael. "A Quinean dilemma : Quine on reductive accounts of meaning." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425590.
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Whiting, Daniel. "Meaning, use and reduction." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428294.
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Pearce, Warren. "The meanings of climate change policy : implementing carbon reduction in the East Midlands." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13680/.
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The UK 2008 Climate Change Act transferred a global policy issue into national legislation, establishing unprecedented targets for reducing emissions justified by scientific evidence. The Act prompted a question: could such stretching targets be achieved? This question is addressed through an embedded case study within the East Midlands region between 2010-2011. The research makes an original contribution to knowledge, taking an interpretive, decentred approach to subnational climate policy implementation, focusing on the policy meanings created and acted upon during the introduction of the Cameron Government’s austerity and localism agendas. These meanings are recovered using a mix of conversational interviews and meeting observations with policy actors. Subnational climate policy met significant challenges in being translated into action, being seen as peripheral to local policy concerns. Managers attempted to ‘embed’ climate policy within local authority practice, but were met with resistance and passivity stemming from climate policy’s diverse meanings amongst policy actors. Performance management was important in symbolising rational policy-making, rather than for its instrumental effectiveness. This briefly raised the priority of climate policy, but where locally compelling political arguments for implementation were absent, programmes became vulnerable to budget cuts. With stronger local arguments focusing on kindred policy areas such as fuel poverty and reducing local authorities’ own energy use, vulnerability was reduced. Localism brought such arguments into focus, as regional partnerships weakened and the National Indicators performance management framework was removed. Responses to these developments highlighted how perceptions of the location and flow of power contributed to meaning construction. The shift to kindred policy aims brings into question the plausibility of climate change targets predicated on scientific evidence rather than local policy meanings. The endurance of local climate policy is explained as a policy myth, enabling short term continuity with the promise of longer term change.
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Mattiucci, Cristina. "A kaleidoscope on ordinary landscapes: the perception of the landscape between complexity of meaning and operating reduction." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368682.
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This research has started from some issues affecting the debate in progress on policies for landscape and confronts itself with the actuality of a review of some paradigms of interpretation that could substantiate the practice of landscape transformation.
The main questions that will be addressed is what the ordinary contemporary landscape is, experimenting the perception as a tool at first of interpretation, therefore potentially operating, from the demands of the European Landscape Convention, according to which “Landscape means an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors†.
Assuming the landscape perception as a means of expression of the relationship between society and territory, this study develops and tests a methodology for its comprehension, through kaleidoscopic visions which interpret the variety of the situated looks.
By means of the methodology we aim to explore how a variety of people experience landscapes and – as a consequence - how they perceive them. The proposed approach refers to the landscape perception as a complex system in its multiple dimensions (physical/natural, symbolic/cultural, personal/ collective) that becomes significant as expression of a contemporary condition of living places. It begets a thinking material to understand values and themes, on which could be possible basing actions and policies for landscape.
The Kaleidoscope, which is here proposed as device to represent perceived landscapes, derives from the sense of this research. Actually, the explicit reference to ordinary landscapes implies the awareness that the contemporary landscape can not be understood through a tale made of synthetic and mimetic/typological representations, but is expressed predominantly in ordinary contexts, whose not consolidated images neither shared attributions of meanings exist.
The Kaleidoscope has set as a composition of diagrams and narratives, which are translated in looks type and themes for action, contributing to reify the problems the landscape poses as challenges to planning and the perception is offering to return.
The research is substantiated by a long experimental stage, when - through an experience of understanding the perceived landscape in a valley place in Trentino - the themes tackled in the theoretical-critical part pit themselves strength the realm of a contemporary landscapes and the specificity of the ordinary ones, which more than others claim the experimentation of interpretative and operational tools.
The experience has been set up as a cognitive practice, able to be consolidated and repeatable in the ordinary planning processes. It can therefore be understood as a paradigmatic experience of approach to contemporary landscape.
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Mattiucci, Cristina. "A kaleidoscope on ordinary landscapes: the perception of the landscape between complexity of meaning and operating reduction." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2010. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/348/1/PhD_CristinaMattiucci.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research has started from some issues affecting the debate in progress on policies for landscape and confronts itself with the actuality of a review of some paradigms of interpretation that could substantiate the practice of landscape transformation.
The main questions that will be addressed is what the ordinary contemporary landscape is, experimenting the perception as a tool at first of interpretation, therefore potentially operating, from the demands of the European Landscape Convention, according to which “Landscape means an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors”.
Assuming the landscape perception as a means of expression of the relationship between society and territory, this study develops and tests a methodology for its comprehension, through kaleidoscopic visions which interpret the variety of the situated looks.
By means of the methodology we aim to explore how a variety of people experience landscapes and – as a consequence - how they perceive them. The proposed approach refers to the landscape perception as a complex system in its multiple dimensions (physical/natural, symbolic/cultural, personal/ collective) that becomes significant as expression of a contemporary condition of living places. It begets a thinking material to understand values and themes, on which could be possible basing actions and policies for landscape.
The Kaleidoscope, which is here proposed as device to represent perceived landscapes, derives from the sense of this research. Actually, the explicit reference to ordinary landscapes implies the awareness that the contemporary landscape can not be understood through a tale made of synthetic and mimetic/typological representations, but is expressed predominantly in ordinary contexts, whose not consolidated images neither shared attributions of meanings exist.
The Kaleidoscope has set as a composition of diagrams and narratives, which are translated in looks type and themes for action, contributing to reify the problems the landscape poses as challenges to planning and the perception is offering to return.
The research is substantiated by a long experimental stage, when - through an experience of understanding the perceived landscape in a valley place in Trentino - the themes tackled in the theoretical-critical part pit themselves strength the realm of a contemporary landscapes and the specificity of the ordinary ones, which more than others claim the experimentation of interpretative and operational tools.
The experience has been set up as a cognitive practice, able to be consolidated and repeatable in the ordinary planning processes. It can therefore be understood as a paradigmatic experience of approach to contemporary landscape.
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Allen, Katrina M. "Meanings and constraints : processes shaping vulnerability reduction in Philippine National Red Cross disaster preparedness initiatives." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2003. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6364/.
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Community-based initiatives have also been instrumental in increasing the responsibility placed upon communities and their institutions, in implementing measures designed to reduce vulnerability, without granting increased powers or means to tackle the root cause of vulnerability. Control of project processes remains vested largely in the Philippine National Red Cross, donor organisations and local government actors. Finally, community-based approaches have served to shift the focus away from wider - often more politically sensitive - factors impacting vulnerability, which supersede community-level control and responsibility. There is a danger of community-based approaches unwittingly contributing to the 'depoliticisation' of issues surrounding vulnerability.
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Hart, M. J. Alexandra. "Action in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an Enactive Psycho-phenomenological and Semiotic Analysis of Thirty New Zealand Women's Experiences of Suffering and Recovery." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5294.
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This research into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents the results of 60 first-person psycho-phenomenological interviews with 30 New Zealand women. The participants were recruited from the Canterbury and Wellington regions, 10 had recovered. Taking a non-dual, non-reductive embodied approach, the phenomenological data was analysed semiotically, using a graph-theoretical cluster analysis to elucidate the large number of resulting categories, and interpreted through the enactive approach to cognitive science.
The initial result of the analysis is a comprehensive exploration of the experience of CFS which develops subject-specific categories of experience and explores the relation of the illness to universal categories of experience, including self, ‘energy’, action, and being-able-to-do.
Transformations of the self surrounding being-able-to-do and not-being-able-to-do were shown to elucidate the illness process.
It is proposed that the concept ‘energy’ in the participants’ discourse is equivalent to the Mahayana Buddhist concept of ‘contact’. This characterises CFS as a breakdown of contact. Narrative content from the recovered interviewees reflects a reestablishment of contact.
The hypothesis that CFS is a disorder of action is investigated in detail.
A general model for the phenomenology and functional architecture of action is proposed. This model is a recursive loop involving felt meaning, contact, action, and perception and appears to be phenomenologically supported.
It is proposed that the CFS illness process is a dynamical decompensation of the subject’s action loop caused by a breakdown in the process of contact.
On this basis, a new interpretation of neurological findings in relation to CFS becomes possible. A neurological phenomenon that correlates with the illness and involves a brain region that has a similar structure to the action model’s recursive loop is identified in previous research results and compared with the action model and the results of this research. This correspondence may identify the brain regions involved in the illness process, which may provide an objective diagnostic test for the condition and approaches to treatment.
The implications of this model for cognitive science and CFS should be investigated through neurophenomenological research since the model stands to shed considerable light on the nature of consciousness, contact and agency.
Phenomenologically based treatments are proposed, along with suggestions for future research on CFS. The research may clarify the diagnostic criteria for CFS and guide management and treatment programmes, particularly multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches.
Category theory is proposed as a foundation for a mathematisation of phenomenology.
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Gowan, Monica Elizabeth. "Self-Management of Disaster Risk and Uncertainty: The Role of Preventive Health in Building Disaster Resilience." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences Centre, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7605.
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One of the great challenges facing human systems today is how to prepare for, manage, and adapt successfully to the profound and rapid changes wreaked by disasters. Wellington, New Zealand, is a capital city at significant risk of devastating earthquake and tsunami, potentially requiring mass evacuations with little or short notice. Subsequent hardship and suffering due to widespread property damage and infrastructure failure could cause large areas of the Wellington Region to become uninhabitable for weeks to months.
Previous research has shown that positive health and well-being are associated with disaster-resilient outcomes. Preventing adverse outcomes before disaster strikes, through developing strengths-based skill sets in health-protective attitudes and behaviours, is increasingly advocated in disaster research, practise, and management. This study hypothesised that well-being constructs involving an affective heuristic play vital roles in pathways to resilience as proximal determinants of health-protective behaviours. Specifically, this study examined the importance of health-related quality of life and subjective well-being in motivating evacuation preparedness, measured in a community sample (n=695) drawn from the general adult population of Wellington’s isolated eastern suburbs.
Using a quantitative epidemiological approach, the study measured the prevalence of key quality of life indicators (physical and mental health, emotional well-being or “Sense of Coherence”, spiritual well-being, social well-being, and life satisfaction) using validated psychometric scales; analysed the strengths of association between these indicators and the level of evacuation preparedness at categorical and continuous levels of measurement; and tested the predictive power of the model to explain the variance in evacuation preparedness activity. This is the first study known to examine multi-dimensional positive health and global well-being as resilient processes for engaging in evacuation preparedness behaviour.
A cross-sectional study design and quantitative survey were used to collect self-report data on the study variables; a postal questionnaire was fielded between November 2008 and March 2009 to a sampling frame developed through multi-stage cluster randomisation. The survey response rate was 28.5%, yielding a margin of error of +/- 3.8% with 95% confidence and 80% statistical power to detect a true correlation coefficient of 0.11 or greater.
In addition to the primary study variables, data were collected on demographic and ancillary variables relating to contextual factors in the physical environment (risk perception of physical and personal vulnerability to disaster) and the social environment (through the construct of self-determination), and other measures of disaster preparedness. These data are reserved for future analyses.
Results of correlational and regression analyses for the primary study variables show that Wellingtonians are highly individualistic in how their well-being influences their preparedness, and a majority are taking inadequate action to build their resilience to future disaster from earthquake- or tsunami-triggered evacuation. At a population level, the conceptual multi-dimensional model of health-related quality of life and global well-being tested in this study shows a positive association with evacuation preparedness at statistically significant levels. However, it must be emphasised that the strength of this relationship is weak, accounting for only 5-7% of the variability in evacuation preparedness.
No single dimension of health-related quality of life or well-being stands out as a strong predictor of preparedness. The strongest associations for preparedness are in a positive direction for spiritual well-being, emotional well-being, and life satisfaction; all involve a sense of existential meaningfulness. Spiritual well-being is the only quality of life variable making a statistically significant unique contribution to explaining the variance observed in the regression models. Physical health status is weakly associated with preparedness in a negative direction at a continuous level of measurement. No association was found at statistically significant levels for mental health status and social well-being. These findings indicate that engaging in evacuation preparedness is a very complex, holistic, yet individualised decision-making process, and likely involves highly subjective considerations for what is personally relevant. Gender is not a factor. Those 18-24 years of age are least likely to prepare and evacuation preparedness increases with age.
Multidimensional health and global well-being are important constructs to consider in disaster resilience for both pre-event and post-event timeframes. This work indicates a need for promoting self-management of risk and building resilience by incorporating a sense of personal meaning and importance into preparedness actions, and for future research into further understanding preparedness motivations.
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Naugler, Diane. "To take a load off : a contextual analysis of gendered meaning(s) in experiences of breast reduction surgery /." 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR11606.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Women's Studies.<br>Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-235). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR11606
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Nicolau, Raquel Rebouças Almeida. "When less becomes more: motivations, meanings and outcomes of voluntary simplicity adoption." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/75611.
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Doctoral Programme in Marketing and Strategy<br>Problems related to high materialism and unsustainable consumption are widespread globally
nowadays. The consequences of this type of consumer behaviour pose challenges to environmental
questions and social issues, such as the increase of social inequality, growth of global warming and
scarcity of natural resources.
Some consumer groups voluntarily reduce consumption and reflect critically about their daily choices
in order to ensure to a better quality of life for themselves and others. Voluntary simplicity is a lifestyle
focused on seeking a simple life by reducing consumption and other social and environmental
practices. This group has different degrees of engagement with most of them being in transformation,
adopting some lifestyle practices and not others.
The current thesis is about consumers who are taking steps of voluntary life simplification. It tries to
understand values, motivations, meanings and marketing outcomes, to better understand the
process of change and the effects of this consumption lifestyle adoption. Three different studies
involving in-depth interviews, focus group, and netnographic analysis of over 22 thousand online
comments were carried out exploring voluntary simplicity adoption.
The studies uncovered critical incidents that motivate lifestyle adoption and several aspects around
VS first engagement levels organized into thematic networks. The results include recurrent
discussions of VS definitions. We also found three main drivers, as critical factors to accomplishing
a simple life. A map of practices was organised listing related products, services, and general
preferences of this group regarding simplification. Finally, we discuss the VS adoption's buying
decision process.
Research about this conscious and low materialistic lifestyle of consumption can provide in-depth
knowledge about how and why consumers become interested and engage in voluntary simplicity, as
well as useful guidelines for initiatives that encourage more responsible and ethical actions.<br>Problemas associados aos altos índices de materialismo e ao consumo irresponsável possuem
amplitude global na atualidade. As consequências desse tipo de comportamento de consumo geram
desafios ambientais e sociais, como o aumento da desigualdade social, aquecimento global e
escassez de recursos naturais.
Alguns grupos de consumidores voluntariamente reduzem o consumo e refletem criticamente sobre
escolhas cotidianas visando melhor qualidade de vida para si e para outros. Simplicidade Voluntária
é um estilo de vida focado na busca de uma vida simples através da redução do consumo e de
outras práticas sociais e ambientais. Esse grupo apresenta diferentes níveis de envolvimento, dentre
os quais a maioria está em processo de transição, adotando algumas práticas do estilo de vida e
outras não.
A presente tese é sobre consumidores que estão voluntariamente dando passos em direção a uma
vida simples. Este estudo busca entender valores, motivações, significados e consequências do
marketing através do consumo, para entender melhor o processo de mudança e os efeitos da
adoção desse estilo de vida. Três diferentes estudos foram desenvolvidos visando explorar a adoção
do estilo de vida simples envolvendo entrevistas, grupo focal e uma análise netnográfica de cerca
de 22 mil comentários online.
Os estudos reuniram incidentes críticos que motivaram a adoção do estilo de vida e diversos
aspectos em torno dos primeiros níveis de engajamento em uma vida simples. Os resultados
incluem discussões sobre definições de simplicidade voluntária. Também identificamos três
direcionadores centrais, como fatores críticos para uma vida simples. Um mapa de práticas foi
organizado listando produtos, serviços e preferências relacionadas a este grupo de consumidores.
Finalmente, discutimos o processo de decisão de compra sobre adoção do estilo de vida simples.
A pesquisa sobre esse estilo de vida consciente e pouco materialista pode resultar em um
conhecimento aprofundado sobre como e por que os consumidores se interessam e se engajam na
simplicidade voluntária, assim como apresentar aspectos úteis para guiar iniciativas que encorajem
ações responsáveis e éticas envolvendo o consumo.
Books on the topic "Reductive meaning"
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Petrucci, Alessandra, and Rosanna Verde, eds. SIS 2017. Statistics and Data Science: new challenges, new generations. Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-521-0.
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The 2017 SIS Conference aims to highlight the crucial role of the Statistics in Data Science. In this new domain of ‘meaning’ extracted from the data, the increasing amount of produced and available data in databases, nowadays, has brought new challenges. That involves different fields of statistics, machine learning, information and computer science, optimization, pattern recognition. These afford together a considerable contribute in the analysis of ‘Big data’, open data, relational and complex data, structured and no-structured. The interest is to collect the contributes which provide from the different domains of Statistics, in the high dimensional data quality validation, sampling extraction, dimensional reduction, pattern selection, data modelling, testing hypotheses and confirming conclusions drawn from the data.
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Miller, Alexander. Wittgenstein and the Possibility of Meaning. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191946882.001.0001.
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Abstract Inspired by Ludwig Wittgenstein’s later philosophy, this book develops a new, non-reductionist, response to the sceptical argument about meaning famously developed in Saul Kripke’s book Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language. It begins by outlining an intuitive notion of following a rule, explaining its relationship to the notions of linguistic meaning and intentional content. It then gives an outline and development of Kripke’s Wittgenstein’s sceptical argument, going into detail on the arguments against reductive dispositional accounts of meaning. It also explains Kripke’s Wittgenstein’s objections to non-reductionist views which take semantic and intentional facts to be primitive and sui generis and argues against views – such as error theories and forms of non-factualism – which attempt to respond to the argument by conceding that there are no meaning facts. The position advocated in the book emerges from a response to recent arguments developed by Paul Boghossian (“The Inference Problem”) and Crispin Wright (“The Minor Premise Problem”) which appear to imply that rule-following and competent language use are impossible even if we assume that Kripke’s challenge has been met. A reply to Boghossian and Wright is then developed via a new account of Wittgenstein’s remarks on the notion of “following a rule blindly” or “blind rule-following” that connects it to the Wittgensteinian idea that there is a way of following a rule that does not involve interpretation. In turn, this is used to generate a response to Kripke: understanding an expression is a matter of having an intention to exercise one’s ability to use it in accord with its meaning or correctness condition.
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Gert, Joshua. An Unmysterious Color Primitivism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785910.003.0002.
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This chapter argues for a primitivist view of color: a view according to which colors are primitive properties—not reducible to such things as sets of spectral reflectances, disjunctions of microphysical surface properties, or dispositions to cause experiences. The argument is modeled on Paul Benacerraf’s well-known argument against reductive accounts of the integers. It begins by pointing out that there are many equally good candidates to count as reduction bases for the colors, and no way to choose between them. It then notes that all of these candidates have the drawback of endowing colors with properties that we should not think colors actually have. Finally, it shows that there is an explanation available, in terms of a use theory of the meaning of color terms, that does not reduce them to anything else.
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Bill, Stanley. Czesław Miłosz's Faith in the Flesh. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844392.001.0001.
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This book presents Czesław Miłosz’s poetic philosophy of the body as an original defense of religious faith, transcendence, and the value of the human individual against what he viewed as dangerous modern forms of materialism. The Polish Nobel laureate saw the reductive “biologization” of human life as a root cause of the historical tragedies he had witnessed under Nazi German and Soviet regimes in twentieth-century Central and Eastern Europe. The book argues that his response was not merely to reconstitute spiritual or ideal forms of human identity, which no longer seemed entirely plausible. Instead, he aimed to revalidate the flesh, elaborating his own non-reductive understandings of the self on the basis of the body’s deeper meanings. Within the framework of a hesitant Christian faith, Miłosz’s poetry and prose often suggest a paradoxical striving toward transcendence precisely through sensual experience. Yet his perspectives on bodily existence are not exclusively affirmative. The book traces his diverse representations of the body from dualist visions that demonize the flesh through to positive images of the body as the source of religious experience, the self, and the poet’s own creative faculty. It also examines the complex relations between “masculine” and “feminine” bodies and forms of subjectivity, as Miłosz represents them. Finally, it elucidates his contention that poetry is the best vehicle for conveying these contradictions, because it also combines “disembodied,” symbolic meanings with the sensual meanings of sound and rhythm. For Miłosz, the double nature of poetic meaning reflects the fused duality of the human self.
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Bell, Jeffrey. A Dog’s Life: Thought, Symbols and Concepts. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429566.003.0009.
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Recent work in the philosophy of language has emphasized the importance of ‘stimulus-independent’ representational abilities in understanding both the nature of concepts and the extent to which concepts play a role in the thoughts of non-humans. This recent work dovetails in significant and interesting ways with Terrence Deacon’s work on symbols and with more recent work in continental philosophy on symbolism, language, actor-network theory, and analytic work in the philosophy of skill. It is in light of this work that this chapter revisit Whitehead’s book Symbolism: Its Meaning and Effect. In particular, it argues that the claim of many commentators, both early and late, that Whitehead is a panpsychist is a mistake, and relies upon an understanding of experience and subjectivity that Whitehead seeks to account for rather than presuppose. In his account of experience and subjectivity, it is rather a non-subjective, pre-individual process of individuation that allows for the possibility of an identifiable subjective experience, and hence for the claims of panpsychism. Whitehead’s understanding and account of these processes is able to account for an indeterminate variety of types and degrees of experience, and in a way that avoids both a reductive materialism and a reductive panpsychism.
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Pincher, Mike. Evolution: Reductio Ad Absurdum, and Its Meaning for Public Education. GoToPublish, 2023.
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Pincher, Mike. Evolution: Reductio Ad Absurdum, and Its Meaning for Public Education. GoToPublish, 2023.
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Bhugra, Dinesh, Antonio Ventriglio, and Kamaldeep S. Bhui. Psychotherapy: Specific psychotherapies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198723196.003.0008.
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Specific psychotherapies bring specific challenges with them. Engagement with cognitive behaviour therapy and its success depends upon how the individual’s cognitions are affected by cultures and how amenable these are for therapy. Similarly, family therapy carries with it different roles of different members across cultures, and not everyone’s role will be the same. Minority therapists may face potential difficulties while looking after patients from majority cultures. General principles of psychotherapy across cultures will apply but they may carry different meanings for each individual. It is essential that therapists are flexible enough to ensure the best patient engagement, and additional modifications may be required. Each of these therapies can be reductive, reconstructive, or supportive, and a mixture of more than one approach can be utilized. Assessment must explore very carefully needs and indications for therapy. In many cultures these words have very different meanings with personal and social expectations.
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Horn, Laurence. Pragmatics and the Lexicon. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.8.
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Since Paul and Zipf, it has become evident that lexical choice and meaning change are largely guided by pragmatic principles. Two central interacting principles are, first, the least-effort tendency to reduce expression and, second, the communicative requirements on sufficiency of information. Descendants of this opposition include Grice’s bipartite Maxim of Quantity (‘Make your contribution as informative as/no more informative than is required’) grounded within a general theory of rationality and cooperation, the Q and R Principles (essentially ‘Say enough’/‘Don’t say too much’), and the interplay of effort and effect within Relevance Theory. This chapter motivates a (Q-based) constraint on lexicalization, surveys the role of the R principle in motivating the Division of Pragmatic Labour, syntagmatic reduction, narrowing of meaning, euphemism, and negative strengthening, and provides pragmatic motivation for the lexical clone, un-noun, and un-verb constructions, and for the complementary Avoid Synonymy and Avoid Homonymy principles.
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Leichenko, Robin. Vulnerable Regions in a Changing Climate. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.30.
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Economic geographers have made important contributions to the understanding of many facets of climate change, yet the field has had relatively limited engagement with the study of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation. Instead, most work on the economic consequences of climate disruption is being done by researchers in other disciplines or in other subfields of geography. This chapter argues that broad recognition of humanity’s role in shaping Earth’s planetary systems, combined with new hope and opportunity engendered by the 2015 Paris Agreement on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, present a pivotal moment for economic geographers to take a more central role in the study of climate change and in broader, interdisciplinary conversations about the meaning and implications of the Anthropocene.
Book chapters on the topic "Reductive meaning"
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Schroeder-Heister, Peter. "Harmony in Proof-Theoretic Semantics: A Reductive Analysis." In Dag Prawitz on Proofs and Meaning. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11041-7_15.
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Peverini, Paolo. "Semiotics for Actor-Network Theory." In Bruno Latour in the Semiotic Turn. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57178-7_3.
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AbstractThis chapter aims to show how the relationship between Latour's investigation on meaning and the research perspective on signification developed within the framework of structural semiotics is anything but episodic, marginal or outdated. With the aim of highlighting the reasons behind an uninterrupted dialogue, even if often denied or marginalised in the field of social sciences, this chapter considers the main semiotic concepts at the basis of Latour’s work, highlighting the main affinities and discontinuities that emerge at a theoretical and methodological level, with particular reference to actor-network theory. It is pointed out that the metaphor of semiotics as a toolbox for actor-network theory is overly reductive and does not sufficiently account for the presence of a common non-anthropomorphic theory of agency and an anti-dualist epistemological principle that recognizes the primacy of the relationship over the elements involved in a social phenomenon. To this end, a comparison is made between the notions of actor, actant, enunciation, narrative program originally elaborated within the framework of semiotic theory and their novel reinterpretation introduced by Latour to examine the paradoxes of modernity.
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Ribeiro, Artur, Claas Lattmann, Jan-Eric Schlicht, et al. "Conceptualising an Anatomy of Transformations: DPSIR, Theorisation, Semiotics and Emergence." In Perspectives on Socio-environmental Transformations in Ancient Europe. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53314-3_3.
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AbstractTransformation processes that affect past societies can be complex and difficult to understand when observed at larger scales, especially when many factors are involved. Furthermore, researching transformations can often become reductive, with too much focus on only some factors or aspects of past societies, to the detriment of others. This has been the challenge of large-scale socio-environmental projects of recent years, including our own.In order to address this issue, this chapter develops a model of the anatomy of transformations that is built upon four main pillars. The first pillar is DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response). Originally used in ecological studies, DPSIR provides a flexible framework that allows us to recognise how societies and ecosystems affect one another in a dynamic manner. Within the DPSIR framework, a second pillar based on theorization allows us to contextualise human behaviour at different scales, for example, through practice theory or cultural evolutionary theory. The third pillar presupposes that human societies are built on meaning and uses semiotics to help us uncover the semantic dimension of past transformations. Finally, the fourth pillar is emergence, which conceives of transformations as diachronic processes in which ecosystems and societies develop new properties based on their interaction.This anatomy has the aim of assembling different aspects of socio-environmental and archaeological research in order to produce a comprehensive picture of past transformations. At the same time, this overall framework is open-ended, which both makes it possible to adapt it to different chronological and geographical circumstances and allows adopters to add or remove elements as they see fit.
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English, Andrea R. "Dewey, Existential Uncertainty and Non-affirmative Democratic Education." In Non-affirmative Theory of Education and Bildung. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30551-1_6.
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AbstractIn this chapter, I show how John Dewey’s understanding of the educational meaning of existential uncertainty lies at the heart of his idea of democratic education. Specifically, I argue that Dewey’s theory of democratic education is grounded in a concept of transformative learning that necessarily involves experiences of existential uncertainty, and, in a concept of teaching that necessarily involves supporting learners’ opportunities to have educative experiences of existential uncertainty. In doing so, I aim to bring this democratic aspect of Dewey’s notion of teaching into sharper relief by showing how it offers a productive extension of the tradition of non-affirmative educational theory. In section one, “Uncertainty and the beginning of learning”, I discuss the notion of existential uncertainty and its relation to what Dewey called “the indeterminate situation” as a realm of learning that we find ourselves in prior to searching for and finding a problem, and thus logically prior to solving it. In section two, “Existential uncertainty, teaching and democratic education”, I discuss Dewey’s notion of teaching within the context of his broader theory of democratic education, highlighting it as a form of teaching that is non-affirmative, by contrasting it to “traditional, transmissive” and, what I call, “reductive-progressive” forms of teaching. In the final section, “Listening and Relationality”, I build on and move beyond Dewey to formulate a notion of the teacher as a listener. I argue that this understanding of the teacher is vitally relevant for the theory and practice of democratic education as non-affirmative education, and yet is in danger of being lost in the current measurement culture in education.
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Delsignore, Monica, Margherita Ramajoli, and Carola Ricci. "Defining the Meaning of Food Waste as a Matter of Urgency." In Food Waste Reduction and Valorisation. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50088-1_11.
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Jakka, Sarath. "Nothing Beyond the Name." In The Case for Reduction. ICI Berlin Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-25_08.
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What are the different kinds of reduction that take place in a psychotherapeutic discipline? This article looks at the agonistic relations between the two types of reduction that fundamentally constitute a psychotherapeutic paradigm: naming and listening. At any given moment in the history of psychological theory, various schools and theories are in contention with each other over an institutional and state legitimation that will only be granted to one or some of them. It is argued that these disciplinary contentions for a dominant status subordinate the names and concepts that populate a particular psychotherapeutic paradigm to a property regime, thereby obscuring or compromising the attention paid to forms of listening that occur on the edge of naming and meaning.
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Márquez, Germán. "The Biosphere Reserve Concept, Seaflower, and Climate Change." In Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6663-5_7.
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AbstractBased on UNESCO’s biosphere reserve concept and on the paper originally proposing an archipelago biosphere reserve, this chapter supports going deeper into implementing the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve as a social, economic, and environmental sustainability model. To this, it proposes some actions, from reconsidering its regulatory status to its integration with national development plans, including payment schemes for ecosystem services (PES), as Seaflower ecosystems provide society with many goods and services, estimated to be huge, but not reflected in their management and financing. Seaflower’s meaning has not been properly understood and is not taking advantage of this status. The current situation is worrying and unsustainable; it threatens the natural, historical, social, and cultural heritage of the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, stressed by a questionable mass tourism development model and worsened, mainly in Providencia, by hurricanes Eta and Iota and because of climate change whose impact, mainly in coral reefs, could be extreme. Some of the ideas developed in this chapter were proposed by the author with the name Seaflower Initiative; now, could be integrated with Gran Seaflower Initiative, a recent proposal for the creation of a transboundary biosphere reserve in the western Caribbean.
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Burton-Jeangros, Claudine, and Vanessa Fargnoli. "Vulnerability around Health Issues: Trajectories, Experiences and Meanings." In Withstanding Vulnerability throughout Adult Life. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4567-0_12.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses how vulnerability takes on contrasting and ambivalent meanings when approached at different levels. More specifically, the chapter stresses that institutional approaches do not necessarily align with the perceptions and experiences of those who are defined as vulnerable. Over the last several decades, scientific knowledge, and technical and medical measures have supported the development of the prevention and management of vulnerability. However, despite social and public health interventions, vulnerability reduction remains unequal across social groups. Starting from this mismatch, this chapter focuses on how individuals in vulnerable circumstances develop their own strategies and meanings in a context of adversity, along but also against collective definitions of and responses to vulnerability. Based on research conducted in LIVES on health trajectories, the first section of the chapter shows the importance of paying attention to various understandings of vulnerability while stressing their situated character. The second section illustrates the argument in greater depth by using elements from a qualitative study on the experience of HIV-infected women’s trajectories to highlight contradictions between their own understandings of vulnerability and its medical framing. In conclusion, the chapter stresses the importance to policy making of defining vulnerability based on people’ s needs and their own assessments.
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Elmo Raj, P. Prayer. "6. Digital hermeneutics." In Digital Humanities in the India Rim. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0423.06.
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Classical hermeneutics, firmly rooted in the interpretation of cultural artifacts, stands at the precipice of a transformative paradigm shift as interactive digital networks pervade our existence. This essay probes the fundamental transformation brought about by technology, positing it as a dynamic hermeneutic agent with a dualistic magnification-reduction structure. This challenges the conventional notion of technology as a mere replica of reality, demanding a critical re-evaluation of its interpretational potency and its profound impact on comprehension and consequence. Digital hermeneutics unfurls along two distinct trajectories: one focused on the analysis and interpretation of digital-native texts and databases, while the other delves into the intricate dynamics of intentionality in human-AI interactions. The proliferation of digital ontologies necessitates a refined interpretive logic capable of navigating the intricate terrain of humanities research. By engaging with foundational hermeneutic theorists, this essay underscores the materiality intrinsic to language and underscores the transformative potential embedded in signs, symbols, and narratives. It interrogates the implications of digital texts, dismantling established constructs of narrative identity and fostering avenues for dynamic and evolving expressions of meaning. By critically addressing the materiality of meaning sources and the transformative prowess inherent in digital texts, this comprehensive study lays a foundation for an enhanced hermeneutical framework adept at navigating the intricate web of contemporary communication and information networks.
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Loar, Brian. "Elimination versus Non-reductive Physicalism." In Consciousness and Meaning. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199673353.003.0014.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Reductive meaning"
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Hirschbrunn, Joshua, and Yevgeny Kazakov. "Extending Description Logics with Generic Concepts – the Tale of Two Semantics." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/43.
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Description Logic (DL) ontologies often need to model similar properties for different concepts. Taking inspiration from generic classes in object-oriented programming, we introduce concept parameters to describe related concepts. For example, LocalAnesthesia[Eye] and LocalAnesthesia[Knee] can be used to describe the anesthesia of an eye or a knee, respectively. The main benefit of generic concepts is to be able to describe general properties, for example, that every local anesthesia is done by applying an anesthetic drug. We propose to use generic concepts, such as LocalAnesthesia[X] to define such properties, where a concept variable X can be replaced with suitable concepts. To capture the intended meaning of generic concepts, we define two semantics for this extension: the schema semantics, in which concept variables represent arbitrary concepts from a specific language, and the second-order semantics, in which variables represent arbitrary subsets of the domain. Generally, the second-order semantics gives more logical consequences, but the schema semantics allows a reduction to the classical DL reasoning. To combine the benefits of both semantics, we define a useful extension of the DL EL, for which both semantics coincide, and a further restriction in which the entailment problem is decidable.
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Cennamo, Gerardo Maria, and Francesca Tarantino. "Strategie di valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale “minore”. Analisi, rilievo e riconfigurazione digitale dell’Abbazia di San Nicola di Casola in Otranto, ponte tra Oriente e Occidente." In FORTMED2025 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. edUPV. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2025.2025.20347.
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This contribution inserts in the scope of the historical heritage research activities which we may consider as minor i.e., according to a non-reductive meaning, less studied and known. It is part of a wider research financed by the European Union- Next Generation EU, CUP J53D23013280001 in PRIN2022JPNKZ4 - SPLASCH │ Smart PLatform and Applications for Southern Cultural Heritage scope, finalized to the research of a wide sampling of assets among which get interest also the wide typological area of the rural architecture. This thematic has been proposed by the study case relative to the activity of analysis and digital reconstruction of the Saint Nicola’s Abbay of Casole, in Otranto, today appreciable only in some surviving wall portions. The structure has been modified over the centuries. There are 5 principal stages which can be traceable, from the XI to the XVII century. From a historical architectonic point of view, the Saint Nicola’s Abbey of Casole is one of the most important italo-greek cenobitic centre of Apulia, built in the medieval era. The Abbey is considered a very important example of roman-gotic architecture of the Otranto Land seat of a scriptorium and a prestigious library. Of fondamental importance is his geografic position, in the easter point of Italy, that has allowed artistic, cultural and religious changes between east and west. Through a careful survey of the surviving layouts, supplemented by the analysis, superimposition and critical reading of the morpho-architectural data acquired, also supported by the comparison of the few documentable sources available, it was possible to reconstruct the architectural layout according to the main historical stratifications and restore, in its last known configuration, the abbey’s identity value to the city of Otranto.
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Deguchi, Toshinori, Sinsuke Seo, and Naohiro Ishii. "Meaning of the Clusters on Dimensionality Reduction by Word Clustering." In 2022 12th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiaiaai55812.2022.00072.
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Goodman, James, Andreas Vlachos, and Jason Naradowsky. "Noise reduction and targeted exploration in imitation learning for Abstract Meaning Representation parsing." In Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1001.
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Singeisen, Scott. "Disorienting Dilemmas: A Studio Model for Teaching Meaning-Making and Reflection in Action." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.24.
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The term meaning-making has been used in constructivist educational psychology to refer to the personal epistemology that persons create to help them to make sense of the influences, relationships and sources of knowledge in their world.1 According to the transformative learning theory of sociologist and educator Jack Mezirow, adults interpret the meaning of their experiences through a lens of deeply held assumptions.2 When students experience something that contradicts or challenges their way of negotiating the world they have to go through the transformative process of evaluating their assumptions and processes of making meaning. Mezirow called these experiences that force individuals to engage in this critical self-reflection “disorienting dilemmas”.3In ‘Educating the Reflective Practitioner’, Prof. Donald Schön suggests that artistry is necessary for the solution of problems in professional practice that occupy the indeterminate zones of uncertainty, uniqueness, and conflict. The two traditional approaches to the teaching of artistry, however, are problematic. The first, its elimination from a curriculum based on technical rationality, is predicated on the belief that artistry is mystical and essentially unteachable. The second, its reduction to a set of procedures, has proven not to work with indeterminate phenomena that are inherently unmanageable. Schön proposes a third strategy: reflection in action, based on his observations that considerable tacit knowledge is already built into practice. By entering the condition of action and reflecting on what has been done, one can resolve “indeterminate” problems in situ by d oing.4It is the view of this paper that by first positioning students in a disorienting dilemma, and by second, providing a framework for ‘reflection in action’ for students to identify and use analogous architectural research elements, students develop a personal methodology and their own contextual position relative to the history of architecture.
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Sohns, Bryon J., James Allison, Hosam Fathy, and Jeffrey L. Stein. "Accelerating Parameterizaton of Large-Scale Dynamic Models Through the Use of Activity Analysis." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14599.
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Previous research presents both sensitivity-based and principal component-based techniques for improving the tractability of system identification. Both have proven viable, but the former may be computationally inefficient for large problems, and the latter require a change of realization that may compromise the physical meaning of the parameters to be identified. This paper proposes for the first time the use of activity analysis, an efficient and realization-preserving model reduction technique, for identification space reduction. Theoretical and numerical studies highlighting the viability of activity analysis versus the previous two methods are presented.
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Fattah RADHI, Raghad. "DEVELOPING THE FINE ART STRUCTURE OF THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM LOGO'S DESIGN." In X. International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress10-6.
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The characteristic feature of a structure is that it accepts changes in form; this fact gives the structure features represented by the unity of its parts and wholeness. Accordingly, structure theorists consider the structure the major factor in composing the parts within the wholeness of the visual cognition according to a methodological adaptation of the creative processes in treating the elements of the logo, and this would make the logo have a visual identity that provides the recipient with a holistic description of the content of the materialistic representation. Additionally, the logo achieves identification between the concept and the reality at many times; therefore, it represents an entity that has characteristics and meanings which are expressed by these items and elements of the fine art representation. The problem of the research is shown through the following question: what is the fine art structure of the Natural History Museum logo's design? Hence, the goals of the research are: displaying the fine art structure of the Natural History Museum logo's design and building designing suggestions to develop this design. The research has two sections as follows: first, the conceptuality of the fine art structure and its image philosophy and second, the concept of the fine art structure in the artistic production of the logo. The research finds out that the concept of the logo appears through items and elements that conform to features of the fine art structure to build the visual identity that is in harmony semantically with its meaning, and reduction in ordering the elements contributes to the rhetoric of the fine art structure and its visual synthesis to reach the expressive visions
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Dal Cin, Enrico, Gianluca Carraro, Andrea Lazzaretto, and George Tsatsaronis. "Optimization of the Design and Operation of Multi-Energy Systems Integrated With Energy Networks: Retrofit Design Problem." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113238.
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Abstract In the literature there is a lack of tools able to optimize contextually the design and operation of a multi-energy system in its entirety, meaning with this both i) the number, type and size of the energy conversion and storage plants supplying the system, and ii) the geometry and capacity of the distribution networks delivering energy to the end users. Moreover, rarely the retrofit design problem is considered, meaning with “retrofit design” the addition of new capacity to components initially available in existing systems. Here, a general method is proposed to simultaneously optimize the retrofit design and operation of a multi-energy system and associated energy networks. The goal consists in finding the additional capacity to be added to already available components — energy conversion and storage plants, energy networks — and the new components to be installed, in order to comply with given reduction targets in carbon emissions, while keeping the life-cycle cost of the system at a minimum. A district composed of commercial and residential buildings operating in a microgrid is considered as a case study. Heat can be provided to the end users via a district heating network, while electricity can be either generated on site or imported from the national power grid. Results of the retrofit design problem show a contextual reduction of 35% in CO2 emission and 20% in life cycle cost with respect to the original system configuration.
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Grolet, Aurelien, and Fabrice Thouverez. "On the Use of the Proper Generalised Decomposition for Solving Nonlinear Vibration Problems." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87538.
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This paper presents the use of the so called Proper Generalized Decomposition method (PGD) for solving nonlinear vibration problems. PGD is often presented as an a priori reduction technique meaning that the reduction basis for expressing the solution is computed during the computation of the solution itself. In this paper, the PGD is applied in addition with the Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) in order to find periodic solutions of nonlinear dynamic systems. Several algorithms are presented in order to compute nonlinear normal modes and forced solutions. Application is carried out on systems containing geometrical nonlinearity and/or friction damping. We show that the PGD is able to compute a good approximation of the solutions event with a projection basis of small size. Results are compared with a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method showing that the PGD can sometimes provide an optimal reduction basis relative to the number of basis components.
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Zhang, Xin, Xili Duan, Yuri Muzychka, and Zongming Wang. "Predicting Drag Reduction in Turbulent Pipe Flow With Relaxation Time of Polymer Additives." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78701.
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This paper presents an experimental study on drag reduction induced by PEO (Polyethylene oxide) in a fully turbulent pipe flow. The objective of this work is to develop a correlation to predict drag reduction using the relaxation time of the polymer additives under dilute solution conditions, i.e., the polymer concentration is less than the overlap concertation. This paper discusses the meaning of relaxation time of polymers, and why the Weissenberg number, a dimensionless number that is related to the relaxation time and shear rate, is independent on the concentration in the dilute solution. Experimental data of drag reduction in a pipe flow are obtained from measurements using a flow loop. A correlation to predict drag reduction with the Weissenberg number and polymer concentration is established and a good agreement is shown between the predicted values and experimental data. The new correlation using the Weissenberg number and polymer concentration is shown to cost less to develop than one using the Reynolds number, in which larger pipes or higher flow rates are required.
Reports on the topic "Reductive meaning"
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Shepherd, Andrew. Let's go double dipping! Supporting Growth from Below through Cash+. Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/cpan.2025.007.
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In Zambia, economic growth is primarily driven by large-scale, formal investments in sectors such as minerals, tourism, and services. However, these sectors employ relatively few people and have a limited impact on overall poverty reduction due to weak economic multipliers. Consequently, Zambia needs complementary efforts focused on “Growth from Below”, small- scale, informal investments at the household level to effectively reduce poverty, particularly in an economy characterised by high inequality and a heavy reliance on minerals. According to the World Bank (2025), Zambia’s economic growth has a minimal effect on poverty alleviation, meaning that even substantial economic growth results in only modest reductions in poverty levels. While governments typically prioritise large-scale investments, a balanced approach that promotes both Growth from Above (GfA) and Growth from Below (GfB) is essential for inclusive and sustainable poverty reduction. Furthermore, although the minerals sector is economically significant, it inadequately contributes to government revenues due to externalization of financial flows and opaque financial practices on which significant Zambian institutional capacity has been built (Inter-governmental Forum, 2025). Mineral companies are sometimes able to negotiate special agreements with the Ministry of Finance and Planning to minimise or evade taxes and royalties, as in the recent dropping of a 15% export tax. Addressing these transparency and taxation issues, which have long been a concern for the Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA), is crucial to ensure that revenues from mineral wealth are effectively directed towards supporting broader economic initiatives that can genuinely benefit all Zambians.
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Tyson, Paul. Sovereignty and Biosecurity: Can we prevent ius from disappearing into dominium? Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp3en.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on Milbank and Agamben, a politico-juridical anthropology matrix can be drawn describing the relations between ius and bios (justice and political life) on the one hand and dominium and zoe (private power and ‘bare life’) on the other hand. Mapping movements in the basic configurations of this matrix over the long sweep of Western cultural history enable us to see where we are currently situated in relation to the nexus between politico-juridical authority (sovereignty) and the emergency use of executive State powers in the context of biosecurity. The argument presented is that pre-19th century understandings of ius and bios presupposed transcendent categories of Justice and the Common Good that were not naturalistically defined. The very recent idea of a purely naturalistic naturalism has made distinctions between bios and zoe un-locatable and civic ius is now disappearing into a strangely ‘private’ total power (dominium) over the bodies of citizens, as exercised by the State. The very meaning of politico-juridical authority and the sovereignty of the State is undergoing radical change when viewed from a long perspective. This paper suggests that the ancient distinction between power and authority is becoming meaningless, and that this loss erodes the ideas of justice and political life in the Western tradition. Early modern capitalism still retained at least the theory of a Providential moral order, but since the late 19th century, morality has become fully naturalized and secularized, such that what moral categories Classical economics had have been radically instrumentalized since. In the postcapitalist neoliberal world order, no high horizon of just power –no spiritual conception of sovereignty– remains. The paper argues that the reduction of authority to power, which flows from the absence of any traditional conception of sovereignty, is happening with particular ease in Australia, and that in Australia it is only the Indigenous attempt to have their prior sovereignty –as a spiritual reality– recognized that is pushing back against the collapse of political authority into mere executive power.